Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fraser-Fort George, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	96,979	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	94,506	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,377	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,224	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	50,580.72	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	96,980	48,705	48,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,305	8,380	7,925	16.8	17.2	16.4
0 to 4 years	4,800	2,425	2,380	4.9	5.0	4.9
5 to 9 years	5,575	2,880	2,685	5.7	5.9	5.6
10 to 14 years	5,930	3,075	2,855	6.1	6.3	5.9
15 to 64 years	64,475	32,510	31,960	66.5	66.7	66.2
15 to 19 years	5,555	2,920	2,640	5.7	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	6,125	3,150	2,975	6.3	6.5	6.2
25 to 29 years	6,905	3,505	3,400	7.1	7.2	7.0
30 to 34 years	6,820	3,470	3,355	7.0	7.1	7.0
35 to 39 years	6,765	3,385	3,385	7.0	7.0	7.0
40 to 44 years	5,980	2,975	3,000	6.2	6.1	6.2
45 to 49 years	6,070	3,015	3,050	6.3	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	6,380	3,155	3,225	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	6,985	3,475	3,515	7.2	7.1	7.3
60 to 64 years	6,900	3,465	3,430	7.1	7.1	7.1
65 years and over	16,205	7,815	8,385	16.7	16.0	17.4
65 to 69 years	5,710	2,825	2,885	5.9	5.8	6.0
70 to 74 years	4,450	2,185	2,265	4.6	4.5	4.7
75 to 79 years	2,970	1,465	1,505	3.1	3.0	3.1
80 to 84 years	1,725	805	920	1.8	1.7	1.9
85 years and over	1,350	540	810	1.4	1.1	1.7
85 to 89 years	915	385	530	0.9	0.8	1.1
90 to 94 years	350	140	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
95 to 99 years	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.2	16.4	16.8	17.2	16.4
15 to 64 years	66.5	66.7	66.2	66.5	66.7	66.2
65 years and over	16.7	16.0	17.4	16.7	16.0	17.4
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Average age of the population	40.6	40.1	41.1	40.6	40.1	41.1
Median age of the population	40.0	39.2	40.8	40.0	39.2	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,435	...	...	63.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,375	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	2,010	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,530	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,910	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	575	...	...	1.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,340	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,540	...	...	28.7	...	...
2 persons	14,705	...	...	36.6	...	...
3 persons	5,975	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	5,100	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,900	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	95,295	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,675	40,325	40,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,495	22,720	22,775	56.4	56.3	56.5
Married	34,900	17,430	17,470	43.3	43.2	43.3
Living common-law	10,590	5,285	5,310	13.1	13.1	13.2
Living common law - Never married	7,930	3,970	3,960	9.8	9.8	9.8
Living common law - Separated	605	315	285	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,835	915	915	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	225	80	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	35,180	17,610	17,570	43.6	43.7	43.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,305	13,165	10,145	28.9	32.6	25.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,665	1,200	1,465	3.3	3.0	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,055	2,270	2,790	6.3	5.6	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,160	985	3,170	5.2	2.4	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,080	...	...	55.7	...	...
3 persons	5,385	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	4,695	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,920	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,305	...	...	82.4	...	...
Married couples	17,005	...	...	62.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,070	...	...	29.8	...	...
Without children	8,945	...	...	33.0	...	...
Common-law couples	5,295	...	...	19.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,065	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	3,230	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,770	...	...	17.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,585	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,190	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	95,300	47,720	47,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	75,400	37,360	38,040	79.1	78.3	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,610	22,260	22,355	46.8	46.6	47.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,775	1,190	3,585	5.0	2.5	7.5
Children⁶	26,015	13,915	12,100	27.3	29.2	25.4
In a two-parent family	18,685	9,920	8,760	19.6	20.8	18.4
In a one-parent family	7,335	3,995	3,340	7.7	8.4	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,900	10,355	9,545	20.9	21.7	20.1
Living alone	11,540	5,890	5,650	12.1	12.3	11.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,570	1,220	1,345	2.7	2.6	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	5,790	3,245	2,545	6.1	6.8	5.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,455	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	19,865	...	...	49.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,045	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	10,825	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,585	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	890	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,745	...	...	4.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,315	...	...	5.8	...	...
One-person households	11,540	...	...	28.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,085	39,400	39,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,615	38,225	38,390	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	55,200	38,000	45,200	55,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,655	38,240	38,410	96.9	97.1	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	35,200	40,800	48,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,205	34,905	33,305	86.2	88.6	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	52,400	31,200	40,400	52,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,945	29,670	27,270	72.0	75.3	68.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	57,200	34,400	44,400	57,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,655	29,200	33,455	79.2	74.1	84.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,100	10,200	9,600	9,100	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,960	4,555	4,400	11.3	11.6	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,680	5,560	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,055	9,315	9,740	24.1	23.6	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,050	39,400	39,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,550	38,240	38,315	96.8	97.1	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,400	66,100	44,800	55,400	66,100	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,585	38,250	38,335	96.9	97.1	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,080	54,850	39,320	47,080	54,850	39,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,255	35,165	33,085	86.3	89.3	83.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,750	62,800	40,040	51,750	62,800	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,960	30,040	26,920	72.1	76.2	67.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	62,800	41,120	52,550	62,800	41,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,790	29,375	33,415	79.4	74.6	84.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,310	10,820	11,730	11,310	10,820	11,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,035	4,640	4,395	11.4	11.8	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,500	7,260	6,870	6,500	7,260
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,085	9,400	9,685	24.1	23.9	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,170	7,780	8,550	8,170	7,780	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,050	39,400	39,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,010	15,585	11,425	34.2	39.6	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	78,500	58,000	68,500	78,500	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,300	84,300	63,000	75,300	84,300	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,285	10,520	11,765	28.2	26.7	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	30,200	19,800	23,600	30,200	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,040	44,480	26,560	35,040	44,480	26,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.4	77.2	83.2	87.4	77.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	74.6	64.4	70.6	74.6	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.7	12.6	22.8	16.7	12.6	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.6	6.3	4.7	3.6	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.8	3.7	2.9	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,080	39,405	39,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,465	1,175	1,290	3.1	3.0	3.3
With total income	76,615	38,230	38,390	96.9	97.0	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,195	2,475	3,720	8.1	6.5	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,975	3,075	4,895	10.4	8.0	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,430	4,265	6,170	13.6	11.2	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,375	3,930	5,450	12.2	10.3	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,420	3,610	4,805	11.0	9.4	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,255	3,305	3,950	9.5	8.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,795	3,020	2,775	7.6	7.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,810	2,825	1,985	6.3	7.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	2,460	1,320	4.9	6.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,225	2,215	1,010	4.2	5.8	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,365	7,055	2,310	12.2	18.5	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	7,010	5,185	1,825	9.1	13.6	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,355	1,865	485	3.1	4.9	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,080	39,405	39,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,425	1,155	1,265	3.1	2.9	3.2
With after-tax income	76,655	38,245	38,415	96.9	97.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,380	2,540	3,840	8.3	6.6	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,260	3,175	5,080	10.8	8.3	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,940	4,910	7,035	15.6	12.8	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,010	4,700	6,310	14.4	12.3	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	9,710	4,345	5,365	12.7	11.4	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,955	4,040	3,910	10.4	10.6	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,260	3,665	2,595	8.2	9.6	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,755	3,225	1,530	6.2	8.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,605	2,485	1,115	4.7	6.5	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,400	1,755	635	3.1	4.6	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,385	3,395	995	5.7	8.9	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,685	2,070	610	3.5	5.4	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,705	1,320	385	2.2	3.5	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,080	39,405	39,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,135	9,730	12,405	28.0	24.7	31.3
With employment income	56,940	29,675	27,270	72.0	75.3	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,465	2,935	3,530	11.4	9.9	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	3,840	1,530	2,310	6.7	5.2	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	5,960	2,435	3,520	10.5	8.2	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,145	2,200	2,945	9.0	7.4	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,940	2,075	2,865	8.7	7.0	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,865	2,065	2,800	8.5	7.0	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,690	2,170	2,520	8.2	7.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,155	2,245	1,905	7.3	7.6	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	2,230	1,375	6.3	7.5	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	2,100	1,000	5.4	7.1	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685	1,845	840	4.7	6.2	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,510	5,845	1,665	13.2	19.7	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,010	2,970	1,035	7.0	10.0	3.8
$125,000 and over	3,500	2,870	630	6.1	9.7	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,085	39,400	39,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,785	37,285	37,500	94.6	94.6	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	54,800	34,800	42,800	54,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,970	37,305	37,660	94.8	94.7	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,600	31,400	38,400	47,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,760	34,615	33,145	85.7	87.9	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	53,600	31,800	40,800	53,600	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,115	30,830	28,290	74.7	78.2	71.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	55,600	32,800	42,000	55,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,375	21,910	28,470	63.7	55.6	71.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,800	7,400	7,500	7,800	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,620	3,960	3,660	9.6	10.1	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,160	5,480	5,280	5,160	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,050	39,400	39,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,785	37,315	37,475	94.6	94.7	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,400	65,500	41,320	53,400	65,500	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,000	37,355	37,645	94.9	94.8	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	53,500	35,720	44,560	53,500	35,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,890	34,920	32,970	85.9	88.6	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	64,100	39,000	51,900	64,100	39,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,090	31,100	27,985	74.8	78.9	70.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,960	61,750	38,960	50,960	61,750	38,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,425	21,695	28,725	63.8	55.1	72.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,310	9,550	9,140	9,310	9,550	9,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,870	4,070	3,800	10.0	10.3	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,390	6,930	7,890	7,390	6,930	7,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,050	39,400	39,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,900	15,510	11,385	34.0	39.4	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	75,500	53,200	65,000	75,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,700	81,700	58,000	71,700	81,700	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,245	10,040	11,210	26.9	25.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	37,200	23,600	28,600	37,200	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,600	50,760	29,640	39,600	50,760	29,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.6	83.0	88.2	91.6	83.0
Employment income (%)	75.4	78.6	70.4	75.4	78.6	70.4
Government transfers (%)	11.8	8.5	17.0	11.8	8.5	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,650	...	...	52,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,360	...	...	45,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,300	...	...	107,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	865	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,395	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,245	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,370	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,400	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,400	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,795	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,780	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,625	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,440	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,370	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,560	...	...	43.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,985	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,915	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,950	...	...	12.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,720	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	885	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,480	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,390	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,395	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,580	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,625	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,585	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,405	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,235	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,885	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,665	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,215	...	...	35.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,290	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,720	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,205	...	...	12.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,325	9,135	8,190	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	45,600	36,800	40,400	45,600	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	34,000	37,200	40,800	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...	105,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,310	8,975	8,335	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	55,300	44,320	50,000	55,300	44,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,240	47,080	39,120	43,240	47,080	39,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	95,295	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,430	9,990	9,440	20.4	20.9	19.8
0 to 5 years	5,910	3,000	2,910	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	60,225	30,140	30,085	63.2	63.2	63.2
65 years and over	15,640	7,590	8,055	16.4	15.9	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,610	3,935	4,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,080	1,040	1,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	705	350	355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,510	2,090	2,420	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,015	800	1,215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.3	9.8	9.0	8.3	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.4	11.0	10.7	10.4	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	11.6	12.2	11.9	11.6	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	6.9	8.1	7.5	6.9	8.1
65 years and over (%)	12.9	10.6	15.1	12.9	10.6	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	95,130	47,640	47,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,390	9,970	9,415	20.4	20.9	19.8
0 to 5 years	5,905	3,000	2,905	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	60,125	30,085	30,035	63.2	63.2	63.2
65 years and over	15,620	7,580	8,040	16.4	15.9	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,150	1,545	1,600	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	630	305	325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	95	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,285	1,135	1,145	...	...	...
65 years and over	235	105	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.0	3.9	3.4	3.0	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	95,295	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,980	20,650	22,330	45.1	43.3	46.9
In bottom decile	8,630	4,005	4,620	9.1	8.4	9.7
In second decile	8,390	3,885	4,505	8.8	8.1	9.5
In third decile	8,550	4,085	4,460	9.0	8.6	9.4
In fourth decile	8,640	4,285	4,360	9.1	9.0	9.2
In fifth decile	8,770	4,385	4,390	9.2	9.2	9.2
In top half of the distribution	52,315	27,070	25,245	54.9	56.7	53.1
In sixth decile	9,870	4,985	4,885	10.4	10.4	10.3
In seventh decile	10,355	5,315	5,035	10.9	11.1	10.6
In eighth decile	11,005	5,680	5,330	11.5	11.9	11.2
In ninth decile	11,335	5,950	5,390	11.9	12.5	11.3
In top decile	9,750	5,145	4,610	10.2	10.8	9.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,800	48,000	47,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,760	45,740	45,020	94.7	95.3	94.2
French only	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,620	2,100	2,525	4.8	4.4	5.3
Neither English nor French	395	160	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,800	48,000	47,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,385	47,325	47,060	98.5	98.6	98.5
French	950	485	460	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	385	150	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,800	48,000	47,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,005	47,160	46,845	98.1	98.3	98.0
Official languages	85,465	43,095	42,370	89.2	89.8	88.6
English	84,340	42,525	41,820	88.0	88.6	87.5
French	1,125	570	555	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	8,540	4,070	4,470	8.9	8.5	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,340	3,995	4,350	8.7	8.3	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	815	315	500	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	635	250	380	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,900	2,885	3,015	6.2	6.0	6.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	790	365	425	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	780	365	415	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,490	695	800	1.6	1.4	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	980	450	525	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	920	415	495	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	375	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,710	1,380	1,330	2.8	2.9	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,620	1,335	1,285	2.7	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,205	1,105	1,100	2.3	2.3	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	840	405	430	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	250	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	575	260	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	575	260	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,795	845	950	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,340	625	715	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,800	48,000	47,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,790	43,745	43,045	90.6	91.1	90.1
French	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,840	900	945	1.9	1.9	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,830	895	940	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	675	295	380	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,020	2,830	3,190	6.3	5.9	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,800	48,000	47,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,420	47,360	47,060	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	90,575	45,455	45,115	94.5	94.7	94.4
English	90,365	45,360	45,010	94.3	94.5	94.2
French	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,845	1,905	1,945	4.0	4.0	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,830	1,890	1,935	4.0	3.9	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	380	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,620	1,300	1,325	2.7	2.7	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,935	985	950	2.0	2.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,895	965	930	2.0	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,650	830	820	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,375	640	735	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,240	580	660	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,795	48,005	47,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,930	45,245	44,685	93.9	94.3	93.5
English	1,605	825	785	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	555	240	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,965	1,360	1,610	3.1	2.8	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	160	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,810	1,300	1,510	2.9	2.7	3.2
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	310	130	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	95,300	47,720	47,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	94,900	47,570	47,330	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	94,890	47,565	47,315	99.6	99.7	99.4
French	4,630	2,015	2,615	4.9	4.2	5.5
Non-official languages	12,335	5,730	6,610	12.9	12.0	13.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	530	225	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	305	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	305	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	240	80	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,830	5,510	6,315	12.4	11.5	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,195	425	770	1.3	0.9	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,135	390	750	1.2	0.8	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	115	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	40	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,325	3,990	4,335	8.7	8.4	9.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,160	565	595	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,145	550	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	370	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	305	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,100	900	1,200	2.2	1.9	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,510	655	855	1.6	1.4	1.8
German	1,470	630	840	1.5	1.3	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	445	180	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	245	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,460	1,765	1,695	3.6	3.7	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,340	1,695	1,635	3.5	3.6	3.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,385	690	690	1.5	1.4	1.5
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,755	1,395	1,350	2.9	2.9	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,690	800	890	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	965	440	515	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	250	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	370	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	210	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	755	355	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	755	355	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	475	225	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	95,300	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,995	6,765	7,230	14.7	14.2	15.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,515	6,520	6,995	14.2	13.7	14.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,780	3,665	4,115	8.2	7.7	8.6
Métis	5,660	2,820	2,840	5.9	5.9	6.0
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	81,300	40,955	40,345	85.3	85.8	84.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	95,300	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,795	2,755	3,040	6.1	5.8	6.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,500	44,965	44,535	93.9	94.2	93.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,890	...	...	71.8	...	...
Renter	11,260	...	...	28.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,560	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not condominium	37,665	...	...	93.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	3,245	...	...	8.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,735	...	...	21.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,855	...	...	32.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,150	...	...	37.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,855	...	...	22.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,905	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,620	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	4,965	...	...	12.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,875	...	...	37.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,840	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,870	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,350	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,925	...	...	9.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,105	...	...	50.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,750	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,955	...	...	14.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,160	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,535	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,075	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,720	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,490	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,735	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,425	...	...	50.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,795	...	...	44.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,000	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,590	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,435	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,840	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,110	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,130	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,285	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,005	...	...	7.5	...	...
85 years and over	830	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,930	...	...	85.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,850	...	...	14.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,315	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,135	...	...	22.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,190	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,095	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,060	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	525	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,090	...	...	77.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,715	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	36,530	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.0	...	...	62.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,276	...	...	1,276	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	396,000	...	...	396,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,800	...	...	400,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,245	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	372	...	...	372	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	95,295	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,955	2,925	3,035	6.2	6.1	6.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,870	2,885	2,980	6.2	6.0	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,615	2,210	2,400	4.8	4.6	5.0
Métis single ancestry	1,250	670	580	1.3	1.4	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,610	4,030	4,575	9.0	8.4	9.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,175	3,820	4,355	8.6	8.0	9.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,265	2,415	2,845	5.5	5.1	6.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,860	1,370	1,490	3.0	2.9	3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	430	215	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	425	215	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	80,735	40,765	39,965	84.7	85.4	84.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	95,295	47,720	47,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,680	45,475	45,205	95.2	95.3	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,085	9,765	9,320	20.0	20.5	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,590	35,705	35,885	75.1	74.8	75.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,620	2,245	2,370	4.8	4.7	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	95,295	47,720	47,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	84,235	42,455	41,780	88.4	89.0	87.8
Immigrants⁸¹	9,245	4,315	4,930	9.7	9.0	10.4
Before 1980	3,355	1,640	1,715	3.5	3.4	3.6
1980 to 1990	985	425	560	1.0	0.9	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,110	475	630	1.2	1.0	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,215	545	670	1.3	1.1	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,580	1,230	1,350	2.7	2.6	2.8
2011 to 2015	1,030	445	585	1.1	0.9	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,550	780	765	1.6	1.6	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,820	950	865	1.9	2.0	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,245	4,315	4,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,105	550	550	12.0	12.7	11.2
5 to 14 years	1,665	835	830	18.0	19.4	16.8
15 to 24 years	2,100	970	1,125	22.7	22.5	22.8
25 to 44 years	3,750	1,690	2,065	40.6	39.2	41.9
45 years and over	630	275	360	6.8	6.4	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,245	4,315	4,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,345	660	680	14.5	15.3	13.8
Brazil	40	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Colombia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyana	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	55	40	1.0	1.3	0.8
Mexico	50	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
United States of America	895	430	470	9.7	10.0	9.5
Other places of birth in Americas	140	55	85	1.5	1.3	1.7
Europe	3,585	1,730	1,855	38.8	40.1	37.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Croatia	155	80	70	1.7	1.9	1.4
France	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Germany	575	225	345	6.2	5.2	7.0
Greece	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	60	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italy	115	70	50	1.2	1.6	1.0
Netherlands	255	115	135	2.8	2.7	2.7
Poland	240	125	115	2.6	2.9	2.3
Portugal	180	85	95	1.9	2.0	1.9
Romania	40	25	20	0.4	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	55	30	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	85	20	60	0.9	0.5	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,035	535	500	11.2	12.4	10.1
Other places of birth in Europe	690	350	345	7.5	8.1	7.0
Africa	600	290	315	6.5	6.7	6.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	165	80	85	1.8	1.9	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	55	70	1.4	1.3	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	270	130	140	2.9	3.0	2.8
Asia	3,510	1,520	1,990	38.0	35.2	40.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	285	120	160	3.1	2.8	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	130	55	75	1.4	1.3	1.5
Taiwan	60	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Philippines	1,040	340	700	11.2	7.9	14.2
Viet Nam	90	30	60	1.0	0.7	1.2
Bangladesh	35	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.5
India	1,360	680	680	14.7	15.8	13.8
Pakistan	100	60	45	1.1	1.4	0.9
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	215	100	110	2.3	2.3	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	205	115	90	2.2	2.7	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,550	780	765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	110	85	12.6	14.1	11.1
Brazil	15	10	0	1.0	1.3	0.0
Colombia	20	10	0	1.3	1.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	2.6	3.2	2.6
Mexico	20	15	10	1.3	1.9	1.3
United States of America	75	35	40	4.8	4.5	5.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.3	1.3	1.3
Europe	165	80	85	10.6	10.3	11.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	25	3.2	3.8	3.3
Other places of birth in Europe	70	20	50	4.5	2.6	6.5
Africa	200	85	115	12.9	10.9	15.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	105	45	60	6.8	5.8	7.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	1.6	1.3	2.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	25	2.9	3.2	3.3
Asia	970	490	475	62.6	62.8	62.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	2.3	1.3	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	530	290	240	34.2	37.2	31.4
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	1.9	1.9	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	2.6	2.6	2.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	25	30	3.2	3.2	3.9
Philippines	205	80	120	13.2	10.3	15.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	1.9	1.9	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
Australia	25	15	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	95,300	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,655	5,565	6,090	12.2	11.7	12.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,925	7,360	7,565	15.7	15.4	15.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	68,720	34,800	33,920	72.1	72.9	71.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,890	2,675	3,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,485	1,685	1,800	59.2	63.0	56.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,575	885	685	26.7	33.1	21.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,910	795	1,110	32.4	29.7	34.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,045	795	1,250	34.7	29.7	38.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	345	185	160	5.9	6.9	5.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,890	2,675	3,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	45	45	1.5	1.7	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,085	485	600	18.4	18.1	18.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	120	135	4.3	4.5	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	665	360	305	11.3	13.5	9.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,750	1,650	2,100	63.7	61.7	65.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	95,300	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,505	4,565	4,940	10.0	9.6	10.4
South Asian	4,060	2,090	1,975	4.3	4.4	4.2
Chinese	995	465	530	1.0	1.0	1.1
Black	1,170	580	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Filipino	1,600	630	970	1.7	1.3	2.0
Arab	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	265	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	250	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,795	43,160	42,635	90.0	90.4	89.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	95,295	47,720	47,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,660	7,095	6,570	14.3	14.9	13.8
English	24,110	11,675	12,430	25.3	24.5	26.1
Irish	15,930	7,605	8,330	16.7	15.9	17.5
Scottish	18,600	9,045	9,555	19.5	19.0	20.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,725	5,230	5,495	11.3	11.0	11.5
German	16,770	8,130	8,640	17.6	17.0	18.2
Chinese	1,145	485	660	1.2	1.0	1.4
Italian	2,960	1,495	1,465	3.1	3.1	3.1
Indian (India)	2,310	1,180	1,130	2.4	2.5	2.4
Ukrainian	5,820	2,890	2,930	6.1	6.1	6.2
Dutch	4,140	2,005	2,135	4.3	4.2	4.5
Polish	3,230	1,510	1,725	3.4	3.2	3.6
Québécois	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,210	1,595	1,615	3.4	3.3	3.4
Filipino	1,670	650	1,025	1.8	1.4	2.2
French Canadian	1,145	595	550	1.2	1.2	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,435	1,280	1,155	2.6	2.7	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,185	1,970	2,220	4.4	4.1	4.7
Métis	4,625	2,290	2,330	4.9	4.8	4.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,320	1,175	1,145	2.4	2.5	2.4
Russian	2,650	1,190	1,460	2.8	2.5	3.1
Norwegian	4,855	2,470	2,385	5.1	5.2	5.0
Welsh	2,420	1,070	1,345	2.5	2.2	2.8
Portuguese	985	475	515	1.0	1.0	1.1
American	1,940	940	1,005	2.0	2.0	2.1
Spanish	630	250	385	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	3,585	1,645	1,940	3.8	3.4	4.1
Hungarian	1,185	590	595	1.2	1.2	1.3
Acadian	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	405	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	905	490	405	0.9	1.0	0.9
Vietnamese	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	335	150	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,770	810	960	1.9	1.7	2.0
Korean	270	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	575	240	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	1,755	795	965	1.8	1.7	2.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,275	635	640	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sikh	605	350	255	0.6	0.7	0.5
Austrian	1,060	530	530	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	385	215	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	530	260	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swiss	880	495	380	0.9	1.0	0.8
Finnish	895	460	435	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	625	295	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Japanese	430	200	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	985	505	480	1.0	1.1	1.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	490	260	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	485	250	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	225	135	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australian	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	155	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	600	325	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	95,300	47,720	47,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	32,805	15,000	17,805	34.4	31.4	37.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,930	4,215	4,715	9.4	8.8	9.9
Anabaptist	430	210	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Anglican	2,255	980	1,275	2.4	2.1	2.7
Baptist	1,655	690	960	1.7	1.4	2.0
Catholic	11,010	5,155	5,855	11.6	10.8	12.3
Christian Orthodox	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	745	290	455	0.8	0.6	1.0
Latter Day Saints	440	220	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lutheran	1,115	485	630	1.2	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,110	490	625	1.2	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	440	205	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,335	1,020	1,320	2.5	2.1	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,770	795	980	1.9	1.7	2.1
Hindu	640	350	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	555	270	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	2,480	1,290	1,185	2.6	2.7	2.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	790	295	495	0.8	0.6	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	57,525	30,280	27,245	60.4	63.5	57.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	94,395	47,305	47,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	81,370	40,780	40,595	86.2	86.2	86.2
Movers	13,020	6,525	6,500	13.8	13.8	13.8
Non-migrants	9,630	4,840	4,785	10.2	10.2	10.2
Migrants	3,395	1,685	1,710	3.6	3.6	3.6
Internal migrants	3,090	1,550	1,545	3.3	3.3	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,155	1,070	1,090	2.3	2.3	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	935	475	455	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	305	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,495	45,250	45,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,040	26,225	25,820	57.5	58.0	57.1
Movers	38,460	19,025	19,425	42.5	42.0	42.9
Non-migrants	20,190	10,050	10,135	22.3	22.2	22.4
Migrants	18,265	8,975	9,290	20.2	19.8	20.5
Internal migrants	15,775	7,680	8,085	17.4	17.0	17.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,075	5,820	6,255	13.3	12.9	13.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,700	1,865	1,835	4.1	4.1	4.1
External migrants	2,500	1,295	1,200	2.8	2.9	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,050	39,405	39,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,110	9,115	6,990	20.4	23.1	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,940	30,285	32,660	79.6	76.9	82.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,095	25,905	26,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,305	4,410	2,895	14.0	17.0	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,790	21,490	23,300	86.0	83.0	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,050	39,400	39,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,815	7,430	6,385	17.5	18.9	16.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,715	12,885	13,830	33.8	32.7	34.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,520	19,085	19,435	48.7	48.4	49.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,010	13,590	11,420	31.6	34.5	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,865	7,340	1,520	11.2	18.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,900	1,900	1,000	3.7	4.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,965	5,440	520	7.5	13.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,420	5,585	8,830	18.2	14.2	22.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,730	660	1,070	2.2	1.7	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,510	5,495	8,015	17.1	13.9	20.2
Bachelor's degree	9,085	3,620	5,465	11.5	9.2	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	875	345	520	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	205	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,655	1,075	1,575	3.4	2.7	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	475	245	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,095	25,900	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,985	3,445	2,540	11.5	13.3	9.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,700	8,280	8,425	32.1	32.0	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,410	14,180	15,230	56.5	54.7	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,315	9,810	8,505	35.2	37.9	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,315	5,245	1,070	12.1	20.3	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,035	1,305	725	3.9	5.0	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,280	3,935	350	8.2	15.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,825	4,060	6,765	20.8	15.7	25.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,175	505	675	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,095	4,365	6,725	21.3	16.9	25.7
Bachelor's degree	7,435	2,890	4,545	14.3	11.2	17.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	655	255	405	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	155	205	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,270	890	1,380	4.4	3.4	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	180	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,050	39,400	39,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,535	20,320	20,215	51.3	51.6	51.0
Education	2,535	535	2,005	3.2	1.4	5.1
13. Education	2,535	535	2,005	3.2	1.4	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	615	220	395	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	560	175	385	0.7	0.4	1.0
Humanities	1,565	580	985	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	390	100	290	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	90	330	0.5	0.2	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	140	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	260	160	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,075	1,010	2,065	3.9	2.6	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	35	615	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	395	130	265	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	590	145	445	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,125	560	565	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,325	2,250	5,075	9.3	5.7	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	890	165	725	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,430	2,085	4,350	8.1	5.3	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,370	675	690	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	720	330	390	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	130	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	290	195	95	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	910	550	355	1.2	1.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	765	470	295	1.0	1.2	0.7
25. Library science	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,390	9,770	620	13.1	24.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	850	715	130	1.1	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,920	1,720	200	2.4	4.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,860	2,750	110	3.6	7.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,230	3,155	80	4.1	8.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,465	1,400	60	1.9	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,915	1,150	765	2.4	2.9	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	370	160	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,545	990	555	2.0	2.5	1.4
Health and related fields	6,485	1,135	5,350	8.2	2.9	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,990	905	5,090	7.6	2.3	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,310	1,195	1,120	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,370	345	1,020	1.7	0.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	215	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	635	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,095	25,905	26,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,685	11,720	10,960	43.5	45.2	41.8
Education	1,685	315	1,375	3.2	1.2	5.2
13. Education	1,685	315	1,375	3.2	1.2	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	465	160	305	0.9	0.6	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	440	145	295	0.8	0.6	1.1
Humanities	1,140	410	735	2.2	1.6	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	300	75	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	75	240	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	190	115	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,545	810	1,725	4.9	3.1	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	550	35	510	1.1	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	315	90	230	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	485	115	370	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	925	460	460	1.8	1.8	1.8
Business, management and public administration	5,615	1,635	3,975	10.8	6.3	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	145	625	1.5	0.6	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,840	1,495	3,350	9.3	5.8	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	510	605	2.1	2.0	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	620	270	350	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	70	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	235	150	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	780	495	295	1.5	1.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	660	420	240	1.3	1.6	0.9
25. Library science	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,595	7,080	515	14.6	27.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	700	575	120	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,465	1,305	155	2.8	5.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,055	1,965	90	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,270	2,205	65	4.4	8.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,040	1,005	40	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,520	895	625	2.9	3.5	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	100	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,255	795	460	2.4	3.1	1.8
Health and related fields	5,110	910	4,195	9.8	3.5	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	125	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,735	740	3,995	9.1	2.9	15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825	950	875	3.5	3.7	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,050	265	785	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	255	190	65	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	500	20	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,095	25,905	26,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,685	11,720	10,960	43.5	45.2	41.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,405	14,180	15,230	56.4	54.7	58.1
Location of study inside Canada	26,395	12,845	13,550	50.7	49.6	51.7
Same as province or territory of residence	21,920	10,595	11,325	42.1	40.9	43.2
Different than province or territory of residence	4,475	2,250	2,225	8.6	8.7	8.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,015	1,335	1,680	5.8	5.2	6.4
Americas	490	225	260	0.9	0.9	1.0
United States of America	410	190	220	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	710	325	390	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	135	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	220	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,510	635	880	2.9	2.5	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	525	165	355	1.0	0.6	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	700	330	365	1.3	1.3	1.4
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,050	39,400	39,650	...	...	...
In the labour force	52,075	27,550	24,525	...	...	...
Employed	47,335	24,900	22,435	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,740	2,655	2,090	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,975	11,845	15,125	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.9	69.9	61.9	65.9	69.9	61.9
Employment rate	59.9	63.2	56.6	59.9	63.2	56.6
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.6	8.5	9.1	9.6	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,050	39,400	39,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,630	12,240	15,390	35.0	31.1	38.8
Worked	51,420	27,160	24,260	65.0	68.9	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,665	15,935	11,730	35.0	40.4	29.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,755	11,225	12,535	30.1	28.5	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.7	40.7	41.7	42.7	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	52,070	27,555	24,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	590	575	2.2	2.1	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,905	26,960	23,945	97.8	97.8	97.7
Employee	44,930	23,470	21,455	86.3	85.2	87.5
Permanent position	38,060	20,375	17,680	73.1	73.9	72.1
Temporary position	6,870	3,100	3,770	13.2	11.3	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,720	670	1,050	3.3	2.4	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,155	2,430	2,725	9.9	8.8	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,980	3,490	2,490	11.5	12.7	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	52,070	27,555	24,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	590	575	2.2	2.1	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,905	26,960	23,945	97.8	97.8	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	375	265	110	0.7	1.0	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,390	1,685	5,700	14.2	6.1	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,120	2,315	810	6.0	8.4	3.3
3 Health occupations	3,955	750	3,205	7.6	2.7	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,390	1,920	4,470	12.3	7.0	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	905	320	580	1.7	1.2	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	12,445	5,060	7,390	23.9	18.4	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,100	11,160	945	23.2	40.5	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,795	1,340	455	3.4	4.9	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,430	2,150	280	4.7	7.8	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	52,070	27,555	24,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	590	575	2.2	2.1	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	50,905	26,960	23,945	97.8	97.8	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,480	1,790	695	4.8	6.5	2.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	700	585	115	1.3	2.1	0.5
22 Utilities	450	305	150	0.9	1.1	0.6
23 Construction	4,660	3,920	740	8.9	14.2	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	4,185	3,475	710	8.0	12.6	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,835	1,450	380	3.5	5.3	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,760	2,710	3,045	11.1	9.8	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,375	2,740	635	6.5	9.9	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	630	270	365	1.2	1.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,115	330	790	2.1	1.2	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	650	295	355	1.2	1.1	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,345	1,215	1,130	4.5	4.4	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,580	905	675	3.0	3.3	2.8
61 Educational services	3,825	1,025	2,795	7.3	3.7	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,150	1,330	5,825	13.7	4.8	23.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	815	355	460	1.6	1.3	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,490	1,435	2,050	6.7	5.2	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,470	1,295	1,170	4.7	4.7	4.8
91 Public administration	3,350	1,520	1,830	6.4	5.5	7.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,610	29,380	26,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,850	29,075	25,775	98.6	99.0	98.3
French	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	240	85	155	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	400	170	235	0.7	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,610	29,380	26,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,555	29,365	26,195	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	55,430	29,290	26,135	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	55,355	29,290	26,070	99.5	99.7	99.4
French	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,610	29,380	26,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,010	29,145	25,865	98.9	99.2	98.6
English	85	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
French	195	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	275	125	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	105	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,335	24,900	22,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,925	2,375	3,555	12.5	9.5	15.8
Worked outside Canada	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,370	5,680	1,685	15.6	22.8	7.5
Usual place of work	33,990	16,810	17,180	71.8	67.5	76.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,990	16,810	17,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,110	13,505	14,610	82.7	80.3	85.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,780	2,475	2,305	14.1	14.7	13.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	925	695	230	2.7	4.1	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	175	135	30	0.5	0.8	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,355	22,490	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,445	20,560	16,885	90.5	91.4	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,965	19,535	15,425	84.5	86.9	81.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,480	1,020	1,460	6.0	4.5	7.7
Public transit	1,160	510	650	2.8	2.3	3.4
Walked	1,575	690	885	3.8	3.1	4.7
Bicycle	335	225	110	0.8	1.0	0.6
Other method	845	505	340	2.0	2.2	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,355	22,490	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,005	9,260	9,745	46.0	41.2	51.6
15 to 29 minutes	16,405	9,160	7,250	39.7	40.7	38.4
30 to 44 minutes	3,255	2,015	1,235	7.9	9.0	6.5
45 to 59 minutes	845	550	295	2.0	2.4	1.6
60 minutes and over	1,850	1,505	345	4.5	6.7	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,355	22,490	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,815	2,205	610	6.8	9.8	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,980	4,575	2,400	16.9	20.3	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,340	6,110	5,225	27.4	27.2	27.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,505	3,875	5,630	23.0	17.2	29.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,160	1,685	2,480	10.1	7.5	13.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,555	4,040	2,520	15.9	18.0	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,820	10,200	9,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,075	545	530	5.4	5.3	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,745	9,655	9,095	94.6	94.7	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,650	7,580	7,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	420	415	5.7	5.5	5.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	220	240	3.1	2.9	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	200	175	2.6	2.6	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,820	7,160	6,655	94.3	94.5	94.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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