Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Bulkley-Nechako, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	37,737	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	37,896	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.4	...	...	- 0.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,618	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,399	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.5	...	...	0.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	73,203.22	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	37,735	19,335	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,120	3,715	3,400	18.9	19.2	18.5
0 to 4 years	2,215	1,220	995	5.9	6.3	5.4
5 to 9 years	2,340	1,175	1,165	6.2	6.1	6.3
10 to 14 years	2,565	1,325	1,245	6.8	6.9	6.8
15 to 64 years	23,765	12,130	11,635	63.0	62.7	63.2
15 to 19 years	2,235	1,155	1,075	5.9	6.0	5.8
20 to 24 years	1,855	1,030	825	4.9	5.3	4.5
25 to 29 years	2,060	1,075	985	5.5	5.6	5.4
30 to 34 years	2,310	1,145	1,170	6.1	5.9	6.4
35 to 39 years	2,450	1,225	1,225	6.5	6.3	6.7
40 to 44 years	2,215	1,115	1,100	5.9	5.8	6.0
45 to 49 years	2,330	1,175	1,160	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,435	1,200	1,230	6.5	6.2	6.7
55 to 59 years	2,920	1,505	1,415	7.7	7.8	7.7
60 to 64 years	2,955	1,510	1,445	7.8	7.8	7.9
65 years and over	6,850	3,485	3,365	18.2	18.0	18.3
65 to 69 years	2,565	1,350	1,210	6.8	7.0	6.6
70 to 74 years	1,770	925	845	4.7	4.8	4.6
75 to 79 years	1,185	565	620	3.1	2.9	3.4
80 to 84 years	740	370	370	2.0	1.9	2.0
85 years and over	590	275	315	1.6	1.4	1.7
85 to 89 years	385	180	200	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	165	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
95 to 99 years	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.9	19.2	18.5	18.9	19.2	18.5
15 to 64 years	63.0	62.7	63.2	63.0	62.7	63.2
65 years and over	18.2	18.0	18.3	18.2	18.0	18.3
85 years and over	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.7
Average age of the population	41.1	40.8	41.5	41.1	40.8	41.5
Median age of the population	42.0	41.2	42.4	42.0	41.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	11,790	...	...	76.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	335	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	610	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	195	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	995	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,430	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,315	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	5,825	...	...	37.8	...	...
3 persons	2,070	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	1,790	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,400	...	...	9.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,300	19,120	18,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	30,615	15,620	15,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	18,660	9,340	9,320	61.0	59.8	62.1
Married	14,690	7,365	7,320	48.0	47.2	48.8
Living common-law	3,970	1,970	1,995	13.0	12.6	13.3
Living common law - Never married	2,890	1,465	1,425	9.4	9.4	9.5
Living common law - Separated	235	115	125	0.8	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	740	365	370	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	110	35	70	0.4	0.2	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	11,955	6,275	5,680	39.0	40.2	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,770	4,590	3,185	25.4	29.4	21.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	870	425	445	2.8	2.7	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,705	855	845	5.6	5.5	5.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,605	400	1,210	5.2	2.6	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,040	...	...	55.9	...	...
3 persons	1,960	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	1,715	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,085	...	...	10.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,180	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	7,190	...	...	66.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,255	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	3,940	...	...	36.5	...	...
Common-law couples	1,990	...	...	18.4	...	...
With children⁶	860	...	...	8.0	...	...
Without children	1,125	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,620	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,180	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	440	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	30,880	15,540	15,340	82.8	81.3	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,360	9,150	9,205	49.2	47.9	50.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,620	440	1,180	4.3	2.3	6.5
Children⁶	10,905	5,945	4,955	29.2	31.1	27.2
In a two-parent family	8,320	4,475	3,845	22.3	23.4	21.1
In a one-parent family	2,580	1,470	1,110	6.9	7.7	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,425	3,575	2,845	17.2	18.7	15.6
Living alone	4,310	2,395	1,915	11.6	12.5	10.5
Living with other relatives⁷	955	495	460	2.6	2.6	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,155	685	470	3.1	3.6	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,640	...	...	62.6	...	...
Couple-family households	8,400	...	...	54.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,745	...	...	24.3	...	...
Without children	4,660	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,240	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	325	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	480	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	550	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	4,315	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,320	14,990	14,330	97.1	97.3	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	53,600	34,000	41,600	53,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,330	14,995	14,335	97.2	97.4	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,000	32,000	38,400	48,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,880	13,630	12,250	85.7	88.5	82.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	51,200	26,400	36,800	51,200	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,595	11,620	9,975	71.5	75.5	67.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	56,000	28,200	40,000	56,000	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,095	11,795	12,290	79.8	76.6	83.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,200	11,200	10,200	9,200	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,590	2,010	1,580	11.9	13.1	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,800	5,480	5,080	4,800	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,495	4,000	3,500	24.8	26.0	23.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,325	15,015	14,305	97.1	97.5	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,250	61,350	40,680	51,250	61,350	40,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,350	15,030	14,320	97.2	97.6	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,240	51,800	36,280	44,240	51,800	36,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,815	13,630	12,185	85.5	88.5	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	58,050	35,640	47,480	58,050	35,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,595	11,610	9,980	71.5	75.4	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,240	59,350	35,360	48,240	59,350	35,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,995	11,770	12,225	79.5	76.4	82.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,550	11,010	12,070	11,550	11,010	12,070
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,435	1,930	1,505	11.4	12.5	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,235	5,930	6,620	6,235	5,930	6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,385	3,970	3,415	24.5	25.8	23.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,150	7,780	8,570	8,150	7,780	8,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,095	5,330	3,770	30.1	34.6	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	76,000	52,400	66,500	76,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,900	79,600	58,600	70,900	79,600	58,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,345	4,735	4,610	31.0	30.7	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	36,800	17,000	24,800	36,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	46,840	23,120	35,120	46,840	23,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.0	74.6	81.6	86.0	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	74.8	60.7	69.4	74.8	60.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	14.1	25.4	18.4	14.1	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.7	5.1	4.1	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.4	5.0	4.0	3.4	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	870	410	460	2.9	2.7	3.1
With total income	29,320	14,990	14,330	97.1	97.3	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,905	1,135	1,775	9.9	7.6	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,355	1,270	2,080	11.4	8.5	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,305	1,845	2,460	14.7	12.3	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,530	1,530	2,005	12.0	10.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,010	1,275	1,735	10.3	8.5	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,390	1,105	1,280	8.2	7.4	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	1,230	870	7.2	8.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,780	1,160	625	6.1	7.7	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,500	1,060	440	5.1	7.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	890	330	4.2	5.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,225	2,490	735	11.0	16.6	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,535	1,965	570	8.6	13.1	4.0
$150,000 and over	690	525	170	2.4	3.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	855	405	450	2.8	2.6	3.0
With after-tax income	29,335	14,995	14,340	97.2	97.4	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,975	1,160	1,820	10.1	7.7	12.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,460	1,320	2,135	11.8	8.8	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,800	2,060	2,740	16.4	13.7	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,030	1,745	2,280	13.7	11.6	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,310	1,480	1,830	11.3	9.9	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,845	1,570	1,270	9.7	10.5	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380	1,535	845	8.1	10.2	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,855	1,365	495	6.3	9.1	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	1,015	350	4.6	6.8	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	925	715	215	3.2	4.8	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,395	1,040	355	4.8	6.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	845	630	215	2.9	4.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	555	415	145	1.9	2.8	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,595	3,780	4,820	28.5	24.5	32.6
With employment income	21,595	11,620	9,970	71.5	75.5	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,005	1,335	1,670	13.9	11.5	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	1,535	625	915	7.1	5.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	2,345	950	1,400	10.9	8.2	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,115	890	1,220	9.8	7.7	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,800	760	1,035	8.3	6.5	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,740	775	965	8.1	6.7	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,525	815	715	7.1	7.0	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,595	975	620	7.4	8.4	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	975	385	6.3	8.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,210	895	315	5.6	7.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	995	725	270	4.6	6.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	2,370	1,900	470	11.0	16.4	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,385	1,105	280	6.4	9.5	2.8
$125,000 and over	985	795	185	4.6	6.8	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,570	14,610	13,955	94.6	94.9	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	52,400	30,600	39,200	52,400	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,660	14,625	14,035	94.9	95.0	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	46,000	28,400	35,600	46,000	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,635	13,470	12,165	84.9	87.5	82.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	50,400	26,800	36,400	50,400	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,105	11,830	10,275	73.2	76.8	69.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	54,000	27,200	37,600	54,000	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,590	8,885	10,710	64.9	57.7	72.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	8,500	8,200	8,300	8,500	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,580	2,035	1,545	11.9	13.2	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,240	5,360	5,320	5,240	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,555	14,645	13,905	94.6	95.1	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,080	59,500	38,120	49,080	59,500	38,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,640	14,670	13,970	94.9	95.3	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,640	49,520	33,320	41,640	49,520	33,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,525	13,430	12,100	84.5	87.2	81.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	58,300	35,360	47,440	58,300	35,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,005	11,830	10,170	72.9	76.8	68.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	57,850	33,760	46,720	57,850	33,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,635	8,920	10,715	65.0	57.9	72.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,710	9,890	9,560	9,710	9,890	9,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,450	1,915	1,535	11.4	12.4	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990	7,000	6,970	6,990	7,000	6,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,040	5,295	3,750	29.9	34.4	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	74,000	47,200	62,400	74,000	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,100	76,800	53,250	67,100	76,800	53,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,780	4,505	4,275	29.1	29.3	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	40,000	20,800	27,800	40,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,920	49,680	25,560	37,920	49,680	25,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.8	80.6	86.4	89.8	80.6
Employment income (%)	73.4	78.6	64.8	73.4	78.6	64.8
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.1	19.3	13.6	10.1	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,150	...	...	52,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,080	...	...	45,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	115,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	665	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	485	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	475	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	560	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	620	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	575	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,075	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	995	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	950	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	925	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,310	...	...	41.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,990	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,545	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,715	...	...	11.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,055	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	295	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	695	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	545	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	525	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	655	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	690	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	625	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,305	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,095	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,040	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,035	...	...	32.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,375	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,585	...	...	10.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,470	3,080	2,385	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	46,400	37,600	42,000	46,400	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,000	35,200	38,400	42,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	139,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,370	3,010	2,360	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,760	55,500	44,720	50,760	55,500	44,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,960	47,280	39,760	43,960	47,280	39,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,500	4,425	4,075	22.8	23.1	22.4
0 to 5 years	2,665	1,460	1,210	7.1	7.6	6.7
18 to 64 years	22,205	11,315	10,885	59.5	59.2	59.9
65 years and over	6,600	3,375	3,220	17.7	17.7	17.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,355	2,135	2,220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,125	570	555	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	390	210	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,160	1,075	1,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,070	495	575	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	11.2	12.2	11.7	11.2	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	12.8	13.7	13.2	12.8	13.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.2	15.4	14.8	14.2	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.5	10.0	9.7	9.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	16.2	14.6	17.9	16.2	14.6	17.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	34,190	17,505	16,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,700	4,030	3,675	22.5	23.0	22.0
0 to 5 years	2,425	1,325	1,105	7.1	7.6	6.6
18 to 64 years	20,265	10,290	9,975	59.3	58.8	59.8
65 years and over	6,225	3,190	3,035	18.2	18.2	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	825	425	400	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	155	70	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	575	310	265	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	40	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,570	9,235	9,335	49.8	48.3	51.3
In bottom decile	3,810	1,860	1,950	10.2	9.7	10.7
In second decile	3,610	1,755	1,850	9.7	9.2	10.2
In third decile	3,585	1,815	1,770	9.6	9.5	9.7
In fourth decile	3,890	1,930	1,965	10.4	10.1	10.8
In fifth decile	3,675	1,870	1,805	9.9	9.8	9.9
In top half of the distribution	18,730	9,880	8,845	50.2	51.7	48.6
In sixth decile	3,760	1,935	1,820	10.1	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	3,930	2,070	1,865	10.5	10.8	10.3
In eighth decile	4,145	2,200	1,945	11.1	11.5	10.7
In ninth decile	3,870	2,060	1,815	10.4	10.8	10.0
In top decile	3,020	1,615	1,400	8.1	8.4	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,300	...	...	37,300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.417	...	...	0.417	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	37,545	19,255	18,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	35,890	18,480	17,405	95.6	96.0	95.2
French only	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,595	745	850	4.2	3.9	4.6
Neither English nor French	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	37,545	19,255	18,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,135	19,045	18,095	98.9	98.9	98.9
French	325	175	155	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Neither English nor French	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	37,545	19,255	18,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,785	18,870	17,920	98.0	98.0	98.0
Official languages	33,820	17,425	16,395	90.1	90.5	89.6
English	33,465	17,240	16,220	89.1	89.5	88.7
French	360	190	170	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	2,960	1,440	1,525	7.9	7.5	8.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	200	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	365	185	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	365	185	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	330	175	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,560	1,240	1,315	6.8	6.4	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	75	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	65	100	0.5	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,995	990	1,010	5.3	5.1	5.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	85	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,320	660	660	3.5	3.4	3.6
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	780	400	380	2.1	2.1	2.1
German	680	345	335	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	485	230	255	1.3	1.2	1.4
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	275	125	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plautdietsch	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	125	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	210	115	95	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	120	160	0.7	0.6	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	100	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	765	390	375	2.0	2.0	2.1
English and French	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	580	285	300	1.5	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	37,545	19,255	18,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,825	17,940	16,880	92.8	93.2	92.3
French	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	420	215	205	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	370	190	180	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	175	95	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,005	950	1,055	5.3	4.9	5.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	37,545	19,255	18,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	37,120	19,040	18,075	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	36,185	18,585	17,600	96.4	96.5	96.2
English	36,115	18,550	17,560	96.2	96.3	96.0
French	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	935	455	480	2.5	2.4	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	90	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	200	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	185	80	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	735	365	365	2.0	1.9	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	490	250	245	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	120	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	125	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	160	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	430	220	210	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	390	195	195	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	37,545	19,260	18,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,690	18,380	17,310	95.1	95.4	94.6
English	480	220	255	1.3	1.1	1.4
French	140	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	1,115	515	600	3.0	2.7	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	350	165	185	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-Indigenous	770	350	415	2.1	1.8	2.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,300	19,120	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,250	19,080	18,170	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	37,235	19,060	18,170	99.8	99.7	99.9
French	1,615	770	840	4.3	4.0	4.6
Non-official languages	4,670	2,270	2,395	12.5	11.9	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,080	500	575	2.9	2.6	3.2
Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,005	475	535	2.7	2.5	2.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,005	475	535	2.7	2.5	2.9
Dakelh (Carrier)	940	455	480	2.5	2.4	2.6
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,595	1,775	1,825	9.6	9.3	10.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	290	90	195	0.8	0.5	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	260	85	175	0.7	0.4	1.0
Waray-Waray	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,855	1,440	1,420	7.7	7.5	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	155	115	0.7	0.8	0.6
Baltic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	150	105	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,695	810	880	4.5	4.2	4.8
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	980	480	505	2.6	2.5	2.8
German	900	450	450	2.4	2.4	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	685	325	360	1.8	1.7	2.0
Afrikaans	100	65	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	315	120	195	0.8	0.6	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	195	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	325	215	115	0.9	1.1	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	320	210	110	0.9	1.1	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	145	105	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	165	90	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	670	310	360	1.8	1.6	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	470	225	245	1.3	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Chinese languages	65	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,300	19,115	18,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,410	3,730	3,675	19.9	19.5	20.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,170	3,620	3,555	19.2	18.9	19.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,075	3,095	2,975	16.3	16.2	16.4
Métis	1,075	515	555	2.9	2.7	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	29,890	15,385	14,505	80.1	80.5	79.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,300	19,115	18,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,475	2,750	2,725	14.7	14.4	15.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,825	16,365	15,460	85.3	85.6	85.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,525	...	...	74.9	...	...
Renter	3,265	...	...	21.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	605	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	525	...	...	3.4	...	...
Not condominium	14,880	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	1,540	...	...	10.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,695	...	...	24.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,260	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,780	...	...	31.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,525	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 rooms	2,570	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	2,330	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,235	...	...	14.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,740	...	...	30.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,180	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	220	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	14,815	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	585	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,415	...	...	9.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,225	...	...	40.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,690	...	...	17.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,735	...	...	17.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	490	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	685	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	615	...	...	4.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	545	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,700	...	...	89.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,695	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,095	...	...	52.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,750	...	...	43.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	550	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	430	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,000	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,500	...	...	16.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,805	...	...	18.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,410	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,590	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,240	...	...	8.1	...	...
85 years and over	420	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,195	...	...	88.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,585	...	...	11.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,415	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,570	...	...	23.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,410	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not suitable only	440	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,425	...	...	9.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,830	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,125	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	12,480	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,695	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.1	...	...	52.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,013	...	...	1,013	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	342,800	...	...	342,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	23.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	944	...	...	944	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	610	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	464	...	...	464	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,790	2,460	2,335	12.8	12.9	12.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,760	2,440	2,320	12.8	12.8	12.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,545	2,355	2,195	12.2	12.3	12.1
Métis single ancestry	175	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,085	1,500	1,590	8.3	7.8	8.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,005	1,465	1,540	8.1	7.7	8.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,255	1,085	1,170	6.0	5.7	6.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	695	345	345	1.9	1.8	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	29,420	15,155	14,260	78.9	79.3	78.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,000	18,495	17,500	96.5	96.8	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,350	4,300	4,045	22.4	22.5	22.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	27,650	14,195	13,455	74.1	74.3	74.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,295	620	680	3.5	3.2	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,415	17,190	16,220	89.6	89.9	89.2
Immigrants⁸¹	3,585	1,740	1,850	9.6	9.1	10.2
Before 1980	1,650	865	785	4.4	4.5	4.3
1980 to 1990	450	210	245	1.2	1.1	1.3
1991 to 2000	420	175	245	1.1	0.9	1.3
2001 to 2010	355	180	180	1.0	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	700	310	395	1.9	1.6	2.2
2011 to 2015	305	115	195	0.8	0.6	1.1
2016 to 2021	395	190	200	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	305	190	120	0.8	1.0	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,585	1,740	1,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	470	250	220	13.1	14.4	11.9
5 to 14 years	730	375	355	20.4	21.6	19.2
15 to 24 years	765	375	390	21.3	21.6	21.1
25 to 44 years	1,400	615	785	39.1	35.3	42.5
45 years and over	225	125	100	6.3	7.2	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,585	1,740	1,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,175	500	675	32.8	28.7	36.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	25	1.0	0.9	1.4
Mexico	60	20	35	1.7	1.1	1.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	980	420	560	27.3	24.1	30.4
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	45	2.1	2.0	2.4
Europe	1,520	805	720	42.4	46.3	39.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Germany	325	190	135	9.1	10.9	7.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Italy	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Netherlands	270	120	150	7.5	6.9	8.1
Poland	40	25	10	1.1	1.4	0.5
Portugal	95	55	45	2.6	3.2	2.4
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	350	190	165	9.8	10.9	8.9
Other places of birth in Europe	290	175	115	8.1	10.1	6.2
Africa	200	110	85	5.6	6.3	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	70	40	3.1	4.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	25	1.4	1.1	1.4
Asia	585	275	315	16.3	15.8	17.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	20	30	1.5	1.1	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	200	55	140	5.6	3.2	7.6
Viet Nam	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	80	55	3.8	4.6	3.0
Pakistan	55	30	25	1.5	1.7	1.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	35	30	1.8	2.0	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	105	50	60	2.9	2.9	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	400	195	205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	20	50	18.8	10.3	24.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	15	40	15.0	7.7	19.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	45	35	20.0	23.1	17.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	3.8	5.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10	5.0	7.7	4.9
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	7.5	7.7	9.8
Africa	45	30	15	11.3	15.4	7.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	10	6.3	5.1	4.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	3.8	5.1	0.0
Asia	185	85	95	46.3	43.6	46.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	20	7.5	7.7	9.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	20	10	6.3	10.3	4.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	30	25	13.8	15.4	12.2
Philippines	65	20	40	16.3	10.3	19.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	3.8	5.1	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	3.8	5.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,300	19,120	18,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,170	2,065	2,105	11.2	10.8	11.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,980	3,085	2,900	16.0	16.1	16.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	27,145	13,965	13,180	72.8	73.0	72.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,930	870	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	975	500	475	50.5	57.5	44.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	460	310	145	23.8	35.6	13.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	515	190	325	26.7	21.8	30.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	800	275	520	41.5	31.6	49.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	155	95	60	8.0	10.9	5.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,930	870	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	485	215	265	25.1	24.7	25.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	20	2.3	2.9	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	70	20	4.7	8.0	1.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20	1.3	0.0	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,265	555	715	65.5	63.8	67.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,300	19,115	18,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,610	815	795	4.3	4.3	4.4
South Asian	455	285	175	1.2	1.5	1.0
Chinese	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	240	115	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Filipino	305	110	195	0.8	0.6	1.1
Arab	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	95	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,690	18,305	17,390	95.7	95.8	95.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,300	19,115	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,895	2,565	2,330	13.1	13.4	12.8
English	8,755	4,350	4,405	23.5	22.8	24.2
Irish	5,560	2,755	2,800	14.9	14.4	15.4
Scottish	6,700	3,260	3,435	18.0	17.1	18.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,945	1,410	1,535	7.9	7.4	8.4
German	6,240	3,210	3,025	16.7	16.8	16.6
Chinese	195	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italian	670	330	340	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indian (India)	330	205	125	0.9	1.1	0.7
Ukrainian	1,770	920	850	4.7	4.8	4.7
Dutch	4,025	1,985	2,035	10.8	10.4	11.2
Polish	1,085	545	540	2.9	2.9	3.0
Québécois	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,225	560	665	3.3	2.9	3.7
Filipino	290	100	190	0.8	0.5	1.0
French Canadian	190	130	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	830	440	385	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,115	1,585	1,530	8.4	8.3	8.4
Métis	975	475	495	2.6	2.5	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,005	505	500	2.7	2.6	2.7
Russian	1,290	665	625	3.5	3.5	3.4
Norwegian	1,830	890	935	4.9	4.7	5.1
Welsh	820	430	390	2.2	2.2	2.1
Portuguese	320	170	145	0.9	0.9	0.8
American	1,090	560	530	2.9	2.9	2.9
Spanish	215	90	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	1,510	805	710	4.0	4.2	3.9
Hungarian	390	200	190	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	370	190	180	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	615	285	335	1.6	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	785	355	420	2.1	1.9	2.3
Sikh	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	315	140	175	0.8	0.7	1.0
Belgian	140	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	115	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	780	395	385	2.1	2.1	2.1
Swiss	585	295	290	1.6	1.5	1.6
Finnish	390	190	200	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	355	180	170	1.0	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	220	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	135	85	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	85	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	100	45	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	150	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,300	19,115	18,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	16,025	7,770	8,250	43.0	40.6	45.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,280	2,675	2,600	14.2	14.0	14.3
Anabaptist	700	335	365	1.9	1.8	2.0
Anglican	825	420	400	2.2	2.2	2.2
Baptist	350	165	190	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	4,055	1,945	2,110	10.9	10.2	11.6
Christian Orthodox	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	155	60	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	525	250	275	1.4	1.3	1.5
Lutheran	390	205	180	1.0	1.1	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	145	185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	110	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	1,280	600	680	3.4	3.1	3.7
United Church	845	340	505	2.3	1.8	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,080	550	535	2.9	2.9	2.9
Hindu	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	100	20	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
Muslim	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	200	130	65	0.5	0.7	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	235	125	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	420	185	235	1.1	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	20,125	10,780	9,345	54.0	56.4	51.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	36,935	18,905	18,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,930	16,845	16,085	89.2	89.1	89.2
Movers	4,010	2,055	1,950	10.9	10.9	10.8
Non-migrants	1,885	955	925	5.1	5.1	5.1
Migrants	2,125	1,100	1,020	5.8	5.8	5.7
Internal migrants	1,980	1,035	940	5.4	5.5	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,490	745	745	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	490	290	195	1.3	1.5	1.1
External migrants	145	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	35,015	17,860	17,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,545	11,235	10,305	61.5	62.9	60.1
Movers	13,470	6,625	6,845	38.5	37.1	39.9
Non-migrants	3,740	1,900	1,835	10.7	10.6	10.7
Migrants	9,735	4,725	5,015	27.8	26.5	29.2
Internal migrants	9,115	4,375	4,740	26.0	24.5	27.6
Intraprovincial migrants	7,520	3,515	3,995	21.5	19.7	23.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,600	855	745	4.6	4.8	4.3
External migrants	620	350	270	1.8	2.0	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,540	4,415	3,120	25.0	28.7	21.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,655	10,985	11,670	75.0	71.3	78.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,565	9,910	9,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,430	2,150	1,280	17.5	21.7	13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,135	7,750	8,385	82.5	78.2	86.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,625	3,765	2,860	21.9	24.4	19.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,450	5,080	5,370	34.6	33.0	36.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,115	6,555	6,565	43.4	42.6	44.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,035	4,735	4,305	29.9	30.7	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,410	2,800	620	11.3	18.2	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,205	795	410	4.0	5.2	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210	2,000	210	7.3	13.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,895	1,695	3,205	16.2	11.0	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	730	245	485	2.4	1.6	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,080	1,820	2,260	13.5	11.8	15.3
Bachelor's degree	2,725	1,180	1,545	9.0	7.7	10.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	335	160	175	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Master's degree	870	385	485	2.9	2.5	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,570	9,905	9,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,890	1,805	1,090	14.8	18.2	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,830	3,325	3,510	34.9	33.6	36.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,845	4,780	5,070	50.3	48.3	52.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,565	3,365	3,200	33.5	34.0	33.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,395	1,945	450	12.2	19.6	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	850	565	290	4.3	5.7	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,545	1,380	165	7.9	13.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,655	1,265	2,395	18.7	12.8	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	510	155	355	2.6	1.6	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,280	1,415	1,865	16.8	14.3	19.3
Bachelor's degree	2,265	975	1,290	11.6	9.8	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	240	110	130	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	690	290	400	3.5	2.9	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,070	8,850	8,220	56.5	57.5	55.6
Education	1,270	335	930	4.2	2.2	6.3
13. Education	1,270	335	930	4.2	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	100	145	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	65	145	0.7	0.4	1.0
Humanities	460	195	265	1.5	1.3	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	70	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,015	290	725	3.4	1.9	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	20	290	1.0	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	110	30	80	0.4	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	160	40	120	0.5	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	335	165	180	1.1	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	2,145	530	1,620	7.1	3.4	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	225	40	185	0.7	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,920	490	1,430	6.4	3.2	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	425	235	190	1.4	1.5	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	140	115	0.8	0.9	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	55	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	115	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	75	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,555	3,345	210	11.8	21.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	235	195	35	0.8	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	455	385	75	1.5	2.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	860	845	20	2.8	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,285	1,260	25	4.3	8.2	0.2
48. Precision production	680	650	35	2.3	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,145	780	370	3.8	5.1	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	215	95	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	935	690	250	3.1	4.5	1.7
Health and related fields	1,830	245	1,585	6.1	1.6	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	50	85	0.5	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,680	190	1,490	5.6	1.2	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	855	390	460	2.8	2.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	480	110	375	1.6	0.7	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	80	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	245	40	1.0	1.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,570	9,905	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,725	5,125	4,595	49.7	51.7	47.5
Education	895	220	680	4.6	2.2	7.0
13. Education	895	220	680	4.6	2.2	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	75	125	1.0	0.8	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	185	60	120	0.9	0.6	1.2
Humanities	365	155	205	1.9	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
54. History	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	815	215	590	4.2	2.2	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235	15	220	1.2	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	95	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	120	25	95	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	275	130	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	1,630	365	1,265	8.3	3.7	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	30	140	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,455	335	1,120	7.4	3.4	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	315	160	150	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	90	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140	90	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	65	15	0.4	0.7	0.2
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,555	2,365	190	13.1	23.9	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	190	155	35	1.0	1.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	320	260	60	1.6	2.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	655	640	20	3.3	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	815	25	4.3	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	515	480	35	2.6	4.8	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	950	640	315	4.9	6.5	3.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	65	90	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	795	575	220	4.1	5.8	2.3
Health and related fields	1,290	175	1,120	6.6	1.8	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,170	125	1,040	6.0	1.3	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	695	310	385	3.6	3.1	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	400	95	305	2.0	1.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	195	45	1.2	2.0	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,570	9,905	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,725	5,125	4,595	49.7	51.7	47.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,845	4,780	5,065	50.3	48.3	52.4
Location of study inside Canada	8,825	4,325	4,500	45.1	43.7	46.6
Same as province or territory of residence	6,700	3,240	3,460	34.2	32.7	35.8
Different than province or territory of residence	2,125	1,090	1,045	10.9	11.0	10.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,020	455	570	5.2	4.6	5.9
Americas	315	160	155	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	285	160	125	1.5	1.6	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	330	150	180	1.7	1.5	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	110	60	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	270	105	170	1.4	1.1	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	155	55	105	0.8	0.6	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australia	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	30,190	15,400	14,790	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,055	10,390	8,665	...	...	...
Employed	17,110	9,130	7,980	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,945	1,260	685	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,135	5,010	6,125	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	67.5	58.6	63.1	67.5	58.6
Employment rate	56.7	59.3	54.0	56.7	59.3	54.0
Unemployment rate	10.2	12.1	7.9	10.2	12.1	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	30,190	15,400	14,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,875	4,840	6,040	36.0	31.4	40.8
Worked	19,310	10,560	8,755	64.0	68.6	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,415	5,505	3,910	31.2	35.7	26.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,895	5,055	4,845	32.8	32.8	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.3	39.8	40.6	41.3	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,055	10,390	8,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	335	170	165	1.8	1.6	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,720	10,220	8,500	98.2	98.4	98.1
Employee	15,590	8,375	7,220	81.8	80.6	83.3
Permanent position	12,795	7,045	5,750	67.1	67.8	66.4
Temporary position	2,800	1,325	1,470	14.7	12.8	17.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	740	300	440	3.9	2.9	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,060	1,030	1,030	10.8	9.9	11.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,125	1,850	1,275	16.4	17.8	14.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,055	10,390	8,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	335	170	165	1.8	1.6	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,720	10,220	8,500	98.2	98.4	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	145	55	90	0.8	0.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,360	500	1,865	12.4	4.8	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	905	655	245	4.7	6.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	1,030	155	875	5.4	1.5	10.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,500	735	1,770	13.1	7.1	20.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	395	110	285	2.1	1.1	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	3,805	1,365	2,440	20.0	13.1	28.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,670	4,360	310	24.5	42.0	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,640	1,200	435	8.6	11.5	5.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,260	1,075	185	6.6	10.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,055	10,390	8,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	335	170	165	1.8	1.6	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	18,720	10,220	8,500	98.2	98.4	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,295	1,660	635	12.0	16.0	7.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	615	460	155	3.2	4.4	1.8
22 Utilities	120	120	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
23 Construction	1,495	1,310	185	7.8	12.6	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,130	1,755	370	11.2	16.9	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	355	225	130	1.9	2.2	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,870	825	1,045	9.8	7.9	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	970	755	220	5.1	7.3	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	145	65	75	0.8	0.6	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	325	65	255	1.7	0.6	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	215	100	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	785	355	425	4.1	3.4	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	530	240	290	2.8	2.3	3.3
61 Educational services	1,565	400	1,165	8.2	3.8	13.4
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940	245	1,695	10.2	2.4	19.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	300	115	185	1.6	1.1	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	825	375	445	4.3	3.6	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	825	485	345	4.3	4.7	4.0
91 Public administration	1,395	655	740	7.3	6.3	8.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	20,820	11,285	9,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,485	11,145	9,340	98.4	98.8	98.0
French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	205	85	120	1.0	0.8	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	20,820	11,285	9,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,785	11,275	9,510	99.8	99.9	99.8
Official languages	20,725	11,260	9,470	99.5	99.8	99.4
English	20,695	11,250	9,450	99.4	99.7	99.2
French	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	55	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	20,820	11,285	9,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,550	11,170	9,375	98.7	99.0	98.4
English	55	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	145	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	55	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-Indigenous	95	60	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,110	9,130	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,205	1,000	1,205	12.9	11.0	15.1
Worked outside Canada	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,720	2,115	605	15.9	23.2	7.6
Usual place of work	12,180	6,010	6,165	71.2	65.8	77.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,175	6,010	6,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,455	3,105	3,350	53.0	51.7	54.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,170	2,595	2,575	42.5	43.2	41.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	510	285	225	4.2	4.7	3.6
Commute to a different province or territory	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,895	8,125	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,075	7,165	5,910	87.8	88.2	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,280	6,770	5,510	82.4	83.3	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	795	395	400	5.3	4.9	5.9
Public transit	180	135	45	1.2	1.7	0.7
Walked	1,105	510	595	7.4	6.3	8.8
Bicycle	245	165	80	1.6	2.0	1.2
Other method	295	150	140	2.0	1.8	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,895	8,125	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,825	4,245	4,585	59.2	52.2	67.7
15 to 29 minutes	3,450	1,985	1,470	23.2	24.4	21.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,040	670	365	7.0	8.2	5.4
45 to 59 minutes	535	335	205	3.6	4.1	3.0
60 minutes and over	1,045	895	150	7.0	11.0	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,895	8,125	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,010	840	165	6.8	10.3	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,300	1,735	565	15.4	21.4	8.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,340	1,830	1,510	22.4	22.5	22.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,075	1,395	2,675	27.4	17.2	39.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,630	615	1,015	10.9	7.6	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,540	1,710	830	17.1	21.0	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,680	4,510	4,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	295	145	150	3.4	3.2	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,380	4,365	4,020	96.5	96.8	96.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,310	3,215	3,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	95	115	3.3	3.0	3.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40	1.2	1.1	1.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	55	75	2.1	1.7	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,100	3,120	2,980	96.7	97.0	96.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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