Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cariboo, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	62,931	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	61,988	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	32,395	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,614	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	80,373.79	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	62,930	31,785	31,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,590	4,965	4,630	15.2	15.6	14.9
0 to 4 years	2,800	1,425	1,375	4.4	4.5	4.4
5 to 9 years	3,215	1,680	1,535	5.1	5.3	4.9
10 to 14 years	3,570	1,855	1,715	5.7	5.8	5.5
15 to 64 years	37,945	18,985	18,960	60.3	59.7	60.9
15 to 19 years	3,075	1,590	1,480	4.9	5.0	4.8
20 to 24 years	2,710	1,425	1,285	4.3	4.5	4.1
25 to 29 years	3,125	1,575	1,555	5.0	5.0	5.0
30 to 34 years	3,350	1,675	1,680	5.3	5.3	5.4
35 to 39 years	3,565	1,785	1,785	5.7	5.6	5.7
40 to 44 years	3,430	1,735	1,695	5.5	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	3,625	1,765	1,860	5.8	5.6	6.0
50 to 54 years	4,160	2,055	2,105	6.6	6.5	6.8
55 to 59 years	5,185	2,545	2,645	8.2	8.0	8.5
60 to 64 years	5,715	2,835	2,875	9.1	8.9	9.2
65 years and over	15,400	7,840	7,555	24.5	24.7	24.3
65 to 69 years	5,390	2,735	2,655	8.6	8.6	8.5
70 to 74 years	4,290	2,255	2,035	6.8	7.1	6.5
75 to 79 years	2,790	1,445	1,345	4.4	4.5	4.3
80 to 84 years	1,610	760	850	2.6	2.4	2.7
85 years and over	1,320	650	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
85 to 89 years	880	470	410	1.4	1.5	1.3
90 to 94 years	360	155	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.6	14.9	15.2	15.6	14.9
15 to 64 years	60.3	59.7	60.9	60.3	59.7	60.9
65 years and over	24.5	24.7	24.3	24.5	24.7	24.3
85 years and over	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
Average age of the population	45.3	45.1	45.6	45.3	45.1	45.6
Median age of the population	48.8	48.4	48.8	48.8	48.4	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,000	...	...	72.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	615	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	810	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	840	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,200	...	...	8.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,050	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,275	...	...	30.0	...	...
2 persons	11,435	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	3,475	...	...	12.6	...	...
4 persons	2,630	...	...	9.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,810	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	62,180	31,395	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	53,340	26,825	26,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	32,135	16,060	16,075	60.2	59.9	60.6
Married	24,660	12,340	12,315	46.2	46.0	46.4
Living common-law	7,480	3,720	3,760	14.0	13.9	14.2
Living common law - Never married	5,105	2,565	2,540	9.6	9.6	9.6
Living common law - Separated	435	215	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,695	850	845	3.2	3.2	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	245	90	155	0.5	0.3	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	21,200	10,765	10,440	39.7	40.1	39.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,325	7,055	5,270	23.1	26.3	19.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,770	860	910	3.3	3.2	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,755	1,890	1,865	7.0	7.0	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,350	965	2,385	6.3	3.6	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,800	...	...	63.1	...	...
3 persons	3,215	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	2,425	...	...	13.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,265	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	15,780	...	...	84.3	...	...
Married couples	12,040	...	...	64.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,375	...	...	23.4	...	...
Without children	7,665	...	...	41.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,740	...	...	20.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,465	...	...	7.8	...	...
Without children	2,275	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,930	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,115	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	815	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	62,180	31,395	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	49,780	24,855	24,930	80.1	79.2	81.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	31,565	15,755	15,815	50.8	50.2	51.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,925	810	2,110	4.7	2.6	6.9
Children⁶	15,295	8,290	7,005	24.6	26.4	22.8
In a two-parent family	10,830	5,795	5,035	17.4	18.5	16.4
In a one-parent family	4,460	2,495	1,970	7.2	7.9	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,400	6,535	5,860	19.9	20.8	19.0
Living alone	8,275	4,385	3,885	13.3	14.0	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,625	760	865	2.6	2.4	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,495	1,390	1,105	4.0	4.4	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,495	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	14,325	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,195	...	...	18.8	...	...
Without children	9,135	...	...	33.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,165	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	620	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	955	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,120	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	8,275	...	...	30.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,600	26,430	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,205	25,760	25,440	97.3	97.5	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,400	31,000	36,800	44,400	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,240	25,785	25,455	97.4	97.6	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,400	34,400	40,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,340	22,530	20,810	82.4	85.2	79.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	39,600	22,800	30,000	39,600	22,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,215	17,520	15,695	63.1	66.3	60.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	46,800	26,000	34,400	46,800	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,155	21,420	22,740	83.9	81.0	86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	13,200	12,700	12,900	13,200	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,210	3,385	2,825	11.8	12.8	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,260	6,750	6,510	25.2	25.5	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,640	26,470	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,220	25,780	25,445	97.3	97.4	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,840	56,050	37,520	46,840	56,050	37,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,245	25,795	25,450	97.3	97.4	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	47,560	33,720	40,680	47,560	33,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,250	22,430	20,825	82.2	84.7	79.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,080	51,900	31,520	42,080	51,900	31,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,220	17,440	15,780	63.1	65.9	60.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	54,250	33,000	44,160	54,250	33,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,175	21,490	22,685	83.9	81.2	86.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,080	13,020	13,140	13,080	13,020	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,285	3,410	2,875	11.9	12.9	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,470	6,460	6,480	6,470	6,460	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,715	7,000	6,715	26.1	26.4	25.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830	8,480	9,210	8,830	8,480	9,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,635	26,475	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,435	7,765	5,665	25.5	29.3	21.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	73,500	50,400	62,400	73,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	77,600	54,250	67,700	77,600	54,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,090	6,950	7,140	26.8	26.3	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	28,800	17,600	21,000	28,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	40,720	23,600	32,040	40,720	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.6	68.8	76.0	80.6	68.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.2	65.6	54.6	61.2	65.6	54.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.1	19.4	31.3	24.1	19.4	31.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.4	5.1	8.4	6.4	5.1	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.5	5.1	4.1	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,605	26,435	26,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,400	670	730	2.7	2.5	2.8
With total income	51,200	25,760	25,440	97.3	97.4	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,805	1,875	2,935	9.4	7.3	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,050	2,700	4,350	13.8	10.5	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	8,805	3,830	4,970	17.2	14.9	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	7,070	3,230	3,845	13.8	12.5	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,620	2,595	3,030	11.0	10.1	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,090	2,045	2,050	8.0	7.9	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,190	1,825	1,365	6.2	7.1	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	1,730	860	5.0	6.7	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,035	1,365	675	4.0	5.3	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	1,065	440	2.9	4.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,440	3,505	935	8.7	13.6	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	3,555	2,780	775	6.9	10.8	3.0
$150,000 and over	885	725	160	1.7	2.8	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,605	26,435	26,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,360	650	715	2.6	2.5	2.7
With after-tax income	51,240	25,785	25,455	97.4	97.5	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,005	1,955	3,050	9.8	7.6	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,250	2,790	4,460	14.1	10.8	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,790	4,225	5,570	19.1	16.4	21.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,995	3,730	4,265	15.6	14.5	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,030	2,930	3,105	11.8	11.4	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,350	2,450	1,905	8.5	9.5	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,415	2,225	1,185	6.7	8.6	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,450	1,685	760	4.8	6.5	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,825	1,365	455	3.6	5.3	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	910	305	2.4	3.5	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,915	1,530	390	3.7	5.9	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,265	1,010	255	2.5	3.9	1.0
$125,000 and over	650	515	135	1.3	2.0	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,605	26,435	26,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,385	8,915	10,475	36.9	33.7	40.0
With employment income	33,215	17,520	15,690	63.1	66.3	60.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,350	2,465	2,880	16.1	14.1	18.4
$5,000 to $9,999	2,555	1,110	1,440	7.7	6.3	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,000	1,680	2,320	12.0	9.6	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,290	1,380	1,915	9.9	7.9	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,070	1,280	1,785	9.2	7.3	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,685	1,225	1,460	8.1	7.0	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,300	1,165	1,130	6.9	6.6	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,085	1,315	775	6.3	7.5	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,880	1,275	600	5.7	7.3	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	1,005	480	4.5	5.7	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	865	305	3.5	4.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	3,350	2,750	600	10.1	15.7	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,975	1,575	395	5.9	9.0	2.5
$125,000 and over	1,375	1,175	200	4.1	6.7	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,600	26,430	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,000	25,200	24,795	95.1	95.3	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,800	27,600	34,800	44,800	27,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,135	25,215	24,925	95.3	95.4	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	40,400	25,800	32,000	40,400	25,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,445	22,570	20,870	82.6	85.4	79.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	41,600	24,200	31,400	41,600	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,275	18,620	16,650	67.1	70.5	63.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	46,400	25,600	33,600	46,400	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,050	17,185	19,870	70.4	65.0	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	11,500	9,300	10,100	11,500	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,610	3,145	2,460	10.7	11.9	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,550	5,320	6,000	6,550	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,640	26,470	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,895	25,175	24,720	94.8	95.1	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	56,050	34,880	45,560	56,050	34,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,035	25,180	24,860	95.1	95.1	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	46,760	30,800	38,840	46,760	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,300	22,520	20,780	82.3	85.1	79.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	54,050	31,920	43,440	54,050	31,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,120	18,575	16,545	66.7	70.2	63.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	54,050	32,080	43,720	54,050	32,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,015	17,120	19,895	70.3	64.7	76.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,610	11,300	10,020	10,610	11,300	10,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,775	3,255	2,525	11.0	12.3	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	7,510	6,740	7,170	7,510	6,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,635	26,475	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,350	7,715	5,630	25.4	29.1	21.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	71,000	47,200	60,400	71,000	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,600	76,300	50,880	65,600	76,300	50,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,335	6,640	6,690	25.3	25.1	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	38,000	21,600	26,200	38,000	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,920	46,840	27,080	36,920	46,840	27,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	86.2	76.8	82.8	86.2	76.8
Employment income (%)	67.6	71.2	61.5	67.6	71.2	61.5
Government transfers (%)	17.3	13.7	23.1	17.3	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,080	...	...	41,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	700	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,095	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,160	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,320	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,240	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,305	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,955	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,905	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,735	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,385	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,130	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,255	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,375	...	...	8.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,375	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	335	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	725	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,565	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,210	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,365	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,510	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,425	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,565	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,365	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,155	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,825	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,080	...	...	25.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,850	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,105	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	18,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,770	5,780	4,990	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,400	32,400	35,200	38,400	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	35,600	30,600	32,800	35,600	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...	114,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,780	5,765	5,015	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,160	49,160	40,560	45,160	49,160	40,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,800	42,440	36,760	39,800	42,440	36,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	62,180	31,395	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,565	5,965	5,605	18.6	19.0	18.2
0 to 5 years	3,380	1,730	1,650	5.4	5.5	5.4
18 to 64 years	35,725	17,830	17,900	57.5	56.8	58.1
65 years and over	14,890	7,600	7,285	23.9	24.2	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,730	4,255	4,475	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,685	870	815	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	540	275	260	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,340	2,130	2,210	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,705	1,250	1,450	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.0	13.5	14.5	14.0	13.5	14.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.6	14.6	14.5	14.6	14.6	14.5
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	16.0	15.9	16.0	16.0	15.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.4	12.2	12.0	12.4
65 years and over (%)	18.1	16.4	19.9	18.1	16.4	19.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	59,805	30,180	29,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,985	5,670	5,315	18.4	18.8	17.9
0 to 5 years	3,215	1,655	1,565	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	34,280	17,070	17,210	57.3	56.6	58.1
65 years and over	14,540	7,445	7,100	24.3	24.7	24.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,845	960	880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	365	195	170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,255	665	590	...	...	...
65 years and over	225	100	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.9	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	62,180	31,395	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	35,080	17,225	17,855	56.4	54.9	58.0
In bottom decile	7,705	3,805	3,900	12.4	12.1	12.7
In second decile	7,475	3,540	3,935	12.0	11.3	12.8
In third decile	7,315	3,585	3,730	11.8	11.4	12.1
In fourth decile	6,375	3,175	3,205	10.3	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	6,210	3,120	3,085	10.0	9.9	10.0
In top half of the distribution	27,100	14,170	12,935	43.6	45.1	42.0
In sixth decile	6,050	3,135	2,915	9.7	10.0	9.5
In seventh decile	5,915	3,095	2,820	9.5	9.9	9.2
In eighth decile	5,845	3,050	2,800	9.4	9.7	9.1
In ninth decile	5,470	2,880	2,585	8.8	9.2	8.4
In top decile	3,830	2,015	1,815	6.2	6.4	5.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	62,180	...	...	62,180	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	62,490	31,560	30,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	60,145	30,505	29,645	96.2	96.7	95.8
French only	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,195	995	1,205	3.5	3.2	3.9
Neither English nor French	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	62,490	31,560	30,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,805	31,210	30,595	98.9	98.9	98.9
French	490	270	225	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	125	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	62,490	31,560	30,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,595	31,090	30,510	98.6	98.5	98.6
Official languages	57,215	29,040	28,175	91.6	92.0	91.1
English	56,615	28,710	27,900	90.6	91.0	90.2
French	605	325	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	4,375	2,050	2,330	7.0	6.5	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	720	315	400	1.2	1.0	1.3
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	525	225	300	0.8	0.7	1.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	530	225	300	0.8	0.7	1.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	410	190	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,660	1,735	1,925	5.9	5.5	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	250	75	180	0.4	0.2	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	60	155	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,900	1,420	1,475	4.6	4.5	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	145	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	285	140	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,590	770	825	2.5	2.4	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,185	565	615	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	1,025	485	540	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	155	80	80	0.2	0.3	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	640	345	295	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	635	345	295	1.0	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	560	300	260	0.9	1.0	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	365	160	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	105	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	890	470	420	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	660	350	315	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	62,490	31,560	30,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,290	29,515	28,775	93.3	93.5	93.0
French	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	820	420	400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	675	345	335	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	270	145	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,950	1,400	1,550	4.7	4.4	5.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	62,490	31,560	30,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,915	31,285	30,635	99.1	99.1	99.0
Official languages	60,245	30,445	29,795	96.4	96.5	96.3
English	60,180	30,410	29,770	96.3	96.4	96.2
French	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	1,670	835	835	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,435	720	720	2.3	2.3	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,050	525	520	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	415	200	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	155	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	255	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	485	255	230	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	480	255	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	450	235	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	575	280	300	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	530	255	275	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	62,490	31,560	30,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,660	30,205	29,460	95.5	95.7	95.2
English	780	375	400	1.2	1.2	1.3
French	220	115	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	1,600	740	860	2.6	2.3	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	465	220	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-Indigenous	1,140	515	620	1.8	1.6	2.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	62,180	31,390	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	62,045	31,345	30,695	99.8	99.9	99.7
English	62,030	31,340	30,690	99.8	99.8	99.7
French	2,205	895	1,305	3.5	2.9	4.2
Non-official languages	6,345	3,025	3,320	10.2	9.6	10.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,380	660	720	2.2	2.1	2.3
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	930	430	500	1.5	1.4	1.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	930	430	500	1.5	1.4	1.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	225	100	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	710	335	375	1.1	1.1	1.2
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	380	180	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	370	175	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,030	2,395	2,635	8.1	7.6	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	330	105	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	90	205	0.5	0.3	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,965	1,960	2,000	6.4	6.2	6.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	160	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	325	160	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,985	975	1,010	3.2	3.1	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,465	725	740	2.4	2.3	2.4
German	1,405	700	705	2.3	2.2	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	165	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	460	230	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	335	170	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	800	420	370	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	780	405	370	1.3	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	305	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	700	360	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	440	510	1.5	1.4	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	645	290	350	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	62,180	31,390	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,160	5,350	5,810	17.9	17.0	18.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,745	5,175	5,570	17.3	16.5	18.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,625	3,705	3,925	12.3	11.8	12.7
Métis	3,105	1,470	1,640	5.0	4.7	5.3
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	270	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	51,020	26,040	24,975	82.1	83.0	81.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	62,180	31,390	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,120	2,880	3,245	9.8	9.2	10.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,060	28,515	27,540	90.2	90.8	89.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,930	...	...	75.8	...	...
Renter	6,035	...	...	21.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	645	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	770	...	...	2.8	...	...
Not condominium	26,845	...	...	97.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,460	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,580	...	...	27.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,520	...	...	34.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,935	...	...	28.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,330	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 rooms	4,820	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,495	...	...	16.3	...	...
7 rooms	3,555	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,415	...	...	30.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,325	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	26,705	...	...	96.7	...	...
Not suitable	905	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,815	...	...	10.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,055	...	...	43.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,145	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,585	...	...	16.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	920	...	...	3.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,290	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	785	...	...	2.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,015	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,770	...	...	89.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,845	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,895	...	...	53.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,760	...	...	42.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	955	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	665	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,890	...	...	10.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,720	...	...	13.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,290	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,375	...	...	23.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,030	...	...	21.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,960	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	690	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,710	...	...	86.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,475	...	...	13.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,135	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,520	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,985	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not suitable only	605	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,235	...	...	8.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,090	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,135	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	23,710	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.8	...	...	49.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	650	...	...	650	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	909	...	...	909	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	354,800	...	...	354,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.5	...	...	26.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	645	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	248	...	...	248	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	328	...	...	328	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	62,180	31,395	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,955	2,865	3,090	9.6	9.1	10.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,895	2,840	3,060	9.5	9.0	9.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,150	2,475	2,675	8.3	7.9	8.7
Métis single ancestry	735	360	380	1.2	1.1	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,860	2,800	3,060	9.4	8.9	9.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,660	2,715	2,940	9.1	8.6	9.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,095	1,975	2,125	6.6	6.3	6.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,555	745	815	2.5	2.4	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	205	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	80	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	50,360	25,725	24,635	81.0	81.9	80.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	62,185	31,395	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	60,455	30,635	29,825	97.2	97.6	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,430	5,845	5,580	18.4	18.6	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,025	24,785	24,235	78.8	78.9	78.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,725	760	965	2.8	2.4	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	62,185	31,395	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,615	28,755	27,860	91.0	91.6	90.5
Immigrants⁸¹	5,240	2,495	2,750	8.4	7.9	8.9
Before 1980	2,580	1,285	1,295	4.1	4.1	4.2
1980 to 1990	585	275	310	0.9	0.9	1.0
1991 to 2000	600	255	345	1.0	0.8	1.1
2001 to 2010	605	285	320	1.0	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	875	395	480	1.4	1.3	1.6
2011 to 2015	360	150	205	0.6	0.5	0.7
2016 to 2021	510	240	275	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	325	150	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,245	2,490	2,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	705	350	355	13.4	14.1	12.9
5 to 14 years	1,080	550	535	20.6	22.1	19.5
15 to 24 years	1,105	545	555	21.1	21.9	20.2
25 to 44 years	1,925	870	1,050	36.7	34.9	38.2
45 years and over	430	170	255	8.2	6.8	9.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,245	2,490	2,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,105	470	640	21.1	18.9	23.3
Brazil	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	10	30	0.8	0.4	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
United States of America	920	410	505	17.5	16.5	18.4
Other places of birth in Americas	95	30	65	1.8	1.2	2.4
Europe	2,690	1,330	1,360	51.3	53.4	49.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	20	0.9	1.0	0.7
Germany	665	345	320	12.7	13.9	11.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	20	10	0.7	0.8	0.4
Italy	60	35	25	1.1	1.4	0.9
Netherlands	225	125	100	4.3	5.0	3.6
Poland	50	25	25	1.0	1.0	0.9
Portugal	85	40	45	1.6	1.6	1.6
Romania	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Ukraine	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	795	365	430	15.2	14.7	15.6
Other places of birth in Europe	635	290	345	12.1	11.6	12.5
Africa	230	110	125	4.4	4.4	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	65	85	2.9	2.6	3.1
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	35	1.3	1.4	1.3
Asia	1,085	505	585	20.7	20.3	21.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	55	35	1.7	2.2	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	40	30	1.2	1.6	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	300	85	215	5.7	3.4	7.8
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	455	250	205	8.7	10.0	7.5
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	110	40	70	2.1	1.6	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130	75	50	2.5	3.0	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	510	240	270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	20	40	11.8	8.3	14.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	3.7
United States of America	35	10	20	6.9	4.2	7.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	65	50	21.6	27.1	18.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	10	20	4.9	4.2	7.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	6.9	10.4	3.7
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	6.9	8.3	5.6
Africa	115	55	60	22.5	22.9	22.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	30	45	14.7	12.5	16.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	20	7.8	8.3	7.4
Asia	210	95	110	41.2	39.6	40.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	70	45	23.5	29.2	16.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	3.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	35	7.8	4.2	13.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	3.9	0.0	5.6
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	3.7
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	2.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	62,180	31,390	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,930	2,815	3,115	9.5	9.0	10.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,095	4,640	4,455	14.6	14.8	14.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,155	23,935	23,215	75.8	76.3	75.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,660	1,205	1,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,570	840	725	59.0	69.7	49.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	735	465	270	27.6	38.6	18.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	830	375	450	31.2	31.1	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	940	290	650	35.3	24.1	44.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	130	55	70	4.9	4.6	4.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	10	1.1	1.2	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,660	1,205	1,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	20	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	465	175	290	17.5	14.5	19.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	35	30	2.4	2.9	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	170	120	50	6.4	10.0	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	1.3	1.2	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,895	845	1,050	71.2	70.1	72.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	62,180	31,390	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,645	1,280	1,365	4.3	4.1	4.4
South Asian	890	465	425	1.4	1.5	1.4
Chinese	235	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black	210	125	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Filipino	470	200	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
Arab	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin American	160	50	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	155	80	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	170	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	59,535	30,110	29,425	95.7	95.9	95.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	62,185	31,395	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,270	4,920	4,350	14.9	15.7	14.1
English	17,080	8,195	8,880	27.5	26.1	28.8
Irish	10,535	5,085	5,450	16.9	16.2	17.7
Scottish	12,715	6,210	6,505	20.4	19.8	21.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,720	2,785	2,935	9.2	8.9	9.5
German	10,225	5,070	5,150	16.4	16.1	16.7
Chinese	385	175	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italian	1,480	730	750	2.4	2.3	2.4
Indian (India)	585	275	305	0.9	0.9	1.0
Ukrainian	3,055	1,590	1,465	4.9	5.1	4.8
Dutch	3,560	1,675	1,880	5.7	5.3	6.1
Polish	1,710	710	1,005	2.7	2.3	3.3
Québécois	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,450	1,270	1,175	3.9	4.0	3.8
Filipino	480	200	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
French Canadian	560	250	305	0.9	0.8	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,690	875	810	2.7	2.8	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,610	1,770	1,840	5.8	5.6	6.0
Métis	2,555	1,210	1,345	4.1	3.9	4.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,545	790	755	2.5	2.5	2.5
Russian	1,485	715	765	2.4	2.3	2.5
Norwegian	2,905	1,510	1,400	4.7	4.8	4.5
Welsh	1,790	910	875	2.9	2.9	2.8
Portuguese	310	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	1,390	710	685	2.2	2.3	2.2
Spanish	315	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	2,255	1,020	1,235	3.6	3.2	4.0
Hungarian	645	340	305	1.0	1.1	1.0
Acadian	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	190	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	865	400	465	1.4	1.3	1.5
Korean	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	390	165	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	960	510	450	1.5	1.6	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	920	400	520	1.5	1.3	1.7
Sikh	235	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	715	390	325	1.1	1.2	1.1
Belgian	280	130	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	160	75	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	315	165	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	760	380	380	1.2	1.2	1.2
Finnish	540	270	270	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	205	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	685	300	380	1.1	1.0	1.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	345	185	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	235	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	100	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	85	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	175	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	165	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	335	155	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	62,180	31,390	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Christian	20,930	9,525	11,405	33.7	30.3	37.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,815	2,675	3,140	9.4	8.5	10.2
Anabaptist	315	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anglican	1,645	745	905	2.6	2.4	2.9
Baptist	650	270	380	1.0	0.9	1.2
Catholic	5,750	2,770	2,980	9.2	8.8	9.7
Christian Orthodox	105	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	590	265	330	0.9	0.8	1.1
Latter Day Saints	305	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lutheran	800	330	470	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	610	255	355	1.0	0.8	1.2
Presbyterian	235	105	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	1,970	860	1,110	3.2	2.7	3.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,960	850	1,105	3.2	2.7	3.6
Hindu	135	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	645	335	315	1.0	1.1	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	480	225	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	680	280	405	1.1	0.9	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	39,080	20,875	18,200	62.8	66.5	59.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,680	31,135	30,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,695	27,735	26,960	88.7	89.1	88.3
Movers	6,985	3,395	3,585	11.3	10.9	11.7
Non-migrants	4,025	1,975	2,055	6.5	6.3	6.7
Migrants	2,955	1,430	1,530	4.8	4.6	5.0
Internal migrants	2,830	1,375	1,450	4.6	4.4	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,365	1,145	1,220	3.8	3.7	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	465	235	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,515	30,050	29,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,970	17,910	17,055	58.8	59.6	57.9
Movers	24,550	12,140	12,410	41.3	40.4	42.1
Non-migrants	7,220	3,710	3,510	12.1	12.3	11.9
Migrants	17,330	8,430	8,900	29.1	28.1	30.2
Internal migrants	16,640	8,105	8,535	28.0	27.0	29.0
Intraprovincial migrants	14,905	7,235	7,670	25.0	24.1	26.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,735	870	865	2.9	2.9	2.9
External migrants	690	325	370	1.2	1.1	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,640	26,470	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,975	7,865	6,115	26.5	29.7	23.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,660	18,610	20,050	73.4	70.3	76.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,905	15,765	16,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,370	3,655	2,710	20.0	23.2	16.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,535	12,110	13,425	80.0	76.8	83.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,640	26,470	26,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,135	6,605	5,530	23.1	25.0	21.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,065	8,660	9,410	34.3	32.7	36.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,430	11,205	11,230	42.6	42.3	42.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,885	9,005	7,880	32.1	34.0	30.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,425	5,170	1,255	12.2	19.5	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,410	1,550	860	4.6	5.9	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,010	3,620	390	7.6	13.7	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,795	3,310	5,480	16.7	12.5	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,670	520	1,150	3.2	2.0	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,550	2,200	3,345	10.5	8.3	12.8
Bachelor's degree	3,680	1,405	2,275	7.0	5.3	8.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	145	300	0.8	0.5	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	95	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,175	520	650	2.2	2.0	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,900	15,765	16,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,440	3,090	2,350	17.1	19.6	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,040	5,330	5,705	34.6	33.8	35.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,420	7,350	8,075	48.3	46.6	50.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,440	5,900	5,545	35.9	37.4	34.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,090	3,290	800	12.8	20.9	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,450	925	525	4.5	5.9	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,635	2,365	275	8.3	15.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,180	2,265	3,915	19.4	14.4	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170	340	835	3.7	2.2	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,975	1,450	2,525	12.5	9.2	15.6
Bachelor's degree	2,695	985	1,715	8.4	6.2	10.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	80	210	0.9	0.5	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	50	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	820	310	505	2.6	2.0	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,640	26,470	26,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,205	15,270	14,935	57.4	57.7	57.1
Education	1,850	470	1,380	3.5	1.8	5.3
13. Education	1,850	470	1,380	3.5	1.8	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	450	175	275	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	385	125	255	0.7	0.5	1.0
Humanities	730	310	420	1.4	1.2	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	140	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	250	85	170	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,400	360	1,045	2.7	1.4	4.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	15	385	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	200	30	165	0.4	0.1	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	255	90	160	0.5	0.3	0.6
45. Social sciences	415	175	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,530	890	2,640	6.7	3.4	10.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	60	455	1.0	0.2	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,005	825	2,180	5.7	3.1	8.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	510	255	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	100	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	65	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	100	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	175	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	155	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,695	6,290	410	12.7	23.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	375	325	45	0.7	1.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,055	915	140	2.0	3.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,835	1,765	65	3.5	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,240	2,155	85	4.3	8.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,155	1,105	45	2.2	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	930	550	2.8	3.5	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	180	310	0.9	0.7	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	995	750	240	1.9	2.8	0.9
Health and related fields	3,865	460	3,400	7.3	1.7	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,660	360	3,295	7.0	1.4	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,635	895	740	3.1	3.4	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	895	240	650	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	195	150	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	480	45	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,900	15,770	16,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,480	8,415	8,065	51.7	53.4	50.0
Education	1,190	285	910	3.7	1.8	5.6
13. Education	1,190	285	910	3.7	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	120	200	1.0	0.8	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	285	100	185	0.9	0.6	1.1
Humanities	445	185	265	1.4	1.2	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	25	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	40	105	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	70	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,025	240	780	3.2	1.5	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	10	285	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	150	20	135	0.5	0.1	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	190	55	130	0.6	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	285	120	165	0.9	0.8	1.0
Business, management and public administration	2,485	570	1,925	7.8	3.6	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	380	35	350	1.2	0.2	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,100	525	1,575	6.6	3.3	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	340	140	195	1.1	0.9	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	60	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	140	60	0.6	0.9	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	130	30	0.5	0.8	0.2
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,395	4,095	300	13.8	26.0	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	270	235	35	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	765	645	120	2.4	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,180	1,140	45	3.7	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,415	1,355	55	4.4	8.6	0.3
48. Precision production	755	715	40	2.4	4.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	655	455	3.5	4.2	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	105	235	1.1	0.7	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	770	550	220	2.4	3.5	1.4
Health and related fields	2,730	295	2,430	8.6	1.9	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	55	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,560	225	2,340	8.0	1.4	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,180	630	555	3.7	4.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	640	160	480	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	160	120	35	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	380	350	35	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,900	15,770	16,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,480	8,415	8,065	51.7	53.4	50.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,425	7,350	8,075	48.4	46.6	50.0
Location of study inside Canada	14,090	6,785	7,300	44.2	43.0	45.2
Same as province or territory of residence	11,985	5,795	6,195	37.6	36.7	38.4
Different than province or territory of residence	2,105	995	1,105	6.6	6.3	6.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,330	560	770	4.2	3.6	4.8
Americas	315	145	175	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	290	135	155	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mexico	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	540	220	320	1.7	1.4	2.0
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	160	70	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
Netherlands	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	80	20	55	0.3	0.1	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	65	80	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	340	130	210	1.1	0.8	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	135	40	95	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	55	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,640	26,470	26,170	...	...	...
In the labour force	28,590	15,295	13,295	...	...	...
Employed	25,655	13,520	12,125	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,940	1,775	1,170	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,045	11,175	12,870	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.3	57.8	50.8	54.3	57.8	50.8
Employment rate	48.7	51.1	46.3	48.7	51.1	46.3
Unemployment rate	10.3	11.6	8.8	10.3	11.6	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,640	26,470	26,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,585	10,925	12,660	44.8	41.3	48.4
Worked	29,055	15,545	13,505	55.2	58.7	51.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,935	8,085	5,855	26.5	30.5	22.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,115	7,460	7,655	28.7	28.2	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.8	39.6	40.3	40.8	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	28,595	15,300	13,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	330	310	2.2	2.2	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,950	14,960	12,990	97.7	97.8	97.7
Employee	23,355	12,220	11,130	81.7	79.9	83.7
Permanent position	19,335	10,375	8,955	67.6	67.8	67.4
Temporary position	4,020	1,845	2,175	14.1	12.1	16.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	880	345	530	3.1	2.3	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,140	1,495	1,645	11.0	9.8	12.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,595	2,740	1,855	16.1	17.9	14.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	28,595	15,300	13,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	330	310	2.2	2.2	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,950	14,960	12,990	97.7	97.8	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	205	115	90	0.7	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,380	675	2,705	11.8	4.4	20.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,235	915	320	4.3	6.0	2.4
3 Health occupations	1,920	295	1,630	6.7	1.9	12.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,980	800	2,180	10.4	5.2	16.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	440	135	305	1.5	0.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	6,520	2,425	4,100	22.8	15.8	30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,005	6,285	715	24.5	41.1	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,315	1,730	590	8.1	11.3	4.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,935	1,595	345	6.8	10.4	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	28,595	15,300	13,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	330	310	2.2	2.2	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	27,950	14,960	12,990	97.7	97.8	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,555	1,815	740	8.9	11.9	5.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,040	895	145	3.6	5.8	1.1
22 Utilities	155	120	35	0.5	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	2,695	2,285	405	9.4	14.9	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,255	2,600	655	11.4	17.0	4.9
41 Wholesale trade	495	360	130	1.7	2.4	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	3,410	1,530	1,880	11.9	10.0	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,180	850	325	4.1	5.6	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	300	150	150	1.0	1.0	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	505	100	410	1.8	0.7	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	275	125	150	1.0	0.8	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,000	400	605	3.5	2.6	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	920	500	420	3.2	3.3	3.2
61 Educational services	1,745	405	1,340	6.1	2.6	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	3,385	515	2,870	11.8	3.4	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	460	190	270	1.6	1.2	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,610	600	1,010	5.6	3.9	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,370	790	580	4.8	5.2	4.4
91 Public administration	1,575	715	860	5.5	4.7	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	31,835	16,905	14,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,320	16,720	14,605	98.4	98.9	97.8
French	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	140	50	90	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	275	105	170	0.9	0.6	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	31,835	16,905	14,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	31,775	16,890	14,880	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	31,675	16,855	14,820	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	31,625	16,835	14,790	99.3	99.6	99.1
French	50	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	100	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	31,835	16,905	14,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	31,465	16,755	14,710	98.8	99.1	98.5
English	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	90	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	195	75	120	0.6	0.4	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	80	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	110	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,655	13,525	12,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,820	1,255	1,565	11.0	9.3	12.9
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,210	3,150	1,060	16.4	23.3	8.7
Usual place of work	18,620	9,115	9,505	72.6	67.4	78.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	18,620	9,110	9,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,500	3,945	4,555	45.6	43.3	47.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,920	4,395	4,525	47.9	48.2	47.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,120	705	415	6.0	7.7	4.4
Commute to a different province or territory	80	70	10	0.4	0.8	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,830	12,265	10,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,905	11,240	9,670	91.6	91.6	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,320	10,510	8,820	84.6	85.7	83.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,590	735	855	7.0	6.0	8.1
Public transit	340	255	90	1.5	2.1	0.9
Walked	1,000	405	590	4.4	3.3	5.6
Bicycle	105	80	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	475	290	185	2.1	2.4	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,830	12,265	10,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,750	5,600	6,150	51.5	45.7	58.2
15 to 29 minutes	6,505	3,440	3,060	28.5	28.0	29.0
30 to 44 minutes	2,015	1,275	740	8.8	10.4	7.0
45 to 59 minutes	900	650	245	3.9	5.3	2.3
60 minutes and over	1,660	1,300	365	7.3	10.6	3.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,830	12,265	10,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,255	1,800	450	9.9	14.7	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,485	2,220	1,275	15.3	18.1	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,335	3,315	3,025	27.7	27.0	28.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,995	1,880	3,115	21.9	15.3	29.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,160	820	1,335	9.5	6.7	12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,600	2,230	1,365	15.8	18.2	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,785	6,070	5,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	485	265	220	4.1	4.4	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,290	5,805	5,485	95.8	95.6	96.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,765	4,530	4,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	380	205	180	4.3	4.5	4.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	80	75	1.7	1.8	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230	130	100	2.6	2.9	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,385	4,330	4,055	95.7	95.6	95.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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