Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Columbia-Shuswap, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	57,021	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	51,366	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,161	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,595	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	28,885.82	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	57,025	28,505	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,870	4,070	3,805	13.8	14.3	13.3
0 to 4 years	2,330	1,190	1,140	4.1	4.2	4.0
5 to 9 years	2,720	1,405	1,315	4.8	4.9	4.6
10 to 14 years	2,825	1,480	1,345	5.0	5.2	4.7
15 to 64 years	34,005	16,975	17,030	59.6	59.6	59.7
15 to 19 years	2,450	1,265	1,190	4.3	4.4	4.2
20 to 24 years	2,080	1,100	980	3.6	3.9	3.4
25 to 29 years	2,830	1,490	1,340	5.0	5.2	4.7
30 to 34 years	3,470	1,690	1,780	6.1	5.9	6.2
35 to 39 years	3,550	1,780	1,770	6.2	6.2	6.2
40 to 44 years	3,470	1,735	1,730	6.1	6.1	6.1
45 to 49 years	2,950	1,555	1,395	5.2	5.5	4.9
50 to 54 years	3,300	1,615	1,685	5.8	5.7	5.9
55 to 59 years	4,415	2,115	2,300	7.7	7.4	8.1
60 to 64 years	5,485	2,630	2,855	9.6	9.2	10.0
65 years and over	15,145	7,460	7,685	26.6	26.2	27.0
65 to 69 years	5,030	2,490	2,540	8.8	8.7	8.9
70 to 74 years	4,090	2,095	1,995	7.2	7.3	7.0
75 to 79 years	2,775	1,385	1,390	4.9	4.9	4.9
80 to 84 years	1,660	840	820	2.9	2.9	2.9
85 years and over	1,590	655	935	2.8	2.3	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,020	445	580	1.8	1.6	2.0
90 to 94 years	450	180	265	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	14.3	13.3	13.8	14.3	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.6	59.6	59.7	59.6	59.6	59.7
65 years and over	26.6	26.2	27.0	26.6	26.2	27.0
85 years and over	2.8	2.3	3.3	2.8	2.3	3.3
Average age of the population	46.7	46.1	47.3	46.7	46.1	47.3
Median age of the population	49.6	48.4	50.8	49.6	48.4	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,810	...	...	72.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	655	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	1,050	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	980	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,900	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,075	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,945	...	...	28.2	...	...
2 persons	10,470	...	...	42.6	...	...
3 persons	3,100	...	...	12.6	...	...
4 persons	2,605	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,475	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	55,765	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	49,150	24,435	24,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,765	15,355	15,410	62.6	62.8	62.4
Married	24,240	12,110	12,135	49.3	49.6	49.1
Living common-law	6,525	3,245	3,275	13.3	13.3	13.3
Living common law - Never married	4,520	2,250	2,270	9.2	9.2	9.2
Living common law - Separated	255	130	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,525	780	745	3.1	3.2	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	220	85	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	18,390	9,085	9,310	37.4	37.2	37.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,440	6,050	4,390	21.2	24.8	17.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,290	620	670	2.6	2.5	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,525	1,655	1,870	7.2	6.8	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,130	755	2,375	6.4	3.1	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,935	...	...	64.4	...	...
3 persons	2,755	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	2,370	...	...	14.0	...	...
5 or more persons	925	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	15,015	...	...	88.4	...	...
Married couples	11,750	...	...	69.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,300	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	7,450	...	...	43.9	...	...
Common-law couples	3,265	...	...	19.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,025	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	2,235	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,975	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,440	...	...	8.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	525	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	55,765	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	44,580	22,280	22,300	79.9	79.8	80.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	30,025	15,000	15,025	53.8	53.7	54.0
Parents in one-parent families	1,970	530	1,445	3.5	1.9	5.2
Children⁶	12,585	6,755	5,825	22.6	24.2	20.9
In a two-parent family	9,655	5,095	4,560	17.3	18.2	16.4
In a one-parent family	2,930	1,665	1,265	5.3	6.0	4.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,190	5,655	5,535	20.1	20.2	19.9
Living alone	6,945	3,360	3,585	12.5	12.0	12.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,125	530	595	2.0	1.9	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,120	1,760	1,355	5.6	6.3	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,890	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	13,440	...	...	54.6	...	...
With children⁶	4,750	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	8,695	...	...	35.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,450	...	...	5.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	480	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	975	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,115	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	6,950	...	...	28.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	47,910	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,825	23,385	23,440	97.7	98.0	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,400	33,200	38,400	46,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,830	23,390	23,440	97.7	98.0	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,600	30,800	35,200	41,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,205	21,465	20,740	88.1	89.9	86.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	38,400	23,400	30,000	38,400	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,885	16,120	14,760	64.5	67.5	61.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	39,200	24,600	30,800	39,200	24,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,185	19,290	20,900	83.9	80.8	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,700	12,600	12,600	12,700	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,620	2,920	2,700	11.7	12.2	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	5,480	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,105	5,955	6,150	25.3	24.9	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,825	23,360	23,460	97.7	97.9	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,320	56,800	39,880	48,320	56,800	39,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,830	23,370	23,460	97.8	97.9	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	48,280	35,520	41,880	48,280	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,170	21,525	20,645	88.0	90.2	85.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	50,640	32,520	41,760	50,640	32,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,885	16,145	14,730	64.5	67.6	61.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	50,440	32,480	41,880	50,440	32,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,960	19,160	20,800	83.4	80.3	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,530	12,340	12,700	12,530	12,340	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,735	2,980	2,755	12.0	12.5	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,830	6,970	6,680	6,830	6,970	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,955	5,835	6,115	25.0	24.4	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,460	9,000	8,740	8,460	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,770	6,805	4,960	24.6	28.5	20.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	68,500	49,200	59,200	68,500	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	75,100	54,300	66,300	75,100	54,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,630	7,005	7,625	30.5	29.3	31.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,400	17,400	20,200	24,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	37,360	23,800	30,280	37,360	23,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8	82.2	71.8	77.8	82.2	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.2	61.4	51.2	57.2	61.4	51.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.1	17.8	28.3	22.1	17.8	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	2.0	1.7	1.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.6	7.6	5.9	4.6	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.7	5.9	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,080	485	595	2.3	2.0	2.5
With total income	46,825	23,385	23,440	97.7	98.0	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,590	1,390	2,200	7.7	5.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,035	2,320	3,715	12.9	9.9	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,945	3,350	4,595	17.0	14.3	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,785	2,985	3,800	14.5	12.8	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,550	2,615	2,935	11.9	11.2	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,260	2,260	1,995	9.1	9.7	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,195	1,910	1,285	6.8	8.2	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,465	1,595	865	5.3	6.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,795	1,165	625	3.8	5.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,345	870	475	2.9	3.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,875	2,925	955	8.3	12.5	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,720	2,045	675	5.8	8.7	2.9
$150,000 and over	1,160	880	275	2.5	3.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,075	485	595	2.2	2.0	2.5
With after-tax income	46,830	23,385	23,440	97.8	98.0	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,795	1,450	2,345	8.1	6.2	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,275	2,410	3,860	13.4	10.3	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	8,985	3,835	5,150	19.2	16.4	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,655	3,415	4,235	16.3	14.6	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,075	3,105	2,975	13.0	13.3	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	2,550	1,885	9.5	10.9	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,060	1,980	1,080	6.5	8.5	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,180	1,430	755	4.7	6.1	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,405	985	420	3.0	4.2	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	880	655	230	1.9	2.8	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,085	1,575	510	4.5	6.7	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180	895	280	2.5	3.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	905	675	230	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,025	7,750	9,275	35.5	32.5	38.6
With employment income	30,880	16,120	14,760	64.5	67.5	61.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,050	2,290	2,755	16.4	14.2	18.7
$5,000 to $9,999	2,590	1,150	1,435	8.4	7.1	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,065	1,835	2,235	13.2	11.4	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,440	1,460	1,980	11.1	9.1	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	3,080	1,425	1,650	10.0	8.8	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,410	1,180	1,230	7.8	7.3	8.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,120	1,100	1,015	6.9	6.8	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,810	1,125	690	5.9	7.0	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,465	980	490	4.7	6.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,195	795	405	3.9	4.9	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	940	625	310	3.0	3.9	2.1
$100,000 and over	2,710	2,160	555	8.8	13.4	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,330	1,045	285	4.3	6.5	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,385	1,120	270	4.5	6.9	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	47,910	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,080	22,960	23,120	96.2	96.2	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,000	30,000	36,400	46,000	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,175	22,980	23,205	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	27,600	33,200	40,800	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,185	21,410	20,770	88.1	89.7	86.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	41,200	24,800	31,800	41,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,530	16,830	15,705	67.9	70.5	65.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	40,800	24,600	31,200	40,800	24,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,435	15,165	18,265	69.8	63.5	76.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	10,500	9,000	9,600	10,500	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,615	2,345	2,275	9.6	9.8	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,000	5,400	5,680	6,000	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,095	22,905	23,190	96.2	96.0	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	57,250	38,040	47,600	57,250	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,135	22,910	23,230	96.3	96.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,680	33,200	40,400	47,680	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,250	21,445	20,810	88.2	89.8	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	53,800	33,800	43,960	53,800	33,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,495	16,795	15,700	67.8	70.4	65.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,120	51,600	31,960	42,120	51,600	31,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,375	15,045	18,325	69.7	63.0	76.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,090	10,520	9,730	10,090	10,520	9,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,795	2,355	2,445	10.0	9.9	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,040	7,010	7,060	7,040	7,010	7,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,665	6,745	4,920	24.4	28.3	20.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	66,000	46,400	56,000	66,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	73,500	51,080	64,000	73,500	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,070	6,745	7,325	29.4	28.3	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	32,400	21,600	25,400	32,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,800	44,480	27,760	35,800	44,480	27,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	88.0	79.8	84.6	88.0	79.8
Employment income (%)	62.4	66.0	56.9	62.4	66.0	56.9
Government transfers (%)	15.4	12.1	20.2	15.4	12.1	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	2.0	1.5	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,640	...	...	47,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,200	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	890	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	900	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,070	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,055	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,990	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,845	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,765	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,635	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,475	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,625	...	...	35.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,815	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,235	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,530	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	580	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,030	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,015	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,215	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,130	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,350	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,045	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,760	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,565	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,770	...	...	27.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,810	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,750	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,205	...	...	9.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,065	5,125	4,940	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,000	33,600	36,800	40,000	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,400	31,800	33,600	36,400	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...	116,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,015	5,085	4,930	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,400	50,400	40,240	45,400	50,400	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,840	43,440	36,120	39,840	43,440	36,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	55,765	27,935	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,430	4,870	4,560	16.9	17.4	16.4
0 to 5 years	2,865	1,470	1,395	5.1	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years	32,090	15,970	16,120	57.5	57.2	57.9
65 years and over	14,250	7,095	7,155	25.6	25.4	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,205	2,925	3,285	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,065	540	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	335	180	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,045	1,480	1,565	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,095	905	1,190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.5	11.8	11.1	10.5	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.0	11.6	11.3	11.0	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	12.1	11.2	11.7	12.1	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	9.5	9.3	9.7
65 years and over (%)	14.7	12.8	16.6	14.7	12.8	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	54,955	27,525	27,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,280	4,790	4,485	16.9	17.4	16.4
0 to 5 years	2,815	1,445	1,370	5.1	5.2	5.0
18 to 64 years	31,645	15,745	15,900	57.6	57.2	58.0
65 years and over	14,030	6,985	7,040	25.5	25.4	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,520	780	740	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	245	125	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	35	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,105	580	525	...	...	...
65 years and over	170	75	95	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	55,765	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	30,240	14,805	15,430	54.2	53.0	55.4
In bottom decile	5,655	2,720	2,935	10.1	9.7	10.5
In second decile	6,510	3,110	3,400	11.7	11.1	12.2
In third decile	6,180	3,030	3,150	11.1	10.8	11.3
In fourth decile	6,065	3,025	3,030	10.9	10.8	10.9
In fifth decile	5,825	2,915	2,910	10.4	10.4	10.5
In top half of the distribution	25,530	13,130	12,400	45.8	47.0	44.5
In sixth decile	5,865	2,950	2,915	10.5	10.6	10.5
In seventh decile	5,655	2,855	2,795	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	5,225	2,695	2,525	9.4	9.6	9.1
In ninth decile	4,775	2,530	2,250	8.6	9.1	8.1
In top decile	4,005	2,095	1,915	7.2	7.5	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	55,765	...	...	55,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.438	...	...	0.438	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	56,575	28,340	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	52,190	26,350	25,840	92.2	93.0	91.5
French only	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	4,235	1,930	2,305	7.5	6.8	8.2
Neither English nor French	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	56,575	28,340	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,300	27,700	27,595	97.7	97.7	97.7
French	1,090	555	530	1.9	2.0	1.9
English and French	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	56,575	28,340	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,885	28,020	27,870	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	52,080	26,250	25,830	92.1	92.6	91.5
English	50,945	25,660	25,285	90.0	90.5	89.6
French	1,135	590	545	2.0	2.1	1.9
Non-official languages	3,805	1,765	2,035	6.7	6.2	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,770	1,750	2,020	6.7	6.2	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	110	185	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	95	155	0.5	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,840	1,350	1,490	5.0	4.8	5.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	485	215	270	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	480	215	270	0.8	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,605	770	835	2.8	2.7	3.0
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,115	550	565	2.0	1.9	2.0
German	1,020	505	515	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	380	170	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	305	130	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	180	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	320	170	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	170	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	690	320	370	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	215	95	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	395	180	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	56,575	28,340	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	52,740	26,510	26,230	93.2	93.5	92.9
French	270	130	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	535	250	290	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	530	240	290	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	650	310	340	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,205	1,040	1,160	3.9	3.7	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	56,575	28,340	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,160	28,130	28,030	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	54,970	27,570	27,400	97.2	97.3	97.0
English	54,580	27,375	27,200	96.5	96.6	96.3
French	390	190	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	1,185	560	625	2.1	2.0	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,180	560	620	2.1	2.0	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	70	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	705	335	375	1.2	1.2	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	305	135	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	105	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	205	85	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	115	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	210	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	415	205	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	300	145	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	56,575	28,335	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,910	27,070	26,835	95.3	95.5	95.0
English	640	300	335	1.1	1.1	1.2
French	460	215	240	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	1,345	630	710	2.4	2.2	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,310	620	690	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	55,770	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	55,655	27,880	27,775	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	55,635	27,880	27,755	99.8	99.8	99.7
French	4,225	1,940	2,285	7.6	6.9	8.2
Non-official languages	5,755	2,715	3,040	10.3	9.7	10.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,660	2,665	2,995	10.1	9.5	10.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	425	180	245	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	155	240	0.7	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,280	1,995	2,285	7.7	7.1	8.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	645	295	350	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	640	295	350	1.1	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,090	975	1,115	3.7	3.5	4.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,535	725	810	2.8	2.6	2.9
German	1,495	705	790	2.7	2.5	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	465	220	250	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	370	155	215	0.7	0.6	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	195	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	335	180	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	155	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,350	580	775	2.4	2.1	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	125	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,010	405	605	1.8	1.4	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	220	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	55,770	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,405	2,185	2,225	7.9	7.8	8.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,230	2,090	2,140	7.6	7.5	7.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,030	1,030	1,000	3.6	3.7	3.6
Métis	2,175	1,040	1,140	3.9	3.7	4.1
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	51,360	25,755	25,605	92.1	92.2	92.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	55,770	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,290	655	635	2.3	2.3	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	54,480	27,280	27,200	97.7	97.7	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,640	...	...	79.9	...	...
Renter	4,890	...	...	19.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,865	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not condominium	22,730	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,135	...	...	8.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,570	...	...	26.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,390	...	...	34.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,385	...	...	30.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,615	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 rooms	4,120	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	3,830	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,115	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,920	...	...	32.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,325	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	270	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	23,945	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	650	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,695	...	...	11.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,915	...	...	32.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,025	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,685	...	...	19.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,395	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,035	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,790	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,925	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,675	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,820	...	...	48.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,600	...	...	47.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,175	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	365	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,580	...	...	10.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,640	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,370	...	...	13.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,585	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,445	...	...	22.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,745	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	855	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	19,650	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,175	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,750	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,020	...	...	24.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,765	...	...	15.3	...	...
Not suitable only	520	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,270	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,575	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,775	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not in core need	21,625	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.5	...	...	51.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,157	...	...	1,157	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	563,500	...	...	563,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,820	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,155	...	...	1,155	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	560	...	...	560	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	55,765	27,935	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,340	685	650	2.4	2.5	2.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,300	670	635	2.3	2.4	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	940	490	455	1.7	1.8	1.6
Métis single ancestry	355	185	175	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,670	1,665	2,005	6.6	6.0	7.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,505	1,580	1,925	6.3	5.7	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,205	990	1,210	4.0	3.5	4.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,285	580	710	2.3	2.1	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	50,760	25,590	25,170	91.0	91.6	90.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	55,765	27,930	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	53,425	26,770	26,655	95.8	95.8	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,265	4,815	4,445	16.6	17.2	16.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	44,160	21,960	22,205	79.2	78.6	79.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,345	1,160	1,180	4.2	4.2	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	55,765	27,930	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	49,415	24,820	24,595	88.6	88.9	88.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,675	2,715	2,965	10.2	9.7	10.7
Before 1980	2,410	1,235	1,180	4.3	4.4	4.2
1980 to 1990	625	325	300	1.1	1.2	1.1
1991 to 2000	630	255	370	1.1	0.9	1.3
2001 to 2010	725	350	375	1.3	1.3	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,290	550	735	2.3	2.0	2.6
2011 to 2015	470	200	275	0.8	0.7	1.0
2016 to 2021	815	350	470	1.5	1.3	1.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	670	400	275	1.2	1.4	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,680	2,715	2,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	715	385	325	12.6	14.2	11.0
5 to 14 years	1,065	575	490	18.8	21.2	16.6
15 to 24 years	1,170	535	640	20.6	19.7	21.6
25 to 44 years	2,310	1,030	1,280	40.7	37.9	43.2
45 years and over	420	195	225	7.4	7.2	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,680	2,715	2,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	860	355	505	15.1	13.1	17.1
Brazil	20	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Mexico	30	10	25	0.5	0.4	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	700	290	405	12.3	10.7	13.7
Other places of birth in Americas	90	30	50	1.6	1.1	1.7
Europe	3,460	1,735	1,725	60.9	63.9	58.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Croatia	30	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
France	75	45	30	1.3	1.7	1.0
Germany	565	280	280	9.9	10.3	9.5
Greece	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	35	0	35	0.6	0.0	1.2
Italy	130	75	55	2.3	2.8	1.9
Netherlands	295	145	150	5.2	5.3	5.1
Poland	120	65	50	2.1	2.4	1.7
Portugal	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Romania	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Russian Federation	65	25	40	1.1	0.9	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	730	695	25.0	26.9	23.5
Other places of birth in Europe	615	280	335	10.8	10.3	11.3
Africa	135	70	60	2.4	2.6	2.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	35	30	1.1	1.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
Asia	920	375	545	16.2	13.8	18.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	30	15	0.7	1.1	0.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	30	45	1.3	1.1	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20	0.8	0.9	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	25	1.0	0.9	0.8
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Philippines	345	120	225	6.1	4.4	7.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	75	85	2.8	2.8	2.9
Pakistan	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	40	80	2.1	1.5	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	305	170	130	5.4	6.3	4.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	815	350	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	120	35	80	14.7	10.0	17.2
Brazil	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	25	50	9.2	7.1	10.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15	2.5	0.0	3.2
Europe	225	85	140	27.6	24.3	30.1
France	20	10	15	2.5	2.9	3.2
Germany	50	20	30	6.1	5.7	6.5
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	40	55	11.7	11.4	11.8
Other places of birth in Europe	45	15	35	5.5	4.3	7.5
Africa	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	340	150	190	41.7	42.9	40.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	3.1	0.0	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	15	40	6.1	4.3	8.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	175	75	100	21.5	21.4	21.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	4.3	7.1	3.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	1.8	2.9	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	125	70	50	15.3	20.0	10.8
Australia	100	50	50	12.3	14.3	10.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	20	0	3.7	5.7	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	55,770	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,860	3,330	3,535	12.3	11.9	12.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,710	4,805	4,905	17.4	17.2	17.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,200	19,800	19,395	70.3	70.9	69.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,265	1,485	1,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,975	970	1,000	60.5	65.3	56.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	960	595	360	29.4	40.1	20.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,020	375	640	31.2	25.3	35.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,135	435	700	34.8	29.3	39.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	150	80	75	4.6	5.4	4.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,265	1,485	1,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	980	465	520	30.0	31.3	29.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	70	50	3.7	4.7	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	125	55	70	3.8	3.7	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	15	45	1.8	1.0	2.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,965	880	1,085	60.2	59.3	60.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	55,770	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,560	1,185	1,370	4.6	4.2	4.9
South Asian	585	315	270	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese	275	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	245	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Filipino	480	180	300	0.9	0.6	1.1
Arab	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	200	80	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	310	145	165	0.6	0.5	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,210	26,750	26,460	95.4	95.8	95.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	55,765	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,915	3,915	4,000	14.2	14.0	14.4
English	17,125	8,405	8,720	30.7	30.1	31.3
Irish	10,205	4,945	5,260	18.3	17.7	18.9
Scottish	12,875	6,375	6,500	23.1	22.8	23.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,990	2,940	3,050	10.7	10.5	11.0
German	10,200	4,920	5,280	18.3	17.6	19.0
Chinese	310	150	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italian	1,980	1,025	960	3.6	3.7	3.4
Indian (India)	400	195	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukrainian	3,820	1,825	1,995	6.9	6.5	7.2
Dutch	3,270	1,550	1,720	5.9	5.5	6.2
Polish	2,055	1,015	1,045	3.7	3.6	3.8
Québécois	135	70	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,495	1,220	1,275	4.5	4.4	4.6
Filipino	555	240	315	1.0	0.9	1.1
French Canadian	600	270	325	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,225	625	600	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,490	695	795	2.7	2.5	2.9
Métis	1,840	860	985	3.3	3.1	3.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,345	695	660	2.4	2.5	2.4
Russian	1,730	855	880	3.1	3.1	3.2
Norwegian	2,765	1,320	1,445	5.0	4.7	5.2
Welsh	1,620	755	870	2.9	2.7	3.1
Portuguese	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,120	555	560	2.0	2.0	2.0
Spanish	270	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	2,140	1,065	1,070	3.8	3.8	3.8
Hungarian	705	320	385	1.3	1.1	1.4
Acadian	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	135	70	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	510	245	265	0.9	0.9	1.0
Korean	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	365	145	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
Lebanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	925	485	440	1.7	1.7	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	185	285	0.8	0.7	1.0
Sikh	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	895	450	445	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgian	295	155	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	350	165	185	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swiss	765	340	425	1.4	1.2	1.5
Finnish	840	425	415	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	110	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	330	150	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	415	215	200	0.7	0.8	0.7
Muslim	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	460	230	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	485	235	250	0.9	0.8	0.9
Syrian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	160	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	300	175	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	285	145	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Estonian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	55,770	27,935	27,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	20,670	9,460	11,210	37.1	33.9	40.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,060	2,385	2,670	9.1	8.5	9.6
Anabaptist	210	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	2,005	965	1,040	3.6	3.5	3.7
Baptist	1,090	530	560	2.0	1.9	2.0
Catholic	5,405	2,515	2,885	9.7	9.0	10.4
Christian Orthodox	160	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	405	170	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	175	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	945	410	535	1.7	1.5	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	430	175	255	0.8	0.6	0.9
Presbyterian	340	145	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	2,670	1,080	1,590	4.8	3.9	5.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,650	765	885	3.0	2.7	3.2
Hindu	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	200	120	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	265	140	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	560	190	370	1.0	0.7	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	33,680	17,830	15,850	60.4	63.8	56.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	55,355	27,685	27,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	48,015	24,015	24,000	86.7	86.7	86.7
Movers	7,340	3,670	3,670	13.3	13.3	13.3
Non-migrants	3,165	1,620	1,545	5.7	5.9	5.6
Migrants	4,175	2,050	2,130	7.5	7.4	7.7
Internal migrants	3,880	1,910	1,970	7.0	6.9	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,670	1,330	1,340	4.8	4.8	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,210	580	635	2.2	2.1	2.3
External migrants	295	145	155	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	53,490	26,755	26,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	30,065	15,025	15,040	56.2	56.2	56.3
Movers	23,420	11,730	11,695	43.8	43.8	43.7
Non-migrants	6,700	3,310	3,390	12.5	12.4	12.7
Migrants	16,725	8,420	8,305	31.3	31.5	31.1
Internal migrants	15,585	7,840	7,750	29.1	29.3	29.0
Intraprovincial migrants	10,740	5,270	5,470	20.1	19.7	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	4,850	2,570	2,280	9.1	9.6	8.5
External migrants	1,135	575	555	2.1	2.1	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,235	5,300	3,935	19.3	22.2	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,670	18,570	20,095	80.7	77.8	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,160	14,420	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,830	2,280	1,545	13.1	15.8	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,325	12,130	13,195	86.8	84.1	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,510	4,115	3,400	15.7	17.2	14.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,055	7,250	7,800	31.4	30.4	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,340	12,505	12,840	52.9	52.4	53.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,405	8,905	8,500	36.3	37.3	35.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,055	4,770	1,295	12.6	20.0	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,325	1,440	885	4.9	6.0	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,730	3,320	410	7.8	13.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,970	3,645	6,325	20.8	15.3	26.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,380	495	880	2.9	2.1	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,940	3,600	4,340	16.6	15.1	18.1
Bachelor's degree	5,510	2,485	3,035	11.5	10.4	12.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	610	245	365	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	110	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	1,450	700	755	3.0	2.9	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,155	14,415	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,935	1,685	1,245	10.1	11.7	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,820	4,400	4,420	30.3	30.5	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,410	8,330	9,075	59.7	57.8	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,825	6,005	5,820	40.6	41.7	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,105	3,265	845	14.1	22.7	5.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,505	960	540	5.2	6.7	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,605	2,310	300	8.9	16.0	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,825	2,435	4,390	23.4	16.9	29.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	890	300	590	3.1	2.1	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,580	2,325	3,255	19.1	16.1	22.1
Bachelor's degree	4,010	1,685	2,320	13.8	11.7	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	365	135	230	1.3	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175	65	105	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	940	395	545	3.2	2.7	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,910	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,560	11,365	11,200	47.1	47.6	46.6
Education	2,215	605	1,610	4.6	2.5	6.7
13. Education	2,215	605	1,610	4.6	2.5	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	645	235	405	1.3	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	560	175	385	1.2	0.7	1.6
Humanities	920	390	530	1.9	1.6	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	155	50	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	95	160	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	105	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
54. History	100	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,035	635	1,400	4.2	2.7	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	20	390	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	295	75	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	375	105	270	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	700	340	360	1.5	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	4,295	1,215	3,080	9.0	5.1	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	60	340	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,890	1,155	2,735	8.1	4.8	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	805	445	360	1.7	1.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	170	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	100	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	235	160	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	250	195	0.9	1.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	325	185	135	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,370	5,995	380	13.3	25.1	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	615	560	60	1.3	2.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,115	980	135	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,885	1,820	65	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,715	1,670	40	3.6	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	915	895	20	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,465	880	585	3.1	3.7	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	635	290	345	1.3	1.2	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	830	585	240	1.7	2.5	1.0
Health and related fields	4,165	730	3,435	8.7	3.1	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	295	235	1.1	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,580	420	3,165	7.5	1.8	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,980	1,120	865	4.1	4.7	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,200	415	785	2.5	1.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	155	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	535	25	1.2	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,155	14,415	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,750	6,085	5,665	40.3	42.2	38.4
Education	1,280	245	1,040	4.4	1.7	7.1
13. Education	1,280	245	1,040	4.4	1.7	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	465	175	290	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	420	145	275	1.4	1.0	1.9
Humanities	635	260	375	2.2	1.8	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	110	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	55	145	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	65	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,395	420	975	4.8	2.9	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	50	85	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	270	15	260	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	165	35	130	0.6	0.2	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	215	50	160	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	530	245	285	1.8	1.7	1.9
Business, management and public administration	2,920	755	2,160	10.0	5.2	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	295	20	270	1.0	0.1	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,620	735	1,885	9.0	5.1	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	595	280	315	2.0	1.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	275	100	175	0.9	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	65	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	115	60	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	210	135	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	265	165	100	0.9	1.1	0.7
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,355	4,040	315	14.9	28.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	90	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	435	390	45	1.5	2.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	750	640	110	2.6	4.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,345	1,280	65	4.6	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,140	1,110	30	3.9	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	595	575	20	2.0	4.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	630	510	3.9	4.4	3.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	185	300	1.7	1.3	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	660	440	215	2.3	3.1	1.5
Health and related fields	2,850	535	2,310	9.8	3.7	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415	235	180	1.4	1.6	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,390	290	2,100	8.2	2.0	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,430	785	645	4.9	5.4	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	880	305	580	3.0	2.1	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	160	110	55	0.5	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	370	15	1.3	2.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	29,155	14,415	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,750	6,085	5,665	40.3	42.2	38.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,405	8,330	9,075	59.7	57.8	61.6
Location of study inside Canada	15,405	7,300	8,105	52.8	50.6	55.0
Same as province or territory of residence	9,550	4,385	5,170	32.8	30.4	35.1
Different than province or territory of residence	5,850	2,920	2,935	20.1	20.3	19.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,000	1,030	975	6.9	7.1	6.6
Americas	440	220	220	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	375	195	180	1.3	1.4	1.2
Mexico	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	815	430	385	2.8	3.0	2.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	165	75	80	0.6	0.5	0.5
Netherlands	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	385	225	165	1.3	1.6	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	75	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	430	185	235	1.5	1.3	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	190	70	115	0.7	0.5	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	75	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	255	155	100	0.9	1.1	0.7
Australia	175	105	65	0.6	0.7	0.4
New Zealand	80	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	47,905	23,870	24,035	...	...	...
In the labour force	27,930	14,735	13,195	...	...	...
Employed	25,285	13,295	11,990	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,645	1,445	1,205	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	19,975	9,135	10,840	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.3	61.7	54.9	58.3	61.7	54.9
Employment rate	52.8	55.7	49.9	52.8	55.7	49.9
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.8	9.1	9.5	9.8	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	47,905	23,870	24,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	19,725	9,020	10,700	41.2	37.8	44.5
Worked	28,180	14,850	13,330	58.8	62.2	55.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,455	7,285	5,170	26.0	30.5	21.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,730	7,565	8,160	32.8	31.7	34.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.5	39.9	39.0	39.5	39.9	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,930	14,740	13,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	375	155	215	1.3	1.1	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,555	14,580	12,975	98.7	98.9	98.4
Employee	21,855	11,180	10,675	78.2	75.8	80.9
Permanent position	17,220	8,865	8,355	61.7	60.1	63.3
Temporary position	4,635	2,315	2,320	16.6	15.7	17.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	890	465	420	3.2	3.2	3.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,745	1,845	1,895	13.4	12.5	14.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,700	3,400	2,300	20.4	23.1	17.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,930	14,740	13,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	375	155	215	1.3	1.1	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,555	14,580	12,975	98.7	98.9	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	250	155	100	0.9	1.1	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,425	630	2,795	12.3	4.3	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,435	1,100	340	5.1	7.5	2.6
3 Health occupations	1,950	285	1,665	7.0	1.9	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,530	715	1,820	9.1	4.9	13.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	665	260	410	2.4	1.8	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	7,210	2,755	4,455	25.8	18.7	33.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,995	6,400	595	25.0	43.4	4.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,700	1,175	530	6.1	8.0	4.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,385	1,115	270	5.0	7.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,930	14,740	13,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	375	155	215	1.3	1.1	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	27,555	14,580	12,975	98.7	98.9	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,530	1,005	525	5.5	6.8	4.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	500	450	45	1.8	3.1	0.3
22 Utilities	225	190	30	0.8	1.3	0.2
23 Construction	3,405	2,890	510	12.2	19.6	3.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,210	1,685	530	7.9	11.4	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	330	225	110	1.2	1.5	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	3,210	1,425	1,785	11.5	9.7	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,365	1,080	285	4.9	7.3	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	225	105	120	0.8	0.7	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	665	170	490	2.4	1.2	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	505	250	255	1.8	1.7	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,430	685	740	5.1	4.6	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,110	630	480	4.0	4.3	3.6
61 Educational services	1,690	460	1,230	6.1	3.1	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	3,055	400	2,660	10.9	2.7	20.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,105	605	500	4.0	4.1	3.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,670	1,165	1,500	9.6	7.9	11.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,290	645	640	4.6	4.4	4.9
91 Public administration	1,015	505	510	3.6	3.4	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	30,830	16,230	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	30,205	15,970	14,230	98.0	98.4	97.5
French	55	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	310	150	165	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	205	70	135	0.7	0.4	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	30,830	16,230	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,785	16,205	14,580	99.9	99.8	99.9
Official languages	30,695	16,165	14,525	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	30,575	16,135	14,445	99.2	99.4	98.9
French	115	30	80	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	30,830	16,230	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	30,340	16,025	14,320	98.4	98.7	98.1
English	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
French	225	115	110	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	130	35	90	0.4	0.2	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	105	25	80	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,285	13,295	11,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,590	1,560	2,030	14.2	11.7	16.9
Worked outside Canada	70	55	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,800	3,650	1,150	19.0	27.5	9.6
Usual place of work	16,820	8,025	8,800	66.5	60.4	73.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,825	8,025	8,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,935	4,975	5,960	65.0	62.0	67.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,535	1,660	1,875	21.0	20.7	21.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,995	1,120	875	11.9	14.0	9.9
Commute to a different province or territory	360	265	95	2.1	3.3	1.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	21,620	11,675	9,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,580	10,150	8,430	85.9	86.9	84.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,275	9,610	7,665	79.9	82.3	77.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,310	535	775	6.1	4.6	7.8
Public transit	110	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Walked	1,690	770	925	7.8	6.6	9.3
Bicycle	755	430	325	3.5	3.7	3.3
Other method	480	270	210	2.2	2.3	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	21,620	11,675	9,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,950	5,945	6,005	55.3	50.9	60.4
15 to 29 minutes	5,090	2,700	2,380	23.5	23.1	23.9
30 to 44 minutes	2,240	1,275	965	10.4	10.9	9.7
45 to 59 minutes	870	555	310	4.0	4.8	3.1
60 minutes and over	1,475	1,205	275	6.8	10.3	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	21,620	11,675	9,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,585	1,245	340	7.3	10.7	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,895	2,620	1,270	18.0	22.4	12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,505	2,985	2,520	25.5	25.6	25.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,930	1,970	2,960	22.8	16.9	29.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,595	910	1,690	12.0	7.8	17.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,110	1,945	1,160	14.4	16.7	11.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,595	4,955	4,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	720	375	345	7.5	7.6	7.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,875	4,580	4,290	92.5	92.4	92.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,105	3,675	3,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	540	285	255	7.6	7.8	7.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	120	120	3.4	3.3	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	165	135	4.2	4.5	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,565	3,385	3,175	92.4	92.1	92.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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