Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Okanagan, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	91,610	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	84,344^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,722	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,821	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,497.23	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	91,610	44,670	46,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,210	6,780	6,435	14.4	15.2	13.7
0 to 4 years	3,695	1,925	1,770	4.0	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,675	2,370	2,305	5.1	5.3	4.9
10 to 14 years	4,840	2,480	2,360	5.3	5.6	5.0
15 to 64 years	53,460	26,255	27,205	58.4	58.8	58.0
15 to 19 years	4,325	2,175	2,150	4.7	4.9	4.6
20 to 24 years	3,750	1,995	1,760	4.1	4.5	3.7
25 to 29 years	4,135	2,110	2,020	4.5	4.7	4.3
30 to 34 years	4,905	2,455	2,455	5.4	5.5	5.2
35 to 39 years	5,320	2,605	2,715	5.8	5.8	5.8
40 to 44 years	5,160	2,515	2,640	5.6	5.6	5.6
45 to 49 years	5,050	2,490	2,565	5.5	5.6	5.5
50 to 54 years	5,460	2,700	2,755	6.0	6.0	5.9
55 to 59 years	7,200	3,320	3,880	7.9	7.4	8.3
60 to 64 years	8,155	3,895	4,255	8.9	8.7	9.1
65 years and over	24,940	11,635	13,305	27.2	26.0	28.3
65 to 69 years	7,475	3,515	3,960	8.2	7.9	8.4
70 to 74 years	6,520	3,140	3,380	7.1	7.0	7.2
75 to 79 years	4,505	2,160	2,340	4.9	4.8	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,190	1,505	1,690	3.5	3.4	3.6
85 years and over	3,255	1,315	1,935	3.6	2.9	4.1
85 to 89 years	1,870	850	1,020	2.0	1.9	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,095	370	725	1.2	0.8	1.5
95 to 99 years	255	95	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.7	14.4	15.2	13.7
15 to 64 years	58.4	58.8	58.0	58.4	58.8	58.0
65 years and over	27.2	26.0	28.3	27.2	26.0	28.3
85 years and over	3.6	2.9	4.1	3.6	2.9	4.1
Average age of the population	46.8	45.8	47.7	46.8	45.8	47.7
Median age of the population	50.0	48.4	51.2	50.0	48.4	51.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,120	...	...	62.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,065	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	2,665	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,395	...	...	6.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,450	...	...	14.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	345	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,640	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,110	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	15,860	...	...	40.9	...	...
3 persons	4,945	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	4,200	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,705	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,510	43,750	45,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	78,395	37,895	40,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,185	23,595	23,595	60.2	62.3	58.3
Married	38,490	19,250	19,240	49.1	50.8	47.5
Living common-law	8,700	4,345	4,355	11.1	11.5	10.8
Living common law - Never married	5,505	2,775	2,725	7.0	7.3	6.7
Living common law - Separated	415	200	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,440	1,235	1,210	3.1	3.3	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	340	145	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	31,215	14,300	16,915	39.8	37.7	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,095	9,495	7,600	21.8	25.1	18.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,360	1,060	1,300	3.0	2.8	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,200	2,470	3,725	7.9	6.5	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,560	1,270	4,285	7.1	3.4	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,740	...	...	62.3	...	...
3 persons	4,450	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	3,880	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,815	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,080	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	18,730	...	...	69.7	...	...
With children⁶	7,325	...	...	27.3	...	...
Without children	11,410	...	...	42.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,350	...	...	16.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,475	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	2,875	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,805	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,875	...	...	10.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	930	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,510	43,750	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	72,195	35,825	36,370	80.7	81.9	79.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,160	23,060	23,105	51.6	52.7	50.5
Parents in one-parent families	3,800	930	2,870	4.2	2.1	6.3
Children⁶	22,235	11,835	10,400	24.8	27.1	22.7
In a two-parent family	16,575	8,755	7,820	18.5	20.0	17.1
In a one-parent family	5,660	3,080	2,580	6.3	7.0	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,315	7,920	9,390	19.3	18.1	20.5
Living alone	11,110	4,745	6,365	12.4	10.8	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,940	870	1,070	2.2	2.0	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	4,265	2,310	1,955	4.8	5.3	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,300	...	...	60.0	...	...
Couple-family households	20,505	...	...	52.8	...	...
With children⁶	7,750	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	12,760	...	...	32.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,795	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	915	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,485	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,645	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	11,110	...	...	28.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	76,305	36,975	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,530	36,110	38,420	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,600	34,000	38,800	45,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,565	36,130	38,440	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,800	35,600	41,200	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,610	32,835	33,775	87.3	88.8	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	39,600	24,000	30,800	39,600	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,575	24,805	23,775	63.7	67.1	60.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,600	26,400	33,200	41,600	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,515	29,430	34,090	83.2	79.6	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,500	12,900	12,800	12,500	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,690	4,010	3,675	10.1	10.8	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,360	5,480	5,480	5,360	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,245	8,140	9,105	22.6	22.0	23.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	76,330	36,995	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,645	36,245	38,400	97.8	98.0	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120	57,650	41,040	49,120	57,650	41,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,705	36,280	38,425	97.9	98.1	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	48,840	36,200	42,360	48,840	36,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,625	33,005	33,625	87.3	89.2	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	52,450	33,960	43,120	52,450	33,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,590	24,770	23,820	63.7	67.0	60.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	52,150	34,120	43,320	52,150	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,660	29,620	34,040	83.4	80.1	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,440	12,100	12,730	12,440	12,100	12,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,715	4,025	3,690	10.1	10.9	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,355	6,045	6,690	6,355	6,045	6,690
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,265	8,130	9,130	22.6	22.0	23.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,490	8,810	8,660	8,490	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	76,325	36,995	39,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,380	11,850	8,525	26.7	32.0	21.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	66,000	51,200	59,200	66,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800	73,700	57,200	66,800	73,700	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,285	9,780	11,510	27.9	26.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	23,400	16,200	18,800	23,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	35,880	23,480	29,160	35,880	23,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.8	72.4	78.4	82.8	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.4	61.8	51.6	57.4	61.8	51.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	17.2	27.5	21.6	17.2	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.8	5.3	4.2	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.1	4.1	3.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	76,310	36,975	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,780	865	915	2.3	2.3	2.3
With total income	74,530	36,110	38,420	97.7	97.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,805	2,335	3,465	7.8	6.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,600	3,625	5,975	12.9	10.0	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,560	5,235	7,330	16.9	14.5	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,480	4,515	5,965	14.1	12.5	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,880	4,040	4,840	11.9	11.2	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,850	3,445	3,400	9.2	9.5	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,100	2,815	2,285	6.8	7.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,800	2,305	1,495	5.1	6.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,885	1,815	1,070	3.9	5.0	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,225	1,435	785	3.0	4.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,350	4,550	1,795	8.5	12.6	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,240	2,925	1,320	5.7	8.1	3.4
$150,000 and over	2,105	1,625	480	2.8	4.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	76,310	36,975	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,740	845	895	2.3	2.3	2.3
With after-tax income	74,570	36,130	38,440	97.7	97.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,125	2,445	3,685	8.2	6.8	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,915	3,760	6,155	13.3	10.4	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,000	5,865	8,135	18.8	16.2	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,180	5,365	6,815	16.3	14.8	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,765	4,685	5,080	13.1	13.0	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,960	3,775	3,190	9.3	10.4	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,960	2,995	1,965	6.7	8.3	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,360	2,115	1,240	4.5	5.9	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,360	1,550	810	3.2	4.3	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,410	965	445	1.9	2.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,525	2,610	915	4.7	7.2	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,805	1,295	510	2.4	3.6	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,725	1,315	405	2.3	3.6	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	76,310	36,975	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,735	12,170	15,560	36.3	32.9	39.6
With employment income	48,575	24,800	23,770	63.7	67.1	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,745	3,525	4,225	15.9	14.2	17.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,990	1,670	2,320	8.2	6.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,205	2,605	3,605	12.8	10.5	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,835	2,085	2,745	10.0	8.4	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,765	2,110	2,655	9.8	8.5	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,320	2,085	2,240	8.9	8.4	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,740	2,010	1,730	7.7	8.1	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,845	1,695	1,155	5.9	6.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,425	1,505	915	5.0	6.1	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,950	1,270	680	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,535	1,015	520	3.2	4.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,215	3,230	990	8.7	13.0	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,050	1,485	565	4.2	6.0	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,170	1,745	420	4.5	7.0	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	76,305	36,975	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,085	35,340	37,745	95.8	95.6	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,200	31,000	36,800	45,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,245	35,370	37,875	96.0	95.7	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	28,600	33,600	40,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,335	32,600	33,735	86.9	88.2	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,600	25,800	32,400	41,600	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,320	25,990	25,330	67.3	70.3	64.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,200	26,200	32,400	41,200	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,180	23,435	29,740	69.7	63.4	75.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	11,300	10,000	10,400	11,300	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,320	3,370	2,950	8.3	9.1	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,400	5,240	5,320	5,400	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	76,330	36,995	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,170	35,515	37,660	95.9	96.0	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,840	57,400	38,800	47,840	57,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,375	35,530	37,845	96.1	96.0	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	47,880	33,680	40,560	47,880	33,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,300	32,795	33,500	86.9	88.6	85.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	54,400	34,520	44,360	54,400	34,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,395	26,115	25,280	67.3	70.6	64.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	52,050	33,000	42,680	52,050	33,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,430	23,695	29,725	70.0	64.0	75.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,450	10,700	10,250	10,450	10,700	10,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,385	3,455	2,935	8.4	9.3	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,420	7,380	6,860	6,420	7,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	76,325	36,995	39,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,250	11,805	8,445	26.5	31.9	21.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	64,000	47,200	56,000	64,000	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	71,600	53,550	64,000	71,600	53,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,250	9,310	10,945	26.5	25.2	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,400	20,800	24,200	29,400	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,080	44,000	27,520	35,080	44,000	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.6	79.2	84.0	87.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	62.7	66.8	57.1	62.7	66.8	57.1
Government transfers (%)	16.0	12.4	20.8	16.0	12.4	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...	47,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,280	...	...	41,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	855	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,975	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,380	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,810	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,650	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,640	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,640	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,485	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,295	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,015	...	...	36.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,575	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,115	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,500	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,820	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	885	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,065	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,690	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,920	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,930	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,785	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,415	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,290	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,035	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,135	...	...	28.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,435	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,750	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,950	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,375	7,055	8,320	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,000	34,800	36,000	38,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,800	32,400	33,600	34,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...	97,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...	145,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,500	...	...	123,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	77,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,900	...	...	69,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,315	6,985	8,330	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,160	47,120	41,680	44,160	47,120	41,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,920	41,000	37,200	38,920	41,000	37,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,510	43,745	45,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,850	8,120	7,730	17.7	18.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	4,630	2,375	2,255	5.2	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years	50,355	24,590	25,760	56.3	56.2	56.3
65 years and over	23,305	11,035	12,270	26.0	25.2	26.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,755	4,460	5,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,750	905	845	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	560	290	265	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,570	2,180	2,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,430	1,380	2,055	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.2	11.6	10.9	10.2	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	11.1	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	12.4	11.8	12.1	12.4	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.9	9.3	9.1	8.9	9.3
65 years and over (%)	14.7	12.5	16.7	14.7	12.5	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	85,455	41,775	43,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,505	7,935	7,575	18.1	19.0	17.3
0 to 5 years	4,520	2,310	2,210	5.3	5.5	5.1
18 to 64 years	48,600	23,745	24,850	56.9	56.8	56.9
65 years and over	21,350	10,095	11,260	25.0	24.2	25.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,715	1,410	1,310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	545	270	275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,830	985	850	...	...	...
65 years and over	340	150	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.1	3.4	3.8	4.1	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,510	43,745	45,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,185	22,425	24,760	52.7	51.3	54.1
In bottom decile	8,810	4,145	4,660	9.8	9.5	10.2
In second decile	9,650	4,395	5,255	10.8	10.0	11.5
In third decile	9,815	4,615	5,200	11.0	10.5	11.4
In fourth decile	9,470	4,590	4,880	10.6	10.5	10.7
In fifth decile	9,445	4,680	4,770	10.6	10.7	10.4
In top half of the distribution	42,320	21,325	21,000	47.3	48.7	45.9
In sixth decile	9,170	4,565	4,605	10.2	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	8,975	4,460	4,510	10.0	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	8,695	4,425	4,270	9.7	10.1	9.3
In ninth decile	8,075	4,060	4,010	9.0	9.3	8.8
In top decile	7,405	3,805	3,605	8.3	8.7	7.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,510	...	...	89,510	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,445	44,220	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	85,165	41,920	43,240	94.2	94.8	93.5
French only	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,970	2,140	2,830	5.5	4.8	6.1
Neither English nor French	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,445	44,220	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,115	43,585	45,535	98.5	98.6	98.5
French	960	465	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,445	44,220	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,215	43,660	45,550	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	81,910	40,235	41,675	90.6	91.0	90.2
English	80,770	39,675	41,090	89.3	89.7	88.9
French	1,135	560	580	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-official languages	7,305	3,425	3,880	8.1	7.7	8.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,220	3,395	3,830	8.0	7.7	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	450	145	305	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	115	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,710	2,805	2,910	6.3	6.3	6.3
Albanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,250	560	685	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,230	550	680	1.4	1.2	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	535	235	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,960	1,460	1,505	3.3	3.3	3.3
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,085	1,030	1,055	2.3	2.3	2.3
German	1,975	980	995	2.2	2.2	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	720	345	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	555	265	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	815	420	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	760	395	365	0.8	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610	305	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	610	325	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	105	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese languages	285	100	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,230	555	670	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	255	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	820	375	450	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,445	44,220	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,955	41,215	42,745	92.8	93.2	92.5
French	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,115	565	550	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,110	560	550	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	610	275	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,390	1,995	2,395	4.9	4.5	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,445	44,220	46,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,635	43,860	45,775	99.1	99.2	99.0
Official languages	87,275	42,710	44,570	96.5	96.6	96.4
English	87,070	42,610	44,465	96.3	96.4	96.2
French	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	2,365	1,150	1,205	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,355	1,155	1,205	2.6	2.6	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,675	845	835	1.9	1.9	1.8
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	595	305	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	485	250	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
German	445	230	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	550	275	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	530	265	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	450	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	805	355	450	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	725	315	410	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,445	44,220	46,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,875	42,135	43,745	94.9	95.3	94.6
English	1,075	520	555	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	495	210	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	2,485	1,125	1,360	2.7	2.5	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,385	1,090	1,300	2.6	2.5	2.8
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,510	43,750	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	89,265	43,655	45,610	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	89,240	43,645	45,600	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	4,970	2,080	2,885	5.6	4.8	6.3
Non-official languages	10,230	4,570	5,660	11.4	10.4	12.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	105	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	40	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,975	4,470	5,510	11.1	10.2	12.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	530	165	365	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	145	355	0.6	0.3	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,800	3,635	4,165	8.7	8.3	9.1
Albanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,530	695	840	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	1,490	660	835	1.7	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	735	330	405	0.8	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	130	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,855	1,890	1,965	4.3	4.3	4.3
Frisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,850	1,395	1,460	3.2	3.2	3.2
German	2,770	1,360	1,410	3.1	3.1	3.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	925	465	460	1.0	1.1	1.0
Afrikaans	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	675	330	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	970	460	510	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	925	430	495	1.0	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	295	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	320	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,890	820	1,060	2.1	1.9	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	115	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,460	635	825	1.6	1.5	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	285	95	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	160	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	215	80	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	200	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	415	155	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	415	155	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	260	95	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	70	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,510	43,745	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,100	3,215	3,880	7.9	7.3	8.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,885	3,140	3,750	7.7	7.2	8.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,725	1,675	2,050	4.2	3.8	4.5
Métis	3,130	1,450	1,680	3.5	3.3	3.7
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	82,410	40,530	41,880	92.1	92.7	91.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,510	43,745	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,565	1,190	1,380	2.9	2.7	3.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,940	42,560	44,385	97.1	97.3	97.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,150	...	...	75.1	...	...
Renter	9,565	...	...	24.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,435	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not condominium	33,385	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	3,965	...	...	10.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,370	...	...	26.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,160	...	...	31.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,045	...	...	31.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,230	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,620	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,625	...	...	14.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,665	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,680	...	...	35.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,490	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,745	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,080	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,520	...	...	11.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,300	...	...	31.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,875	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,145	...	...	18.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,305	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,960	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,725	...	...	4.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,990	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,405	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,420	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,830	...	...	48.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,105	...	...	46.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,890	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	710	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,575	...	...	9.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,435	...	...	14.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,725	...	...	14.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,605	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,320	...	...	21.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,745	...	...	12.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,705	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,435	...	...	78.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,645	...	...	21.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,915	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,280	...	...	26.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,935	...	...	17.9	...	...
Not suitable only	795	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,710	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	565	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,540	...	...	73.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,545	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not in core need	32,800	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.0	...	...	56.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	560,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	627,000	...	...	627,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,440	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.2	...	...	40.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.5	...	...	15.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,255	...	...	1,255	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	476	...	...	476	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,510	43,745	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,225	1,055	1,175	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,145	1,010	1,140	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,610	745	865	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis single ancestry	525	255	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,390	2,475	2,920	6.0	5.7	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,245	2,405	2,835	5.9	5.5	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,105	1,345	1,755	3.5	3.1	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,125	1,050	1,080	2.4	2.4	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	150	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	81,890	40,225	41,665	91.5	92.0	91.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,505	43,745	45,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,330	42,300	44,030	96.5	96.7	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,565	7,840	7,720	17.4	17.9	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,770	34,455	36,310	79.1	78.8	79.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,175	1,450	1,730	3.5	3.3	3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,505	43,745	45,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	79,270	38,890	40,380	88.6	88.9	88.2
Immigrants⁸¹	9,645	4,570	5,080	10.8	10.4	11.1
Before 1980	4,255	2,105	2,155	4.8	4.8	4.7
1980 to 1990	1,090	465	625	1.2	1.1	1.4
1991 to 2000	1,045	505	545	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,660	760	895	1.9	1.7	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,600	735	865	1.8	1.7	1.9
2011 to 2015	725	345	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	880	395	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	590	290	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,650	4,570	5,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,205	625	580	12.5	13.7	11.4
5 to 14 years	2,010	1,005	1,005	20.8	22.0	19.8
15 to 24 years	2,130	1,010	1,125	22.1	22.1	22.1
25 to 44 years	3,630	1,635	1,995	37.6	35.8	39.3
45 years and over	680	290	385	7.0	6.3	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,650	4,570	5,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,425	610	815	14.8	13.3	16.0
Brazil	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
El Salvador	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mexico	80	35	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Peru	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,010	455	555	10.5	10.0	10.9
Other places of birth in Americas	180	75	100	1.9	1.6	2.0
Europe	5,495	2,805	2,690	56.9	61.4	53.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
France	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	1,100	595	500	11.4	13.0	9.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italy	100	50	50	1.0	1.1	1.0
Netherlands	590	325	265	6.1	7.1	5.2
Poland	290	130	160	3.0	2.8	3.1
Portugal	45	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.5
Romania	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	110	50	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Ukraine	130	55	70	1.3	1.2	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,930	945	985	20.0	20.7	19.4
Other places of birth in Europe	995	520	475	10.3	11.4	9.4
Africa	385	180	200	4.0	3.9	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	230	110	120	2.4	2.4	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	115	65	45	1.2	1.4	0.9
Asia	2,015	815	1,205	20.9	17.8	23.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	205	70	140	2.1	1.5	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	65	20	40	0.7	0.4	0.8
Taiwan	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
Philippines	485	150	340	5.0	3.3	6.7
Viet Nam	150	65	80	1.6	1.4	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	495	220	275	5.1	4.8	5.4
Pakistan	110	65	50	1.1	1.4	1.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	285	115	165	3.0	2.5	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	330	160	170	3.4	3.5	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	880	395	485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	60	90	16.5	15.2	18.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	2.8	2.5	3.1
Mexico	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.1
United States of America	90	40	45	10.2	10.1	9.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	165	75	90	18.8	19.0	18.6
France	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.1
Germany	30	0	20	3.4	0.0	4.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	40	10	6.3	10.1	2.1
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	20	4.5	3.8	4.1
Africa	55	20	35	6.3	5.1	7.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	10	25	4.5	2.5	5.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.1
Asia	470	215	250	53.4	54.4	51.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.3	0.0	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	45	45	9.7	11.4	9.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	1.1	2.5	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	3.4	2.5	4.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	0	10	2.3	0.0	2.1
Philippines	175	65	110	19.9	16.5	22.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	25	7.4	8.9	5.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	1.1	2.5	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.3	2.5	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20	5.7	7.6	4.1
Australia	40	25	15	4.5	6.3	3.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,510	43,750	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,145	5,335	5,810	12.5	12.2	12.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,785	8,255	8,530	18.8	18.9	18.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	61,575	30,155	31,425	68.8	68.9	68.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,395	2,465	2,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,800	1,425	1,370	51.9	57.8	46.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,150	725	420	21.3	29.4	14.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,650	700	950	30.6	28.4	32.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,160	820	1,340	40.0	33.3	45.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	400	215	185	7.4	8.7	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,395	2,465	2,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	20	20	0.9	0.8	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,050	525	525	19.5	21.3	17.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	55	85	2.6	2.2	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	65	120	3.5	2.6	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	30	30	1.1	1.2	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,910	1,765	2,140	72.5	71.6	73.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,510	43,750	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,030	2,205	2,830	5.6	5.0	6.2
South Asian	1,390	675	710	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese	650	280	380	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	470	225	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	705	235	470	0.8	0.5	1.0
Arab	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	295	95	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	555	235	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,475	41,545	42,935	94.4	95.0	93.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,510	43,750	45,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,975	6,005	5,970	13.4	13.7	13.0
English	27,445	13,265	14,185	30.7	30.3	31.0
Irish	16,040	7,555	8,485	17.9	17.3	18.5
Scottish	19,820	9,640	10,180	22.1	22.0	22.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,140	4,195	4,940	10.2	9.6	10.8
German	18,165	8,875	9,295	20.3	20.3	20.3
Chinese	790	335	450	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italian	2,435	1,155	1,285	2.7	2.6	2.8
Indian (India)	735	365	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	7,155	3,310	3,845	8.0	7.6	8.4
Dutch	5,845	2,965	2,885	6.5	6.8	6.3
Polish	3,305	1,600	1,705	3.7	3.7	3.7
Québécois	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,995	1,950	2,045	4.5	4.5	4.5
Filipino	730	245	490	0.8	0.6	1.1
French Canadian	930	445	485	1.0	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,785	945	840	2.0	2.2	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,185	1,005	1,175	2.4	2.3	2.6
Métis	2,855	1,410	1,450	3.2	3.2	3.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,245	1,115	1,135	2.5	2.5	2.5
Russian	3,545	1,765	1,780	4.0	4.0	3.9
Norwegian	4,080	1,925	2,155	4.6	4.4	4.7
Welsh	2,830	1,410	1,415	3.2	3.2	3.1
Portuguese	285	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	2,010	960	1,050	2.2	2.2	2.3
Spanish	495	200	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	2,895	1,335	1,555	3.2	3.1	3.4
Hungarian	1,120	530	590	1.3	1.2	1.3
Acadian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	210	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	390	230	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	225	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	720	285	440	0.8	0.7	1.0
Korean	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	770	370	400	0.9	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,340	665	675	1.5	1.5	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	595	225	365	0.7	0.5	0.8
Sikh	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,365	630	730	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belgian	595	240	355	0.7	0.5	0.8
Haitian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	440	220	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	840	375	470	0.9	0.9	1.0
Finnish	675	270	400	0.8	0.6	0.9
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	285	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	675	285	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	755	305	450	0.8	0.7	1.0
Muslim	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	720	370	350	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	525	275	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	135	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	300	170	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	335	185	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	310	115	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	410	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	105	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,510	43,745	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	305	130	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	36,230	16,360	19,870	40.5	37.4	43.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,960	4,225	4,730	10.0	9.7	10.3
Anabaptist	250	105	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anglican	3,030	1,265	1,765	3.4	2.9	3.9
Baptist	1,695	785	910	1.9	1.8	2.0
Catholic	8,870	4,015	4,860	9.9	9.2	10.6
Christian Orthodox	345	150	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	830	365	465	0.9	0.8	1.0
Latter Day Saints	575	285	295	0.6	0.7	0.6
Lutheran	1,835	890	950	2.1	2.0	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,075	465	610	1.2	1.1	1.3
Presbyterian	515	200	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	640	305	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Church	4,315	1,750	2,570	4.8	4.0	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,220	1,545	1,675	3.6	3.5	3.7
Hindu	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	450	240	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	520	230	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	850	275	575	0.9	0.6	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	50,600	26,250	24,350	56.5	60.0	53.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,815	43,385	45,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,315	37,795	39,520	87.1	87.1	87.0
Movers	11,500	5,590	5,905	12.9	12.9	13.0
Non-migrants	5,235	2,500	2,735	5.9	5.8	6.0
Migrants	6,265	3,090	3,175	7.1	7.1	7.0
Internal migrants	5,835	2,925	2,910	6.6	6.7	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,515	2,240	2,270	5.1	5.2	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,320	685	635	1.5	1.6	1.4
External migrants	435	165	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,830	41,870	43,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,480	23,200	24,280	55.3	55.4	55.2
Movers	38,350	18,670	19,680	44.7	44.6	44.8
Non-migrants	10,670	5,155	5,515	12.4	12.3	12.5
Migrants	27,680	13,520	14,160	32.2	32.3	32.2
Internal migrants	26,065	12,775	13,295	30.4	30.5	30.2
Intraprovincial migrants	20,220	9,830	10,390	23.6	23.5	23.6
Interprovincial migrants	5,840	2,945	2,900	6.8	7.0	6.6
External migrants	1,610	745	865	1.9	1.8	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,325	36,995	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,905	8,065	6,840	19.5	21.8	17.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,420	28,925	32,495	80.5	78.2	82.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,955	21,840	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,775	3,410	2,365	12.8	15.6	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	39,185	18,430	20,755	87.2	84.4	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,325	36,990	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,285	6,420	5,870	16.1	17.4	14.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,630	11,890	12,740	32.3	32.1	32.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,405	18,685	20,730	51.6	50.5	52.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,345	13,515	13,830	35.8	36.5	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,890	6,830	2,065	11.6	18.5	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,260	1,840	1,415	4.3	5.0	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,635	4,985	650	7.4	13.5	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,220	5,930	10,285	21.3	16.0	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,230	755	1,475	2.9	2.0	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,065	5,165	6,900	15.8	14.0	17.5
Bachelor's degree	7,895	3,130	4,760	10.3	8.5	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	390	490	1.2	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	290	205	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	2,510	1,185	1,325	3.3	3.2	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	165	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,960	21,835	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,550	2,705	1,845	10.1	12.4	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,170	7,130	7,035	31.5	32.7	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,240	12,000	14,235	58.4	55.0	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,840	8,650	9,190	39.7	39.6	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,390	4,200	1,190	12.0	19.2	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,925	1,075	845	4.3	4.9	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,470	3,120	345	7.7	14.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,010	3,970	7,045	24.5	18.2	30.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,435	480	955	3.2	2.2	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,400	3,350	5,050	18.7	15.3	21.8
Bachelor's degree	5,725	2,185	3,540	12.7	10.0	15.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	225	340	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	175	160	0.7	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	1,620	690	930	3.6	3.2	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,325	36,990	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,920	18,310	18,605	48.4	49.5	47.3
Education	3,595	995	2,600	4.7	2.7	6.6
13. Education	3,595	995	2,600	4.7	2.7	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,110	415	695	1.5	1.1	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	125	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	950	285	670	1.2	0.8	1.7
Humanities	1,305	560	745	1.7	1.5	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	305	90	210	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	385	140	245	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	125	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,135	860	2,275	4.1	2.3	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	115	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	805	65	745	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	525	110	420	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	510	160	345	0.7	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	880	365	505	1.2	1.0	1.3
Business, management and public administration	7,100	2,300	4,800	9.3	6.2	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	145	500	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,455	2,150	4,305	8.5	5.8	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,205	570	635	1.6	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	185	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	140	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	290	225	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	830	535	295	1.1	1.4	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	665	470	200	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,510	8,945	565	12.5	24.2	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	760	670	90	1.0	1.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,790	1,605	185	2.3	4.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,960	2,885	70	3.9	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,470	2,420	50	3.2	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,375	1,305	70	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,555	975	575	2.0	2.6	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	765	395	370	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	790	585	205	1.0	1.6	0.5
Health and related fields	7,310	1,210	6,105	9.6	3.3	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	165	290	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,715	960	5,755	8.8	2.6	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,725	1,315	1,410	3.6	3.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,765	480	1,285	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	205	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	595	55	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,955	21,840	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,715	9,835	8,885	41.6	45.0	38.4
Education	1,995	490	1,510	4.4	2.2	6.5
13. Education	1,995	490	1,510	4.4	2.2	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	755	235	515	1.7	1.1	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	670	185	490	1.5	0.8	2.1
Humanities	840	380	455	1.9	1.7	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	185	65	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	105	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,375	600	1,780	5.3	2.7	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	105	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	625	50	565	1.4	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	420	65	355	0.9	0.3	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	380	120	260	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	570	215	355	1.3	1.0	1.5
Business, management and public administration	4,920	1,555	3,365	10.9	7.1	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	80	400	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,440	1,475	2,965	9.9	6.8	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	815	350	460	1.8	1.6	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	120	245	0.8	0.5	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	75	140	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	195	145	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	600	420	180	1.3	1.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	530	395	135	1.2	1.8	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,030	5,585	445	13.4	25.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	95	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
14. Engineering	475	395	80	1.1	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,160	1,015	155	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,890	1,840	55	4.2	8.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,565	1,535	25	3.5	7.0	0.1
48. Precision production	840	790	50	1.9	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,080	630	450	2.4	2.9	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	240	270	1.1	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	570	390	185	1.3	1.8	0.8
Health and related fields	4,975	855	4,120	11.1	3.9	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	135	235	0.8	0.6	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,515	675	3,850	10.0	3.1	16.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,840	895	945	4.1	4.1	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,195	355	840	2.7	1.6	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	210	145	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	380	35	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,955	21,840	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,715	9,835	8,885	41.6	45.0	38.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,240	12,005	14,240	58.4	55.0	61.6
Location of study inside Canada	23,585	10,770	12,815	52.5	49.3	55.4
Same as province or territory of residence	16,955	7,545	9,415	37.7	34.5	40.7
Different than province or territory of residence	6,630	3,225	3,405	14.7	14.8	14.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,660	1,235	1,425	5.9	5.7	6.2
Americas	770	360	410	1.7	1.6	1.8
United States of America	685	345	340	1.5	1.6	1.5
Mexico	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	930	475	455	2.1	2.2	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	195	175	0.8	0.9	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	655	220	435	1.5	1.0	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	265	60	210	0.6	0.3	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	175	75	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	200	130	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Australia	145	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	76,325	36,990	39,335	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,435	22,810	20,625	...	...	...
Employed	39,855	20,830	19,025	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,575	1,980	1,595	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,895	14,180	18,710	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.9	61.7	52.4	56.9	61.7	52.4
Employment rate	52.2	56.3	48.4	52.2	56.3	48.4
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.7	7.7	8.2	8.7	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	76,325	36,990	39,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,365	13,990	18,370	42.4	37.8	46.7
Worked	43,965	23,005	20,960	57.6	62.2	53.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,075	12,305	8,770	27.6	33.3	22.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,890	10,700	12,190	30.0	28.9	31.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.0	39.6	40.3	41.0	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,430	22,815	20,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	790	470	320	1.8	2.1	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,645	22,340	20,300	98.2	97.9	98.4
Employee	34,305	17,365	16,940	79.0	76.1	82.2
Permanent position	28,395	14,610	13,785	65.4	64.0	66.9
Temporary position	5,910	2,755	3,155	13.6	12.1	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,395	655	740	3.2	2.9	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,520	2,095	2,420	10.4	9.2	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,335	4,980	3,365	19.2	21.8	16.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,430	22,815	20,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	790	470	320	1.8	2.1	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,645	22,340	20,300	98.2	97.9	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	430	280	155	1.0	1.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,085	1,375	4,705	14.0	6.0	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,275	1,800	475	5.2	7.9	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,780	705	3,075	8.7	3.1	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,155	1,210	2,945	9.6	5.3	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,055	450	600	2.4	2.0	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	11,500	4,865	6,640	26.5	21.3	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,135	8,420	715	21.0	36.9	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,280	1,620	655	5.2	7.1	3.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,955	1,615	335	4.5	7.1	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,430	22,815	20,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	790	470	320	1.8	2.1	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	42,645	22,340	20,300	98.2	97.9	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,210	1,410	805	5.1	6.2	3.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	590	530	60	1.4	2.3	0.3
22 Utilities	445	320	125	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	4,775	4,060	715	11.0	17.8	3.5
31-33 Manufacturing	3,385	2,655	730	7.8	11.6	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,185	835	345	2.7	3.7	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,920	2,745	3,170	13.6	12.0	15.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,620	1,235	385	3.7	5.4	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	390	240	145	0.9	1.1	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	970	305	660	2.2	1.3	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	755	345	405	1.7	1.5	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,695	1,360	1,330	6.2	6.0	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,665	895	765	3.8	3.9	3.7
61 Educational services	2,585	775	1,805	6.0	3.4	8.8
62 Health care and social assistance	5,970	1,010	4,960	13.7	4.4	24.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,065	600	465	2.5	2.6	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,860	1,240	1,620	6.6	5.4	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,055	1,050	1,010	4.7	4.6	4.9
91 Public administration	1,430	685	745	3.3	3.0	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,565	24,725	22,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,705	24,345	22,360	98.2	98.5	97.9
French	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	260	85	175	0.5	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	410	200	215	0.9	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,565	24,725	22,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,520	24,705	22,815	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	47,345	24,615	22,725	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	47,220	24,580	22,645	99.3	99.4	99.1
French	115	40	80	0.2	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	180	85	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	85	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,565	24,725	22,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,930	24,455	22,470	98.7	98.9	98.4
English	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	190	65	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	275	135	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	255	130	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	39,855	20,830	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,225	3,050	3,175	15.6	14.6	16.7
Worked outside Canada	95	75	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,760	5,135	1,625	17.0	24.7	8.5
Usual place of work	26,775	12,570	14,205	67.2	60.3	74.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,775	12,570	14,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,235	5,280	6,955	45.7	42.0	48.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,380	4,825	5,550	38.8	38.4	39.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,870	2,260	1,610	14.5	18.0	11.3
Commute to a different province or territory	295	210	90	1.1	1.7	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,540	17,705	15,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,835	15,750	14,090	89.0	89.0	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,640	14,690	12,950	82.4	83.0	81.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,200	1,060	1,140	6.6	6.0	7.2
Public transit	430	175	255	1.3	1.0	1.6
Walked	1,915	870	1,045	5.7	4.9	6.6
Bicycle	405	280	125	1.2	1.6	0.8
Other method	950	630	325	2.8	3.6	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,540	17,705	15,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,035	6,955	8,075	44.8	39.3	51.0
15 to 29 minutes	10,785	5,605	5,185	32.2	31.7	32.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,220	2,570	1,650	12.6	14.5	10.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,625	1,090	540	4.8	6.2	3.4
60 minutes and over	1,870	1,485	390	5.6	8.4	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,540	17,705	15,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,305	1,815	495	6.9	10.3	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,130	4,135	2,000	18.3	23.4	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,020	4,540	4,485	26.9	25.6	28.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,555	3,030	4,525	22.5	17.1	28.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,880	1,490	2,390	11.6	8.4	15.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,645	2,700	1,945	13.8	15.2	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,175	8,275	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,175	590	580	7.3	7.1	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,005	7,680	7,325	92.8	92.8	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,120	6,170	5,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	890	440	450	7.3	7.1	7.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	240	265	4.1	3.9	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	205	185	3.2	3.3	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,230	5,730	5,495	92.7	92.9	92.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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