Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thompson-Nicola, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	143,680	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	132,663	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	65,065	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	59,885	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	44,347.23	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	143,680	71,330	72,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,030	10,730	10,300	14.6	15.0	14.2
0 to 4 years	6,265	3,190	3,075	4.4	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	7,225	3,640	3,585	5.0	5.1	5.0
10 to 14 years	7,535	3,905	3,635	5.2	5.5	5.0
15 to 64 years	90,185	45,180	45,015	62.8	63.3	62.2
15 to 19 years	7,185	3,790	3,400	5.0	5.3	4.7
20 to 24 years	8,030	4,225	3,805	5.6	5.9	5.3
25 to 29 years	8,900	4,645	4,255	6.2	6.5	5.9
30 to 34 years	9,245	4,685	4,560	6.4	6.6	6.3
35 to 39 years	9,280	4,625	4,655	6.5	6.5	6.4
40 to 44 years	8,165	4,085	4,085	5.7	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	8,270	4,100	4,170	5.8	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	9,095	4,385	4,705	6.3	6.1	6.5
55 to 59 years	10,480	5,080	5,405	7.3	7.1	7.5
60 to 64 years	11,540	5,560	5,980	8.0	7.8	8.3
65 years and over	32,460	15,415	17,045	22.6	21.6	23.6
65 to 69 years	10,245	5,005	5,245	7.1	7.0	7.2
70 to 74 years	8,795	4,300	4,495	6.1	6.0	6.2
75 to 79 years	5,795	2,795	3,000	4.0	3.9	4.1
80 to 84 years	3,960	1,865	2,100	2.8	2.6	2.9
85 years and over	3,670	1,460	2,210	2.6	2.0	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,325	980	1,345	1.6	1.4	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,030	390	640	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	270	75	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.0	14.2	14.6	15.0	14.2
15 to 64 years	62.8	63.3	62.2	62.8	63.3	62.2
65 years and over	22.6	21.6	23.6	22.6	21.6	23.6
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.1	2.6	2.0	3.1
Average age of the population	44.1	43.3	44.9	44.1	43.3	44.9
Median age of the population	45.2	43.6	46.4	45.2	43.6	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,835	...	...	58.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,730	...	...	6.2	...	...
Row house	4,685	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,230	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,885	...	...	13.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	860	...	...	1.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,535	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,115	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	23,360	...	...	39.0	...	...
3 persons	8,305	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	7,125	...	...	11.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,980	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	122,650	60,595	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	70,985	35,425	35,565	57.9	58.5	57.3
Married	55,260	27,565	27,695	45.1	45.5	44.6
Living common-law	15,730	7,860	7,865	12.8	13.0	12.7
Living common law - Never married	10,870	5,465	5,400	8.9	9.0	8.7
Living common law - Separated	840	430	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	3,590	1,785	1,805	2.9	2.9	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	430	175	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	51,660	25,165	26,490	42.1	41.5	42.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,900	18,010	13,890	26.0	29.7	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,735	1,670	2,065	3.0	2.8	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,735	3,795	4,940	7.1	6.3	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,290	1,695	5,590	5.9	2.8	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	40,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,290	...	...	59.6	...	...
3 persons	7,560	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	6,515	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,410	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	40,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	34,465	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	26,610	...	...	65.3	...	...
With children⁶	11,440	...	...	28.1	...	...
Without children	15,165	...	...	37.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,860	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,755	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	5,105	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,310	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,750	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,565	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	139,260	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	110,120	54,685	55,435	79.1	79.0	79.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	68,935	34,420	34,510	49.5	49.7	49.3
Parents in one-parent families	6,315	1,560	4,750	4.5	2.3	6.8
Children⁶	34,875	18,700	16,175	25.0	27.0	23.1
In a two-parent family	25,475	13,455	12,015	18.3	19.4	17.2
In a one-parent family	9,405	5,245	4,165	6.8	7.6	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,145	14,530	14,615	20.9	21.0	20.9
Living alone	17,115	8,135	8,980	12.3	11.8	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	3,600	1,590	2,010	2.6	2.3	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	8,430	4,805	3,625	6.1	6.9	5.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,945	...	...	58.4	...	...
Couple-family households	30,310	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,350	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	17,955	...	...	30.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,635	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,525	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	470	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,580	...	...	4.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,255	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	17,115	...	...	28.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	118,305	58,520	59,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,190	56,995	58,200	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	34,800	40,800	48,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,240	57,020	58,215	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	32,400	37,600	44,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,915	51,405	50,510	86.1	87.8	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,400	27,000	34,800	44,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,430	41,175	38,260	67.1	70.4	64.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	30,400	37,600	47,200	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,435	45,065	51,370	81.5	77.0	85.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	11,000	11,500	11,300	11,000	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,715	5,910	5,800	9.9	10.1	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,560	5,520	5,520	5,560	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,510	13,315	14,195	23.3	22.8	23.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	118,290	58,505	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,125	56,905	58,220	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,750	61,050	42,600	51,750	61,050	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,145	56,910	58,235	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	51,350	37,680	44,440	51,350	37,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,685	50,935	50,755	86.0	87.1	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	57,950	36,720	47,360	57,950	36,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,425	41,025	38,400	67.1	70.1	64.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040	57,750	37,680	48,040	57,750	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,195	44,910	51,290	81.3	76.8	85.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,860	11,670	12,030	11,860	11,670	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,885	5,945	5,935	10.0	10.2	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,340	6,850	6,600	6,340	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,525	13,210	14,305	23.3	22.6	23.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,400	8,850	8,630	8,400	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	118,290	58,505	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,350	19,880	15,465	29.9	34.0	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	74,000	54,800	64,000	74,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	81,700	59,850	72,100	81,700	59,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,855	15,325	17,535	27.8	26.2	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	26,000	17,400	21,000	26,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600	41,200	25,100	32,600	41,200	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.0	75.2	80.8	85.0	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.0	68.2	58.4	64.0	68.2	58.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	15.1	24.9	19.2	15.1	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.7	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	5.1	4.0	3.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	118,305	58,525	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,115	1,530	1,585	2.6	2.6	2.7
With total income	115,195	56,995	58,200	97.4	97.4	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,900	4,155	5,745	8.6	7.3	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	13,890	5,410	8,480	12.1	9.5	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	17,895	7,465	10,430	15.5	13.1	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,910	6,405	8,505	12.9	11.2	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,805	5,700	7,105	11.1	10.0	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,535	5,085	5,445	9.1	8.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,065	4,465	3,605	7.0	7.8	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,090	3,600	2,490	5.3	6.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,900	3,080	1,820	4.3	5.4	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,820	2,410	1,415	3.3	4.2	2.4
$100,000 and over	12,375	9,225	3,155	10.7	16.2	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	8,940	6,500	2,440	7.8	11.4	4.2
$150,000 and over	3,440	2,725	715	3.0	4.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	118,305	58,525	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,065	1,505	1,565	2.6	2.6	2.6
With after-tax income	115,240	57,025	58,220	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,300	4,275	6,025	8.9	7.5	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	14,320	5,580	8,740	12.4	9.8	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	20,025	8,365	11,660	17.4	14.7	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	17,160	7,540	9,620	14.9	13.2	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,415	6,715	7,705	12.5	11.8	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,120	5,955	5,165	9.6	10.4	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,040	4,815	3,225	7.0	8.4	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,005	3,785	2,220	5.2	6.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,435	2,900	1,535	3.8	5.1	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	2,165	870	2.6	3.8	1.5
$100,000 and over	6,380	4,925	1,460	5.5	8.6	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,690	2,845	850	3.2	5.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,690	2,085	610	2.3	3.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	118,305	58,525	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,875	17,350	21,525	32.9	29.6	36.0
With employment income	79,430	41,170	38,255	67.1	70.3	64.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,560	5,530	6,025	14.6	13.4	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,960	2,560	3,400	7.5	6.2	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,200	3,915	5,285	11.6	9.5	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,505	3,320	4,185	9.4	8.1	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,230	3,055	4,175	9.1	7.4	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,690	2,975	3,715	8.4	7.2	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,050	2,855	3,195	7.6	6.9	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,000	2,830	2,170	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,450	1,635	5.1	6.0	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	2,330	1,335	4.6	5.7	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,010	1,960	1,050	3.8	4.8	2.7
$100,000 and over	9,470	7,400	2,070	11.9	18.0	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,795	3,520	1,275	6.0	8.5	3.3
$125,000 and over	4,670	3,880	795	5.9	9.4	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	118,305	58,520	59,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	112,355	55,520	56,835	95.0	94.9	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,400	31,800	38,800	48,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	112,635	55,555	57,080	95.2	94.9	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	29,200	35,200	43,200	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,250	50,950	50,300	85.6	87.1	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	46,000	28,000	35,600	46,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,850	42,650	40,200	70.0	72.9	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	47,200	29,200	36,400	47,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,485	35,095	44,390	67.2	60.0	74.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,200	8,400	8,800	9,200	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,885	5,095	4,790	8.4	8.7	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,560	5,480	5,400	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	118,290	58,505	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	112,175	55,410	56,765	94.8	94.7	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	60,000	39,800	49,760	60,000	39,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	112,430	55,450	56,980	95.0	94.8	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	49,840	34,680	42,160	49,840	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,960	50,550	50,410	85.3	86.4	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	58,800	36,480	47,680	58,800	36,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,550	42,390	40,165	69.8	72.5	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	57,000	35,960	46,760	57,000	35,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,425	34,985	44,440	67.1	59.8	74.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,710	10,040	9,450	9,710	10,040	9,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,005	5,135	4,870	8.5	8.8	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,460	7,680	7,050	6,460	7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	118,290	58,505	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,975	19,640	15,330	29.6	33.6	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,500	50,400	60,800	71,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,400	78,900	54,950	68,400	78,900	54,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,915	14,445	16,470	26.1	24.7	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	34,000	22,400	26,600	34,000	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,360	48,720	29,280	38,360	48,720	29,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.4	81.4	86.2	89.4	81.4
Employment income (%)	69.2	72.6	64.0	69.2	72.6	64.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.6	18.6	13.8	10.6	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	59,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	42,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	59,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...	99,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,240	...	...	50,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,440	...	...	43,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	42,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	660	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,445	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,530	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,020	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,035	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,320	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,265	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,630	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,290	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,870	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,620	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,315	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,765	...	...	39.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,010	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,330	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,420	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,005	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	725	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,480	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,650	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,280	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,370	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,690	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,590	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,625	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,265	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,860	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,700	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,280	...	...	32.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,305	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,875	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,100	...	...	11.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	40,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,540	12,940	12,605	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,200	34,400	36,400	39,200	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,000	32,400	34,000	36,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	40,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,800	...	...	153,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,545	12,860	12,680	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,200	49,240	43,160	46,200	49,240	43,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,240	42,280	38,200	40,240	42,280	38,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,225	12,940	12,290	18.1	18.7	17.5
0 to 5 years	7,680	3,920	3,755	5.5	5.7	5.4
18 to 64 years	84,055	41,735	42,320	60.4	60.3	60.4
65 years and over	29,980	14,535	15,445	21.5	21.0	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,330	6,740	7,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,600	1,365	1,230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	790	410	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,695	3,725	3,970	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,035	1,650	2,385	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.7	10.8	10.3	9.7	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.6	10.0	10.3	10.6	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.6	10.0	10.3	10.6	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.9	9.4	9.2	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	13.5	11.4	15.4	13.5	11.4	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	131,440	65,250	66,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,885	12,260	11,620	18.2	18.8	17.6
0 to 5 years	7,335	3,735	3,600	5.6	5.7	5.4
18 to 64 years	79,365	39,345	40,020	60.4	60.3	60.5
65 years and over	28,190	13,640	14,545	21.4	20.9	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,680	2,455	2,225	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	675	360	320	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	95	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,675	1,960	1,715	...	...	...
65 years and over	335	145	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.0	4.3	4.6	5.0	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,760	32,770	34,995	48.7	47.3	50.0
In bottom decile	14,165	6,900	7,265	10.2	10.0	10.4
In second decile	13,400	6,225	7,180	9.6	9.0	10.2
In third decile	13,450	6,495	6,960	9.7	9.4	9.9
In fourth decile	13,190	6,415	6,780	9.5	9.3	9.7
In fifth decile	13,545	6,735	6,810	9.7	9.7	9.7
In top half of the distribution	71,505	36,445	35,060	51.3	52.7	50.0
In sixth decile	13,760	6,855	6,900	9.9	9.9	9.9
In seventh decile	14,350	7,240	7,105	10.3	10.5	10.1
In eighth decile	14,585	7,380	7,205	10.5	10.7	10.3
In ninth decile	15,795	8,165	7,630	11.3	11.8	10.9
In top decile	13,015	6,800	6,215	9.3	9.8	8.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	139,260	...	...	139,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	141,560	70,375	71,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	133,955	66,945	67,010	94.6	95.1	94.1
French only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,055	3,180	3,870	5.0	4.5	5.4
Neither English nor French	535	235	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	141,560	70,375	71,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	139,685	69,450	70,235	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	1,240	640	600	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	495	210	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	141,560	70,375	71,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	139,205	69,255	69,945	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	127,575	63,600	63,975	90.1	90.4	89.9
English	126,160	62,880	63,285	89.1	89.3	88.9
French	1,410	720	690	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	11,625	5,660	5,965	8.2	8.0	8.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	210	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,215	5,445	5,770	7.9	7.7	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	720	260	460	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	205	360	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	130	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,965	3,990	3,970	5.6	5.7	5.6
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,075	490	585	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,060	480	575	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	270	100	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,110	1,005	1,105	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,410	665	745	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	1,305	610	695	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	525	265	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	390	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,975	1,620	1,350	2.1	2.3	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,845	1,560	1,290	2.0	2.2	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	125	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	405	255	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,955	1,000	960	1.4	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,705	810	895	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	850	420	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	230	105	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	525	235	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	210	65	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	445	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	930	440	490	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	535	240	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	175	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	245	105	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,360	1,120	1,240	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	440	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,735	830	905	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	141,560	70,375	71,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	129,900	64,720	65,175	91.8	92.0	91.6
French	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,250	1,130	1,120	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,215	1,110	1,100	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and French	945	420	530	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	7,915	3,815	4,100	5.6	5.4	5.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	100	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	170	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	141,560	70,375	71,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	139,975	69,610	70,360	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	135,305	67,250	68,060	95.6	95.6	95.6
English	135,050	67,105	67,945	95.4	95.4	95.4
French	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,670	2,365	2,305	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,605	2,325	2,285	3.3	3.3	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,000	1,525	1,480	2.1	2.2	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	105	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	350	150	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	225	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	200	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,890	1,030	860	1.3	1.5	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,835	1,005	835	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	250	165	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,340	690	655	0.9	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	225	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	275	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	555	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,590	765	825	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	690	720	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	141,560	70,375	71,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	133,615	66,560	67,050	94.4	94.6	94.2
English	2,020	1,020	1,000	1.4	1.4	1.4
French	755	325	435	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	4,195	1,995	2,200	3.0	2.8	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,890	1,835	2,050	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	325	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	480	230	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	139,265	69,215	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	138,760	68,960	69,800	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	138,760	68,960	69,800	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	7,020	3,090	3,930	5.0	4.5	5.6
Non-official languages	17,350	8,520	8,835	12.5	12.3	12.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,365	695	670	1.0	1.0	1.0
Algonquian languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	1,080	555	515	0.8	0.8	0.7
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	410	240	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	500	230	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,005	7,830	8,175	11.5	11.3	11.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	155	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,010	385	635	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	910	330	575	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	320	170	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,620	5,765	5,855	8.3	8.3	8.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,190	510	685	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,190	510	680	0.9	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	420	160	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,080	1,375	1,710	2.2	2.0	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,135	920	1,215	1.5	1.3	1.7
German	2,045	865	1,180	1.5	1.2	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	755	365	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	425	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	270	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,045	2,260	1,785	2.9	3.3	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,890	2,170	1,720	2.8	3.1	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	185	120	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,630	875	755	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,645	1,460	1,185	1.9	2.1	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	350	210	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	110	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,535	1,715	1,820	2.5	2.5	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,170	575	595	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	340	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,000	965	1,035	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	575	250	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	360	205	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,100	585	515	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese languages	1,080	570	510	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	765	385	380	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	395	225	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	335	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	19,420	9,625	9,800	13.9	13.9	14.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	18,625	9,260	9,370	13.4	13.4	13.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,675	6,325	6,350	9.1	9.1	9.1
Métis	5,890	2,900	2,990	4.2	4.2	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	475	230	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	315	135	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	119,845	59,595	60,255	86.1	86.1	86.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,530	5,190	5,340	7.6	7.5	7.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,730	64,020	64,710	92.4	92.5	92.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,025	...	...	73.5	...	...
Renter	15,245	...	...	25.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	615	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,380	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not condominium	51,500	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	565	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	6,515	...	...	10.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,765	...	...	24.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,670	...	...	31.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,365	...	...	32.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,180	...	...	25.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,965	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	8,300	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	7,255	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,180	...	...	33.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,220	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	660	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	57,925	...	...	96.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,965	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,350	...	...	10.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	22,870	...	...	38.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,765	...	...	11.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,355	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,720	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,400	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,295	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,120	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	56,000	...	...	93.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,880	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,605	...	...	49.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,130	...	...	45.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,150	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,845	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,655	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,150	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,580	...	...	16.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,555	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,250	...	...	18.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,040	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,820	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	55,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,970	...	...	82.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,020	...	...	17.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,070	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	59,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,700	...	...	24.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,100	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,485	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,975	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	655	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,190	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,580	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	49,455	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.3	...	...	57.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	531,000	...	...	531,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,815	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,203	...	...	1,203	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	615	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	416	...	...	416	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	438	...	...	438	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	139,260	69,210	70,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,355	4,200	4,155	6.0	6.1	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,215	4,135	4,080	5.9	6.0	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,140	3,555	3,580	5.1	5.1	5.1
Métis single ancestry	1,055	565	490	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,940	5,875	6,060	8.6	8.5	8.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	11,460	5,650	5,805	8.2	8.2	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,720	3,875	3,845	5.5	5.6	5.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,670	1,730	1,935	2.6	2.5	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	485	225	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	455	205	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,970	59,140	59,835	85.4	85.5	85.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	139,260	69,210	70,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	132,690	65,885	66,805	95.3	95.2	95.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,790	12,695	12,095	17.8	18.3	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	107,900	53,190	54,705	77.5	76.9	78.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,575	3,325	3,250	4.7	4.8	4.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	139,260	69,210	70,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	123,200	61,245	61,950	88.5	88.5	88.4
Immigrants⁸¹	13,185	6,370	6,820	9.5	9.2	9.7
Before 1980	5,435	2,680	2,755	3.9	3.9	3.9
1980 to 1990	1,435	670	760	1.0	1.0	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,450	680	765	1.0	1.0	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,950	895	1,060	1.4	1.3	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,920	1,445	1,475	2.1	2.1	2.1
2011 to 2015	1,250	620	635	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	1,670	830	840	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,875	1,595	1,280	2.1	2.3	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,185	6,370	6,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,740	930	810	13.2	14.6	11.9
5 to 14 years	2,455	1,295	1,160	18.6	20.3	17.0
15 to 24 years	2,865	1,340	1,525	21.7	21.0	22.4
25 to 44 years	5,175	2,395	2,775	39.2	37.6	40.7
45 years and over	950	400	545	7.2	6.3	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,185	6,370	6,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,000	925	1,075	15.2	14.5	15.8
Brazil	50	15	35	0.4	0.2	0.5
Colombia	65	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexico	135	75	60	1.0	1.2	0.9
Peru	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United States of America	1,410	625	785	10.7	9.8	11.5
Other places of birth in Americas	200	110	95	1.5	1.7	1.4
Europe	6,055	2,985	3,075	45.9	46.9	45.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Croatia	120	70	50	0.9	1.1	0.7
France	80	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	855	405	445	6.5	6.4	6.5
Greece	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	85	55	30	0.6	0.9	0.4
Italy	585	275	310	4.4	4.3	4.5
Netherlands	380	195	190	2.9	3.1	2.8
Poland	175	105	65	1.3	1.6	1.0
Portugal	110	55	50	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romania	115	55	55	0.9	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	90	30	65	0.7	0.5	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	80	30	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,425	1,185	1,240	18.4	18.6	18.2
Other places of birth in Europe	855	425	425	6.5	6.7	6.2
Africa	680	395	285	5.2	6.2	4.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	100	65	35	0.8	1.0	0.5
Somalia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	340	200	140	2.6	3.1	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	200	105	90	1.5	1.6	1.3
Asia	4,080	1,890	2,190	30.9	29.7	32.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	75	50	30	0.6	0.8	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	360	180	180	2.7	2.8	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	55	60	0.8	0.9	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	185	95	85	1.4	1.5	1.2
Taiwan	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	920	350	565	7.0	5.5	8.3
Viet Nam	95	45	55	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bangladesh	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	1,495	745	750	11.3	11.7	11.0
Pakistan	195	85	110	1.5	1.3	1.6
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	175	275	3.5	2.7	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	365	175	195	2.8	2.7	2.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,670	830	845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	70	75	8.7	8.4	8.9
Brazil	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
Colombia	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	10	1.8	2.4	1.2
United States of America	65	30	35	3.9	3.6	4.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	0	1.2	1.8	0.0
Europe	245	110	130	14.7	13.3	15.4
France	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Germany	25	10	15	1.5	1.2	1.8
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Ukraine	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	60	7.2	7.8	7.1
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30	3.0	2.4	3.6
Africa	205	115	95	12.3	13.9	11.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	40	10	3.0	4.8	1.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	40	5.1	5.4	4.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	3.0	2.4	3.6
Asia	1,000	485	510	59.9	58.4	60.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15	3.0	4.2	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
India	335	185	150	20.1	22.3	17.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	3.0	3.0	3.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	2.4	2.4	2.4
Philippines	365	150	215	21.9	18.1	25.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	1.8	2.4	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	10	40	3.3	1.2	4.7
Oceania and other⁹³	80	45	30	4.8	5.4	3.6
Australia	60	40	20	3.6	4.8	2.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	139,265	69,215	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,255	8,505	8,750	12.4	12.3	12.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,315	10,995	11,320	16.0	15.9	16.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	99,695	49,720	49,975	71.6	71.8	71.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,750	3,690	4,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,170	2,185	1,985	53.8	59.2	48.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,895	1,100	790	24.5	29.8	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,280	1,080	1,195	29.4	29.3	29.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,950	1,140	1,805	38.1	30.9	44.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	540	295	240	7.0	8.0	5.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	65	25	1.2	1.8	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,750	3,690	4,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	85	40	1.6	2.3	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,585	745	835	20.5	20.2	20.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	325	150	175	4.2	4.1	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	670	310	360	8.6	8.4	8.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,980	2,370	2,615	64.3	64.2	64.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,075	6,015	6,055	8.7	8.7	8.6
South Asian	4,940	2,665	2,275	3.5	3.9	3.2
Chinese	1,495	765	730	1.1	1.1	1.0
Black	1,200	580	615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Filipino	1,280	490	785	0.9	0.7	1.1
Arab	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	585	275	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	390	210	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	375	220	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	1,025	455	570	0.7	0.7	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	127,190	63,195	64,000	91.3	91.3	91.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	139,265	69,215	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,615	9,515	9,100	13.4	13.7	13.0
English	39,935	19,220	20,715	28.7	27.8	29.6
Irish	24,480	11,685	12,795	17.6	16.9	18.3
Scottish	30,985	14,850	16,140	22.2	21.5	23.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,060	6,260	6,800	9.4	9.0	9.7
German	22,525	11,145	11,380	16.2	16.1	16.2
Chinese	1,680	815	860	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	6,605	3,320	3,285	4.7	4.8	4.7
Indian (India)	2,970	1,600	1,365	2.1	2.3	1.9
Ukrainian	9,305	4,570	4,740	6.7	6.6	6.8
Dutch	7,000	3,525	3,480	5.0	5.1	5.0
Polish	4,715	2,235	2,480	3.4	3.2	3.5
Québécois	205	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,500	2,780	2,720	3.9	4.0	3.9
Filipino	1,345	525	820	1.0	0.8	1.2
French Canadian	1,500	750	750	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,880	1,495	1,385	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,790	3,820	3,965	5.6	5.5	5.7
Métis	5,335	2,585	2,755	3.8	3.7	3.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,595	1,715	1,880	2.6	2.5	2.7
Russian	3,865	1,780	2,085	2.8	2.6	3.0
Norwegian	5,870	2,770	3,105	4.2	4.0	4.4
Welsh	3,580	1,690	1,890	2.6	2.4	2.7
Portuguese	695	320	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	2,775	1,410	1,365	2.0	2.0	1.9
Spanish	1,020	420	600	0.7	0.6	0.9
Swedish	4,835	2,345	2,490	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hungarian	2,060	1,020	1,050	1.5	1.5	1.5
Acadian	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	515	200	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jewish	445	195	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	635	335	300	0.5	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	510	235	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	345	170	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,535	770	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
Korean	355	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	920	445	480	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,095	1,005	1,090	1.5	1.5	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,425	745	675	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sikh	700	395	300	0.5	0.6	0.4
Austrian	1,830	940	890	1.3	1.4	1.3
Belgian	730	340	390	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	595	355	240	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	445	240	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	1,260	640	620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	1,435	685	755	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	580	295	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,220	555	675	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	165	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,315	590	725	0.9	0.9	1.0
Muslim	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	880	445	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	600	300	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	325	190	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	220	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	50	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	380	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	370	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	215	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	325	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	410	235	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	245	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	220	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	205	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	900	415	485	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	165	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	139,265	69,210	70,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	570	240	325	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	46,415	20,925	25,490	33.3	30.2	36.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,705	5,040	5,665	7.7	7.3	8.1
Anabaptist	230	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anglican	4,865	2,055	2,810	3.5	3.0	4.0
Baptist	1,840	785	1,055	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	14,690	7,000	7,685	10.5	10.1	11.0
Christian Orthodox	515	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,105	525	585	0.8	0.8	0.8
Latter Day Saints	530	210	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	1,945	795	1,150	1.4	1.1	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,290	620	675	0.9	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	655	270	385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,030	1,935	3,100	3.6	2.8	4.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,750	1,220	1,530	2.0	1.8	2.2
Hindu	1,115	605	510	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jewish	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	960	530	430	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	2,330	1,300	1,035	1.7	1.9	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	975	475	500	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,510	595	915	1.1	0.9	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	85,280	44,490	40,790	61.2	64.3	58.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	138,075	68,645	69,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	119,010	59,380	59,630	86.2	86.5	85.9
Movers	19,060	9,265	9,800	13.8	13.5	14.1
Non-migrants	11,315	5,390	5,920	8.2	7.9	8.5
Migrants	7,750	3,870	3,880	5.6	5.6	5.6
Internal migrants	7,030	3,540	3,490	5.1	5.2	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,350	2,715	2,630	3.9	4.0	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,680	820	860	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	720	330	390	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	133,035	66,030	67,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,130	36,395	36,735	55.0	55.1	54.8
Movers	59,905	29,640	30,270	45.0	44.9	45.2
Non-migrants	24,825	12,175	12,645	18.7	18.4	18.9
Migrants	35,080	17,460	17,620	26.4	26.4	26.3
Internal migrants	31,420	15,570	15,850	23.6	23.6	23.7
Intraprovincial migrants	25,265	12,495	12,775	19.0	18.9	19.1
Interprovincial migrants	6,150	3,075	3,080	4.6	4.7	4.6
External migrants	3,660	1,895	1,770	2.8	2.9	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,290	58,510	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,255	11,965	9,300	18.0	20.4	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,030	46,545	50,485	82.0	79.6	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,465	36,260	37,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,040	4,805	3,240	10.9	13.3	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,425	31,460	33,965	89.1	86.8	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,290	58,505	59,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,945	9,740	8,205	15.2	16.6	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	39,830	19,705	20,120	33.7	33.7	33.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,510	29,060	31,455	51.2	49.7	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,895	20,455	19,440	33.7	35.0	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,360	10,680	2,685	11.3	18.3	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,790	2,910	1,885	4.0	5.0	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,575	7,775	805	7.2	13.3	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,070	7,780	13,290	17.8	13.3	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,465	1,995	3,465	4.6	3.4	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,615	8,600	12,015	17.4	14.7	20.1
Bachelor's degree	13,655	5,640	8,015	11.5	9.6	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,665	635	1,030	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	385	255	0.5	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	4,115	1,655	2,460	3.5	2.8	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	295	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,460	36,265	37,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,470	3,800	2,675	8.8	10.5	7.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,185	12,010	11,175	31.6	33.1	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,805	20,455	23,355	59.6	56.4	62.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,715	14,095	13,620	37.7	38.9	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,940	7,180	1,760	12.2	19.8	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,170	1,930	1,240	4.3	5.3	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,770	5,250	520	7.9	14.5	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,750	5,415	9,335	20.1	14.9	25.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,030	1,505	2,530	5.5	4.2	6.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,085	6,355	9,730	21.9	17.5	26.2
Bachelor's degree	10,780	4,290	6,485	14.7	11.8	17.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,275	470	800	1.7	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	255	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	3,190	1,175	2,015	4.3	3.2	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	375	175	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	118,285	58,505	59,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	57,780	29,445	28,330	48.8	50.3	47.4
Education	4,815	1,220	3,590	4.1	2.1	6.0
13. Education	4,815	1,220	3,590	4.1	2.1	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,290	590	705	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	495	670	1.0	0.8	1.1
Humanities	2,170	835	1,335	1.8	1.4	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	40	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	555	160	400	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	695	225	470	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	305	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,880	1,505	3,375	4.1	2.6	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	170	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,095	60	1,035	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,005	290	715	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	810	220	590	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,425	725	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	11,525	3,850	7,675	9.7	6.6	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,630	240	1,385	1.4	0.4	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,880	3,605	6,275	8.4	6.2	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,100	1,045	1,050	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	925	395	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	225	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	480	360	125	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,485	880	600	1.3	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,210	795	415	1.0	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	125	0	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,625	13,650	980	12.4	23.3	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	175	115	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,525	1,280	245	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,550	2,240	310	2.2	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,175	4,015	155	3.5	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,345	4,210	140	3.7	7.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,860	1,790	60	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,715	1,635	1,080	2.3	2.8	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	455	540	0.8	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,720	1,180	540	1.5	2.0	0.9
Health and related fields	10,695	1,580	9,115	9.0	2.7	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	245	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,980	1,185	8,795	8.4	2.0	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,200	2,265	1,935	3.6	3.9	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,400	690	1,710	2.0	1.2	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	650	485	165	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,140	1,075	60	1.0	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,465	36,260	37,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,660	15,810	13,850	40.4	43.6	37.2
Education	3,090	640	2,450	4.2	1.8	6.6
13. Education	3,090	640	2,450	4.2	1.8	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	450	595	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	995	415	580	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	1,595	605	995	2.2	1.7	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	405	110	290	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	160	325	0.7	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,820	1,095	2,720	5.2	3.0	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	125	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	55	825	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	820	200	625	1.1	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	620	145	470	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,100	555	540	1.5	1.5	1.5
Business, management and public administration	8,495	2,895	5,600	11.6	8.0	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,200	170	1,030	1.6	0.5	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,295	2,730	4,565	9.9	7.5	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,540	750	790	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	285	420	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	170	235	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	350	260	90	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,215	775	440	1.7	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,045	715	330	1.4	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,015	9,230	790	13.6	25.5	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	140	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,135	940	195	1.5	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,785	1,525	260	2.4	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,875	2,755	120	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,840	2,730	115	3.9	7.5	0.3
48. Precision production	1,240	1,185	55	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,120	1,165	950	2.9	3.2	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	790	315	470	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,330	850	480	1.8	2.3	1.3
Health and related fields	7,840	1,220	6,625	10.7	3.4	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	190	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,265	915	6,345	9.9	2.5	17.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,010	1,635	1,375	4.1	4.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,730	545	1,185	2.4	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	330	130	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	820	760	60	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,465	36,260	37,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,660	15,810	13,850	40.4	43.6	37.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,800	20,450	23,350	59.6	56.4	62.8
Location of study inside Canada	39,685	18,440	21,245	54.0	50.9	57.1
Same as province or territory of residence	32,455	14,985	17,470	44.2	41.3	47.0
Different than province or territory of residence	7,225	3,450	3,775	9.8	9.5	10.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,125	2,015	2,105	5.6	5.6	5.7
Americas	990	460	535	1.3	1.3	1.4
United States of America	805	385	425	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,045	545	500	1.4	1.5	1.3
Belgium	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	535	295	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	280	140	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,585	760	820	2.2	2.1	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	315	90	225	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	720	455	275	1.0	1.3	0.7
Pakistan	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	118,290	58,505	59,780	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,385	37,385	34,000	...	...	...
Employed	65,635	34,295	31,340	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,750	3,090	2,660	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	46,900	21,120	25,780	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.3	63.9	56.9	60.3	63.9	56.9
Employment rate	55.5	58.6	52.4	55.5	58.6	52.4
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.3	7.8	8.1	8.3	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	118,285	58,505	59,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,865	21,525	25,340	39.6	36.8	42.4
Worked	71,425	36,985	34,440	60.4	63.2	57.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,360	20,525	15,835	30.7	35.1	26.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,065	16,460	18,610	29.6	28.1	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.6	40.2	40.9	41.6	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,385	37,380	34,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	790	655	2.0	2.1	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	69,940	36,595	33,350	98.0	97.9	98.1
Employee	59,885	30,805	29,080	83.9	82.4	85.5
Permanent position	49,925	26,200	23,720	69.9	70.1	69.8
Temporary position	9,960	4,605	5,360	14.0	12.3	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,435	980	1,455	3.4	2.6	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,525	3,625	3,900	10.5	9.7	11.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,055	5,790	4,265	14.1	15.5	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,385	37,380	34,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	790	655	2.0	2.1	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	69,940	36,595	33,350	98.0	97.9	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	310	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,070	2,430	7,640	14.1	6.5	22.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,935	2,980	960	5.5	8.0	2.8
3 Health occupations	6,220	1,105	5,120	8.7	3.0	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,350	2,730	5,620	11.7	7.3	16.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,530	590	945	2.1	1.6	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	18,145	7,625	10,520	25.4	20.4	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,475	14,140	1,335	21.7	37.8	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,545	2,805	740	5.0	7.5	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,205	1,885	320	3.1	5.0	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,385	37,380	34,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	790	655	2.0	2.1	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	69,940	36,595	33,350	98.0	97.9	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,390	1,690	705	3.3	4.5	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,600	2,305	300	3.6	6.2	0.9
22 Utilities	445	345	105	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	6,845	5,825	1,025	9.6	15.6	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,405	2,735	670	4.8	7.3	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,825	1,370	455	2.6	3.7	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	8,825	4,165	4,665	12.4	11.1	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,025	3,250	780	5.6	8.7	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	675	370	300	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,425	435	985	2.0	1.2	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,040	500	545	1.5	1.3	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,120	2,040	2,080	5.8	5.5	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,905	1,690	1,210	4.1	4.5	3.6
61 Educational services	4,725	1,440	3,290	6.6	3.9	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	10,075	1,655	8,420	14.1	4.4	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,755	875	880	2.5	2.3	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	5,215	2,135	3,085	7.3	5.7	9.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,985	1,480	1,500	4.2	4.0	4.4
91 Public administration	4,535	2,225	2,310	6.4	6.0	6.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	77,305	40,045	37,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,075	39,505	36,570	98.4	98.7	98.1
French	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	270	80	190	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	705	325	380	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	77,305	40,045	37,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	77,190	39,990	37,200	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	76,895	39,830	37,065	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	76,770	39,785	36,990	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	290	160	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	155	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	120	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	77,305	40,045	37,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,445	39,695	36,750	98.9	99.1	98.6
English	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	185	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	420	185	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	335	170	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,635	34,295	31,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,265	3,980	5,285	14.1	11.6	16.9
Worked outside Canada	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,870	8,270	2,600	16.6	24.1	8.3
Usual place of work	45,415	21,980	23,435	69.2	64.1	74.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	45,410	21,980	23,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,735	14,895	18,840	74.3	67.8	80.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,895	5,865	4,030	21.8	26.7	17.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,385	895	485	3.0	4.1	2.1
Commute to a different province or territory	405	325	80	0.9	1.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	56,280	30,245	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	49,275	26,915	22,360	87.6	89.0	85.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,955	25,300	20,655	81.7	83.7	79.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,320	1,615	1,705	5.9	5.3	6.6
Public transit	1,915	810	1,105	3.4	2.7	4.2
Walked	3,270	1,320	1,945	5.8	4.4	7.5
Bicycle	470	345	125	0.8	1.1	0.5
Other method	1,345	850	495	2.4	2.8	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	56,280	30,245	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,215	11,520	12,695	43.0	38.1	48.8
15 to 29 minutes	20,995	11,225	9,770	37.3	37.1	37.5
30 to 44 minutes	5,360	3,375	1,985	9.5	11.2	7.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,500	1,605	895	4.4	5.3	3.4
60 minutes and over	3,210	2,530	680	5.7	8.4	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	56,280	30,245	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,580	3,610	975	8.1	11.9	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,240	6,855	3,385	18.2	22.7	13.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,225	7,820	7,410	27.1	25.9	28.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,645	4,560	7,075	20.7	15.1	27.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,020	2,445	3,580	10.7	8.1	13.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,570	4,960	3,610	15.2	16.4	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,730	13,230	12,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,575	790	780	6.1	6.0	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,155	12,440	11,720	93.9	94.0	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,970	9,780	9,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,215	615	600	6.4	6.3	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705	340	360	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	270	240	2.7	2.8	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,755	9,165	8,595	93.6	93.7	93.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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