Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Comox Valley, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,445	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	66,527	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,412	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	31,939	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	42.7	...	...	42.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,697.03	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,445	34,970	37,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,930	5,120	4,810	13.7	14.6	12.8
0 to 4 years	2,750	1,400	1,355	3.8	4.0	3.6
5 to 9 years	3,570	1,790	1,780	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	3,615	1,940	1,675	5.0	5.5	4.5
15 to 64 years	41,925	20,225	21,700	57.9	57.8	57.9
15 to 19 years	3,270	1,740	1,535	4.5	5.0	4.1
20 to 24 years	2,795	1,480	1,315	3.9	4.2	3.5
25 to 29 years	3,200	1,565	1,635	4.4	4.5	4.4
30 to 34 years	3,830	1,865	1,970	5.3	5.3	5.3
35 to 39 years	4,340	2,075	2,265	6.0	5.9	6.0
40 to 44 years	4,190	1,990	2,200	5.8	5.7	5.9
45 to 49 years	4,115	2,010	2,110	5.7	5.7	5.6
50 to 54 years	4,215	1,955	2,260	5.8	5.6	6.0
55 to 59 years	5,605	2,600	3,010	7.7	7.4	8.0
60 to 64 years	6,360	2,945	3,415	8.8	8.4	9.1
65 years and over	20,585	9,625	10,965	28.4	27.5	29.3
65 to 69 years	6,215	2,815	3,395	8.6	8.0	9.1
70 to 74 years	5,670	2,735	2,935	7.8	7.8	7.8
75 to 79 years	3,930	1,905	2,030	5.4	5.4	5.4
80 to 84 years	2,440	1,175	1,260	3.4	3.4	3.4
85 years and over	2,335	995	1,345	3.2	2.8	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,485	670	820	2.0	1.9	2.2
90 to 94 years	625	255	370	0.9	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	195	65	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.6	12.8	13.7	14.6	12.8
15 to 64 years	57.9	57.8	57.9	57.9	57.8	57.9
65 years and over	28.4	27.5	29.3	28.4	27.5	29.3
85 years and over	3.2	2.8	3.6	3.2	2.8	3.6
Average age of the population	47.4	46.4	48.3	47.4	46.4	48.3
Median age of the population	50.8	49.2	52.0	50.8	49.2	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	31,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,385	...	...	67.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,875	...	...	9.0	...	...
Row house	1,720	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	920	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,690	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,225	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	31,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,370	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	13,380	...	...	41.9	...	...
3 persons	4,210	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	3,315	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,660	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	71,110	34,385	36,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	62,510	29,845	32,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	38,095	18,925	19,170	60.9	63.4	58.7
Married	30,170	15,015	15,155	48.3	50.3	46.4
Living common-law	7,925	3,910	4,015	12.7	13.1	12.3
Living common law - Never married	5,125	2,545	2,580	8.2	8.5	7.9
Living common law - Separated	335	175	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,185	1,080	1,105	3.5	3.6	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	280	115	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	24,420	10,925	13,495	39.1	36.6	41.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,585	7,335	6,250	21.7	24.6	19.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,720	735	990	2.8	2.5	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,155	1,935	3,225	8.2	6.5	9.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,960	925	3,035	6.3	3.1	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,755	...	...	63.5	...	...
3 persons	3,840	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	2,995	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,065	...	...	4.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,655	...	...	86.1	...	...
Married couples	14,705	...	...	67.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,450	...	...	25.2	...	...
Without children	9,260	...	...	42.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,945	...	...	18.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,350	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,595	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,005	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,275	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	730	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	71,110	34,385	36,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	56,675	28,020	28,650	79.7	81.5	78.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,305	18,550	18,760	52.5	53.9	51.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,010	730	2,280	4.2	2.1	6.2
Children⁶	16,360	8,745	7,620	23.0	25.4	20.7
In a two-parent family	11,930	6,320	5,605	16.8	18.4	15.3
In a one-parent family	4,435	2,420	2,015	6.2	7.0	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,440	6,365	8,070	20.3	18.5	22.0
Living alone	9,370	3,815	5,555	13.2	11.1	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,275	530	750	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	3,795	2,025	1,770	5.3	5.9	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	31,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,180	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	16,915	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,105	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	10,815	...	...	33.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,265	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	595	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,155	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,435	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	9,370	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	61,195	29,270	31,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,745	28,545	31,200	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	34,800	40,000	47,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,800	28,575	31,225	97.7	97.6	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,400	36,800	42,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,270	26,400	27,870	88.7	90.2	87.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	39,200	24,800	31,400	39,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,285	19,055	19,230	62.6	65.1	60.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	40,000	26,000	32,000	40,000	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,300	23,450	27,855	83.8	80.1	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,900	12,700	12,800	12,900	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,380	2,625	2,755	8.8	9.0	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,360	5,480	5,480	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,850	6,280	7,570	22.6	21.5	23.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	61,210	29,270	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,735	28,605	31,120	97.6	97.7	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,960	58,600	42,040	49,960	58,600	42,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,810	28,635	31,180	97.7	97.8	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	49,520	37,000	43,000	49,520	37,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,155	26,465	27,690	88.5	90.4	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	52,750	34,640	43,520	52,750	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,285	19,205	19,080	62.5	65.6	59.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	51,700	35,120	43,440	51,700	35,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,030	23,300	27,735	83.4	79.6	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,320	11,990	12,600	12,320	11,990	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,300	2,570	2,730	8.7	8.8	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	6,375	6,660	6,520	6,375	6,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,555	6,225	7,335	22.1	21.3	23.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,730	8,330	9,060	8,730	8,330	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	61,205	29,270	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,005	8,405	6,600	24.5	28.7	20.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	66,500	52,800	59,600	66,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	75,600	58,100	67,900	75,600	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,685	8,075	9,610	28.9	27.6	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,400	17,200	19,400	23,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960	37,320	25,600	30,960	37,320	25,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	83.4	73.2	79.0	83.4	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.7	59.3	51.2	55.7	59.3	51.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.1	16.7	26.7	21.1	16.7	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.9	6.7	5.1	3.9	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.1	5.1	4.0	3.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	61,195	29,265	31,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,450	720	725	2.4	2.5	2.3
With total income	59,750	28,550	31,200	97.6	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,480	1,765	2,715	7.5	6.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,150	2,600	4,550	12.0	9.1	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	9,730	3,830	5,895	16.3	13.4	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,515	3,630	4,885	14.3	12.7	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,195	3,315	3,875	12.0	11.6	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,740	2,825	2,915	9.6	9.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,405	2,475	1,925	7.4	8.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	2,055	1,370	5.7	7.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,345	1,425	915	3.9	5.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	1,105	665	3.0	3.9	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,005	3,515	1,495	8.4	12.3	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,510	2,370	1,140	5.9	8.3	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,500	1,140	355	2.5	4.0	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	61,195	29,265	31,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,395	695	700	2.3	2.4	2.2
With after-tax income	59,795	28,575	31,220	97.7	97.6	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,870	1,875	2,995	8.1	6.6	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,410	2,710	4,705	12.4	9.5	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,885	4,325	6,565	18.2	15.1	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	9,725	4,285	5,440	16.3	15.0	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	8,065	3,865	4,200	13.5	13.5	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,915	3,200	2,715	9.9	11.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,345	2,610	1,735	7.3	9.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,780	1,725	1,055	4.6	6.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,900	1,160	740	3.2	4.1	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	775	375	1.9	2.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,750	2,045	700	4.6	7.2	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,475	1,070	405	2.5	3.7	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,275	975	300	2.1	3.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	61,195	29,265	31,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,910	10,215	12,695	37.4	34.9	39.8
With employment income	38,290	19,055	19,235	62.6	65.1	60.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,440	2,940	3,505	16.8	15.4	18.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,175	1,280	1,900	8.3	6.7	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	4,695	1,945	2,750	12.3	10.2	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,040	1,720	2,320	10.6	9.0	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	3,625	1,635	1,995	9.5	8.6	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,290	1,515	1,775	8.6	8.0	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,820	1,395	1,430	7.4	7.3	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380	1,425	950	6.2	7.5	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965	1,225	735	5.1	6.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490	925	570	3.9	4.9	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	740	460	3.1	3.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,160	2,320	840	8.3	12.2	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	1,040	505	4.0	5.5	2.6
$125,000 and over	1,610	1,280	335	4.2	6.7	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	61,195	29,270	31,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,585	27,950	30,635	95.7	95.5	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,800	31,800	38,000	46,800	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,725	27,965	30,765	96.0	95.5	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	29,000	34,400	41,600	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,975	26,130	27,845	88.2	89.3	87.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,200	26,000	32,400	41,200	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,475	20,715	20,760	67.8	70.8	65.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	37,600	25,200	30,200	37,600	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,070	18,745	24,325	70.4	64.0	76.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	11,700	9,800	10,400	11,700	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,500	2,260	2,240	7.4	7.7	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,200	5,160	5,160	5,200	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	61,210	29,270	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,595	28,045	30,550	95.7	95.8	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,160	57,300	39,760	48,160	57,300	39,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,790	28,070	30,715	96.0	95.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	48,000	34,320	40,840	48,000	34,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,060	26,235	27,820	88.3	89.6	87.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	53,850	34,920	44,120	53,850	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,680	20,900	20,780	68.1	71.4	65.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,240	48,880	33,560	41,240	48,880	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,750	18,645	24,110	69.8	63.7	75.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,230	10,450	10,060	10,230	10,450	10,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,395	2,190	2,210	7.2	7.5	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670	6,450	6,890	6,670	6,450	6,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	61,205	29,270	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,870	8,350	6,515	24.3	28.5	20.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,800	49,200	56,000	62,800	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,850	71,400	54,100	63,850	71,400	54,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,055	7,750	9,305	27.9	26.5	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	30,000	21,800	25,200	30,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,200	44,040	29,680	36,200	44,040	29,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	87.8	80.0	84.4	87.8	80.0
Employment income (%)	60.9	63.5	57.4	60.9	63.5	57.4
Government transfers (%)	15.5	12.1	20.0	15.5	12.1	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	31,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	31,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800	...	...	47,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	31,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	255	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,380	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,350	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,330	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,330	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,410	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,995	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,260	...	...	35.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,910	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,565	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,800	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,990	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	31,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	680	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,460	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,175	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,365	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,520	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,515	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,535	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,095	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,955	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,575	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,800	...	...	27.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,705	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,190	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,905	...	...	9.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,160	5,840	7,325	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,000	36,000	37,600	40,000	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	33,600	34,800	36,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,400	...	...	140,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...	67,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,965	5,635	7,335	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,040	48,520	42,360	45,040	48,520	42,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	42,040	37,480	39,480	42,040	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	71,110	34,385	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,920	6,165	5,750	16.8	17.9	15.7
0 to 5 years	3,460	1,775	1,685	4.9	5.2	4.6
18 to 64 years	39,535	18,910	20,620	55.6	55.0	56.1
65 years and over	19,655	9,305	10,355	27.6	27.1	28.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,310	3,235	4,075	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	670	660	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	205	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,680	1,680	2,005	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,305	890	1,410	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.4	11.1	10.3	9.4	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	10.8	11.4	11.1	10.8	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.5	11.7	11.2	11.5	11.7	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	8.9	9.7	9.3	8.9	9.7
65 years and over (%)	11.7	9.6	13.6	11.7	9.6	13.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	70,820	34,240	36,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,865	6,140	5,725	16.8	17.9	15.6
0 to 5 years	3,435	1,760	1,675	4.9	5.1	4.6
18 to 64 years	39,350	18,820	20,535	55.6	55.0	56.1
65 years and over	19,600	9,275	10,325	27.7	27.1	28.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,335	1,095	1,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	420	215	210	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	60	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,615	775	835	...	...	...
65 years and over	300	110	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.6	2.4	3.0	3.6	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	71,110	34,380	36,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	37,110	17,380	19,730	52.2	50.6	53.7
In bottom decile	7,030	3,185	3,850	9.9	9.3	10.5
In second decile	6,960	3,165	3,795	9.8	9.2	10.3
In third decile	7,365	3,410	3,955	10.4	9.9	10.8
In fourth decile	7,830	3,795	4,035	11.0	11.0	11.0
In fifth decile	7,920	3,830	4,090	11.1	11.1	11.1
In top half of the distribution	34,000	17,000	17,000	47.8	49.4	46.3
In sixth decile	7,515	3,685	3,835	10.6	10.7	10.4
In seventh decile	7,595	3,780	3,815	10.7	11.0	10.4
In eighth decile	7,015	3,550	3,460	9.9	10.3	9.4
In ninth decile	6,440	3,250	3,185	9.1	9.5	8.7
In top decile	5,435	2,740	2,695	7.6	8.0	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	71,110	...	...	71,110	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423	...	...	0.423	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	71,825	34,745	37,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	64,640	31,530	33,105	90.0	90.7	89.3
French only	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	6,975	3,125	3,850	9.7	9.0	10.4
Neither English nor French	190	85	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	71,825	34,745	37,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,980	33,860	36,115	97.4	97.5	97.4
French	1,585	770	815	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	71,825	34,745	37,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,735	34,245	36,485	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	66,195	32,245	33,950	92.2	92.8	91.6
English	64,560	31,455	33,100	89.9	90.5	89.3
French	1,640	795	845	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-official languages	4,535	2,000	2,535	6.3	5.8	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,515	1,990	2,525	6.3	5.7	6.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	95	210	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	75	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,945	1,320	1,625	4.1	3.8	4.4
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	190	240	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	185	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,620	700	925	2.3	2.0	2.5
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	985	415	570	1.4	1.2	1.5
German	920	385	535	1.3	1.1	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	475	210	255	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	380	170	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	185	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	320	160	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	485	215	270	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	265	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	175	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	415	175	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	70	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,095	495	595	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	410	205	200	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	570	245	325	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	71,825	34,745	37,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,515	32,360	34,155	92.6	93.1	92.1
French	390	175	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	700	350	345	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	695	350	345	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	1,110	500	610	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,875	1,250	1,625	4.0	3.6	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	71,825	34,745	37,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,230	34,480	36,745	99.2	99.2	99.1
Official languages	69,865	33,820	36,045	97.3	97.3	97.2
English	69,300	33,565	35,730	96.5	96.6	96.4
French	570	260	310	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official languages	1,365	660	705	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,360	660	700	1.9	1.9	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	605	295	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	195	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	595	260	335	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	415	180	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	71,825	34,745	37,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	68,115	33,120	34,995	94.8	95.3	94.4
English	665	310	355	0.9	0.9	1.0
French	790	355	435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	1,865	795	1,070	2.6	2.3	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,830	785	1,045	2.5	2.3	2.8
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	185	85	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	71,115	34,385	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	70,930	34,305	36,625	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	70,910	34,295	36,615	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	6,935	3,170	3,760	9.8	9.2	10.2
Non-official languages	7,380	3,290	4,090	10.4	9.6	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,295	3,265	4,030	10.3	9.5	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	540	180	360	0.8	0.5	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	160	290	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,165	2,390	2,775	7.3	7.0	7.6
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	505	250	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	495	250	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	155	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,200	965	1,235	3.1	2.8	3.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,595	700	895	2.2	2.0	2.4
German	1,560	690	870	2.2	2.0	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	485	225	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	385	175	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	110	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	475	245	225	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	425	220	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	250	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280	130	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,110	965	1,145	3.0	2.8	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	145	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,710	760	945	2.4	2.2	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	285	100	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	205	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	470	200	270	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	470	200	270	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	95	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	115	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,115	34,390	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,210	2,415	2,800	7.3	7.0	7.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,020	2,305	2,710	7.1	6.7	7.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,920	1,340	1,580	4.1	3.9	4.3
Métis	2,050	955	1,090	2.9	2.8	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	65,905	31,975	33,930	92.7	93.0	92.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,115	34,390	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,415	670	750	2.0	1.9	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	69,695	33,720	35,980	98.0	98.1	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,690	...	...	77.3	...	...
Renter	7,225	...	...	22.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,275	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not condominium	27,665	...	...	86.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	2,675	...	...	8.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,450	...	...	29.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,995	...	...	40.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,630	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,610	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,020	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,560	...	...	17.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,400	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,355	...	...	26.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,680	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,050	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	890	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,630	...	...	11.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,215	...	...	25.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,770	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,500	...	...	20.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,870	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,650	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,735	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,575	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,110	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,830	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,345	...	...	48.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,280	...	...	47.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,320	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	525	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,915	...	...	9.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,475	...	...	14.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,695	...	...	14.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,855	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,050	...	...	22.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,030	...	...	12.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,410	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,160	...	...	79.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,325	...	...	20.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,790	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	31,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,375	...	...	26.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,750	...	...	18.0	...	...
Not suitable only	700	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,255	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,570	...	...	73.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,715	...	...	8.8	...	...
Not in core need	28,235	...	...	91.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.0	...	...	53.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,253	...	...	1,253	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	691,000	...	...	691,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.4	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.1	...	...	22.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	71,120	34,390	36,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,395	710	685	2.0	2.1	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,370	695	675	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	945	490	460	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis single ancestry	405	205	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,370	1,965	2,405	6.1	5.7	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,260	1,905	2,360	6.0	5.5	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,995	1,335	1,665	4.2	3.9	4.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,230	565	660	1.7	1.6	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	65,355	31,710	33,640	91.9	92.2	91.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	71,115	34,390	36,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,620	33,325	35,295	96.5	96.9	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,720	6,075	5,650	16.5	17.7	15.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,900	27,255	29,645	80.0	79.3	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,495	1,065	1,430	3.5	3.1	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	71,115	34,390	36,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	61,555	29,975	31,580	86.6	87.2	86.0
Immigrants⁸¹	9,005	4,185	4,815	12.7	12.2	13.1
Before 1980	4,495	2,070	2,420	6.3	6.0	6.6
1980 to 1990	1,105	500	600	1.6	1.5	1.6
1991 to 2000	870	425	445	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,145	525	625	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,390	675	720	2.0	2.0	2.0
2011 to 2015	615	295	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	775	375	395	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	560	225	335	0.8	0.7	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,005	4,185	4,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,260	625	635	14.0	14.9	13.2
5 to 14 years	1,685	850	835	18.7	20.3	17.3
15 to 24 years	1,875	795	1,080	20.8	19.0	22.4
25 to 44 years	3,595	1,635	1,960	39.9	39.1	40.7
45 years and over	590	280	310	6.6	6.7	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,005	4,185	4,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,595	645	950	17.7	15.4	19.7
Brazil	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	45	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mexico	65	10	55	0.7	0.2	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,190	490	700	13.2	11.7	14.5
Other places of birth in Americas	185	70	115	2.1	1.7	2.4
Europe	5,265	2,605	2,660	58.5	62.2	55.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Croatia	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	175	95	85	1.9	2.3	1.8
Germany	725	325	405	8.1	7.8	8.4
Greece	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	30	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Italy	100	55	45	1.1	1.3	0.9
Netherlands	280	120	160	3.1	2.9	3.3
Poland	100	40	60	1.1	1.0	1.2
Portugal	45	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Romania	50	40	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
Russian Federation	35	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Ukraine	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,970	1,475	1,490	33.0	35.2	30.9
Other places of birth in Europe	625	320	300	6.9	7.6	6.2
Africa	300	140	165	3.3	3.3	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	60	70	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	95	45	50	1.1	1.1	1.0
Asia	1,550	670	885	17.2	16.0	18.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Turkey	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	55	50	1.1	1.3	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	155	70	85	1.7	1.7	1.8
Taiwan	50	30	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Philippines	440	145	290	4.9	3.5	6.0
Viet Nam	245	125	125	2.7	3.0	2.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	175	95	80	1.9	2.3	1.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	215	60	150	2.4	1.4	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	290	130	160	3.2	3.1	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	775	375	395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	90	65	20.6	24.0	16.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
United States of America	95	55	35	12.3	14.7	8.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	30	6.5	6.7	7.6
Europe	235	125	105	30.3	33.3	26.6
France	40	20	15	5.2	5.3	3.8
Germany	15	0	15	1.9	0.0	3.8
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	1.9	4.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	60	40	12.3	16.0	10.1
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25	7.1	8.0	6.3
Africa	65	35	30	8.4	9.3	7.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	10	2.6	2.7	2.5
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	15	1.9	2.7	3.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	1.9	2.7	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	1.9	2.7	2.5
Asia	255	105	145	32.9	28.0	36.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	1.9	2.7	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	40	30	9.7	10.7	7.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	25	60	11.0	6.7	15.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	3.2	2.7	3.8
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	65	20	45	8.4	5.3	11.4
Australia	60	20	40	7.7	5.3	10.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	71,115	34,385	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,620	4,940	5,680	14.9	14.4	15.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,490	6,490	7,005	19.0	18.9	19.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,010	22,965	24,045	66.1	66.8	65.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,510	2,120	2,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,305	1,140	1,170	51.1	53.8	48.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,050	530	520	23.3	25.0	21.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,255	610	645	27.8	28.8	26.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,755	725	1,035	38.9	34.2	43.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410	235	170	9.1	11.1	7.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	25	0.8	0.9	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,510	2,120	2,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	35	35	1.4	1.7	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,030	460	575	22.8	21.7	24.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	60	100	3.5	2.8	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	245	95	155	5.4	4.5	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	10	55	1.4	0.5	2.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,935	1,455	1,480	65.1	68.6	61.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	71,115	34,390	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,030	1,905	2,125	5.7	5.5	5.8
South Asian	660	340	325	0.9	1.0	0.9
Chinese	670	325	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black	425	235	190	0.6	0.7	0.5
Filipino	650	260	385	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	265	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	400	190	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	315	120	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	67,085	32,485	34,605	94.3	94.5	94.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	71,115	34,390	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,300	4,720	4,580	13.1	13.7	12.5
English	24,045	11,590	12,455	33.8	33.7	33.9
Irish	14,095	6,460	7,635	19.8	18.8	20.8
Scottish	18,760	8,760	9,995	26.4	25.5	27.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,175	3,315	3,865	10.1	9.6	10.5
German	10,130	4,825	5,310	14.2	14.0	14.5
Chinese	795	360	430	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italian	2,390	1,120	1,270	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indian (India)	510	250	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukrainian	3,735	1,650	2,085	5.3	4.8	5.7
Dutch	3,705	1,795	1,910	5.2	5.2	5.2
Polish	2,290	1,025	1,260	3.2	3.0	3.4
Québécois	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,550	2,185	2,360	6.4	6.4	6.4
Filipino	635	270	365	0.9	0.8	1.0
French Canadian	920	435	485	1.3	1.3	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,605	795	810	2.3	2.3	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,970	905	1,065	2.8	2.6	2.9
Métis	1,745	835	910	2.5	2.4	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,085	1,050	1,035	2.9	3.1	2.8
Russian	1,385	605	780	1.9	1.8	2.1
Norwegian	2,810	1,295	1,520	4.0	3.8	4.1
Welsh	2,590	1,245	1,350	3.6	3.6	3.7
Portuguese	395	185	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	1,400	680	720	2.0	2.0	2.0
Spanish	485	220	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	2,150	1,010	1,140	3.0	2.9	3.1
Hungarian	780	385	395	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	220	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	455	200	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
Punjabi	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	280	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	290	110	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jamaican	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	430	205	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	365	210	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanese	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,260	555	705	1.8	1.6	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450	195	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	815	380	440	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgian	410	205	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	255	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swiss	600	290	315	0.8	0.8	0.9
Finnish	835	385	450	1.2	1.1	1.2
Sri Lankan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	355	140	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	570	240	325	0.8	0.7	0.9
Muslim	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	705	345	360	1.0	1.0	1.0
Colombian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	330	185	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	135	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	85	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	160	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	185	70	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	370	165	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Palestinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	165	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Columbian	495	265	230	0.7	0.8	0.6
Ecuadorian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	71,115	34,390	36,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	105	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	23,205	10,140	13,065	32.6	29.5	35.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,750	2,180	2,570	6.7	6.3	7.0
Anabaptist	180	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Anglican	3,410	1,420	1,990	4.8	4.1	5.4
Baptist	900	390	510	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	6,865	3,095	3,775	9.7	9.0	10.3
Christian Orthodox	260	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	325	160	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latter Day Saints	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	730	310	425	1.0	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	560	250	315	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	415	170	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,200	1,240	1,960	4.5	3.6	5.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,320	575	740	1.9	1.7	2.0
Hindu	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	195	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,115	360	760	1.6	1.0	2.1
No religion and secular perspectives	45,675	23,415	22,260	64.2	68.1	60.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,595	34,130	36,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,745	29,865	31,875	87.5	87.5	87.4
Movers	8,855	4,260	4,590	12.5	12.5	12.6
Non-migrants	3,650	1,765	1,885	5.2	5.2	5.2
Migrants	5,200	2,495	2,705	7.4	7.3	7.4
Internal migrants	4,860	2,360	2,495	6.9	6.9	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,560	1,715	1,840	5.0	5.0	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,300	640	655	1.8	1.9	1.8
External migrants	345	135	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	68,310	32,900	35,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,050	18,430	19,615	55.7	56.0	55.4
Movers	30,255	14,460	15,795	44.3	44.0	44.6
Non-migrants	6,645	3,165	3,480	9.7	9.6	9.8
Migrants	23,610	11,295	12,315	34.6	34.3	34.8
Internal migrants	22,205	10,640	11,570	32.5	32.3	32.7
Intraprovincial migrants	17,200	8,225	8,975	25.2	25.0	25.3
Interprovincial migrants	5,005	2,415	2,590	7.3	7.3	7.3
External migrants	1,405	660	745	2.1	2.0	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,210	29,270	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,480	5,180	4,300	15.5	17.7	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,730	24,095	27,630	84.5	82.3	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,595	16,825	18,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,820	2,260	1,560	10.7	13.4	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,775	14,560	17,215	89.3	86.5	91.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,210	29,270	31,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,840	4,150	3,680	12.8	14.2	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,820	9,180	9,645	30.7	31.4	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,545	15,935	18,605	56.4	54.4	58.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,785	10,055	10,730	34.0	34.4	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,225	4,570	1,665	10.2	15.6	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,655	1,510	1,145	4.3	5.2	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,575	3,060	515	5.8	10.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,725	4,855	7,870	20.8	16.6	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,830	630	1,205	3.0	2.2	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,760	5,885	7,875	22.5	20.1	24.7
Bachelor's degree	8,535	3,625	4,915	13.9	12.4	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,055	400	650	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	470	250	220	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	3,245	1,320	1,925	5.3	4.5	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	455	285	170	0.7	1.0	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,590	16,825	18,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,935	1,705	1,230	8.2	10.1	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,290	5,160	5,135	28.9	30.7	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,365	9,960	12,410	62.8	59.2	66.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,320	6,385	6,935	37.4	37.9	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,915	2,865	1,050	11.0	17.0	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,675	960	715	4.7	5.7	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240	1,905	330	6.3	11.3	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,205	3,100	5,110	23.1	18.4	27.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,200	420	780	3.4	2.5	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,045	3,575	5,475	25.4	21.2	29.2
Bachelor's degree	5,760	2,335	3,425	16.2	13.9	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	670	240	430	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	150	180	0.9	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	2,110	765	1,345	5.9	4.5	7.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,205	29,275	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,660	13,335	13,325	43.6	45.6	41.7
Education	3,160	825	2,335	5.2	2.8	7.3
13. Education	3,160	825	2,335	5.2	2.8	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,490	565	920	2.4	1.9	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	90	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,380	475	905	2.3	1.6	2.8
Humanities	1,565	635	935	2.6	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	40	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	445	145	295	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395	145	255	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,320	1,190	2,130	5.4	4.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305	135	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	575	30	550	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	400	135	265	0.7	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	640	195	450	1.0	0.7	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,260	675	590	2.1	2.3	1.8
Business, management and public administration	5,715	1,870	3,845	9.3	6.4	12.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	680	125	550	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,025	1,745	3,285	8.2	6.0	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,430	815	620	2.3	2.8	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	295	335	1.0	1.0	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	155	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	465	325	140	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	695	385	310	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460	295	165	0.8	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	105	0	105	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,685	6,210	480	10.9	21.2	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	875	775	100	1.4	2.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,320	1,160	160	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,905	1,850	55	3.1	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,730	1,670	65	2.8	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	710	675	40	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,425	805	620	2.3	2.7	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	745	315	430	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	680	485	195	1.1	1.7	0.6
Health and related fields	6,440	1,110	5,330	10.5	3.8	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415	175	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,885	845	5,040	9.6	2.9	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,615	1,540	1,075	4.3	5.3	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	530	880	2.3	1.8	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	70	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
43. Security and protective services	340	235	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	680	70	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,595	16,825	18,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,225	6,865	6,365	37.2	40.8	33.9
Education	1,580	385	1,200	4.4	2.3	6.4
13. Education	1,580	385	1,200	4.4	2.3	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,040	390	650	2.9	2.3	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	60	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	980	330	650	2.8	2.0	3.5
Humanities	900	340	555	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	225	70	155	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	85	150	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
54. History	120	60	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,250	725	1,530	6.3	4.3	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	100	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	395	25	375	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	245	65	185	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	425	100	320	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	835	415	420	2.3	2.5	2.2
Business, management and public administration	3,810	1,170	2,645	10.7	7.0	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	465	65	395	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,340	1,100	2,240	9.4	6.5	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	500	450	2.7	3.0	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	175	230	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	110	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	290	185	110	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	455	280	170	1.3	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	235	115	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,170	3,795	375	11.7	22.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	85	45	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	575	485	90	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	795	675	115	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,245	1,195	50	3.5	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,045	1,000	45	2.9	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	425	395	30	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	565	500	3.0	3.4	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	540	210	330	1.5	1.2	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	520	355	165	1.5	2.1	0.9
Health and related fields	4,375	800	3,580	12.3	4.8	19.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	125	185	0.9	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,950	605	3,345	11.1	3.6	17.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,780	1,005	770	5.0	6.0	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,030	390	640	2.9	2.3	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	170	70	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	415	55	1.3	2.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,595	16,825	18,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,225	6,865	6,365	37.2	40.8	33.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,370	9,960	12,405	62.8	59.2	66.1
Location of study inside Canada	19,985	8,890	11,095	56.1	52.8	59.1
Same as province or territory of residence	13,725	6,000	7,725	38.6	35.7	41.2
Different than province or territory of residence	6,255	2,890	3,365	17.6	17.2	17.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,385	1,070	1,315	6.7	6.4	7.0
Americas	665	295	370	1.9	1.8	2.0
United States of America	605	265	340	1.7	1.6	1.8
Mexico	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	880	435	445	2.5	2.6	2.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	100	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	445	235	210	1.3	1.4	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	85	60	30	0.2	0.4	0.2
Africa	70	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	560	215	345	1.6	1.3	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	190	60	130	0.5	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	60	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	205	80	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Australia	155	50	110	0.4	0.3	0.6
New Zealand	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	61,210	29,270	31,935	...	...	...
In the labour force	34,120	17,255	16,865	...	...	...
Employed	31,400	15,805	15,600	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,715	1,450	1,265	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,090	12,015	15,075	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.7	59.0	52.8	55.7	59.0	52.8
Employment rate	51.3	54.0	48.8	51.3	54.0	48.8
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.4	7.5	8.0	8.4	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	61,205	29,275	31,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,545	11,745	14,795	43.4	40.1	46.3
Worked	34,665	17,525	17,135	56.6	59.9	53.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,635	8,760	6,875	25.5	29.9	21.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,030	8,760	10,265	31.1	29.9	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.5	39.6	40.0	40.5	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,115	17,255	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	310	300	1.8	1.8	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,505	16,945	16,560	98.2	98.2	98.2
Employee	26,170	12,880	13,285	76.7	74.6	78.8
Permanent position	21,430	10,580	10,845	62.8	61.3	64.3
Temporary position	4,745	2,305	2,440	13.9	13.4	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,335	705	625	3.9	4.1	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,405	1,595	1,810	10.0	9.2	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,335	4,060	3,275	21.5	23.5	19.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,115	17,255	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	310	300	1.8	1.8	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,505	16,945	16,560	98.2	98.2	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	295	190	100	0.9	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,265	1,100	3,165	12.5	6.4	18.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,095	1,535	560	6.1	8.9	3.3
3 Health occupations	3,240	670	2,565	9.5	3.9	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,485	1,785	2,695	13.1	10.3	16.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,375	550	825	4.0	3.2	4.9
6 Sales and service occupations	8,865	3,605	5,255	26.0	20.9	31.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,355	5,685	670	18.6	32.9	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,800	1,265	530	5.3	7.3	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	740	550	185	2.2	3.2	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,115	17,255	16,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	310	300	1.8	1.8	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	33,505	16,945	16,560	98.2	98.2	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,820	1,225	595	5.3	7.1	3.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	380	350	30	1.1	2.0	0.2
22 Utilities	155	145	15	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	3,405	2,900	500	10.0	16.8	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,040	720	325	3.0	4.2	1.9
41 Wholesale trade	575	400	175	1.7	2.3	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	4,470	2,155	2,320	13.1	12.5	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,340	970	370	3.9	5.6	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	425	250	175	1.2	1.4	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	745	280	465	2.2	1.6	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	240	295	1.6	1.4	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,390	1,160	1,230	7.0	6.7	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,445	840	610	4.2	4.9	3.6
61 Educational services	2,305	685	1,620	6.8	4.0	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	4,970	955	4,015	14.6	5.5	23.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	925	460	460	2.7	2.7	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,330	895	1,435	6.8	5.2	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,470	620	850	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	2,750	1,695	1,055	8.1	9.8	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,380	18,810	18,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,350	18,330	18,025	97.2	97.4	97.1
French	130	35	95	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	550	305	250	1.5	1.6	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	285	105	180	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,380	18,810	18,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	37,305	18,765	18,535	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	37,195	18,705	18,495	99.5	99.4	99.6
English	37,010	18,655	18,355	99.0	99.2	98.9
French	190	50	140	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official languages	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,380	18,810	18,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	36,605	18,440	18,165	97.9	98.0	97.8
English	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	445	255	185	1.2	1.4	1.0
Non-official language	195	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	180	65	120	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,400	15,805	15,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,625	2,600	3,025	17.9	16.5	19.4
Worked outside Canada	75	65	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,590	4,220	1,365	17.8	26.7	8.8
Usual place of work	20,115	8,920	11,195	64.1	56.4	71.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,110	8,915	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,325	3,595	4,730	41.4	40.3	42.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,785	3,665	5,120	43.7	41.1	45.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725	1,435	1,295	13.6	16.1	11.6
Commute to a different province or territory	275	225	55	1.4	2.5	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,700	13,140	12,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,985	11,205	10,785	85.5	85.3	85.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,415	10,440	9,980	79.4	79.5	79.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,570	765	805	6.1	5.8	6.4
Public transit	495	235	255	1.9	1.8	2.0
Walked	1,465	615	850	5.7	4.7	6.8
Bicycle	785	465	325	3.1	3.5	2.6
Other method	970	620	340	3.8	4.7	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,700	13,140	12,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,415	5,840	6,575	48.3	44.4	52.3
15 to 29 minutes	8,555	4,145	4,410	33.3	31.5	35.1
30 to 44 minutes	2,330	1,450	880	9.1	11.0	7.0
45 to 59 minutes	905	545	355	3.5	4.1	2.8
60 minutes and over	1,495	1,150	345	5.8	8.8	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,700	13,140	12,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,285	885	400	5.0	6.7	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,910	2,385	1,525	15.2	18.2	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,540	3,665	2,875	25.4	27.9	22.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,695	2,940	3,755	26.1	22.4	29.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,000	1,550	2,450	15.6	11.8	19.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,270	1,710	1,560	12.7	13.0	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,160	6,295	5,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,260	630	625	10.4	10.0	10.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,900	5,665	5,235	89.6	90.0	89.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,155	4,770	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	965	500	465	10.5	10.5	10.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585	285	300	6.4	6.0	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	210	170	4.2	4.4	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,190	4,275	3,915	89.5	89.6	89.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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