Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
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Statistic:
Characteristic Comox Valley, Regional district (RD)More information:
British Columbia
[Census division]
 Remove		 59260449More information:
British Columbia
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 Comox, Town (T)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 72,445 ... ... ... ... ... 69 ... ... ... ... ... 14,806 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 66,527 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14,028 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 8.9 ... ... 8.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.5 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 34,412 ... ... ... ... ... 36 ... ... ... ... ... 6,672 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 31,939 ... ... ... ... ... 36 ... ... ... ... ... 6,442 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 42.7 ... ... 42.7 ... ... 2,225.8 ... ... 2,225.8 ... ... 877.7 ... ... 877.7 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 1,697.03 ... ... ... ... ... 0.03 ... ... ... ... ... 16.87 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 72,445 34,970 37,475 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,810 6,980 7,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 9,930 5,120 4,810 13.7 14.6 12.8 5 0 5 7.1 0.0 14.3 2,060 1,030 1,030 13.9 14.8 13.2
0 to 4 years 2,750 1,400 1,355 3.8 4.0 3.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 250 260 3.5 3.6 3.3
5 to 9 years 3,570 1,790 1,780 4.9 5.1 4.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 370 375 5.1 5.3 4.8
10 to 14 years 3,615 1,940 1,675 5.0 5.5 4.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 400 390 5.4 5.7 5.0
15 to 64 years 41,925 20,225 21,700 57.9 57.8 57.9 45 25 25 64.3 71.4 71.4 8,015 3,865 4,150 54.1 55.4 53.0
15 to 19 years 3,270 1,740 1,535 4.5 5.0 4.1 5 0 5 7.1 0.0 14.3 720 390 335 4.9 5.6 4.3
20 to 24 years 2,795 1,480 1,315 3.9 4.2 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 325 245 3.9 4.7 3.1
25 to 29 years 3,200 1,565 1,635 4.4 4.5 4.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 280 250 3.5 4.0 3.2
30 to 34 years 3,830 1,865 1,970 5.3 5.3 5.3 5 0 0 7.1 0.0 0.0 615 315 300 4.2 4.5 3.8
35 to 39 years 4,340 2,075 2,265 6.0 5.9 6.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 370 440 5.5 5.3 5.6
40 to 44 years 4,190 1,990 2,200 5.8 5.7 5.9 5 0 5 7.1 0.0 14.3 835 405 435 5.6 5.8 5.6
45 to 49 years 4,115 2,010 2,110 5.7 5.7 5.6 5 5 0 7.1 14.3 0.0 850 395 455 5.7 5.7 5.8
50 to 54 years 4,215 1,955 2,260 5.8 5.6 6.0 5 0 0 7.1 0.0 0.0 780 365 420 5.3 5.2 5.4
55 to 59 years 5,605 2,600 3,010 7.7 7.4 8.0 15 5 5 21.4 14.3 14.3 1,125 515 610 7.6 7.4 7.8
60 to 64 years 6,360 2,945 3,415 8.8 8.4 9.1 10 10 5 14.3 28.6 14.3 1,175 510 665 7.9 7.3 8.5
65 years and over 20,585 9,625 10,965 28.4 27.5 29.3 20 10 10 28.6 28.6 28.6 4,730 2,085 2,645 31.9 29.9 33.8
65 to 69 years 6,215 2,815 3,395 8.6 8.0 9.1 5 5 0 7.1 14.3 0.0 1,205 530 675 8.1 7.6 8.6
70 to 74 years 5,670 2,735 2,935 7.8 7.8 7.8 5 5 5 7.1 14.3 14.3 1,225 565 665 8.3 8.1 8.5
75 to 79 years 3,930 1,905 2,030 5.4 5.4 5.4 5 0 5 7.1 0.0 14.3 940 425 515 6.3 6.1 6.6
80 to 84 years 2,440 1,175 1,260 3.4 3.4 3.4 5 0 0 7.1 0.0 0.0 620 280 345 4.2 4.0 4.4
85 years and over 2,335 995 1,345 3.2 2.8 3.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 285 450 5.0 4.1 5.7
85 to 89 years 1,485 670 820 2.0 1.9 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 185 255 3.0 2.7 3.3
90 to 94 years 625 255 370 0.9 0.7 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 75 135 1.4 1.1 1.7
95 to 99 years 195 65 135 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 45 0.5 0.4 0.6
100 years and over 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 13.7 14.6 12.8 13.7 14.6 12.8 7.1 0.0 14.3 7.1 0.0 14.3 13.9 14.8 13.2 13.9 14.8 13.2
15 to 64 years 57.9 57.8 57.9 57.9 57.8 57.9 64.3 71.4 71.4 64.3 71.4 71.4 54.1 55.4 53.0 54.1 55.4 53.0
65 years and over 28.4 27.5 29.3 28.4 27.5 29.3 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 31.9 29.9 33.8 31.9 29.9 33.8
85 years and over 3.2 2.8 3.6 3.2 2.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 4.1 5.7 5.0 4.1 5.7
Average age of the population 47.4 46.4 48.3 47.4 46.4 48.3 55.0 56.0 54.0 55.0 56.0 54.0 48.9 47.2 50.4 48.9 47.2 50.4
Median age of the population 50.8 49.2 52.0 50.8 49.2 52.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 52.4 49.6 55.2 52.4 49.6 55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 31,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 21,385 ... ... 67.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 4,240 ... ... 65.8 ... ...
Semi-detached house 2,875 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 670 ... ... 10.4 ... ...
Row house 1,720 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 565 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 920 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 100 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 3,690 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 770 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 60 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Other single-attached house 60 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,225 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 40 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 31,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 35 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 9,370 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 1,895 ... ... 29.4 ... ...
2 persons 13,380 ... ... 41.9 ... ... 15 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 2,700 ... ... 41.9 ... ...
3 persons 4,210 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 790 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
4 persons 3,315 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 725 ... ... 11.2 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,660 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 330 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 71,110 34,385 36,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,770 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 62,510 29,845 32,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,745 5,955 6,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 38,095 18,925 19,170 60.9 63.4 58.7 30 15 15 46.2 42.9 42.9 7,960 3,935 4,025 62.5 66.1 59.2
Married 30,170 15,015 15,155 48.3 50.3 46.4 25 10 10 38.5 28.6 28.6 6,615 3,275 3,335 51.9 55.0 49.1
Living common-law 7,925 3,910 4,015 12.7 13.1 12.3 5 5 5 7.7 14.3 14.3 1,345 660 685 10.6 11.1 10.1
Living common law - Never married 5,125 2,545 2,580 8.2 8.5 7.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 400 400 6.3 6.7 5.9
Living common law - Separated 335 175 165 0.5 0.6 0.5 5 0 0 7.7 0.0 0.0 70 35 30 0.5 0.6 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 2,185 1,080 1,105 3.5 3.6 3.4 5 0 5 7.7 0.0 14.3 405 200 210 3.2 3.4 3.1
Living common law - Widowed 280 115 165 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 45 0.6 0.6 0.7
Not married and not living common-law 24,420 10,925 13,495 39.1 36.6 41.3 35 15 15 53.8 42.9 42.9 4,790 2,015 2,770 37.6 33.8 40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married 13,585 7,335 6,250 21.7 24.6 19.1 20 15 10 30.8 42.9 28.6 2,450 1,340 1,105 19.2 22.5 16.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated 1,720 735 990 2.8 2.5 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 110 165 2.2 1.8 2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 5,155 1,935 3,225 8.2 6.5 9.9 5 5 0 7.7 14.3 0.0 985 325 660 7.7 5.5 9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 3,960 925 3,035 6.3 3.1 9.3 10 5 5 15.4 14.3 14.3 1,075 235 845 8.4 3.9 12.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 21,660 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 20 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 4,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 13,755 ... ... 63.5 ... ... 15 ... ... 75.0 ... ... 2,790 ... ... 63.1 ... ...
3 persons 3,840 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 720 ... ... 16.3 ... ...
4 persons 2,995 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 685 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,065 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 225 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 21,660 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 20 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 4,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 18,655 ... ... 86.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 75.0 ... ... 3,875 ... ... 87.7 ... ...
Married couples 14,705 ... ... 67.9 ... ... 10 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 3,205 ... ... 72.5 ... ...
With children6 5,450 ... ... 25.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 1,195 ... ... 27.0 ... ...
Without children 9,260 ... ... 42.8 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 2,010 ... ... 45.5 ... ...
Common-law couples 3,945 ... ... 18.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 670 ... ... 15.2 ... ...
With children6 1,350 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 250 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Without children 2,595 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 425 ... ... 9.6 ... ...
Total one-parent families 3,005 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 545 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 2,275 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 430 ... ... 9.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 730 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 5 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 115 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 71,110 34,385 36,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,770 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 56,675 28,020 28,650 79.7 81.5 78.0 50 25 25 71.4 71.4 83.3 11,665 5,735 5,925 81.4 84.7 78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners 37,305 18,550 18,760 52.5 53.9 51.1 30 15 15 42.9 42.9 50.0 7,750 3,850 3,905 54.1 56.9 51.7
Parents in one-parent families 3,010 730 2,280 4.2 2.1 6.2 5 0 5 7.1 0.0 16.7 545 115 430 3.8 1.7 5.7
Children6 16,360 8,745 7,620 23.0 25.4 20.7 15 5 10 21.4 14.3 33.3 3,370 1,775 1,590 23.5 26.2 21.0
In a two-parent family 11,930 6,320 5,605 16.8 18.4 15.3 5 5 0 7.1 14.3 0.0 2,580 1,355 1,220 18.0 20.0 16.1
In a one-parent family 4,435 2,420 2,015 6.2 7.0 5.5 10 5 5 14.3 14.3 16.7 785 420 365 5.5 6.2 4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 14,440 6,365 8,070 20.3 18.5 22.0 20 5 10 28.6 14.3 33.3 2,670 1,040 1,630 18.6 15.4 21.6
Living alone 9,370 3,815 5,555 13.2 11.1 15.1 10 5 5 14.3 14.3 16.7 1,900 655 1,240 13.3 9.7 16.4
Living with other relatives7 1,275 530 750 1.8 1.5 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 80 115 1.4 1.2 1.5
Living with non-relatives only 3,795 2,025 1,770 5.3 5.9 4.8 5 5 0 7.1 14.3 0.0 570 295 270 4.0 4.4 3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 31,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 35 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 19,180 ... ... 60.1 ... ... 20 ... ... 57.1 ... ... 4,025 ... ... 62.5 ... ...
Couple-family households 16,915 ... ... 53.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 3,595 ... ... 55.8 ... ...
With children6 6,105 ... ... 19.1 ... ... 5 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 1,325 ... ... 20.6 ... ...
Without children 10,815 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 10 ... ... 28.6 ... ... 2,275 ... ... 35.3 ... ...
One-parent-family households 2,265 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 5 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 430 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 595 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 95 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 210 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 1,155 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 200 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,435 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 195 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
One-person households 9,370 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 1,900 ... ... 29.5 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 61,195 29,270 31,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,750 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 59,745 28,545 31,200 97.6 97.5 97.7 x x x x x x 11,985 5,600 6,385 97.6 97.4 97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 47,600 34,800 40,000 47,600 34,800 x x x x x x 43,600 53,200 36,800 43,600 53,200 36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 59,800 28,575 31,225 97.7 97.6 97.8 x x x x x x 11,990 5,605 6,390 97.6 97.5 97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 42,800 32,400 36,800 42,800 32,400 x x x x x x 40,000 48,400 33,600 40,000 48,400 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 54,270 26,400 27,870 88.7 90.2 87.3 x x x x x x 11,145 5,325 5,815 90.8 92.6 89.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,400 39,200 24,800 31,400 39,200 24,800 x x x x x x 34,400 44,800 26,400 34,400 44,800 26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 38,285 19,055 19,230 62.6 65.1 60.2 x x x x x x 7,360 3,690 3,675 59.9 64.2 56.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,000 40,000 26,000 32,000 40,000 26,000 x x x x x x 36,000 45,200 29,200 36,000 45,200 29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 51,300 23,450 27,855 83.8 80.1 87.3 x x x x x x 10,135 4,460 5,675 82.5 77.6 86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,800 12,900 12,700 12,800 12,900 12,700 x x x x x x 13,000 13,000 12,900 13,000 13,000 12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 5,380 2,625 2,755 8.8 9.0 8.6 x x x x x x 925 440 485 7.5 7.7 7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,480 5,360 5,480 5,480 5,360 x x x x x x 5,280 5,680 4,960 5,280 5,680 4,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 13,850 6,280 7,570 22.6 21.5 23.7 x x x x x x 2,300 1,020 1,275 18.7 17.7 19.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 x x x x x x 8,000 7,500 8,000 8,000 7,500 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 61,210 29,270 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 30 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,750 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 59,735 28,605 31,120 97.6 97.7 97.4 x x x x x x 11,945 5,630 6,315 97.3 97.9 96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 49,960 58,600 42,040 49,960 58,600 42,040 x x x x x x 52,300 61,250 44,320 52,300 61,250 44,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 59,810 28,635 31,180 97.7 97.8 97.6 x x x x x x 11,975 5,630 6,345 97.5 97.9 97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,000 49,520 37,000 43,000 49,520 37,000 x x x x x x 44,920 52,450 38,240 44,920 52,450 38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 54,155 26,465 27,690 88.5 90.4 86.7 x x x x x x 11,120 5,375 5,745 90.6 93.5 88.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,520 52,750 34,640 43,520 52,750 34,640 x x x x x x 45,240 54,650 36,400 45,240 54,650 36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 38,285 19,205 19,080 62.5 65.6 59.7 x x x x x x 7,360 3,710 3,645 59.9 64.5 55.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,440 51,700 35,120 43,440 51,700 35,120 x x x x x x 46,600 54,250 38,800 46,600 54,250 38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 51,030 23,300 27,735 83.4 79.6 86.8 x x x x x x 10,020 4,400 5,620 81.6 76.5 86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,320 11,990 12,600 12,320 11,990 12,600 x x x x x x 12,160 11,590 12,590 12,160 11,590 12,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 5,300 2,570 2,730 8.7 8.8 8.5 x x x x x x 885 410 475 7.2 7.1 7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,520 6,375 6,660 6,520 6,375 6,660 x x x x x x 6,940 6,440 7,400 6,940 6,440 7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 13,555 6,225 7,335 22.1 21.3 23.0 x x x x x x 2,150 995 1,155 17.5 17.3 17.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,730 8,330 9,060 8,730 8,330 9,060 x x x x x x 8,610 7,640 9,440 8,610 7,640 9,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 61,205 29,270 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 25 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,755 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 15,005 8,405 6,600 24.5 28.7 20.7 x x x x x x 3,020 1,725 1,300 24.6 30.0 19.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 59,600 66,500 52,800 59,600 66,500 52,800 x x x x x x 65,500 72,500 58,000 65,500 72,500 58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,900 75,600 58,100 67,900 75,600 58,100 x x x x x x 72,000 77,700 64,300 72,000 77,700 64,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 17,685 8,075 9,610 28.9 27.6 30.1 x x x x x x 3,295 1,515 1,780 26.8 26.3 27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,400 23,400 17,200 19,400 23,400 17,200 x x x x x x 19,000 22,800 17,400 19,000 22,800 17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 30,960 37,320 25,600 30,960 37,320 25,600 x x x x x x 32,760 37,920 28,400 32,760 37,920 28,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 79.0 83.4 73.2 79.0 83.4 73.2 x x x x x x 80.6 85.2 74.6 80.6 85.2 74.6
Employment income (%)19 55.7 59.3 51.2 55.7 59.3 51.2 x x x x x x 54.9 58.4 50.6 54.9 58.4 50.6
Government transfers (%)20 21.1 16.7 26.7 21.1 16.7 26.7 x x x x x x 19.5 14.8 25.3 19.5 14.8 25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.4 x x x x x x 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.1 3.9 6.7 5.1 3.9 6.7 x x x x x x 4.0 2.9 5.3 4.0 2.9 5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.0 3.1 5.1 4.0 3.1 5.1 x x x x x x 3.0 2.2 3.9 3.0 2.2 3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 61,195 29,265 31,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 12,285 5,750 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 1,450 720 725 2.4 2.5 2.3 x x x x x x 300 150 150 2.4 2.6 2.3
With total income 59,750 28,550 31,200 97.6 97.6 97.7 x x x x x x 11,980 5,595 6,380 97.5 97.3 97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,480 1,765 2,715 7.5 6.2 8.7 x x x x x x 850 315 540 7.1 5.6 8.5
$10,000 to $19,999 7,150 2,600 4,550 12.0 9.1 14.6 x x x x x x 1,275 420 855 10.6 7.5 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 9,730 3,830 5,895 16.3 13.4 18.9 x x x x x x 1,750 615 1,135 14.6 11.0 17.8
$30,000 to $39,999 8,515 3,630 4,885 14.3 12.7 15.7 x x x x x x 1,565 620 945 13.1 11.1 14.8
$40,000 to $49,999 7,195 3,315 3,875 12.0 11.6 12.4 x x x x x x 1,425 625 800 11.9 11.2 12.5
$50,000 to $59,999 5,740 2,825 2,915 9.6 9.9 9.3 x x x x x x 1,195 565 630 10.0 10.1 9.9
$60,000 to $69,999 4,405 2,475 1,925 7.4 8.7 6.2 x x x x x x 1,015 570 445 8.5 10.2 7.0
$70,000 to $79,999 3,420 2,055 1,370 5.7 7.2 4.4 x x x x x x 820 505 320 6.8 9.0 5.0
$80,000 to $89,999 2,345 1,425 915 3.9 5.0 2.9 x x x x x x 565 350 210 4.7 6.3 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 1,765 1,105 665 3.0 3.9 2.1 x x x x x x 405 255 150 3.4 4.6 2.4
$100,000 and over 5,005 3,515 1,495 8.4 12.3 4.8 x x x x x x 1,125 775 345 9.4 13.9 5.4
$100,000 to $149,999 3,510 2,370 1,140 5.9 8.3 3.7 x x x x x x 795 540 260 6.6 9.7 4.1
$150,000 and over 1,500 1,140 355 2.5 4.0 1.1 x x x x x x 330 240 85 2.8 4.3 1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 61,195 29,265 31,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 12,285 5,750 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 1,395 695 700 2.3 2.4 2.2 x x x x x x 290 150 145 2.4 2.6 2.2
With after-tax income 59,795 28,575 31,220 97.7 97.6 97.8 x x x x x x 11,990 5,605 6,385 97.6 97.5 97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,870 1,875 2,995 8.1 6.6 9.6 x x x x x x 955 335 625 8.0 6.0 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 7,410 2,710 4,705 12.4 9.5 15.1 x x x x x x 1,320 435 885 11.0 7.8 13.9
$20,000 to $29,999 10,885 4,325 6,565 18.2 15.1 21.0 x x x x x x 1,930 695 1,235 16.1 12.4 19.3
$30,000 to $39,999 9,725 4,285 5,440 16.3 15.0 17.4 x x x x x x 1,815 730 1,085 15.1 13.0 17.0
$40,000 to $49,999 8,065 3,865 4,200 13.5 13.5 13.5 x x x x x x 1,660 765 895 13.8 13.6 14.0
$50,000 to $59,999 5,915 3,200 2,715 9.9 11.2 8.7 x x x x x x 1,310 710 600 10.9 12.7 9.4
$60,000 to $69,999 4,345 2,610 1,735 7.3 9.1 5.6 x x x x x x 1,040 625 415 8.7 11.2 6.5
$70,000 to $79,999 2,780 1,725 1,055 4.6 6.0 3.4 x x x x x x 655 425 230 5.5 7.6 3.6
$80,000 to $89,999 1,900 1,160 740 3.2 4.1 2.4 x x x x x x 435 265 175 3.6 4.7 2.7
$90,000 to $99,999 1,155 775 375 1.9 2.7 1.2 x x x x x x 270 180 85 2.3 3.2 1.3
$100,000 and over 2,750 2,045 700 4.6 7.2 2.2 x x x x x x 605 440 160 5.0 7.9 2.5
$100,000 to $124,999 1,475 1,070 405 2.5 3.7 1.3 x x x x x x 330 240 90 2.8 4.3 1.4
$125,000 and over 1,275 975 300 2.1 3.4 1.0 x x x x x x 275 200 75 2.3 3.6 1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 61,195 29,265 31,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 12,285 5,750 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 22,910 10,215 12,695 37.4 34.9 39.8 x x x x x x 4,925 2,060 2,860 40.1 35.8 43.8
With employment income 38,290 19,055 19,235 62.6 65.1 60.3 x x x x x x 7,360 3,690 3,670 59.9 64.2 56.2
Under $5,000 (including loss) 6,440 2,940 3,505 16.8 15.4 18.2 x x x x x x 1,115 525 595 15.1 14.2 16.2
$5,000 to $9,999 3,175 1,280 1,900 8.3 6.7 9.9 x x x x x x 555 225 325 7.5 6.1 8.9
$10,000 to $19,999 4,695 1,945 2,750 12.3 10.2 14.3 x x x x x x 885 370 520 12.0 10.0 14.2
$20,000 to $29,999 4,040 1,720 2,320 10.6 9.0 12.1 x x x x x x 730 300 430 9.9 8.1 11.7
$30,000 to $39,999 3,625 1,635 1,995 9.5 8.6 10.4 x x x x x x 635 280 350 8.6 7.6 9.5
$40,000 to $49,999 3,290 1,515 1,775 8.6 8.0 9.2 x x x x x x 595 255 340 8.1 6.9 9.3
$50,000 to $59,999 2,820 1,395 1,430 7.4 7.3 7.4 x x x x x x 540 235 305 7.3 6.4 8.3
$60,000 to $69,999 2,380 1,425 950 6.2 7.5 4.9 x x x x x x 510 305 205 6.9 8.3 5.6
$70,000 to $79,999 1,965 1,225 735 5.1 6.4 3.8 x x x x x x 475 300 170 6.5 8.1 4.6
$80,000 to $89,999 1,490 925 570 3.9 4.9 3.0 x x x x x x 340 220 120 4.6 6.0 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 1,200 740 460 3.1 3.9 2.4 x x x x x x 290 180 110 3.9 4.9 3.0
$100,000 and over 3,160 2,320 840 8.3 12.2 4.4 x x x x x x 680 495 185 9.2 13.4 5.0
$100,000 to $124,999 1,545 1,040 505 4.0 5.5 2.6 x x x x x x 355 235 120 4.8 6.4 3.3
$125,000 and over 1,610 1,280 335 4.2 6.7 1.7 x x x x x x 320 260 70 4.3 7.0 1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 61,195 29,270 31,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,750 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 58,585 27,950 30,635 95.7 95.5 96.0 x x x x x x 11,745 5,490 6,250 95.6 95.5 95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,000 46,800 31,800 38,000 46,800 31,800 x x x x x x 42,000 53,600 34,000 42,000 53,600 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 58,725 27,965 30,765 96.0 95.5 96.4 x x x x x x 11,780 5,490 6,290 95.9 95.5 96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,400 41,600 29,000 34,400 41,600 29,000 x x x x x x 37,600 47,600 30,600 37,600 47,600 30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 53,975 26,130 27,845 88.2 89.3 87.2 x x x x x x 11,045 5,255 5,785 89.9 91.4 88.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 32,400 41,200 26,000 32,400 41,200 26,000 x x x x x x 35,200 47,200 26,800 35,200 47,200 26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 41,475 20,715 20,760 67.8 70.8 65.0 x x x x x x 8,245 4,155 4,090 67.1 72.3 62.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,200 37,600 25,200 30,200 37,600 25,200 x x x x x x 31,200 40,400 25,000 31,200 40,400 25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 43,070 18,745 24,325 70.4 64.0 76.2 x x x x x x 8,520 3,510 5,010 69.4 61.0 76.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,400 11,700 9,800 10,400 11,700 9,800 x x x x x x 11,500 12,800 10,500 11,500 12,800 10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 4,500 2,260 2,240 7.4 7.7 7.0 x x x x x x 770 385 385 6.3 6.7 5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,160 5,200 5,160 5,160 5,200 5,160 x x x x x x 4,960 4,880 5,080 4,960 4,880 5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 61,210 29,270 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 30 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,750 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 58,595 28,045 30,550 95.7 95.8 95.7 x x x x x x 11,680 5,550 6,140 95.1 96.5 94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 48,160 57,300 39,760 48,160 57,300 39,760 x x x x x x 50,800 60,450 42,120 50,800 60,450 42,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 58,790 28,070 30,715 96.0 95.9 96.2 x x x x x x 11,745 5,550 6,195 95.6 96.5 94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,840 48,000 34,320 40,840 48,000 34,320 x x x x x x 42,760 50,680 35,680 42,760 50,680 35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 54,060 26,235 27,820 88.3 89.6 87.1 x x x x x x 10,960 5,275 5,685 89.3 91.7 87.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,120 53,850 34,920 44,120 53,850 34,920 x x x x x x 45,960 56,200 36,440 45,960 56,200 36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 41,680 20,900 20,780 68.1 71.4 65.1 x x x x x x 8,170 4,165 4,005 66.5 72.4 61.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 41,240 48,880 33,560 41,240 48,880 33,560 x x x x x x 42,720 49,400 35,760 42,720 49,400 35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 42,750 18,645 24,110 69.8 63.7 75.5 x x x x x x 8,495 3,545 4,945 69.2 61.7 75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,230 10,450 10,060 10,230 10,450 10,060 x x x x x x 10,610 10,910 10,400 10,610 10,910 10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 4,395 2,190 2,210 7.2 7.5 6.9 x x x x x x 730 395 335 5.9 6.9 5.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,670 6,450 6,890 6,670 6,450 6,890 x x x x x x 6,720 5,900 7,680 6,720 5,900 7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 61,205 29,270 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 25 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,755 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 14,870 8,350 6,515 24.3 28.5 20.4 x x x x x x 3,015 1,730 1,285 24.6 30.1 19.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 56,000 62,800 49,200 56,000 62,800 49,200 x x x x x x 63,600 70,000 54,800 63,600 70,000 54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 63,850 71,400 54,100 63,850 71,400 54,100 x x x x x x 68,500 74,000 61,100 68,500 74,000 61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 17,055 7,750 9,305 27.9 26.5 29.1 x x x x x x 3,145 1,435 1,715 25.6 24.9 26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 25,200 30,000 21,800 25,200 30,000 21,800 x x x x x x 23,600 29,000 20,200 23,600 29,000 20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 36,200 44,040 29,680 36,200 44,040 29,680 x x x x x x 36,440 43,280 30,720 36,440 43,280 30,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 84.4 87.8 80.0 84.4 87.8 80.0 x x x x x x 84.8 88.4 80.0 84.8 88.4 80.0
Employment income (%) 60.9 63.5 57.4 60.9 63.5 57.4 x x x x x x 58.8 61.3 55.4 58.8 61.3 55.4
Government transfers (%) 15.5 12.1 20.0 15.5 12.1 20.0 x x x x x x 15.2 11.5 19.9 15.2 11.5 19.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.3 x x x x x x 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 31,940 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 6,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 77,500 ... ... 77,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 74,500 ... ... 74,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 9,370 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 1,900 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,000 ... ... 40,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 46,000 ... ... 46,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,800 ... ... 36,800 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 22,570 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 4,545 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 31,945 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 6,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 93,400 ... ... 93,400 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 80,500 ... ... 80,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 83,500 ... ... 83,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 9,340 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 1,895 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 47,800 ... ... 47,800 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 50,320 ... ... 50,320 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 42,960 ... ... 42,960 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 22,605 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 4,545 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,300 ... ... 112,300 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 116,400 ... ... 116,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 96,600 ... ... 96,600 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 100,400 ... ... 100,400 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 31,935 ... ... 100.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 250 ... ... 0.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 30 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 145 ... ... 0.5 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 15 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 255 ... ... 0.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 35 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 665 ... ... 2.1 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 85 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,380 ... ... 4.3 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 220 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,045 ... ... 3.3 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 170 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,140 ... ... 3.6 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 185 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,350 ... ... 4.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 230 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,330 ... ... 4.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 245 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,330 ... ... 4.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 260 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,700 ... ... 8.5 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 540 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,520 ... ... 7.9 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 535 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,410 ... ... 7.5 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 525 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 2,160 ... ... 6.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 425 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 1,995 ... ... 6.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 470 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 11,260 ... ... 35.3 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 2,460 ... ... 38.2 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 3,910 ... ... 12.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 830 ... ... 12.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 2,565 ... ... 8.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 555 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 2,800 ... ... 8.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 640 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
$200,000 and over 1,990 ... ... 6.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 435 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 31,935 ... ... 100.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 305 ... ... 1.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 45 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 155 ... ... 0.5 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 20 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 270 ... ... 0.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 40 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 680 ... ... 2.1 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 85 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,460 ... ... 4.6 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 240 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,175 ... ... 3.7 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 175 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,365 ... ... 4.3 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 240 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,520 ... ... 4.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 280 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,515 ... ... 4.7 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 295 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,535 ... ... 4.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 300 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 3,095 ... ... 9.7 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 635 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,955 ... ... 9.3 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 625 ... ... 9.7 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,575 ... ... 8.1 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 525 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 2,445 ... ... 7.7 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 570 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,095 ... ... 6.6 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 445 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$100,000 and over 8,800 ... ... 27.6 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 1,925 ... ... 29.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 3,705 ... ... 11.6 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 790 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 2,190 ... ... 6.9 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 510 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
$150,000 and over 2,905 ... ... 9.1 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 630 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 21,425 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 4,390 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 101,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 11,145 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 2,320 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 87,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 82,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 6,865 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 1,450 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 126,000 ... ... 126,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 133,000 ... ... 133,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 110,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 2,810 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 520 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,400 ... ... 60,400 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 68,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 13,160 5,840 7,325 ... ... ... 15 5 10 ... ... ... 2,470 955 1,515 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 37,600 40,000 36,000 37,600 40,000 36,000 x x x x x x 42,800 48,800 39,600 42,800 48,800 39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 34,800 36,400 33,600 34,800 36,400 33,600 x x x x x x 39,200 43,200 36,800 39,200 43,200 36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 21,485 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 4,380 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 111,700 ... ... 111,700 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 116,300 ... ... 116,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,800 ... ... 95,800 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 100,100 ... ... 100,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 11,115 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 2,310 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 102,500 ... ... 102,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 104,400 ... ... 104,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 87,900 ... ... 87,900 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 90,700 ... ... 90,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 6,930 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 1,470 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 140,400 ... ... 140,400 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 145,800 ... ... 145,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 119,100 ... ... 119,100 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 123,600 ... ... 123,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 2,730 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 505 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,600 ... ... 75,600 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 84,400 ... ... 84,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 67,800 ... ... 67,800 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 74,400 ... ... 74,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 12,965 5,635 7,335 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 2,435 940 1,495 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 45,040 48,520 42,360 45,040 48,520 42,360 x x x x x x 47,320 53,600 43,400 47,320 53,600 43,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,480 42,040 37,480 39,480 42,040 37,480 x x x x x x 40,800 46,200 37,360 40,800 46,200 37,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 71,110 34,385 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 14,330 6,775 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 11,920 6,165 5,750 16.8 17.9 15.7 x x x x x x 2,505 1,260 1,250 17.5 18.6 16.5
0 to 5 years 3,460 1,775 1,685 4.9 5.2 4.6 x x x x x x 655 335 320 4.6 4.9 4.2
18 to 64 years 39,535 18,910 20,620 55.6 55.0 56.1 x x x x x x 7,455 3,545 3,915 52.0 52.3 51.8
65 years and over 19,655 9,305 10,355 27.6 27.1 28.2 x x x x x x 4,365 1,975 2,395 30.5 29.2 31.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 7,310 3,235 4,075 ... ... ... x x x x x x 990 390 605 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,325 670 660 ... ... ... x x x x x x 165 85 75 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 395 205 190 ... ... ... x x x x x x 30 20 5 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 3,680 1,680 2,005 ... ... ... x x x x x x 455 195 265 ... ... ...
65 years and over 2,305 890 1,410 ... ... ... x x x x x x 375 105 270 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 10.3 9.4 11.1 10.3 9.4 11.1 x x x x x x 6.9 5.7 8.0 6.9 5.7 8.0
0 to 17 years (%) 11.1 10.8 11.4 11.1 10.8 11.4 x x x x x x 6.5 7.1 6.0 6.5 7.1 6.0
0 to 5 years (%) 11.5 11.7 11.2 11.5 11.7 11.2 x x x x x x 4.4 6.8 2.5 4.4 6.8 2.5
18 to 64 years (%) 9.3 8.9 9.7 9.3 8.9 9.7 x x x x x x 6.1 5.4 6.7 6.1 5.4 6.7
65 years and over (%) 11.7 9.6 13.6 11.7 9.6 13.6 x x x x x x 8.6 5.4 11.3 8.6 5.4 11.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 70,820 34,240 36,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 14,330 6,770 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 11,865 6,140 5,725 16.8 17.9 15.6 x x x x x x 2,510 1,255 1,245 17.5 18.5 16.5
0 to 5 years 3,435 1,760 1,675 4.9 5.1 4.6 x x x x x x 655 330 325 4.6 4.9 4.3
18 to 64 years 39,350 18,820 20,535 55.6 55.0 56.1 x x x x x x 7,455 3,540 3,910 52.0 52.3 51.8
65 years and over 19,600 9,275 10,325 27.7 27.1 28.2 x x x x x x 4,370 1,970 2,395 30.5 29.1 31.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 2,335 1,095 1,240 ... ... ... x x x x x x 360 145 220 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 420 215 210 ... ... ... x x x x x x 70 25 40 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 100 60 40 ... ... ... x x x x x x 10 10 0 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 1,615 775 835 ... ... ... x x x x x x 235 100 130 ... ... ...
65 years and over 300 110 190 ... ... ... x x x x x x 55 15 40 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 x x x x x x 2.5 2.1 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.9
0 to 17 years (%) 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7 x x x x x x 2.8 2.2 3.3 2.8 2.2 3.3
0 to 5 years (%) 3.0 3.6 2.4 3.0 3.6 2.4 x x x x x x 1.6 2.5 x 1.6 2.5 x
18 to 64 years (%) 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 x x x x x x 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.4
65 years and over (%) 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 x x x x x x 1.3 0.7 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 71,110 34,380 36,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 x x x x x x 14,330 6,775 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 37,110 17,380 19,730 52.2 50.6 53.7 x x x x x x 6,680 3,020 3,665 46.6 44.6 48.5
In bottom decile 7,030 3,185 3,850 9.9 9.3 10.5 x x x x x x 965 385 580 6.7 5.7 7.7
In second decile 6,960 3,165 3,795 9.8 9.2 10.3 x x x x x x 1,080 460 615 7.5 6.8 8.1
In third decile 7,365 3,410 3,955 10.4 9.9 10.8 x x x x x x 1,440 655 785 10.0 9.7 10.4
In fourth decile 7,830 3,795 4,035 11.0 11.0 11.0 x x x x x x 1,570 740 825 11.0 10.9 10.9
In fifth decile 7,920 3,830 4,090 11.1 11.1 11.1 x x x x x x 1,635 775 855 11.4 11.4 11.3
In top half of the distribution 34,000 17,000 17,000 47.8 49.4 46.3 x x x x x x 7,650 3,750 3,895 53.4 55.4 51.6
In sixth decile 7,515 3,685 3,835 10.6 10.7 10.4 x x x x x x 1,685 800 885 11.8 11.8 11.7
In seventh decile 7,595 3,780 3,815 10.7 11.0 10.4 x x x x x x 1,755 855 895 12.2 12.6 11.8
In eighth decile 7,015 3,550 3,460 9.9 10.3 9.4 x x x x x x 1,575 785 795 11.0 11.6 10.5
In ninth decile 6,440 3,250 3,185 9.1 9.5 8.7 x x x x x x 1,460 715 745 10.2 10.6 9.9
In top decile 5,435 2,740 2,695 7.6 8.0 7.3 x x x x x x 1,170 590 575 8.2 8.7 7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 71,110 ... ... 71,110 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 14,330 ... ... 14,330 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.303 ... ... 0.303 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 0.277 ... ... 0.277 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.423 ... ... 0.423 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 0.381 ... ... 0.381 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.270 ... ... 0.270 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 0.248 ... ... 0.248 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.5 ... ... 3.5 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 71,825 34,745 37,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,650 6,930 7,720 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 64,640 31,530 33,105 90.0 90.7 89.3 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,705 6,040 6,660 86.7 87.2 86.3
French only 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
English and French 6,975 3,125 3,850 9.7 9.0 10.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,930 885 1,045 13.2 12.8 13.5
Neither English nor French 190 85 105 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 71,825 34,745 37,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,650 6,930 7,720 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 69,980 33,860 36,115 97.4 97.5 97.4 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,135 6,675 7,460 96.5 96.3 96.6
French 1,585 770 815 2.2 2.2 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 240 235 3.2 3.5 3.0
English and French 100 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Neither English nor French 165 75 95 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 71,825 34,745 37,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,650 6,930 7,720 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 70,735 34,245 36,485 98.5 98.6 98.4 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,420 6,820 7,600 98.4 98.4 98.4
Official languages 66,195 32,245 33,950 92.2 92.8 91.6 65 35 30 92.9 100.0 100.0 13,520 6,445 7,075 92.3 93.0 91.6
English 64,560 31,455 33,100 89.9 90.5 89.3 65 35 30 92.9 100.0 100.0 13,035 6,205 6,835 89.0 89.5 88.5
French 1,640 795 845 2.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 245 240 3.3 3.5 3.1
Non-official languages 4,535 2,000 2,535 6.3 5.8 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 380 520 6.1 5.5 6.7
Indigenous languages39 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 4,515 1,990 2,525 6.3 5.7 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 380 520 6.1 5.5 6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 85 55 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 70 45 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.1 0.2 0.1
Amharic 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 200 95 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 200 90 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 305 95 210 0.4 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.4 0.4 0.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 35 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 230 75 160 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Waray-Waray 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 70 45 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Tamil 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 2,945 1,320 1,625 4.1 3.8 4.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 285 375 4.5 4.1 4.9
Albanian 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 430 190 240 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 60 0.8 0.7 0.8
Baltic languages 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Latvian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 415 185 230 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 55 0.8 0.7 0.7
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 130 60 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 70 20 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Bosnian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Serbian 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,620 700 925 2.3 2.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 140 225 2.5 2.0 2.9
Frisian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 985 415 570 1.4 1.2 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 75 125 1.4 1.1 1.6
German 920 385 535 1.3 1.1 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 75 110 1.3 1.1 1.4
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Yiddish 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 475 210 255 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 80 0.9 0.7 1.0
Afrikaans 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 380 170 215 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 75 0.8 0.6 1.0
Low German, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 165 75 95 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
Danish 85 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 60 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 360 185 180 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.4 0.5 0.3
Indo-Aryan languages 320 160 160 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.3 0.4 0.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 70 45 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 160 70 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 40 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 40 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 485 215 270 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.8 0.7 0.8
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 110 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 90 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Spanish 265 105 160 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 120 35 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
Korean 155 75 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 420 175 245 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.4 0.4 0.5
Chinese languages 415 175 245 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.4 0.4 0.5
Hakka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 200 90 110 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 180 70 115 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 35 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 25 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 120 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
Estonian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hungarian 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,095 495 595 1.5 1.4 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 1.6 1.5 1.6
English and French 410 205 200 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 45 0.7 0.7 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 570 245 325 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 70 0.8 0.6 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 80 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 71,825 34,745 37,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,650 6,930 7,720 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 66,515 32,360 34,155 92.6 93.1 92.1 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,470 6,395 7,070 91.9 92.3 91.6
French 390 175 215 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 70 90 1.1 1.0 1.2
Non-official language 700 350 345 1.0 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 50 0.8 0.9 0.6
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 695 350 345 1.0 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 50 0.8 0.9 0.6
English and French 1,110 500 610 1.5 1.4 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 150 180 2.3 2.2 2.3
English and non-official language(s) 2,875 1,250 1,625 4.0 3.6 4.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 230 305 3.6 3.3 4.0
French and non-official language(s) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 150 60 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.3 0.2 0.3
Multiple non-official languages 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 71,825 34,745 37,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,650 6,930 7,720 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 71,230 34,480 36,745 99.2 99.2 99.1 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,515 6,870 7,645 99.1 99.1 99.0
Official languages 69,865 33,820 36,045 97.3 97.3 97.2 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,285 6,745 7,540 97.5 97.3 97.7
English 69,300 33,565 35,730 96.5 96.6 96.4 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,065 6,645 7,420 96.0 95.9 96.1
French 570 260 310 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 120 1.5 1.4 1.6
Non-official languages 1,365 660 705 1.9 1.9 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 125 110 1.6 1.8 1.4
Indigenous languages39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,360 660 700 1.9 1.9 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 125 105 1.6 1.8 1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 130 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 130 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 135 55 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 100 40 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 45 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 35 30 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 605 295 305 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 60 0.9 1.1 0.8
Albanian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Czech 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Russian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 185 90 100 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.3 0.3 0.3
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 115 55 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
German 100 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 60 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 215 110 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 195 100 90 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 40 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 110 50 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 115 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 100 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
American Sign Language 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 225 105 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese languages 225 105 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hakka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 110 50 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 595 260 335 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 65 80 1.0 0.9 1.0
English and French 165 75 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 45 0.5 0.4 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 415 180 230 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.5 0.4 0.5
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 71,825 34,745 37,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,650 6,935 7,720 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 68,115 33,120 34,995 94.8 95.3 94.4 70 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,870 6,595 7,280 94.7 95.1 94.3
English 665 310 355 0.9 0.9 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 75 1.0 1.1 1.0
French 790 355 435 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 115 1.5 1.5 1.5
Non-official language 1,865 795 1,070 2.6 2.3 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 135 215 2.4 1.9 2.8
Indigenous39 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 1,830 785 1,045 2.5 2.3 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 135 215 2.4 1.9 2.8
English and French 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 85 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 115 45 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 185 85 100 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 71,115 34,385 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,770 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 70,930 34,305 36,625 99.7 99.8 99.7 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,305 6,760 7,545 99.8 99.9 99.8
English 70,910 34,295 36,615 99.7 99.7 99.7 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,300 6,760 7,540 99.8 99.9 99.7
French 6,935 3,170 3,760 9.8 9.2 10.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,910 915 995 13.3 13.5 13.2
Non-official languages 7,380 3,290 4,090 10.4 9.6 11.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 635 645 8.9 9.4 8.5
Indigenous languages39 95 30 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 7,295 3,265 4,030 10.3 9.5 11.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 635 640 8.9 9.4 8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 165 90 75 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 165 90 75 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Amharic 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 100 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 45 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 250 135 115 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.3 0.3 0.3
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 250 135 115 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 540 180 360 0.8 0.5 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.6 0.4 0.7
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 80 20 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 40 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 450 160 290 0.6 0.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.4 0.4 0.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 5,165 2,390 2,775 7.3 7.0 7.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 935 490 445 6.5 7.2 5.9
Albanian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 505 250 255 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 70 45 0.7 1.0 0.6
Baltic languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 495 250 245 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 70 35 0.7 1.0 0.5
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.3 0.4 0.2
Czech 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 125 50 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Russian 155 60 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 90 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Serbian 40 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 35 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Irish 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 2,200 965 1,235 3.1 2.8 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 175 235 2.9 2.6 3.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,595 700 895 2.2 2.0 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 120 165 2.0 1.8 2.2
German 1,560 690 870 2.2 2.0 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 120 165 2.0 1.8 2.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 45 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 485 225 255 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.6 0.5 0.7
Afrikaans 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 385 175 210 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 50 0.6 0.5 0.7
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 190 80 110 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.3 0.4 0.3
Danish 110 45 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 0 0.2 0.2 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Swedish 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 475 245 225 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 45 15 0.5 0.7 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 425 220 205 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 45 15 0.5 0.7 0.2
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 30 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Hindi 250 125 120 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 280 130 150 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 35 0 0.2 0.5 0.0
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Urdu 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,110 965 1,145 3.0 2.8 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 185 175 2.5 2.7 2.3
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 300 145 165 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.5 0.5 0.5
Portuguese 160 85 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Romanian 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 1,710 760 945 2.4 2.2 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 140 140 2.0 2.1 1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 285 100 180 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.5 0.3 0.6
Korean 205 95 115 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 130 40 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.2 0.0 0.2
American Sign Language 120 40 80 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 470 200 270 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 40 0.4 0.2 0.5
Chinese languages 470 200 270 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 40 0.4 0.2 0.5
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 245 95 150 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.2 0.0 0.3
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 290 115 170 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 150 60 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 65 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 71,115 34,390 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,775 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 5,210 2,415 2,800 7.3 7.0 7.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 455 525 6.8 6.7 6.9
Single Indigenous responses46 5,020 2,305 2,710 7.1 6.7 7.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955 440 515 6.7 6.5 6.8
First Nations (North American Indian) 2,920 1,340 1,580 4.1 3.9 4.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 250 280 3.7 3.7 3.7
Métis 2,050 955 1,090 2.9 2.8 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 185 205 2.8 2.7 2.7
Inuk (Inuit) 55 10 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.2 0.0 0.3
Multiple Indigenous responses47 145 85 55 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 50 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Non-Indigenous identity 65,905 31,975 33,930 92.7 93.0 92.4 55 30 25 84.6 85.7 83.3 13,355 6,320 7,035 93.2 93.3 93.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 71,115 34,390 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,775 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,415 670 750 2.0 1.9 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 80 120 1.4 1.2 1.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 69,695 33,720 35,980 98.0 98.1 98.0 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,135 6,695 7,435 98.6 98.8 98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 24,690 ... ... 77.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 4,975 ... ... 77.2 ... ...
Renter 7,225 ... ... 22.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,465 ... ... 22.7 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 30 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 4,275 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,210 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
Not condominium 27,665 ... ... 86.6 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 5,235 ... ... 81.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 195 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
1 bedroom 2,675 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 370 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
2 bedrooms 9,450 ... ... 29.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,755 ... ... 27.2 ... ...
3 bedrooms 12,995 ... ... 40.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 2,665 ... ... 41.3 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 6,630 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 10 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 1,645 ... ... 25.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 7,610 ... ... 23.8 ... ... 10 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 1,200 ... ... 18.6 ... ...
5 rooms 6,020 ... ... 18.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,080 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
6 rooms 5,560 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 10 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 1,085 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
7 rooms 4,400 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 1,055 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
8 or more rooms 8,355 ... ... 26.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,015 ... ... 31.3 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 31,680 ... ... 99.2 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,405 ... ... 99.4 ... ...
More than one person per room 265 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 35 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 31,050 ... ... 97.2 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,345 ... ... 98.4 ... ...
Not suitable 890 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 95 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 3,630 ... ... 11.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 585 ... ... 9.1 ... ...
1961 to 1980 8,215 ... ... 25.7 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,970 ... ... 30.6 ... ...
1981 to 1990 4,770 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 945 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
1991 to 2000 6,500 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,330 ... ... 20.6 ... ...
2001 to 2005 1,870 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 340 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
2006 to 2010 2,650 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 685 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
2011 to 2015 1,735 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
2016 to 202157 2,575 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 295 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 30,110 ... ... 94.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,195 ... ... 96.1 ... ...
Major repairs needed 1,830 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 250 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 15,345 ... ... 48.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 3,015 ... ... 46.8 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 15,280 ... ... 47.8 ... ... 20 ... ... 66.7 ... ... 3,175 ... ... 49.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,320 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 250 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,445 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 525 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
25 to 34 years 2,915 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 485 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
35 to 44 years 4,475 ... ... 14.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 880 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
45 to 54 years 4,695 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 900 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
55 to 64 years 6,855 ... ... 21.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 66.7 ... ... 1,285 ... ... 19.9 ... ...
65 to 74 years 7,050 ... ... 22.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,405 ... ... 21.8 ... ...
75 to 84 years 4,030 ... ... 12.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,050 ... ... 16.3 ... ...
85 years and over 1,410 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 355 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 31,490 ... ... 100.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 6,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 25,160 ... ... 79.9 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 5,260 ... ... 81.9 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 6,325 ... ... 20.1 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 1,160 ... ... 18.1 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 5,790 ... ... 18.4 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 1,110 ... ... 17.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 31,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 6,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 8,375 ... ... 26.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,440 ... ... 22.4 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 5,750 ... ... 18.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,105 ... ... 17.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 700 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 75 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 1,255 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 180 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 90 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 485 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 90 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 10 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 23,570 ... ... 73.8 ... ... 30 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 5,005 ... ... 77.7 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 30,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 6,370 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 2,715 ... ... 8.8 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 465 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
Not in core need 28,235 ... ... 91.2 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 5,905 ... ... 92.7 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 24,335 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 4,975 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 53.0 ... ... 53.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50.3 ... ... 50.3 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 14.7 ... ... 14.7 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 12.5 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 4.9 ... ... 4.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 950 ... ... 950 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 900 ... ... 900 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,253 ... ... 1,253 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,216 ... ... 1,216 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 650,000 ... ... 650,000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 628,000 ... ... 628,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 691,000 ... ... 691,000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 663,000 ... ... 663,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 7,215 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 1,470 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 10.7 ... ... 10.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12.9 ... ... 12.9 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 38.4 ... ... 38.4 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 36.9 ... ... 36.9 ... ...
% in core housing need63 22.1 ... ... 22.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18.1 ... ... 18.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,180 ... ... 1,180 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,200 ... ... 1,200 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,263 ... ... 1,263 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 30 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 440 ... ... 440 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 440 ... ... 440 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 71,120 34,390 36,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,775 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 1,395 710 685 2.0 2.1 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 105 75 1.3 1.5 1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 1,370 695 675 1.9 2.0 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 105 75 1.3 1.5 1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 945 490 460 1.3 1.4 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 95 45 1.0 1.4 0.6
Métis single ancestry 405 205 195 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Inuit single ancestry 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 4,370 1,965 2,405 6.1 5.7 6.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 885 440 445 6.2 6.5 5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 4,260 1,905 2,360 6.0 5.5 6.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 420 445 6.0 6.2 5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,995 1,335 1,665 4.2 3.9 4.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 255 270 3.6 3.8 3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1,230 565 660 1.7 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 155 155 2.2 2.3 2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.2 0.0 0.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 110 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 105 55 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 65,355 31,710 33,640 91.9 92.2 91.6 60 30 30 85.7 85.7 100.0 13,265 6,230 7,035 92.6 92.0 93.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 71,115 34,390 36,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,775 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 68,620 33,325 35,295 96.5 96.9 96.1 60 35 25 92.3 100.0 71.4 13,885 6,565 7,330 96.9 96.9 97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18 11,720 6,075 5,650 16.5 17.7 15.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,460 1,205 1,255 17.2 17.8 16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 56,900 27,255 29,645 80.0 79.3 80.7 55 25 25 84.6 71.4 71.4 11,430 5,355 6,070 79.8 79.0 80.3
Not Canadian citizens78 2,495 1,065 1,430 3.5 3.1 3.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 210 230 3.1 3.1 3.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 71,115 34,390 36,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,775 7,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 61,555 29,975 31,580 86.6 87.2 86.0 60 35 25 92.3 100.0 71.4 12,480 5,900 6,580 87.1 87.1 87.1
Immigrants81 9,005 4,185 4,815 12.7 12.2 13.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 835 920 12.3 12.3 12.2
Before 1980 4,495 2,070 2,420 6.3 6.0 6.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 435 595 7.2 6.4 7.9
1980 to 1990 1,105 500 600 1.6 1.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 90 75 1.1 1.3 1.0
1991 to 2000 870 425 445 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 1.0 1.2 0.9
2001 to 2010 1,145 525 625 1.6 1.5 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 105 95 1.4 1.5 1.3
2011 to 202182 1,390 675 720 2.0 2.0 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 125 90 1.5 1.8 1.2
2011 to 2015 615 295 325 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 40 0.7 0.7 0.5
2016 to 2021 775 375 395 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 75 50 0.9 1.1 0.7
Non-permanent residents83 560 225 335 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.6 0.6 0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 9,005 4,185 4,815 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 840 920 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 1,260 625 635 14.0 14.9 13.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 150 120 15.1 17.9 13.0
5 to 14 years 1,685 850 835 18.7 20.3 17.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 165 115 15.9 19.6 12.5
15 to 24 years 1,875 795 1,080 20.8 19.0 22.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 245 23.3 19.6 26.6
25 to 44 years 3,595 1,635 1,960 39.9 39.1 40.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 315 390 40.3 37.5 42.4
45 years and over 590 280 310 6.6 6.7 6.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 5.4 5.4 6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 9,005 4,185 4,815 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 840 920 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 1,595 645 950 17.7 15.4 19.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 15.3 13.1 16.8
Brazil 35 15 20 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
El Salvador 45 30 20 0.5 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guyana 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 35 20 15 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0
Mexico 65 10 55 0.7 0.2 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.9 0.0 1.6
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidad and Tobago 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 1,190 490 700 13.2 11.7 14.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 9.9 8.9 10.3
Other places of birth in Americas 185 70 115 2.1 1.7 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 3.4 3.0 3.8
Europe 5,265 2,605 2,660 58.5 62.2 55.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 565 590 65.6 67.3 64.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 10 0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatia 15 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0
France 175 95 85 1.9 2.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 2.3 2.4 2.7
Germany 725 325 405 8.1 7.8 8.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 45 75 6.8 5.4 8.2
Greece 25 15 15 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 30 20 10 0.3 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.6 1.2 0.0
Italy 100 55 45 1.1 1.3 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 1.1 2.4 0.0
Netherlands 280 120 160 3.1 2.9 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 2.3 1.8 2.7
Poland 100 40 60 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.9 1.2 1.1
Portugal 45 25 15 0.5 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.9 1.2 0.0
Romania 50 40 10 0.6 1.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 35 20 20 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 40 20 15 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 30 10 25 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 2,970 1,475 1,490 33.0 35.2 30.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 320 390 40.3 38.1 42.4
Other places of birth in Europe 625 320 300 6.9 7.6 6.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 105 50 9.1 12.5 5.4
Africa 300 140 165 3.3 3.3 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 4.0 4.8 3.3
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrea 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 30 10 20 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 135 60 70 1.5 1.4 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.9 1.2 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 95 45 50 1.1 1.1 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 2.6 3.6 2.2
Asia 1,550 670 885 17.2 16.0 18.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 95 120 11.9 11.3 13.0
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 30 20 10 0.3 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 40 15 25 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 20 15 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 100 55 50 1.1 1.3 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 40 20 20 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.6 0.0 1.1
Korea, South92 155 70 85 1.7 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 1.1 1.2 1.6
Taiwan 50 30 20 0.6 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 440 145 290 4.9 3.5 6.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 45 4.3 3.0 4.9
Viet Nam 245 125 125 2.7 3.0 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 2.6 2.4 2.7
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 175 95 80 1.9 2.3 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.9 1.2 0.0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 215 60 150 2.4 1.4 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 2.6 3.0 2.2
Oceania and other places of birth93 290 130 160 3.2 3.1 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 2.8 3.0 3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 775 375 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 80 50 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 160 90 65 20.6 24.0 16.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 15 32.0 37.5 30.0
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 10 0 0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 95 55 35 12.3 14.7 8.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 8.0 12.5 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Americas 50 25 30 6.5 6.7 7.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 24.0 18.8 30.0
Europe 235 125 105 30.3 33.3 26.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 44.0 43.8 40.0
France 40 20 15 5.2 5.3 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germany 15 0 15 1.9 0.0 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 15 15 0 1.9 4.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 12.0 18.8 0.0
Italy 10 0 0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 10 0 10 1.3 0.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 95 60 40 12.3 16.0 10.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 12.0 12.5 20.0
Other places of birth in Europe 55 30 25 7.1 8.0 6.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 8.0 12.5 0.0
Africa 65 35 30 8.4 9.3 7.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrea 20 10 10 2.6 2.7 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 15 10 15 1.9 2.7 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 15 10 0 1.9 2.7 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 15 10 10 1.9 2.7 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 255 105 145 32.9 28.0 36.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 0 20.0 18.8 0.0
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 15 10 10 1.9 2.7 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 75 40 30 9.7 10.7 7.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 10 0 10 1.3 0.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 85 25 60 11.0 6.7 15.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Viet Nam 25 10 15 3.2 2.7 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oceania and other93 65 20 45 8.4 5.3 11.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 60 20 40 7.7 5.3 10.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 71,115 34,385 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,770 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 10,620 4,940 5,680 14.9 14.4 15.5 10 0 10 15.4 0.0 33.3 2,090 1,035 1,055 14.6 15.3 14.0
Second generation101 13,490 6,490 7,005 19.0 18.9 19.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,260 1,425 18.7 18.6 18.8
Third generation or more102 47,010 22,965 24,045 66.1 66.8 65.5 50 30 20 76.9 85.7 66.7 9,555 4,485 5,075 66.7 66.2 67.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 4,510 2,120 2,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 405 330 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 2,305 1,140 1,170 51.1 53.8 48.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 220 185 55.5 54.3 56.1
Principal applicants105 1,050 530 520 23.3 25.0 21.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 25.3 22.2 28.8
Secondary applicants106 1,255 610 645 27.8 28.8 26.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 135 85 30.1 33.3 25.8
Immigrants sponsored by family107 1,755 725 1,035 38.9 34.2 43.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 145 140 39.0 35.8 42.4
Refugees108 410 235 170 9.1 11.1 7.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 35 10 5.5 8.6 3.0
Other immigrants109 35 20 25 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 4,510 2,120 2,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 405 330 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 65 35 35 1.4 1.7 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 1.4 2.5 0.0
Work permits only before admission112 1,030 460 575 22.8 21.7 24.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 80 105 24.7 19.8 31.8
Study permits only before admission113 160 60 100 3.5 2.8 4.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 4.1 2.5 6.1
Work and study permits before admission114 245 95 155 5.4 4.5 6.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 10 4.1 7.4 3.0
Other permits before admission115 65 10 55 1.4 0.5 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 1.4 0.0 3.0
No pre-admission experience116 2,935 1,455 1,480 65.1 68.6 61.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 275 190 63.7 67.9 57.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 71,115 34,390 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,770 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 4,030 1,905 2,125 5.7 5.5 5.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 295 405 4.9 4.4 5.4
South Asian 660 340 325 0.9 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 65 40 0.7 1.0 0.5
Chinese 670 325 340 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 60 0.6 0.4 0.8
Black 425 235 190 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.7 0.7 0.7
Filipino 650 260 385 0.9 0.8 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 65 0.7 0.6 0.9
Arab 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latin American 265 110 155 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
Southeast Asian 400 190 210 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.4 0.3 0.5
West Asian 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 245 120 125 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
Japanese 315 120 190 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 25 60 0.7 0.4 0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 120 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.2 0.1 0.1
Multiple visible minorities 170 70 95 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.6 0.6 0.6
Not a visible minority120 67,085 32,485 34,605 94.3 94.5 94.2 65 35 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,625 6,480 7,150 95.1 95.7 94.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 71,115 34,390 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,770 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 9,300 4,720 4,580 13.1 13.7 12.5 15 10 0 23.1 28.6 0.0 1,705 835 865 11.9 12.3 11.4
English 24,045 11,590 12,455 33.8 33.7 33.9 25 0 15 38.5 0.0 42.9 5,245 2,435 2,810 36.6 36.0 37.2
Irish 14,095 6,460 7,635 19.8 18.8 20.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,840 1,250 1,590 19.8 18.5 21.0
Scottish 18,760 8,760 9,995 26.4 25.5 27.2 20 15 0 30.8 42.9 0.0 3,990 1,830 2,160 27.8 27.0 28.6
French, n.o.s.122 7,175 3,315 3,865 10.1 9.6 10.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,580 755 825 11.0 11.2 10.9
German 10,130 4,825 5,310 14.2 14.0 14.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,030 980 1,050 14.2 14.5 13.9
Chinese 795 360 430 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 40 85 0.9 0.6 1.1
Italian 2,390 1,120 1,270 3.4 3.3 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 205 280 3.4 3.0 3.7
Indian (India) 510 250 255 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.3 0.4 0.3
Ukrainian 3,735 1,650 2,085 5.3 4.8 5.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 360 445 5.6 5.3 5.9
Dutch 3,705 1,795 1,910 5.2 5.2 5.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 365 435 5.6 5.4 5.8
Polish 2,290 1,025 1,260 3.2 3.0 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 210 245 3.2 3.1 3.2
Québécois 195 90 110 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 40 0.6 0.6 0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.123 4,550 2,185 2,360 6.4 6.4 6.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 525 585 7.7 7.8 7.7
Filipino 635 270 365 0.9 0.8 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 40 60 0.7 0.6 0.8
French Canadian 920 435 485 1.3 1.3 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 120 115 1.6 1.8 1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,605 795 810 2.3 2.3 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 1.7 1.8 1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 1,970 905 1,065 2.8 2.6 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 195 180 2.6 2.9 2.4
Métis 1,745 835 910 2.5 2.4 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 2.5 2.8 2.3
European, n.o.s.126 2,085 1,050 1,035 2.9 3.1 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 210 200 2.9 3.1 2.6
Russian 1,385 605 780 1.9 1.8 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 95 135 1.6 1.4 1.8
Norwegian 2,810 1,295 1,520 4.0 3.8 4.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 275 310 4.1 4.1 4.1
Welsh 2,590 1,245 1,350 3.6 3.6 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 300 250 3.8 4.4 3.3
Portuguese 395 185 205 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.3 0.2 0.4
American 1,400 680 720 2.0 2.0 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 135 2.1 2.4 1.8
Spanish 485 220 260 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 45 0.5 0.4 0.6
Swedish 2,150 1,010 1,140 3.0 2.9 3.1 10 10 0 15.4 28.6 0.0 495 245 250 3.5 3.6 3.3
Hungarian 780 385 395 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 40 65 0.7 0.6 0.9
Acadian 220 110 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.5 0.6 0.4
Pakistani 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s.127 190 95 95 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
Jewish 455 200 255 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.6 0.6 0.6
Punjabi 45 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 280 150 130 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.5 0.4 0.5
Arab, n.o.s.128 100 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 290 110 180 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.4 0.3 0.5
Jamaican 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asian, n.o.s.129 90 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s.130 430 205 225 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.3 0.4 0.3
Korean 230 110 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Romanian 365 210 155 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 30 0.6 0.8 0.4
Lebanese 80 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 20 0.4 0.4 0.3
Iranian 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Christian, n.i.e.131 120 55 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Danish 1,260 555 705 1.8 1.6 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 120 100 1.5 1.8 1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 450 195 255 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.3 0.4 0.2
Sikh 40 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 815 380 440 1.1 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 75 1.0 1.0 1.0
Belgian 410 205 205 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 80 0.9 0.7 1.1
Haitian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexican 215 90 125 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
Mennonite 255 130 125 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.4 0.3 0.5
Swiss 600 290 315 0.8 0.8 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.7 0.8 0.7
Finnish 835 385 450 1.2 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 30 60 0.6 0.4 0.8
Sri Lankan 70 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.3 0.3 0.2
Croatian 180 95 85 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.4 0.3 0.4
Japanese 355 140 215 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 35 70 0.8 0.5 0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.133 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 180 110 70 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 20 0.5 0.7 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 570 240 325 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 35 80 0.8 0.5 1.1
Muslim 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egyptian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 705 345 360 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 80 1.0 1.1 1.1
Colombian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moroccan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 330 185 140 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.5 0.5 0.4
Syrian 40 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guyanese 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Serbian 70 45 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ojibway 115 65 55 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Newfoundlander 135 50 80 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Hong Konger 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 85 55 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Persian 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 45 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.138 65 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.2 0.0 0.4
Bangladeshi 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 60 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigerian 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 160 65 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 135 50 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 45 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 45 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 50 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 185 70 115 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
South African 175 85 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.3 0.1 0.3
Australian 370 165 205 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.8 0.7 0.8
Palestinian 20 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congolese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 90 25 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Peruvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 35 20 20 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 70 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 110 60 55 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 150 70 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Bulgarian 75 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.3 0.4 0.2
Albertan 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 145 85 55 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.4 0.4 0.4
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cuban 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 95 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 70 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 100 30 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.150 165 100 65 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
British Columbian 495 265 230 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.3 0.4 0.3
Ecuadorian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 50 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 45 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 205 100 110 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 30 0.2 0.1 0.4
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 50 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 30 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.4 0.5 0.3
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 71,115 34,390 36,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,330 6,775 7,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 295 105 185 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 20 50 0.5 0.3 0.7
Christian 23,205 10,140 13,065 32.6 29.5 35.6 15 0 10 23.1 0.0 33.3 5,540 2,400 3,140 38.7 35.4 41.5
Christian, n.o.s.162 4,750 2,180 2,570 6.7 6.3 7.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 470 525 6.9 6.9 6.9
Anabaptist 180 95 80 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Anglican 3,410 1,420 1,990 4.8 4.1 5.4 10 0 10 15.4 0.0 33.3 855 365 495 6.0 5.4 6.5
Baptist 900 390 510 1.3 1.1 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 60 140 1.4 0.9 1.9
Catholic 6,865 3,095 3,775 9.7 9.0 10.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,785 805 980 12.5 11.9 13.0
Christian Orthodox 260 125 135 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.3 0.5 0.2
Jehovah's Witness 325 160 165 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.5 0.4 0.5
Latter Day Saints 130 55 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.3 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 730 310 425 1.0 0.9 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 75 95 1.2 1.1 1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 120 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 560 250 315 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 75 1.0 1.0 1.0
Presbyterian 415 170 245 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.7 0.7 0.7
Reformed 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
United Church 3,200 1,240 1,960 4.5 3.6 5.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 315 495 5.7 4.6 6.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 1,320 575 740 1.9 1.7 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 85 190 2.0 1.3 2.5
Hindu 160 85 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Jewish 195 70 125 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.3 0.1 0.4
Muslim 160 80 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Sikh 215 95 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 30 0 0.2 0.4 0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 95 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions 1,115 360 760 1.6 1.0 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 65 135 1.4 1.0 1.8
No religion and secular perspectives 45,675 23,415 22,260 64.2 68.1 60.6 50 30 20 76.9 100.0 66.7 8,415 4,235 4,180 58.7 62.5 55.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 70,595 34,130 36,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,230 6,725 7,510 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 61,745 29,865 31,875 87.5 87.5 87.4 65 35 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,535 5,905 6,630 88.1 87.8 88.3
Movers 8,855 4,260 4,590 12.5 12.5 12.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,690 820 875 11.9 12.2 11.7
Non-migrants 3,650 1,765 1,885 5.2 5.2 5.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 290 285 4.1 4.3 3.8
Migrants 5,200 2,495 2,705 7.4 7.3 7.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 520 585 7.8 7.7 7.8
Internal migrants 4,860 2,360 2,495 6.9 6.9 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 490 520 7.1 7.3 6.9
Intraprovincial migrants 3,560 1,715 1,840 5.0 5.0 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 375 395 5.4 5.6 5.3
Interprovincial migrants 1,300 640 655 1.8 1.9 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 120 125 1.7 1.8 1.7
External migrants 345 135 210 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 35 65 0.7 0.5 0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 68,310 32,900 35,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,820 6,525 7,290 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 38,050 18,430 19,615 55.7 56.0 55.4 60 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,020 3,825 4,195 58.0 58.6 57.5
Movers 30,255 14,460 15,795 44.3 44.0 44.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,800 2,705 3,095 42.0 41.5 42.5
Non-migrants 6,645 3,165 3,480 9.7 9.6 9.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 455 580 7.5 7.0 8.0
Migrants 23,610 11,295 12,315 34.6 34.3 34.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,765 2,250 2,515 34.5 34.5 34.5
Internal migrants 22,205 10,640 11,570 32.5 32.3 32.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 2,115 2,340 32.2 32.4 32.1
Intraprovincial migrants 17,200 8,225 8,975 25.2 25.0 25.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,415 1,635 22.1 21.7 22.4
Interprovincial migrants 5,005 2,415 2,590 7.3 7.3 7.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,405 695 710 10.2 10.7 9.7
External migrants 1,405 660 745 2.1 2.0 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 135 170 2.2 2.1 2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 61,210 29,270 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 30 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,280 5,750 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 9,480 5,180 4,300 15.5 17.7 13.5 10 10 0 16.7 33.3 0.0 1,590 765 825 12.9 13.3 12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 51,730 24,095 27,630 84.5 82.3 86.5 50 25 25 83.3 83.3 71.4 10,695 4,990 5,705 87.1 86.8 87.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 35,595 16,825 18,770 100.0 100.0 100.0 45 25 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,665 3,090 3,570 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 3,820 2,260 1,560 10.7 13.4 8.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 230 180 6.2 7.4 5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 31,775 14,560 17,215 89.3 86.5 91.7 40 20 25 88.9 80.0 100.0 6,250 2,860 3,390 93.8 92.6 95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 61,210 29,270 31,930 100.0 100.0 100.0 65 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,285 5,750 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 7,840 4,150 3,680 12.8 14.2 11.5 10 10 0 15.4 33.3 0.0 1,350 610 740 11.0 10.6 11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 18,820 9,180 9,645 30.7 31.4 30.2 30 10 20 46.2 33.3 66.7 3,710 1,785 1,925 30.2 31.0 29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 34,545 15,935 18,605 56.4 54.4 58.3 20 10 10 30.8 33.3 33.3 7,220 3,355 3,865 58.8 58.3 59.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 20,785 10,055 10,730 34.0 34.4 33.6 20 10 10 30.8 33.3 33.3 4,130 1,995 2,135 33.6 34.7 32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 6,225 4,570 1,665 10.2 15.6 5.2 10 0 0 15.4 0.0 0.0 1,075 795 285 8.8 13.8 4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,655 1,510 1,145 4.3 5.2 3.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 280 205 4.0 4.9 3.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 3,575 3,060 515 5.8 10.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 510 80 4.8 8.9 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 12,725 4,855 7,870 20.8 16.6 24.6 10 10 0 15.4 33.3 0.0 2,655 1,050 1,600 21.6 18.3 24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,830 630 1,205 3.0 2.2 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 150 245 3.2 2.6 3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher 13,760 5,885 7,875 22.5 20.1 24.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,095 1,360 1,735 25.2 23.7 26.6
Bachelor's degree 8,535 3,625 4,915 13.9 12.4 15.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,845 775 1,070 15.0 13.5 16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,055 400 650 1.7 1.4 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 120 1.7 1.5 1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 470 250 220 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 85 60 1.2 1.5 0.9
Master's degree 3,245 1,320 1,925 5.3 4.5 6.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 790 360 435 6.4 6.3 6.7
Earned doctorate171 455 285 170 0.7 1.0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.8 1.0 0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 35,590 16,825 18,770 100.0 100.0 100.0 50 25 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,670 3,095 3,570 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,935 1,705 1,230 8.2 10.1 6.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 160 4.8 5.3 4.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 10,290 5,160 5,135 28.9 30.7 27.4 25 10 15 50.0 40.0 60.0 1,750 855 895 26.2 27.6 25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 22,365 9,960 12,410 62.8 59.2 66.1 10 10 10 20.0 40.0 40.0 4,600 2,075 2,520 69.0 67.0 70.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 13,320 6,385 6,935 37.4 37.9 36.9 10 10 10 20.0 40.0 40.0 2,575 1,265 1,305 38.6 40.9 36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 3,915 2,865 1,050 11.0 17.0 5.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 480 145 9.4 15.5 4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 1,675 960 715 4.7 5.7 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 190 105 4.4 6.1 2.9
Apprenticeship certificate169 2,240 1,905 330 6.3 11.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 285 35 4.9 9.2 1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 8,205 3,100 5,110 23.1 18.4 27.2 15 0 10 30.0 0.0 40.0 1,705 680 1,020 25.6 22.0 28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,200 420 780 3.4 2.5 4.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 100 145 3.7 3.2 4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher 9,045 3,575 5,475 25.4 21.2 29.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,030 815 1,215 30.4 26.3 34.0
Bachelor's degree 5,760 2,335 3,425 16.2 13.9 18.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 515 745 19.0 16.6 20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 670 240 430 1.9 1.4 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 25 85 1.6 0.8 2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 330 150 180 0.9 0.9 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 1.6 1.6 1.7
Master's degree 2,110 765 1,345 5.9 4.5 7.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 195 300 7.4 6.3 8.4
Earned doctorate171 175 85 85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.8 0.8 0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 61,205 29,275 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,285 5,750 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 26,660 13,335 13,325 43.6 45.6 41.7 40 20 25 66.7 66.7 83.3 5,065 2,400 2,665 41.2 41.7 40.8
Education 3,160 825 2,335 5.2 2.8 7.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 210 495 5.7 3.7 7.6
13. Education 3,160 825 2,335 5.2 2.8 7.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 210 495 5.7 3.7 7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,490 565 920 2.4 1.9 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 150 140 2.4 2.6 2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 105 90 15 0.2 0.3 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 40 10 0.4 0.7 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 1,380 475 905 2.3 1.6 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 2.0 1.9 2.0
Humanities 1,565 635 935 2.6 2.2 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 2.8 2.5 3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 145 40 105 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 445 145 295 0.7 0.5 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 25 85 0.9 0.4 1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 395 145 255 0.6 0.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.7 0.7 0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 80 25 55 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies 95 50 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.3 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 140 85 60 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.4 0.5 0.2
54. History 215 120 100 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.4 0.6 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 45 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 3,320 1,190 2,130 5.4 4.1 6.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 235 545 6.3 4.1 8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 50 10 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 305 135 175 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.4 0.3 0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 575 30 550 0.9 0.1 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 10 125 1.1 0.2 1.9
22. Legal professions and studies 400 135 265 0.7 0.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 30 75 0.9 0.5 1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 75 20 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.2 0.0 0.3
42. Psychology 640 195 450 1.0 0.7 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 40 140 1.5 0.7 2.1
45. Social sciences 1,260 675 590 2.1 2.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 140 140 2.3 2.4 2.1
Business, management and public administration 5,715 1,870 3,845 9.3 6.4 12.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,200 440 755 9.8 7.7 11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 680 125 550 1.1 0.4 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 40 110 1.2 0.7 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 5,025 1,745 3,285 8.2 6.0 10.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,045 400 645 8.5 7.0 9.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,430 815 620 2.3 2.8 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 165 100 2.1 2.9 1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 630 295 335 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.9 1.0 0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 235 155 80 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.4 0.6 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 465 325 140 0.8 1.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 70 15 0.7 1.2 0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians 75 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 695 385 310 1.1 1.3 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 75 1.2 1.3 1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 460 295 165 0.8 1.0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.7 0.8 0.5
25. Library science 105 0 105 0.2 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 35 0.3 0.0 0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics 105 70 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 6,685 6,210 480 10.9 21.2 1.5 10 10 0 16.7 33.3 0.0 1,300 1,175 125 10.6 20.4 1.9
04. Architecture and related services 150 85 65 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 15 0.4 0.6 0.2
14. Engineering 875 775 100 1.4 2.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 165 30 1.7 2.9 0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,320 1,160 160 2.2 4.0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 225 55 2.2 3.9 0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,905 1,850 55 3.1 6.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 300 0 2.5 5.2 0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,730 1,670 65 2.8 5.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 360 10 3.0 6.3 0.2
48. Precision production 710 675 40 1.2 2.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 90 0 0.8 1.6 0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,425 805 620 2.3 2.7 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 130 105 1.9 2.3 1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 745 315 430 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 75 0.9 0.8 1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation 680 485 195 1.1 1.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 90 30 1.0 1.6 0.5
Health and related fields 6,440 1,110 5,330 10.5 3.8 16.7 10 0 10 16.7 0.0 33.3 1,465 295 1,170 11.9 5.1 17.9
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 415 175 235 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.7 0.8 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 5,885 845 5,040 9.6 2.9 15.8 10 0 10 16.7 0.0 33.3 1,320 215 1,100 10.7 3.7 16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 130 85 45 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.4 0.6 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,615 1,540 1,075 4.3 5.3 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 330 155 3.9 5.7 2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,415 530 880 2.3 1.8 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 70 95 1.4 1.2 1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 95 70 20 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.4 0.5 0.2
43. Security and protective services 340 235 105 0.6 0.8 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 80 25 0.9 1.4 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 750 680 70 1.2 2.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 145 15 1.3 2.5 0.2
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 35,595 16,825 18,770 100.0 100.0 100.0 50 20 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,665 3,095 3,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 13,225 6,865 6,365 37.2 40.8 33.9 35 20 20 70.0 100.0 80.0 2,070 1,015 1,050 31.1 32.8 29.4
Education 1,580 385 1,200 4.4 2.3 6.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 130 245 5.6 4.2 6.9
13. Education 1,580 385 1,200 4.4 2.3 6.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 130 245 5.6 4.2 6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,040 390 650 2.9 2.3 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 110 105 3.3 3.6 2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 60 60 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.4 0.8 0.0
50. Visual and performing arts 980 330 650 2.8 2.0 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 85 105 2.9 2.7 2.9
Humanities 900 340 555 2.5 2.0 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 80 115 2.9 2.6 3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 75 30 50 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
23. English language and literature/letters 225 70 155 0.6 0.4 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 40 0.8 0.5 1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 235 85 150 0.7 0.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 40 0.9 1.0 1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 40 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 75 40 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 90 40 50 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.2 0.3 0.3
54. History 120 60 65 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.5 0.6 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 40 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 2,250 725 1,530 6.3 4.3 8.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 120 420 8.1 3.9 11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 40 10 35 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 240 100 140 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.5 0.6 0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 395 25 375 1.1 0.1 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 10 90 1.5 0.3 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 245 65 185 0.7 0.4 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 0 55 1.0 0.0 1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 60 20 40 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.6
42. Psychology 425 100 320 1.2 0.6 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 15 125 2.2 0.5 3.5
45. Social sciences 835 415 420 2.3 2.5 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 70 95 2.5 2.3 2.7
Business, management and public administration 3,810 1,170 2,645 10.7 7.0 14.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 285 525 12.1 9.2 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 465 65 395 1.3 0.4 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 80 1.4 0.5 2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 3,340 1,100 2,240 9.4 6.5 11.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 270 450 10.7 8.7 12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies 950 500 450 2.7 3.0 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 95 70 2.5 3.1 2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 405 175 230 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 45 1.1 1.0 1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 170 110 60 0.5 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.5 0.8 0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 290 185 110 0.8 1.1 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.8 1.1 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 455 280 170 1.3 1.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 45 1.4 1.8 1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 345 235 115 1.0 1.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.9 1.3 0.6
25. Library science 35 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 55 35 20 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.2 0.3 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 15 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 4,170 3,795 375 11.7 22.6 2.0 10 10 0 20.0 50.0 0.0 765 690 75 11.5 22.3 2.1
04. Architecture and related services 85 45 45 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 10 0.5 1.0 0.3
14. Engineering 575 485 90 1.6 2.9 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 90 25 1.7 2.9 0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 795 675 115 2.2 4.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 115 20 2.1 3.7 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,245 1,195 50 3.5 7.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 190 0 2.9 6.1 0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,045 1,000 45 2.9 5.9 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 215 10 3.4 6.9 0.3
48. Precision production 425 395 30 1.2 2.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 55 10 1.0 1.8 0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,060 565 500 3.0 3.4 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 85 90 2.6 2.7 2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 540 210 330 1.5 1.2 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 35 65 1.4 1.1 1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 520 355 165 1.5 2.1 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 1.2 1.8 0.7
Health and related fields 4,375 800 3,580 12.3 4.8 19.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955 220 735 14.3 7.1 20.6
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 310 125 185 0.9 0.7 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 1.0 1.0 1.0
51. Health professions and related programs178 3,950 605 3,345 11.1 3.6 17.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 155 680 12.6 5.0 19.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 100 70 35 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 10 0.7 1.0 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,780 1,005 770 5.0 6.0 4.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 205 105 4.6 6.6 2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,030 390 640 2.9 2.3 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 45 70 1.9 1.5 2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 20 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
43. Security and protective services 240 170 70 0.7 1.0 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 50 20 1.1 1.6 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 470 415 55 1.3 2.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 90 10 1.5 2.9 0.3
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 35,595 16,825 18,770 100.0 100.0 100.0 50 20 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,665 3,095 3,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 13,225 6,865 6,365 37.2 40.8 33.9 35 20 20 70.0 100.0 80.0 2,070 1,015 1,050 31.1 32.8 29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 22,370 9,960 12,405 62.8 59.2 66.1 15 10 0 30.0 50.0 0.0 4,595 2,075 2,525 68.9 67.0 70.6
Location of study inside Canada 19,985 8,890 11,095 56.1 52.8 59.1 15 10 0 30.0 50.0 0.0 4,175 1,845 2,330 62.6 59.6 65.2
Same as province or territory of residence 13,725 6,000 7,725 38.6 35.7 41.2 15 10 0 30.0 50.0 0.0 2,665 1,160 1,500 40.0 37.5 42.0
Different than province or territory of residence 6,255 2,890 3,365 17.6 17.2 17.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 675 830 22.6 21.8 23.2
Location of study outside Canada182 2,385 1,070 1,315 6.7 6.4 7.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 235 195 6.5 7.6 5.5
Americas 665 295 370 1.9 1.8 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 65 2.0 2.3 1.8
United States of America 605 265 340 1.7 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 60 1.9 2.1 1.7
Mexico 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Europe 880 435 445 2.5 2.6 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 115 90 3.1 3.7 2.5
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0
Germany 100 45 60 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3
Netherlands 30 25 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 35 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.2 0.3 0.3
United Kingdom87 445 235 210 1.3 1.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 70 40 1.7 2.3 1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 85 60 30 0.2 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.4 0.6 0.3
Africa 70 45 25 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Nigeria 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 30 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Asia 560 215 345 1.6 1.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.8 0.6 1.0
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwan 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 35 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3
Korea, South92 75 30 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 190 60 130 0.5 0.4 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.4 0.3 0.4
Viet Nam 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 115 60 50 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oceania 205 80 130 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.4 0.5 0.3
Australia 155 50 110 0.4 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3
New Zealand 50 30 20 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 61,210 29,270 31,935 ... ... ... 65 30 30 ... ... ... 12,285 5,750 6,530 ... ... ...
In the labour force 34,120 17,255 16,865 ... ... ... 30 15 10 ... ... ... 6,455 3,285 3,165 ... ... ...
Employed 31,400 15,805 15,600 ... ... ... 20 10 10 ... ... ... 6,015 3,060 2,955 ... ... ...
Unemployed 2,715 1,450 1,265 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 435 225 210 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 27,090 12,015 15,075 ... ... ... 35 15 20 ... ... ... 5,830 2,465 3,365 ... ... ...
Participation rate 55.7 59.0 52.8 55.7 59.0 52.8 46.2 50.0 33.3 46.2 50.0 33.3 52.5 57.1 48.5 52.5 57.1 48.5
Employment rate 51.3 54.0 48.8 51.3 54.0 48.8 30.8 33.3 33.3 30.8 33.3 33.3 49.0 53.2 45.3 49.0 53.2 45.3
Unemployment rate 8.0 8.4 7.5 8.0 8.4 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 61,205 29,275 31,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 30 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,285 5,750 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 26,545 11,745 14,795 43.4 40.1 46.3 40 20 20 66.7 66.7 66.7 5,635 2,345 3,290 45.9 40.8 50.3
Worked 34,665 17,525 17,135 56.6 59.9 53.7 25 10 10 41.7 33.3 33.3 6,645 3,400 3,245 54.1 59.1 49.7
Worked full year full time187 15,635 8,760 6,875 25.5 29.9 21.5 10 0 10 16.7 0.0 33.3 3,115 1,775 1,345 25.4 30.9 20.6
Worked part year and/or part time188 19,030 8,760 10,265 31.1 29.9 32.1 15 10 0 25.0 33.3 0.0 3,530 1,630 1,900 28.7 28.3 29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.0 40.5 39.6 40.0 40.5 39.6 40.0 x 36.0 40.0 x 36.0 40.2 41.0 39.4 40.2 41.0 39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 34,115 17,255 16,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 15 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,450 3,290 3,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 610 310 300 1.8 1.8 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 55 1.2 0.9 1.7
All classes of workers191 33,505 16,945 16,560 98.2 98.2 98.2 25 10 10 100.0 66.7 100.0 6,370 3,260 3,110 98.8 99.1 98.3
Employee 26,170 12,880 13,285 76.7 74.6 78.8 15 0 10 60.0 0.0 100.0 5,245 2,640 2,600 81.3 80.2 82.1
Permanent position 21,430 10,580 10,845 62.8 61.3 64.3 10 0 10 40.0 0.0 100.0 4,390 2,260 2,130 68.1 68.7 67.3
Temporary position 4,745 2,305 2,440 13.9 13.4 14.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 380 470 13.3 11.6 14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more) 1,335 705 625 3.9 4.1 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 3.8 4.0 3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 3,405 1,595 1,810 10.0 9.2 10.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 255 360 9.5 7.8 11.4
Self-employed192 7,335 4,060 3,275 21.5 23.5 19.4 10 10 0 40.0 66.7 0.0 1,130 620 515 17.5 18.8 16.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 34,115 17,255 16,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 15 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,450 3,290 3,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 610 310 300 1.8 1.8 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 55 1.2 0.9 1.7
All occupations191 33,505 16,945 16,560 98.2 98.2 98.2 25 10 10 100.0 66.7 100.0 6,370 3,260 3,110 98.8 99.1 98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 295 190 100 0.9 1.1 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.7 0.9 0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 4,265 1,100 3,165 12.5 6.4 18.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 250 640 13.8 7.6 20.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 2,095 1,535 560 6.1 8.9 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 305 115 6.5 9.3 3.6
3 Health occupations 3,240 670 2,565 9.5 3.9 15.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 145 560 10.9 4.4 17.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 4,485 1,785 2,695 13.1 10.3 16.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 550 480 16.0 16.7 15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 1,375 550 825 4.0 3.2 4.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 100 160 4.1 3.0 5.1
6 Sales and service occupations 8,865 3,605 5,255 26.0 20.9 31.2 10 0 0 40.0 0.0 0.0 1,740 780 960 27.0 23.7 30.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 6,355 5,685 670 18.6 32.9 4.0 10 10 0 40.0 66.7 0.0 975 870 105 15.1 26.4 3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 1,800 1,265 530 5.3 7.3 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 165 50 3.3 5.0 1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 740 550 185 2.2 3.2 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 80 20 1.5 2.4 0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 34,115 17,255 16,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 15 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,450 3,290 3,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 610 310 300 1.8 1.8 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 55 1.2 0.9 1.7
All industries191 33,505 16,945 16,560 98.2 98.2 98.2 25 10 10 100.0 66.7 100.0 6,370 3,260 3,110 98.8 99.1 98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,820 1,225 595 5.3 7.1 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 115 50 2.6 3.5 1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 380 350 30 1.1 2.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 55 10 1.1 1.7 0.3
22 Utilities 155 145 15 0.5 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 35 0 0.5 1.1 0.0
23 Construction 3,405 2,900 500 10.0 16.8 3.0 10 10 0 40.0 66.7 0.0 500 430 70 7.8 13.1 2.2
31-33 Manufacturing 1,040 720 325 3.0 4.2 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 130 55 2.9 4.0 1.7
41 Wholesale trade 575 400 175 1.7 2.3 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 100 20 1.9 3.0 0.6
44-45 Retail trade 4,470 2,155 2,320 13.1 12.5 13.8 10 0 0 40.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 455 13.8 13.2 14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,340 970 370 3.9 5.6 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 160 75 3.6 4.9 2.4
51 Information and cultural industries 425 250 175 1.2 1.4 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 35 1.4 1.7 1.1
52 Finance and insurance 745 280 465 2.2 1.6 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 90 2.2 1.7 2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 535 240 295 1.6 1.4 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 75 2.2 2.3 2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 2,390 1,160 1,230 7.0 6.7 7.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 195 240 6.8 5.9 7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises 30 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 1,445 840 610 4.2 4.9 3.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 125 85 3.2 3.8 2.7
61 Educational services 2,305 685 1,620 6.8 4.0 9.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 205 295 7.8 6.2 9.3
62 Health care and social assistance 4,970 955 4,015 14.6 5.5 23.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 195 835 16.0 5.9 26.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 925 460 460 2.7 2.7 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 85 2.7 2.7 2.7
72 Accommodation and food services 2,330 895 1,435 6.8 5.2 8.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 165 260 6.7 5.0 8.2
81 Other services (except public administration) 1,470 620 850 4.3 3.6 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 2.7 2.1 3.3
91 Public administration 2,750 1,695 1,055 8.1 9.8 6.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 560 275 12.9 17.0 8.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 37,380 18,810 18,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,135 3,640 3,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 36,350 18,330 18,025 97.2 97.4 97.1 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,850 3,510 3,345 96.0 96.4 95.8
French 130 35 95 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 20 0.4 0.0 0.6
Non-official language 50 35 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 50 35 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 550 305 250 1.5 1.6 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 110 100 2.9 3.0 2.9
English and non-official language(s) 285 105 180 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.5 0.4 0.7
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 37,380 18,810 18,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,135 3,640 3,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 37,305 18,765 18,535 99.8 99.8 99.8 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,105 3,620 3,485 99.6 99.5 99.9
Official languages 37,195 18,705 18,495 99.5 99.4 99.6 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,090 3,615 3,475 99.4 99.3 99.6
English 37,010 18,655 18,355 99.0 99.2 98.9 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,050 3,600 3,450 98.8 98.9 98.9
French 190 50 140 0.5 0.3 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.6 0.3 0.7
Non-official languages 110 65 45 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.3
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 110 65 45 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 30 25 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages 30 25 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 15 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 75 45 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.4 0.5 0.3
English and French 50 35 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.4 0.5 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 37,380 18,810 18,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,135 3,640 3,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 36,605 18,440 18,165 97.9 98.0 97.8 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,915 3,540 3,375 96.9 97.3 96.7
English 115 45 70 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3
French 445 255 185 1.2 1.4 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 90 2.5 2.5 2.6
Non-official language 195 70 125 0.5 0.4 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.3
Indigenous39 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 180 65 120 0.5 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.3
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 31,400 15,805 15,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 20 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,010 3,060 2,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 5,625 2,600 3,025 17.9 16.5 19.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 395 525 15.4 12.9 17.8
Worked outside Canada 75 65 20 0.2 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.3 0.5 0.0
No fixed workplace address 5,590 4,220 1,365 17.8 26.7 8.8 10 10 0 50.0 100.0 0.0 835 640 195 13.9 20.9 6.6
Usual place of work 20,115 8,920 11,195 64.1 56.4 71.8 15 0 10 75.0 0.0 100.0 4,235 2,005 2,230 70.5 65.5 75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 20,110 8,915 11,195 100.0 100.0 100.0 15 0 10 100.0 0.0 100.0 4,235 2,010 2,230 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 8,325 3,595 4,730 41.4 40.3 42.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 810 800 38.1 40.3 35.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 8,785 3,665 5,120 43.7 41.1 45.7 15 0 10 100.0 0.0 100.0 2,210 930 1,280 52.2 46.3 57.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 2,725 1,435 1,295 13.6 16.1 11.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 220 135 8.5 10.9 6.1
Commute to a different province or territory 275 225 55 1.4 2.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 45 10 1.4 2.2 0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 25,700 13,140 12,560 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,075 2,650 2,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 21,985 11,205 10,785 85.5 85.3 85.9 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,275 2,205 2,070 84.2 83.2 85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver 20,415 10,440 9,980 79.4 79.5 79.5 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,980 2,075 1,905 78.4 78.3 78.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 1,570 765 805 6.1 5.8 6.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 130 170 5.9 4.9 7.0
Public transit 495 235 255 1.9 1.8 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 60 2.3 2.3 2.5
Walked 1,465 615 850 5.7 4.7 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 105 155 5.2 4.0 6.4
Bicycle 785 465 325 3.1 3.5 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 145 70 4.2 5.5 2.9
Other method 970 620 340 3.8 4.7 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 130 70 3.9 4.9 2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 25,700 13,140 12,560 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,075 2,650 2,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 12,415 5,840 6,575 48.3 44.4 52.3 10 0 0 40.0 0.0 0.0 2,810 1,370 1,435 55.4 51.7 59.2
15 to 29 minutes 8,555 4,145 4,410 33.3 31.5 35.1 15 10 10 60.0 100.0 100.0 1,595 830 765 31.4 31.3 31.5
30 to 44 minutes 2,330 1,450 880 9.1 11.0 7.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 160 90 5.0 6.0 3.7
45 to 59 minutes 905 545 355 3.5 4.1 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 60 2.8 3.0 2.5
60 minutes and over 1,495 1,150 345 5.8 8.8 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 205 70 5.4 7.7 2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 25,700 13,140 12,560 100.0 100.0 100.0 25 10 10 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,075 2,650 2,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 1,285 885 400 5.0 6.7 3.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 175 90 5.2 6.6 3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 3,910 2,385 1,525 15.2 18.2 12.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 785 450 335 15.5 17.0 13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 6,540 3,665 2,875 25.4 27.9 22.9 10 0 0 40.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 800 585 27.4 30.2 24.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 6,695 2,940 3,755 26.1 22.4 29.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,230 525 700 24.2 19.8 28.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 4,000 1,550 2,450 15.6 11.8 19.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 385 430 16.0 14.5 17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 3,270 1,710 1,560 12.7 13.0 12.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 305 285 11.5 11.5 11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 12,160 6,295 5,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 5 0 5 100.0 0.0 100.0 2,560 1,300 1,265 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,260 630 625 10.4 10.0 10.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 220 230 17.4 16.9 18.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 10,900 5,665 5,235 89.6 90.0 89.3 5 0 5 100.0 0.0 100.0 2,115 1,075 1,035 82.6 82.7 81.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 9,155 4,770 4,385 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,005 1,020 985 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 965 500 465 10.5 10.5 10.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 180 175 17.7 17.6 17.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 585 285 300 6.4 6.0 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 125 130 12.5 12.3 13.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 380 210 170 4.2 4.4 3.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 5.0 4.9 5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 8,190 4,275 3,915 89.5 89.6 89.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 845 810 82.5 82.8 82.2

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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