Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Strathcona, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	48,150	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	44,671	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	23,017	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,227	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18,243.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	48,150	23,910	24,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,825	3,530	3,295	14.2	14.8	13.6
0 to 4 years	1,930	1,015	915	4.0	4.2	3.8
5 to 9 years	2,390	1,245	1,145	5.0	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	2,505	1,275	1,235	5.2	5.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	28,455	14,060	14,395	59.1	58.8	59.4
15 to 19 years	2,310	1,215	1,095	4.8	5.1	4.5
20 to 24 years	1,935	1,040	895	4.0	4.3	3.7
25 to 29 years	2,255	1,115	1,135	4.7	4.7	4.7
30 to 34 years	2,650	1,320	1,335	5.5	5.5	5.5
35 to 39 years	2,830	1,400	1,430	5.9	5.9	5.9
40 to 44 years	2,865	1,420	1,445	6.0	5.9	6.0
45 to 49 years	2,675	1,295	1,370	5.6	5.4	5.7
50 to 54 years	2,895	1,385	1,515	6.0	5.8	6.3
55 to 59 years	3,655	1,715	1,935	7.6	7.2	8.0
60 to 64 years	4,385	2,140	2,245	9.1	9.0	9.3
65 years and over	12,870	6,320	6,545	26.7	26.4	27.0
65 to 69 years	4,395	2,120	2,275	9.1	8.9	9.4
70 to 74 years	3,705	1,890	1,820	7.7	7.9	7.5
75 to 79 years	2,345	1,195	1,145	4.9	5.0	4.7
80 to 84 years	1,275	625	655	2.6	2.6	2.7
85 years and over	1,145	490	660	2.4	2.0	2.7
85 to 89 years	705	320	385	1.5	1.3	1.6
90 to 94 years	350	140	205	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	14.8	13.6	14.2	14.8	13.6
15 to 64 years	59.1	58.8	59.4	59.1	58.8	59.4
65 years and over	26.7	26.4	27.0	26.7	26.4	27.0
85 years and over	2.4	2.0	2.7	2.4	2.0	2.7
Average age of the population	46.4	45.8	47.0	46.4	45.8	47.0
Median age of the population	49.6	48.4	50.4	49.6	48.4	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,115	...	...	66.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	905	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	1,205	...	...	5.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	800	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,940	...	...	13.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,245	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,340	...	...	29.9	...	...
2 persons	8,860	...	...	41.7	...	...
3 persons	2,695	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	2,155	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	47,280	23,520	23,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	41,325	20,375	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	24,770	12,385	12,385	59.9	60.8	59.1
Married	19,185	9,590	9,595	46.4	47.1	45.8
Living common-law	5,580	2,790	2,790	13.5	13.7	13.3
Living common law - Never married	3,605	1,815	1,785	8.7	8.9	8.5
Living common law - Separated	330	160	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,420	725	695	3.4	3.6	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	225	90	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	16,550	7,995	8,555	40.0	39.2	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,430	5,370	4,055	22.8	26.4	19.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,280	600	685	3.1	2.9	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,395	1,440	1,955	8.2	7.1	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,440	580	1,860	5.9	2.8	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,060	...	...	63.4	...	...
3 persons	2,520	...	...	17.6	...	...
4 persons	1,935	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	770	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,050	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	9,260	...	...	64.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,370	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	5,890	...	...	41.3	...	...
Common-law couples	2,795	...	...	19.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,015	...	...	7.1	...	...
Without children	1,775	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,225	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,660	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	565	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,280	23,520	23,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	37,505	18,640	18,865	79.3	79.3	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	24,105	12,035	12,070	51.0	51.2	50.8
Parents in one-parent families	2,230	570	1,660	4.7	2.4	7.0
Children⁶	11,180	6,040	5,135	23.6	25.7	21.6
In a two-parent family	7,800	4,175	3,630	16.5	17.8	15.3
In a one-parent family	3,375	1,865	1,510	7.1	7.9	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,775	4,880	4,900	20.7	20.7	20.6
Living alone	6,340	3,030	3,310	13.4	12.9	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,080	520	555	2.3	2.2	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,355	1,320	1,030	5.0	5.6	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,595	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	10,930	...	...	51.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,895	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	7,030	...	...	33.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,670	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	430	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	810	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	930	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	6,340	...	...	29.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,475	19,495	19,975	97.5	97.5	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,515	19,525	19,985	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,600	36,000	41,200	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,770	17,505	17,265	85.9	87.5	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	38,400	24,400	30,400	38,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,565	13,065	12,505	63.2	65.3	61.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	42,400	27,200	32,800	42,400	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,175	16,290	17,885	84.4	81.5	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	13,200	12,900	13,000	13,200	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,310	2,210	2,100	10.6	11.1	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,840	4,615	5,225	24.3	23.1	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	40,465	19,995	20,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,380	19,470	19,910	97.3	97.4	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	56,900	41,000	48,840	56,900	41,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,460	19,530	19,930	97.5	97.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,160	36,400	42,240	48,160	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,840	17,595	17,250	86.1	88.0	84.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	51,250	33,720	42,560	51,250	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,565	13,105	12,460	63.2	65.5	60.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,880	52,700	34,560	43,880	52,700	34,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,075	16,275	17,800	84.2	81.4	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,920	12,660	13,160	12,920	12,660	13,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,215	2,195	2,025	10.4	11.0	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,230	7,050	6,620	6,230	7,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,565	4,620	4,945	23.6	23.1	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	8,440	9,060	8,760	8,440	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,135	5,595	4,540	25.0	28.0	22.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	67,000	51,600	58,400	67,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	75,500	56,450	67,000	75,500	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,470	5,430	6,045	28.3	27.2	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	26,200	17,000	20,600	26,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,360	41,440	24,200	32,360	41,440	24,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.2	81.4	71.2	77.2	81.4	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.3	62.4	52.8	58.3	62.4	52.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.9	18.6	28.7	22.9	18.6	28.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.4	7.2	5.6	4.4	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.5	5.5	4.4	3.5	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	40,470	19,995	20,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	995	500	500	2.5	2.5	2.4
With total income	39,470	19,500	19,975	97.5	97.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,980	1,220	1,760	7.6	6.3	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,025	1,960	3,065	12.7	10.1	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,665	2,805	3,860	16.9	14.4	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,740	2,590	3,150	14.5	13.3	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,775	2,180	2,595	12.1	11.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,605	1,815	1,790	9.1	9.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,595	1,485	1,110	6.6	7.6	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,110	1,270	845	5.3	6.5	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,475	925	555	3.7	4.7	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,195	775	420	3.0	4.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	3,295	2,470	830	8.3	12.7	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	2,330	1,690	635	5.9	8.7	3.2
$150,000 and over	970	780	190	2.5	4.0	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	40,470	19,995	20,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	955	470	485	2.4	2.4	2.4
With after-tax income	39,515	19,525	19,990	97.6	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,170	1,295	1,870	8.0	6.6	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,190	2,025	3,165	13.1	10.4	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,530	3,180	4,350	19.1	16.3	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,420	2,930	3,490	16.2	15.0	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,240	2,530	2,710	13.3	13.0	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,675	2,030	1,645	9.3	10.4	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,685	1,650	1,040	6.8	8.5	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,810	1,140	665	4.6	5.8	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,320	890	425	3.3	4.6	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	755	545	215	1.9	2.8	1.1
$100,000 and over	1,725	1,315	410	4.4	6.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	960	715	245	2.4	3.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	765	600	165	1.9	3.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	40,470	19,995	20,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	14,905	6,930	7,975	36.8	34.7	39.0
With employment income	25,565	13,060	12,500	63.2	65.3	61.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,115	1,945	2,170	16.1	14.9	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	2,170	905	1,265	8.5	6.9	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,065	1,320	1,740	12.0	10.1	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,715	1,165	1,550	10.6	8.9	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,380	995	1,385	9.3	7.6	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	2,180	965	1,210	8.5	7.4	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935	995	945	7.6	7.6	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,500	890	610	5.9	6.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,325	830	495	5.2	6.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	985	630	355	3.9	4.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	860	575	280	3.4	4.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	2,345	1,850	500	9.2	14.2	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	875	285	4.6	6.7	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,185	970	210	4.6	7.4	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,735	19,095	19,635	95.7	95.5	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	30,400	36,400	44,800	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,830	19,115	19,720	95.9	95.6	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	28,000	33,200	40,000	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,785	17,465	17,315	86.0	87.3	84.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	40,000	25,600	31,600	40,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,330	14,010	13,325	67.5	70.1	65.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	40,000	26,200	31,400	40,000	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,620	13,060	15,565	70.7	65.3	76.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	12,000	9,600	10,400	12,000	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,750	2,025	1,725	9.3	10.1	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,720	5,160	5,440	5,720	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	40,465	19,995	20,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,610	19,040	19,570	95.4	95.2	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	56,300	39,240	47,640	56,300	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,705	19,045	19,660	95.7	95.2	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	47,120	34,120	40,520	47,120	34,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,795	17,440	17,360	86.0	87.2	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	53,150	34,920	44,040	53,150	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,395	14,000	13,390	67.7	70.0	65.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	50,640	33,600	42,320	50,640	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,430	12,990	15,435	70.3	65.0	75.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,780	11,140	10,480	10,780	11,140	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,565	1,860	1,705	8.8	9.3	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,980	7,100	6,840	6,980	7,100	6,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,110	5,575	4,540	25.0	27.9	22.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	63,600	48,000	54,400	63,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,050	72,400	51,550	63,050	72,400	51,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,005	5,185	5,820	27.2	25.9	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	32,800	21,800	26,200	32,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,120	46,880	28,440	37,120	46,880	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	86.6	79.0	83.4	86.6	79.0
Employment income (%)	63.0	66.2	58.6	63.0	66.2	58.6
Government transfers (%)	16.7	13.5	21.1	16.7	13.5	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,070	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	785	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	795	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	995	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	970	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	950	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,780	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,630	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,485	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,395	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,230	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,215	...	...	34.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,380	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,725	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,850	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,260	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	220	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,120	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	880	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	905	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,135	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,050	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,045	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,035	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,740	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,265	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,715	...	...	26.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,405	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,470	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,840	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,690	4,350	4,340	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	32,800	33,600	34,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,800	...	...	138,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,685	4,350	4,335	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,960	48,120	41,760	44,960	48,120	41,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	41,400	37,520	39,480	41,400	37,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,280	23,515	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,205	4,265	3,935	17.4	18.1	16.6
0 to 5 years	2,415	1,260	1,150	5.1	5.4	4.8
18 to 64 years	26,770	13,140	13,635	56.6	55.9	57.4
65 years and over	12,300	6,110	6,195	26.0	26.0	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,435	2,590	2,845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,115	590	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	185	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,585	1,260	1,320	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,735	730	1,000	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.5	11.0	12.0	11.5	11.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	13.6	13.9	13.4	13.6	13.9	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.8	13.2	14.1	14.8	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.7	9.6	9.6	9.7
65 years and over (%)	14.1	12.0	16.2	14.1	12.0	16.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	45,620	22,680	22,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,825	4,080	3,745	17.2	18.0	16.3
0 to 5 years	2,295	1,205	1,090	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	25,750	12,615	13,130	56.4	55.6	57.2
65 years and over	12,055	5,985	6,065	26.4	26.4	26.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,520	815	700	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	320	175	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	45	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,025	565	460	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	80	90	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.2	3.6	3.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.5	3.5	4.0	4.5	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,280	23,515	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,540	12,350	13,185	54.0	52.5	55.5
In bottom decile	5,005	2,480	2,530	10.6	10.5	10.6
In second decile	5,340	2,490	2,855	11.3	10.6	12.0
In third decile	5,110	2,460	2,645	10.8	10.5	11.1
In fourth decile	5,065	2,470	2,595	10.7	10.5	10.9
In fifth decile	5,010	2,450	2,565	10.6	10.4	10.8
In top half of the distribution	21,745	11,170	10,575	46.0	47.5	44.5
In sixth decile	4,765	2,385	2,380	10.1	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	4,745	2,445	2,295	10.0	10.4	9.7
In eighth decile	4,525	2,310	2,215	9.6	9.8	9.3
In ninth decile	4,240	2,220	2,020	9.0	9.4	8.5
In top decile	3,475	1,810	1,670	7.3	7.7	7.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,280	...	...	47,280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.445	...	...	0.445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	47,835	23,775	24,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	44,400	22,230	22,160	92.8	93.5	92.1
French only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,300	1,485	1,815	6.9	6.2	7.5
Neither English nor French	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	47,835	23,775	24,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	47,020	23,390	23,630	98.3	98.4	98.2
French	655	320	340	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	47,835	23,775	24,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,250	23,505	23,745	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	44,270	22,095	22,175	92.5	92.9	92.2
English	43,555	21,750	21,800	91.1	91.5	90.6
French	715	345	370	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-official languages	2,980	1,410	1,570	6.2	5.9	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	85	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,810	1,320	1,490	5.9	5.6	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	100	180	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	80	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,770	865	905	3.7	3.6	3.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	140	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	135	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	845	420	425	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	520	265	255	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	480	245	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	240	125	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	235	125	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	160	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	185	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	185	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	585	275	310	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	170	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	355	175	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	47,835	23,775	24,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,800	22,350	22,445	93.7	94.0	93.3
French	110	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	425	200	220	0.9	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	425	200	220	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	480	225	255	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,890	880	1,015	4.0	3.7	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	47,835	23,775	24,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,480	23,610	23,875	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	46,600	23,185	23,415	97.4	97.5	97.3
English	46,420	23,090	23,325	97.0	97.1	97.0
French	180	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	885	425	455	1.9	1.8	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	875	425	455	1.8	1.8	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	390	185	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	350	170	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	280	135	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	47,835	23,780	24,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,640	22,755	22,885	95.4	95.7	95.1
English	420	205	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	370	165	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	1,175	540	635	2.5	2.3	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	125	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,045	480	570	2.2	2.0	2.4
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,280	23,515	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	47,155	23,460	23,695	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	47,140	23,460	23,680	99.7	99.8	99.6
French	3,295	1,550	1,745	7.0	6.6	7.3
Non-official languages	4,760	2,150	2,605	10.1	9.1	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	350	155	195	0.7	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	255	110	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	215	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,420	2,005	2,415	9.3	8.5	10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	80	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	80	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	405	160	245	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	375	135	240	0.8	0.6	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,090	1,415	1,670	6.5	6.0	7.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	175	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	355	160	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,175	515	665	2.5	2.2	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	730	315	415	1.5	1.3	1.7
German	705	300	405	1.5	1.3	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	360	155	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	205	80	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	135	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	425	230	200	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	425	225	200	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	265	120	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,170	555	615	2.5	2.4	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	170	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	865	390	475	1.8	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	125	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	85	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,280	23,520	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,140	3,105	3,040	13.0	13.2	12.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,850	2,970	2,885	12.4	12.6	12.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,250	2,140	2,105	9.0	9.1	8.9
Métis	1,580	825	765	3.3	3.5	3.2
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	41,140	20,415	20,725	87.0	86.8	87.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,280	23,520	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,500	1,770	1,730	7.4	7.5	7.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,780	21,745	22,035	92.6	92.5	92.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,740	...	...	74.1	...	...
Renter	5,260	...	...	24.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	230	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,090	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not condominium	19,135	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	2,005	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,520	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,725	...	...	41.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,785	...	...	22.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,250	...	...	24.7	...	...
5 rooms	3,815	...	...	18.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,580	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	2,650	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,930	...	...	27.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,005	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	20,635	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	595	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,800	...	...	8.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,115	...	...	33.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,560	...	...	16.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,645	...	...	17.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	855	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,535	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,115	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,600	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	19,870	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,355	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,505	...	...	49.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,845	...	...	46.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	875	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	415	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,120	...	...	10.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,000	...	...	14.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,225	...	...	15.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,535	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,015	...	...	23.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,335	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	580	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	20,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,420	...	...	80.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,115	...	...	20.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,775	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,600	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,720	...	...	17.5	...	...
Not suitable only	475	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	955	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,625	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,530	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not in core need	17,665	...	...	87.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	563,500	...	...	563,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.3	...	...	26.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,198	...	...	1,198	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	230	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	512	...	...	512	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	508	...	...	508	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,280	23,515	23,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,845	1,440	1,405	6.0	6.1	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,780	1,400	1,380	5.9	6.0	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,465	1,240	1,230	5.2	5.3	5.2
Métis single ancestry	305	160	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,615	1,810	1,805	7.6	7.7	7.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,535	1,770	1,765	7.5	7.5	7.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,615	1,295	1,320	5.5	5.5	5.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	880	465	415	1.9	2.0	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	40,825	20,265	20,555	86.3	86.2	86.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,280	23,515	23,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	45,855	22,850	23,005	97.0	97.2	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,145	4,275	3,870	17.2	18.2	16.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	37,705	18,575	19,135	79.7	79.0	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,430	670	755	3.0	2.8	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,280	23,515	23,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	41,845	21,030	20,815	88.5	89.4	87.6
Immigrants⁸¹	5,140	2,345	2,800	10.9	10.0	11.8
Before 1980	2,575	1,190	1,375	5.4	5.1	5.8
1980 to 1990	580	245	330	1.2	1.0	1.4
1991 to 2000	530	180	350	1.1	0.8	1.5
2001 to 2010	610	300	305	1.3	1.3	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	855	420	430	1.8	1.8	1.8
2011 to 2015	390	190	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	460	230	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	290	145	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,145	2,345	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	685	340	345	13.3	14.5	12.3
5 to 14 years	995	440	550	19.3	18.8	19.6
15 to 24 years	1,050	415	630	20.4	17.7	22.5
25 to 44 years	2,030	955	1,075	39.5	40.7	38.4
45 years and over	390	195	200	7.6	8.3	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,145	2,345	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	920	425	495	17.9	18.1	17.7
Brazil	40	15	20	0.8	0.6	0.7
Colombia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Mexico	25	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	730	360	375	14.2	15.4	13.4
Other places of birth in Americas	85	25	55	1.7	1.1	2.0
Europe	2,775	1,320	1,460	53.9	56.3	52.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
France	95	30	60	1.8	1.3	2.1
Germany	325	140	180	6.3	6.0	6.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	20	20	0.8	0.9	0.7
Italy	85	65	20	1.7	2.8	0.7
Netherlands	175	80	95	3.4	3.4	3.4
Poland	55	25	30	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portugal	40	20	25	0.8	0.9	0.9
Romania	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	675	745	27.6	28.8	26.6
Other places of birth in Europe	420	200	220	8.2	8.5	7.9
Africa	280	130	145	5.4	5.5	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	195	80	110	3.8	3.4	3.9
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	25	1.2	1.5	0.9
Asia	1,005	395	605	19.5	16.8	21.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	20	30	1.1	0.9	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35	1.0	0.6	1.3
Korea, South⁹²	100	55	40	1.9	2.3	1.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	360	130	235	7.0	5.5	8.4
Viet Nam	105	40	65	2.0	1.7	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	75	80	3.1	3.2	2.9
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	145	40	105	2.8	1.7	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	170	75	90	3.3	3.2	3.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	465	230	235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	50	35	18.3	21.7	14.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	45	30	15	9.7	13.0	6.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	3.2	0.0	6.4
Europe	80	50	35	17.2	21.7	14.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	2.2	4.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	10	5.4	8.7	4.3
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	20	9.7	10.9	8.5
Africa	65	35	35	14.0	15.2	14.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30	8.6	6.5	12.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	0	4.3	4.3	0.0
Asia	225	95	125	48.4	41.3	53.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	20	8.6	8.7	8.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	10.8	10.9	10.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	25	35	14.0	10.9	14.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	15	4.3	4.3	6.4
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,280	23,520	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,970	2,750	3,220	12.6	11.7	13.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,690	3,845	3,845	16.3	16.3	16.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,615	16,920	16,695	71.1	71.9	70.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,575	1,150	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,385	675	710	53.8	58.7	50.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	685	425	260	26.6	37.0	18.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	700	255	450	27.2	22.2	31.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,005	385	620	39.0	33.5	43.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170	85	80	6.6	7.4	5.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,575	1,150	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	665	330	335	25.8	28.7	23.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	20	55	2.9	1.7	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	40	60	4.1	3.5	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35	1.7	0.9	2.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,670	735	930	64.9	63.9	65.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,280	23,520	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,345	1,080	1,270	5.0	4.6	5.3
South Asian	540	275	270	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese	285	135	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	230	130	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Filipino	465	180	285	1.0	0.8	1.2
Arab	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin American	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	295	110	180	0.6	0.5	0.8
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	44,930	22,435	22,495	95.0	95.4	94.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,280	23,515	23,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,880	2,970	2,905	12.4	12.6	12.2
English	15,470	7,495	7,975	32.7	31.9	33.6
Irish	9,310	4,435	4,875	19.7	18.9	20.5
Scottish	11,715	5,710	6,005	24.8	24.3	25.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,315	2,020	2,290	9.1	8.6	9.6
German	6,275	3,070	3,205	13.3	13.1	13.5
Chinese	345	170	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	1,275	705	570	2.7	3.0	2.4
Indian (India)	320	145	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ukrainian	2,610	1,220	1,385	5.5	5.2	5.8
Dutch	2,000	985	1,010	4.2	4.2	4.3
Polish	1,280	560	720	2.7	2.4	3.0
Québécois	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,390	1,190	1,200	5.1	5.1	5.1
Filipino	445	180	265	0.9	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	520	225	295	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,020	550	470	2.2	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,595	1,365	1,225	5.5	5.8	5.2
Métis	1,330	700	625	2.8	3.0	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,575	835	740	3.3	3.6	3.1
Russian	980	460	520	2.1	2.0	2.2
Norwegian	2,550	1,270	1,280	5.4	5.4	5.4
Welsh	1,540	750	790	3.3	3.2	3.3
Portuguese	230	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	950	515	435	2.0	2.2	1.8
Spanish	325	125	195	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	1,770	795	980	3.7	3.4	4.1
Hungarian	515	210	305	1.1	0.9	1.3
Acadian	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	170	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Punjabi	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	205	85	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	345	180	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
Korean	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	190	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	920	455	460	1.9	1.9	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	620	275	350	1.3	1.2	1.5
Sikh	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	465	225	245	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	285	110	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	140	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	135	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Swiss	480	225	255	1.0	1.0	1.1
Finnish	675	315	360	1.4	1.3	1.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	165	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	435	265	170	0.9	1.1	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	480	210	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
Colombian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	165	60	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	125	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	120	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	150	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	280	165	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,280	23,520	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	230	100	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	14,645	6,585	8,060	31.0	28.0	33.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,620	1,715	1,900	7.7	7.3	8.0
Anabaptist	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	2,030	930	1,100	4.3	4.0	4.6
Baptist	635	280	355	1.3	1.2	1.5
Catholic	3,815	1,815	2,000	8.1	7.7	8.4
Christian Orthodox	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	335	130	205	0.7	0.6	0.9
Latter Day Saints	155	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	545	225	320	1.2	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	235	260	1.1	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	360	160	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Reformed	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,510	480	1,025	3.2	2.0	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	870	410	465	1.8	1.7	2.0
Hindu	175	75	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	715	290	425	1.5	1.2	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	31,040	16,245	14,790	65.7	69.1	62.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	46,900	23,335	23,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,730	20,260	20,470	86.8	86.8	86.8
Movers	6,175	3,075	3,105	13.2	13.2	13.2
Non-migrants	3,405	1,705	1,705	7.3	7.3	7.2
Migrants	2,770	1,370	1,400	5.9	5.9	5.9
Internal migrants	2,615	1,290	1,320	5.6	5.5	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,900	960	940	4.1	4.1	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	715	325	385	1.5	1.4	1.6
External migrants	150	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,350	22,520	22,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,000	12,925	13,075	57.3	57.4	57.3
Movers	19,350	9,595	9,755	42.7	42.6	42.7
Non-migrants	7,820	3,900	3,920	17.2	17.3	17.2
Migrants	11,530	5,700	5,830	25.4	25.3	25.5
Internal migrants	10,805	5,320	5,485	23.8	23.6	24.0
Intraprovincial migrants	8,215	4,075	4,140	18.1	18.1	18.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,595	1,245	1,345	5.7	5.5	5.9
External migrants	725	380	345	1.6	1.7	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,465	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,745	4,445	3,300	19.1	22.2	16.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,725	15,550	17,175	80.9	77.8	83.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,955	11,645	12,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,200	1,870	1,335	13.4	16.1	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,750	9,780	10,975	86.6	84.0	89.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,465	3,660	2,810	16.0	18.3	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,425	6,270	7,155	33.2	31.4	34.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,580	10,070	10,510	50.9	50.4	51.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,295	7,275	7,020	35.3	36.4	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,690	3,650	1,040	11.6	18.3	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,905	1,185	715	4.7	5.9	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,785	2,460	325	6.9	12.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,505	3,280	5,225	21.0	16.4	25.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,095	345	755	2.7	1.7	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,285	2,795	3,490	15.5	14.0	17.0
Bachelor's degree	4,050	1,765	2,285	10.0	8.8	11.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	240	290	1.3	1.2	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	140	90	0.6	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	1,310	570	735	3.2	2.9	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,955	11,640	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,570	1,510	1,060	10.7	13.0	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,665	3,745	3,920	32.0	32.2	31.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,720	6,385	7,335	57.3	54.9	59.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,385	4,625	4,765	39.2	39.7	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,965	2,270	695	12.4	19.5	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,230	745	490	5.1	6.4	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,730	1,525	200	7.2	13.1	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,750	2,135	3,615	24.0	18.3	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	220	455	2.8	1.9	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,330	1,760	2,575	18.1	15.1	20.9
Bachelor's degree	2,850	1,160	1,695	11.9	10.0	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	105	200	1.3	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	95	90	0.8	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	900	360	545	3.8	3.1	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,890	9,925	9,965	49.1	49.6	48.7
Education	1,495	380	1,115	3.7	1.9	5.4
13. Education	1,495	380	1,115	3.7	1.9	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	215	335	1.4	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	470	165	305	1.2	0.8	1.5
Humanities	740	340	400	1.8	1.7	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	200	90	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	80	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	80	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,825	510	1,315	4.5	2.6	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	55	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	520	50	475	1.3	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	270	65	205	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	255	55	190	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	565	265	305	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	3,435	1,130	2,305	8.5	5.7	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	100	340	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,000	1,030	1,965	7.4	5.2	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	695	340	360	1.7	1.7	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	135	180	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	200	150	45	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	425	245	180	1.1	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	205	150	0.9	1.0	0.7
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,955	4,660	300	12.2	23.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	415	375	40	1.0	1.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	915	830	90	2.3	4.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,445	1,390	55	3.6	7.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,535	1,500	35	3.8	7.5	0.2
48. Precision production	580	535	40	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,070	725	345	2.6	3.6	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	140	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	740	585	155	1.8	2.9	0.8
Health and related fields	3,685	550	3,135	9.1	2.8	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	50	125	0.4	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,420	450	2,975	8.5	2.3	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,690	955	735	4.2	4.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	910	280	635	2.2	1.4	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	175	135	40	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	600	540	60	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,950	11,645	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,235	5,255	4,980	42.7	45.1	40.5
Education	785	145	640	3.3	1.2	5.2
13. Education	785	145	640	3.3	1.2	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370	140	230	1.5	1.2	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	330	105	220	1.4	0.9	1.8
Humanities	415	185	225	1.7	1.6	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	110	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	35	75	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	50	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,330	315	1,015	5.6	2.7	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	35	380	1.7	0.3	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	200	25	170	0.8	0.2	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	165	30	135	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	405	175	225	1.7	1.5	1.8
Business, management and public administration	2,360	800	1,560	9.9	6.9	12.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	70	245	1.3	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,045	730	1,315	8.5	6.3	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	450	190	260	1.9	1.6	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	90	145	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	105	65	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	155	130	1.2	1.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	265	155	110	1.1	1.3	0.9
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,105	2,865	240	13.0	24.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	290	255	35	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	535	480	55	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	915	870	50	3.8	7.5	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	935	900	35	3.9	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	380	345	35	1.6	3.0	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	745	495	260	3.1	4.3	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	105	120	0.9	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	385	140	2.2	3.3	1.1
Health and related fields	2,660	420	2,240	11.1	3.6	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	45	90	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,455	335	2,120	10.3	2.9	17.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,205	670	535	5.0	5.8	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	655	210	450	2.7	1.8	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	95	40	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	365	45	1.7	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,950	11,645	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,235	5,255	4,980	42.7	45.1	40.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,720	6,390	7,330	57.3	54.9	59.5
Location of study inside Canada	12,410	5,760	6,650	51.8	49.5	54.0
Same as province or territory of residence	9,295	4,180	5,115	38.8	35.9	41.6
Different than province or territory of residence	3,115	1,580	1,530	13.0	13.6	12.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,310	625	690	5.5	5.4	5.6
Americas	330	155	175	1.4	1.3	1.4
United States of America	275	140	140	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	455	225	230	1.9	1.9	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	225	115	110	0.9	1.0	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	85	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	365	160	210	1.5	1.4	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Philippines	170	65	105	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	40,470	19,995	20,475	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,355	11,445	10,910	...	...	...
Employed	20,305	10,280	10,025	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,050	1,165	885	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,115	8,550	9,565	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.2	57.2	53.3	55.2	57.2	53.3
Employment rate	50.2	51.4	49.0	50.2	51.4	49.0
Unemployment rate	9.2	10.2	8.1	9.2	10.2	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	40,470	19,995	20,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,660	8,295	9,365	43.6	41.5	45.7
Worked	22,805	11,700	11,110	56.4	58.5	54.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,500	5,840	4,665	25.9	29.2	22.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,305	5,860	6,445	30.4	29.3	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	39.9	39.9	39.9	39.9	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,355	11,445	10,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	270	205	2.1	2.4	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,875	11,175	10,700	97.9	97.6	98.1
Employee	18,175	8,980	9,195	81.3	78.5	84.3
Permanent position	15,255	7,655	7,605	68.2	66.9	69.7
Temporary position	2,920	1,330	1,590	13.1	11.6	14.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	725	330	400	3.2	2.9	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,190	1,000	1,190	9.8	8.7	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,700	2,195	1,505	16.6	19.2	13.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,355	11,445	10,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	270	205	2.1	2.4	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,875	11,175	10,700	97.9	97.6	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200	115	80	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,060	715	2,340	13.7	6.2	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,385	1,085	305	6.2	9.5	2.8
3 Health occupations	1,980	350	1,630	8.9	3.1	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,415	580	1,835	10.8	5.1	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	470	160	315	2.1	1.4	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	5,750	2,330	3,425	25.7	20.4	31.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,530	4,155	375	20.3	36.3	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,475	1,190	280	6.6	10.4	2.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	625	500	120	2.8	4.4	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,355	11,445	10,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	270	205	2.1	2.4	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	21,875	11,175	10,700	97.9	97.6	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,950	1,480	475	8.7	12.9	4.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	660	605	55	3.0	5.3	0.5
22 Utilities	130	120	10	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	2,060	1,775	290	9.2	15.5	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	775	525	255	3.5	4.6	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	315	245	65	1.4	2.1	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	2,830	1,285	1,550	12.7	11.2	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	930	690	240	4.2	6.0	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	235	125	110	1.1	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	405	170	235	1.8	1.5	2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	155	215	1.7	1.4	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,185	575	610	5.3	5.0	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	905	530	375	4.0	4.6	3.4
61 Educational services	1,275	285	990	5.7	2.5	9.1
62 Health care and social assistance	3,510	610	2,900	15.7	5.3	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	470	190	275	2.1	1.7	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,665	705	960	7.4	6.2	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,010	525	485	4.5	4.6	4.4
91 Public administration	1,165	575	590	5.2	5.0	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,685	12,655	12,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,240	12,460	11,780	98.2	98.5	97.9
French	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	170	75	95	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	195	70	120	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,685	12,655	12,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,625	12,615	12,005	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	24,555	12,570	11,985	99.5	99.3	99.6
English	24,495	12,555	11,940	99.2	99.2	99.3
French	60	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	70	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,685	12,655	12,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,350	12,510	11,840	98.6	98.9	98.4
English	65	30	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	115	65	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	150	50	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	45	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	105	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,305	10,280	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,620	1,130	1,490	12.9	11.0	14.9
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,990	3,045	945	19.7	29.6	9.4
Usual place of work	13,665	6,085	7,580	67.3	59.2	75.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,665	6,085	7,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,540	3,870	5,670	69.8	63.6	74.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,220	1,160	1,055	16.2	19.1	13.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,665	850	815	12.2	14.0	10.7
Commute to a different province or territory	245	205	40	1.8	3.4	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,655	9,135	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,330	7,880	7,445	86.8	86.3	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,100	7,245	6,860	79.9	79.3	80.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,225	640	585	6.9	7.0	6.9
Public transit	485	270	215	2.7	3.0	2.5
Walked	955	385	575	5.4	4.2	6.7
Bicycle	235	150	85	1.3	1.6	1.0
Other method	655	450	205	3.7	4.9	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,655	9,135	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,865	3,815	5,050	50.2	41.8	59.2
15 to 29 minutes	4,990	2,630	2,355	28.3	28.8	27.6
30 to 44 minutes	1,480	875	605	8.4	9.6	7.1
45 to 59 minutes	765	495	270	4.3	5.4	3.2
60 minutes and over	1,560	1,310	245	8.8	14.3	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,655	9,135	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,150	865	280	6.5	9.5	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,675	1,570	1,105	15.2	17.2	13.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,605	2,610	1,995	26.1	28.6	23.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,390	1,740	2,645	24.9	19.0	31.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,425	920	1,510	13.7	10.1	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,405	1,425	980	13.6	15.6	11.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,390	4,365	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	770	400	365	9.2	9.2	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,620	3,965	3,655	90.8	90.8	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,290	3,255	3,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	610	310	300	9.7	9.5	9.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	360	170	190	5.7	5.2	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	145	105	4.0	4.5	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,675	2,945	2,730	90.2	90.5	90.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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