Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Alberni-Clayoquot, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,521	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	16,704	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,615	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,577.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,520	16,645	16,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,965	2,515	2,450	14.8	15.1	14.5
0 to 4 years	1,455	755	700	4.3	4.5	4.1
5 to 9 years	1,745	870	875	5.2	5.2	5.2
10 to 14 years	1,765	885	880	5.3	5.3	5.2
15 to 64 years	20,480	10,160	10,315	61.1	61.0	61.1
15 to 19 years	1,590	820	775	4.7	4.9	4.6
20 to 24 years	1,480	720	765	4.4	4.3	4.5
25 to 29 years	1,895	945	950	5.7	5.7	5.6
30 to 34 years	2,140	1,040	1,100	6.4	6.2	6.5
35 to 39 years	2,140	1,065	1,075	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	2,005	1,030	975	6.0	6.2	5.8
45 to 49 years	1,935	950	985	5.8	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	2,045	1,010	1,035	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	2,480	1,205	1,275	7.4	7.2	7.6
60 to 64 years	2,765	1,385	1,385	8.2	8.3	8.2
65 years and over	8,075	3,970	4,105	24.1	23.9	24.3
65 to 69 years	2,640	1,285	1,355	7.9	7.7	8.0
70 to 74 years	2,215	1,145	1,070	6.6	6.9	6.3
75 to 79 years	1,520	760	765	4.5	4.6	4.5
80 to 84 years	890	420	470	2.7	2.5	2.8
85 years and over	805	360	445	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 to 89 years	525	250	275	1.6	1.5	1.6
90 to 94 years	220	90	130	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.1	14.5	14.8	15.1	14.5
15 to 64 years	61.1	61.0	61.1	61.1	61.0	61.1
65 years and over	24.1	23.9	24.3	24.1	23.9	24.3
85 years and over	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.6
Average age of the population	44.9	44.6	45.1	44.9	44.6	45.1
Median age of the population	46.4	46.0	46.8	46.4	46.0	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,270	...	...	70.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	470	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	680	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	650	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,605	...	...	11.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	140	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	750	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,725	...	...	32.3	...	...
2 persons	5,635	...	...	38.6	...	...
3 persons	1,940	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	1,420	...	...	9.7	...	...
5 or more persons	895	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,685	16,210	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,555	14,130	14,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	15,850	7,925	7,925	55.5	56.1	55.0
Married	11,745	5,870	5,875	41.1	41.5	40.7
Living common-law	4,105	2,055	2,050	14.4	14.5	14.2
Living common law - Never married	3,010	1,515	1,495	10.5	10.7	10.4
Living common law - Separated	160	75	85	0.6	0.5	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	820	415	405	2.9	2.9	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	12,705	6,210	6,495	44.5	43.9	45.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,620	4,225	3,400	26.7	29.9	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	865	390	480	3.0	2.8	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,380	1,135	1,245	8.3	8.0	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,840	465	1,375	6.4	3.3	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,840	...	...	61.9	...	...
3 persons	1,760	...	...	18.7	...	...
4 persons	1,265	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	565	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,685	...	...	81.5	...	...
Married couples	5,630	...	...	59.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,125	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	3,505	...	...	37.2	...	...
Common-law couples	2,055	...	...	21.8	...	...
With children⁶	790	...	...	8.4	...	...
Without children	1,260	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,745	...	...	18.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,295	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	450	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,690	16,210	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	25,115	12,390	12,730	76.8	76.4	77.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,365	7,675	7,695	47.0	47.3	46.7
Parents in one-parent families	1,745	450	1,290	5.3	2.8	7.8
Children⁶	8,010	4,265	3,740	24.5	26.3	22.7
In a two-parent family	5,300	2,770	2,535	16.2	17.1	15.4
In a one-parent family	2,705	1,495	1,205	8.3	9.2	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,570	3,820	3,750	23.2	23.6	22.8
Living alone	4,725	2,375	2,350	14.5	14.7	14.3
Living with other relatives⁷	870	365	505	2.7	2.3	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,980	1,080	895	6.1	6.7	5.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,090	...	...	55.4	...	...
Couple-family households	6,810	...	...	46.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,545	...	...	17.4	...	...
Without children	4,265	...	...	29.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,280	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	360	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	560	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	760	...	...	5.2	...	...
One-person households	4,725	...	...	32.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,740	13,705	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,060	13,390	13,680	97.5	97.7	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,070	13,390	13,680	97.6	97.7	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,200	34,400	38,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,275	11,735	11,540	83.9	85.6	82.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	33,200	24,000	28,400	33,200	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,200	8,725	8,480	62.0	63.7	60.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,800	27,600	31,600	36,800	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,040	11,570	12,465	86.7	84.4	88.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	13,600	13,000	13,200	13,600	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,335	1,770	1,570	12.0	12.9	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,320	5,480	5,480	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,440	3,620	3,820	26.8	26.4	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,735	13,700	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,050	13,350	13,695	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	50,400	39,480	44,880	50,400	39,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,050	13,350	13,695	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	43,720	35,520	39,560	43,720	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,370	11,820	11,550	84.3	86.3	82.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,320	44,520	31,960	38,320	44,520	31,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,200	8,760	8,450	62.0	63.9	60.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,040	45,680	34,160	40,040	45,680	34,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,070	11,575	12,495	86.8	84.5	89.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,220	12,690	13,700	13,220	12,690	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,450	1,770	1,675	12.4	12.9	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,365	6,510	6,215	6,365	6,510	6,215
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,570	3,570	4,000	27.3	26.1	28.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,960	8,510	9,360	8,960	8,510	9,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,740	13,700	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,620	3,620	2,995	23.9	26.4	21.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,000	51,600	56,800	62,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,800	69,100	55,150	62,800	69,100	55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,100	3,840	4,265	29.2	28.0	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,600	17,800	20,800	23,600	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,520	33,320	24,180	28,520	33,320	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.8	78.2	68.4	73.8	78.2	68.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.7	59.4	53.4	56.7	59.4	53.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.2	21.8	31.7	26.2	21.8	31.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	5.6	8.8	7.0	5.6	8.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.6	4.5	6.9	5.6	4.5	6.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,745	13,705	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	675	315	365	2.4	2.3	2.6
With total income	27,065	13,385	13,675	97.5	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,225	945	1,280	8.2	7.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,570	1,435	2,140	13.2	10.7	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,780	2,110	2,665	17.7	15.8	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,160	2,020	2,140	15.4	15.1	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,395	1,630	1,765	12.5	12.2	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,545	1,290	1,250	9.4	9.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,850	1,000	845	6.8	7.5	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,305	785	515	4.8	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	985	630	355	3.6	4.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	650	415	235	2.4	3.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,605	1,125	485	5.9	8.4	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,235	845	385	4.6	6.3	2.8
$150,000 and over	380	280	100	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,745	13,705	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	670	315	355	2.4	2.3	2.5
With after-tax income	27,070	13,390	13,680	97.6	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,315	975	1,340	8.6	7.3	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,740	1,510	2,230	13.8	11.3	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,335	2,370	2,970	19.7	17.7	21.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,695	2,290	2,400	17.3	17.1	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,635	1,825	1,810	13.4	13.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,570	1,375	1,190	9.5	10.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,770	1,050	715	6.5	7.8	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,105	695	410	4.1	5.2	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	735	480	255	2.7	3.6	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	425	280	140	1.6	2.1	1.0
$100,000 and over	755	535	220	2.8	4.0	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	480	340	140	1.8	2.5	1.0
$125,000 and over	275	195	75	1.0	1.5	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,745	13,705	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,535	4,980	5,560	38.0	36.3	39.6
With employment income	17,205	8,725	8,480	62.0	63.7	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,560	1,205	1,350	14.9	13.8	15.9
$5,000 to $9,999	1,500	645	855	8.7	7.4	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,230	1,005	1,225	13.0	11.5	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,960	915	1,050	11.4	10.5	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,835	805	1,030	10.7	9.2	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,580	745	835	9.2	8.5	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440	745	695	8.4	8.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,035	610	425	6.0	7.0	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	845	545	295	4.9	6.2	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	630	400	225	3.7	4.6	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	460	285	175	2.7	3.3	2.1
$100,000 and over	1,130	815	310	6.6	9.3	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	650	450	200	3.8	5.2	2.4
$125,000 and over	475	370	110	2.8	4.2	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,740	13,705	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,400	13,025	13,370	95.2	95.0	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	29,400	34,000	40,000	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,460	13,035	13,420	95.4	95.1	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	27,200	31,200	36,400	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,110	11,630	11,480	83.3	84.9	81.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,600	25,200	30,000	35,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,775	9,620	9,155	67.7	70.2	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	34,800	25,800	29,800	34,800	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,420	9,440	10,975	73.6	68.9	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	11,400	9,600	10,200	11,400	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,755	1,520	1,235	9.9	11.1	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,240	5,640	5,400	5,240	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,735	13,700	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,405	13,015	13,385	95.2	95.0	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	49,400	36,280	42,760	49,400	36,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,450	13,020	13,425	95.4	95.0	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,080	42,200	32,120	37,080	42,200	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,140	11,655	11,485	83.4	85.1	81.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,560	46,520	32,480	39,560	46,520	32,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,765	9,610	9,155	67.7	70.1	65.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	43,320	31,920	37,760	43,320	31,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,325	9,445	10,880	73.3	68.9	77.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,670	10,350	10,500	10,670	10,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,750	1,515	1,235	9.9	11.1	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,580	6,900	6,720	6,580	6,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,740	13,700	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,570	3,590	2,980	23.7	26.2	21.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,800	47,600	53,600	58,800	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,650	66,400	51,500	59,650	66,400	51,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,685	3,575	4,105	27.7	26.1	29.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	31,000	22,200	25,400	31,000	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,880	39,200	27,400	32,880	39,200	27,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.0	84.4	76.8	81.0	84.4	76.8
Employment income (%)	62.8	64.8	60.2	62.8	64.8	60.2
Government transfers (%)	18.9	15.7	23.2	18.9	15.7	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	73,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,280	...	...	45,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,680	...	...	39,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	785	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	610	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	560	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	735	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	740	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	660	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,380	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,155	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,050	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	975	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	835	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,320	...	...	29.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,585	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,070	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,090	...	...	7.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	575	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	3.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	810	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	675	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	680	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	815	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	790	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	775	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,500	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,290	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,020	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	845	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,380	...	...	23.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,515	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	900	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	970	...	...	6.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,700	3,455	3,245	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	33,200	31,600	32,400	33,200	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,695	3,380	3,315	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,720	45,120	40,240	42,720	45,120	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,640	39,120	36,120	37,640	39,120	36,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,685	16,210	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,930	3,005	2,930	18.1	18.5	17.8
0 to 5 years	1,800	925	880	5.5	5.7	5.3
18 to 64 years	19,040	9,385	9,655	58.3	57.9	58.6
65 years and over	7,710	3,815	3,900	23.6	23.5	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,450	2,140	2,310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,050	555	495	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	175	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,265	1,115	1,150	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,130	465	665	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	13.2	14.0	13.6	13.2	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	18.6	16.9	17.8	18.6	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	18.6	15.8	17.2	18.6	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
65 years and over (%)	14.7	12.2	17.1	14.7	12.2	17.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,435	15,080	15,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,245	2,640	2,610	17.2	17.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	1,590	810	780	5.2	5.4	5.1
18 to 64 years	17,730	8,745	8,985	58.3	58.0	58.5
65 years and over	7,460	3,700	3,760	24.5	24.5	24.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	965	505	460	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	195	95	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	25	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	660	360	305	...	...	...
65 years and over	105	50	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	4.1	3.4	3.7	4.1	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,685	16,210	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	19,665	9,625	10,040	60.2	59.4	60.9
In bottom decile	4,125	2,045	2,085	12.6	12.6	12.7
In second decile	4,205	2,005	2,200	12.9	12.4	13.3
In third decile	4,170	2,005	2,170	12.8	12.4	13.2
In fourth decile	3,715	1,855	1,865	11.4	11.4	11.3
In fifth decile	3,445	1,720	1,720	10.5	10.6	10.4
In top half of the distribution	13,025	6,585	6,440	39.9	40.6	39.1
In sixth decile	3,270	1,620	1,640	10.0	10.0	10.0
In seventh decile	2,950	1,460	1,485	9.0	9.0	9.0
In eighth decile	2,770	1,400	1,365	8.5	8.6	8.3
In ninth decile	2,470	1,255	1,210	7.6	7.7	7.3
In top decile	1,570	840	730	4.8	5.2	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,690	...	...	32,690	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,300	16,555	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	31,120	15,575	15,540	93.5	94.1	92.8
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	2,100	945	1,150	6.3	5.7	6.9
Neither English nor French	70	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,300	16,555	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,725	16,275	16,450	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	495	245	250	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	50	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,300	16,555	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,830	16,325	16,505	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	30,590	15,305	15,285	91.9	92.4	91.3
English	30,020	15,030	14,985	90.2	90.8	89.5
French	570	275	295	1.7	1.7	1.8
Non-official languages	2,235	1,015	1,220	6.7	6.1	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	215	90	120	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	185	85	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	185	80	100	0.6	0.5	0.6
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,025	925	1,100	6.1	5.6	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	60	95	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	45	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,475	675	795	4.4	4.1	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	85	140	0.7	0.5	0.8
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	85	140	0.7	0.5	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	675	325	355	2.0	2.0	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	360	170	190	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	350	160	185	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	110	130	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	200	95	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	45	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	145	135	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	265	135	120	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	120	105	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	120	160	0.8	0.7	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	470	225	245	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	135	75	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	300	140	160	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,300	16,555	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,140	15,560	15,575	93.5	94.0	93.0
French	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	355	165	190	1.1	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	340	165	180	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	330	150	185	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	610	720	4.0	3.7	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,300	16,555	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	33,095	16,460	16,635	99.4	99.4	99.3
Official languages	32,415	16,140	16,280	97.3	97.5	97.2
English	32,305	16,085	16,220	97.0	97.2	96.9
French	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	675	320	355	2.0	1.9	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	650	310	335	2.0	1.9	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	395	185	205	1.2	1.1	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	80	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	160	75	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	75	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	90	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	155	70	80	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,300	16,555	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	31,745	15,840	15,905	95.3	95.7	95.0
English	320	155	160	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	255	110	145	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	855	380	475	2.6	2.3	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	215	95	120	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-Indigenous	640	285	355	1.9	1.7	2.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,685	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	32,620	16,185	16,435	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	32,610	16,185	16,425	99.8	99.9	99.7
French	2,085	950	1,130	6.4	5.9	6.9
Non-official languages	3,690	1,715	1,975	11.3	10.6	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	575	250	325	1.8	1.5	2.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	525	235	290	1.6	1.5	1.8
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	520	230	290	1.6	1.4	1.8
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,130	1,470	1,660	9.6	9.1	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	75	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,405	1,130	1,280	7.4	7.0	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	235	100	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	235	100	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	925	425	495	2.8	2.6	3.0
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	485	205	280	1.5	1.3	1.7
German	475	195	280	1.5	1.2	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	375	185	190	1.1	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	120	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dutch	255	120	140	0.8	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	390	200	190	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	350	180	165	1.1	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	140	85	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	135	125	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	870	410	465	2.7	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	85	130	0.6	0.5	0.8
Portuguese	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	625	325	295	1.9	2.0	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	85	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	60	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	105	60	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,680	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,420	3,065	3,355	19.6	18.9	20.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,315	3,015	3,300	19.3	18.6	20.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,980	2,380	2,600	15.2	14.7	15.8
Métis	1,325	630	695	4.1	3.9	4.2
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	26,260	13,140	13,120	80.4	81.1	79.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,680	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,415	2,120	2,300	13.5	13.1	14.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	28,265	14,085	14,175	86.5	86.9	86.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,390	...	...	71.1	...	...
Renter	3,985	...	...	27.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	235	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	860	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not condominium	13,745	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	1,735	...	...	11.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,650	...	...	25.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,110	...	...	35.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,975	...	...	27.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,890	...	...	26.6	...	...
5 rooms	2,475	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	2,190	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	1,685	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,370	...	...	29.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,365	...	...	98.3	...	...
More than one person per room	245	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,965	...	...	95.6	...	...
Not suitable	640	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,155	...	...	28.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,035	...	...	34.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,325	...	...	9.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,490	...	...	10.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	510	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	745	...	...	5.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	530	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	810	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,250	...	...	90.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,360	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,625	...	...	52.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,225	...	...	42.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	755	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	355	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,770	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,115	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,240	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,020	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,985	...	...	20.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,625	...	...	11.1	...	...
85 years and over	515	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,105	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,720	...	...	19.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,445	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,280	...	...	29.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,375	...	...	16.3	...	...
Not suitable only	490	...	...	3.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	995	...	...	6.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,325	...	...	70.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,645	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not in core need	11,905	...	...	87.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,940	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...	54.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,142	...	...	1,142	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	460,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	556,000	...	...	556,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	35.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.3	...	...	27.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,078	...	...	1,078	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	235	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	556	...	...	556	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	528	...	...	528	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,680	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,860	1,870	1,995	11.8	11.5	12.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,845	1,865	1,980	11.8	11.5	12.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,590	1,740	1,845	11.0	10.7	11.2
Métis single ancestry	230	110	125	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,525	1,160	1,370	7.7	7.2	8.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,485	1,130	1,355	7.6	7.0	8.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,745	785	960	5.3	4.8	5.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	725	340	390	2.2	2.1	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	26,295	13,180	13,115	80.5	81.3	79.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,680	16,210	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,780	15,740	16,040	97.2	97.1	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,810	2,945	2,860	17.8	18.2	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,970	12,795	13,180	79.5	78.9	80.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	900	465	435	2.8	2.9	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,680	16,210	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	29,475	14,585	14,890	90.2	90.0	90.4
Immigrants⁸¹	2,965	1,495	1,470	9.1	9.2	8.9
Before 1980	1,675	875	805	5.1	5.4	4.9
1980 to 1990	275	135	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
1991 to 2000	215	85	130	0.7	0.5	0.8
2001 to 2010	290	145	145	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	505	255	250	1.5	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2015	195	95	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	310	160	150	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	240	125	120	0.7	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,965	1,495	1,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	440	240	200	14.8	16.1	13.6
5 to 14 years	595	340	260	20.1	22.7	17.7
15 to 24 years	700	300	400	23.6	20.1	27.2
25 to 44 years	1,040	535	505	35.1	35.8	34.4
45 years and over	185	80	110	6.2	5.4	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,965	1,495	1,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	500	250	245	16.9	16.7	16.7
Brazil	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	0	25	1.2	0.0	1.7
Mexico	65	25	45	2.2	1.7	3.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.7
United States of America	290	155	130	9.8	10.4	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	1.5	1.7	1.4
Europe	1,685	855	830	56.8	57.2	56.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Croatia	40	15	25	1.3	1.0	1.7
France	55	25	30	1.9	1.7	2.0
Germany	215	110	110	7.3	7.4	7.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	10	10	0.8	0.7	0.7
Italy	120	70	55	4.0	4.7	3.7
Netherlands	225	115	110	7.6	7.7	7.5
Poland	20	10	0	0.7	0.7	0.0
Portugal	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.4
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	685	365	315	23.1	24.4	21.4
Other places of birth in Europe	230	120	115	7.8	8.0	7.8
Africa	160	85	70	5.4	5.7	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	50	3.4	3.7	3.4
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	1.0	1.3	0.7
Asia	545	240	300	18.4	16.1	20.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15	1.0	0.7	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	1.7	1.7	2.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Philippines	45	10	30	1.5	0.7	2.0
Viet Nam	80	40	40	2.7	2.7	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	215	115	105	7.3	7.7	7.1
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	15	50	2.4	1.0	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	80	55	20	2.7	3.7	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	310	160	150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	25	20	16.1	15.6	13.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	15	20	11.3	9.4	13.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	30	50	25.8	18.8	33.3
France	15	0	15	4.8	0.0	10.0
Germany	15	0	10	4.8	0.0	6.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	15	12.9	12.5	10.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	4.8	0.0	6.7
Africa	30	20	10	9.7	12.5	6.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	3.2	6.3	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	3.2	0.0	0.0
Asia	125	65	55	40.3	40.6	36.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	35	15	14.5	21.9	10.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	9.7	9.4	10.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	4.8	0.0	10.0
Oceania and other⁹³	30	20	10	9.7	12.5	6.7
Australia	15	10	0	4.8	6.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	3.2	6.3	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,680	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,405	1,715	1,690	10.4	10.6	10.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,380	2,545	2,830	16.5	15.7	17.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,900	11,945	11,960	73.1	73.7	72.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,290	625	670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	655	340	315	50.8	54.4	47.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	300	205	95	23.3	32.8	14.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	355	140	225	27.5	22.4	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	555	245	315	43.0	39.2	47.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	50	25	25	3.9	4.0	3.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	10	2.3	2.4	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,290	625	670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	15	25	3.5	2.4	3.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	370	175	190	28.7	28.0	28.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	60	25	35	4.7	4.0	5.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	100	65	45	7.8	10.4	6.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	705	330	370	54.7	52.8	55.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,680	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,585	735	855	4.9	4.5	5.2
South Asian	530	275	255	1.6	1.7	1.5
Chinese	205	95	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Black	165	80	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	85	15	70	0.3	0.1	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	31,095	15,470	15,625	95.1	95.5	94.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,685	16,205	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,100	2,025	2,075	12.5	12.5	12.6
English	9,180	4,595	4,595	28.1	28.4	27.9
Irish	5,610	2,615	2,995	17.2	16.1	18.2
Scottish	6,900	3,385	3,525	21.1	20.9	21.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,440	1,635	1,805	10.5	10.1	11.0
German	4,285	2,020	2,265	13.1	12.5	13.7
Chinese	275	110	165	0.8	0.7	1.0
Italian	1,060	495	565	3.2	3.1	3.4
Indian (India)	320	155	165	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ukrainian	1,500	730	765	4.6	4.5	4.6
Dutch	2,115	1,025	1,095	6.5	6.3	6.6
Polish	755	305	460	2.3	1.9	2.8
Québécois	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,140	605	530	3.5	3.7	3.2
Filipino	135	55	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	420	170	250	1.3	1.0	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	610	280	330	1.9	1.7	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,990	1,420	1,565	9.1	8.8	9.5
Métis	1,015	475	540	3.1	2.9	3.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	855	395	460	2.6	2.4	2.8
Russian	730	365	365	2.2	2.3	2.2
Norwegian	1,360	680	680	4.2	4.2	4.1
Welsh	975	490	485	3.0	3.0	2.9
Portuguese	135	50	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	640	315	325	2.0	1.9	2.0
Spanish	255	105	150	0.8	0.6	0.9
Swedish	710	350	360	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hungarian	445	240	210	1.4	1.5	1.3
Acadian	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	150	80	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	290	115	180	0.9	0.7	1.1
Korean	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	175	100	75	0.5	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	515	255	255	1.6	1.6	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	585	290	295	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sikh	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	410	185	225	1.3	1.1	1.4
Belgian	260	120	135	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	140	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swiss	140	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Finnish	360	160	200	1.1	1.0	1.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	190	75	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
Japanese	85	15	70	0.3	0.1	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	40	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	85	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	195	115	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
Colombian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	105	60	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australian	215	115	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	210	85	125	0.6	0.5	0.8
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,680	16,205	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	165	60	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	9,255	4,155	5,100	28.3	25.6	31.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,600	825	775	4.9	5.1	4.7
Anabaptist	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anglican	1,065	465	600	3.3	2.9	3.6
Baptist	370	185	185	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catholic	3,040	1,350	1,690	9.3	8.3	10.3
Christian Orthodox	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	350	145	205	1.1	0.9	1.2
Latter Day Saints	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	380	130	250	1.2	0.8	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	135	175	0.9	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	235	110	125	0.7	0.7	0.8
Reformed	90	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
United Church	1,030	445	590	3.2	2.7	3.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	525	225	300	1.6	1.4	1.8
Hindu	140	80	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	85	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	100	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	225	115	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	590	285	305	1.8	1.8	1.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	430	165	260	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	21,700	11,270	10,425	66.4	69.5	63.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,400	16,040	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,770	13,840	13,930	85.7	86.3	85.1
Movers	4,635	2,210	2,430	14.3	13.8	14.9
Non-migrants	2,430	1,120	1,315	7.5	7.0	8.0
Migrants	2,200	1,095	1,110	6.8	6.8	6.8
Internal migrants	2,105	1,030	1,070	6.5	6.4	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,685	790	890	5.2	4.9	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	415	235	185	1.3	1.5	1.1
External migrants	100	60	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,300	15,430	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,535	8,765	8,775	56.0	56.8	55.3
Movers	13,760	6,665	7,095	44.0	43.2	44.7
Non-migrants	4,805	2,295	2,510	15.4	14.9	15.8
Migrants	8,950	4,365	4,585	28.6	28.3	28.9
Internal migrants	8,470	4,135	4,335	27.1	26.8	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	7,115	3,440	3,680	22.7	22.3	23.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,355	695	660	4.3	4.5	4.2
External migrants	485	235	245	1.5	1.5	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,740	13,700	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,010	3,840	3,170	25.3	28.0	22.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,730	9,860	10,875	74.7	72.0	77.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,935	8,315	8,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,295	1,930	1,365	19.5	23.2	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,640	6,380	7,255	80.5	76.7	84.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,735	13,700	14,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,850	3,100	2,755	21.1	22.6	19.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,875	4,320	4,560	32.0	31.5	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,005	6,280	6,730	46.9	45.8	47.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,350	4,850	4,505	33.7	35.4	32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,270	2,500	765	11.8	18.2	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,315	775	540	4.7	5.7	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,955	1,720	230	7.0	12.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,180	2,035	3,145	18.7	14.9	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	900	305	595	3.2	2.2	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,660	1,435	2,225	13.2	10.5	15.8
Bachelor's degree	2,510	990	1,520	9.0	7.2	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	255	80	175	0.9	0.6	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	65	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Master's degree	715	260	460	2.6	1.9	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,935	8,310	8,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,630	1,525	1,105	15.5	18.4	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,150	2,600	2,545	30.4	31.3	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,155	4,185	4,970	54.1	50.4	57.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,430	3,195	3,230	38.0	38.4	37.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,110	1,590	520	12.5	19.1	6.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	860	495	370	5.1	6.0	4.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,245	1,095	155	7.4	13.2	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,680	1,375	2,305	21.7	16.5	26.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	635	230	405	3.7	2.8	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,725	985	1,740	16.1	11.9	20.2
Bachelor's degree	1,915	715	1,200	11.3	8.6	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	175	35	135	1.0	0.4	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	535	180	355	3.2	2.2	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,740	13,700	14,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,735	7,420	7,315	53.1	54.2	52.1
Education	870	215	660	3.1	1.6	4.7
13. Education	870	215	660	3.1	1.6	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	375	180	195	1.4	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	50	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	320	130	190	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	490	160	335	1.8	1.2	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	60	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	130	25	100	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	55	110	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	55	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,205	345	855	4.3	2.5	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	360	30	335	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	90	10	80	0.3	0.1	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	260	70	190	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	360	180	175	1.3	1.3	1.2
Business, management and public administration	1,970	605	1,360	7.1	4.4	9.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	290	65	225	1.0	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,670	545	1,125	6.0	4.0	8.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	355	170	180	1.3	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	100	110	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	70	50	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	120	80	0.7	0.9	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	155	105	55	0.6	0.8	0.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,210	3,020	190	11.6	22.0	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	225	180	50	0.8	1.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	505	465	45	1.8	3.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,005	965	40	3.6	7.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945	925	20	3.4	6.8	0.1
48. Precision production	470	450	20	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	375	225	2.2	2.7	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	135	130	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	245	95	1.2	1.8	0.7
Health and related fields	2,530	465	2,060	9.1	3.4	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	65	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,385	390	2,000	8.6	2.8	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,200	620	580	4.3	4.5	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	260	525	2.8	1.9	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	95	70	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	285	25	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,935	8,315	8,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,780	4,125	3,655	45.9	49.6	42.4
Education	530	125	410	3.1	1.5	4.8
13. Education	530	125	410	3.1	1.5	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285	120	160	1.7	1.4	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	270	100	160	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	350	115	235	2.1	1.4	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	95	25	80	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	930	250	680	5.5	3.0	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	30	275	1.8	0.4	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	75	0	75	0.4	0.0	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	180	45	140	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	270	135	135	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	1,465	430	1,035	8.7	5.2	12.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	60	180	1.4	0.7	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,220	375	850	7.2	4.5	9.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	110	160	1.6	1.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	75	105	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140	85	50	0.8	1.0	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	85	35	0.7	1.0	0.4
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,040	1,880	160	12.0	22.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	40	30	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	160	115	40	0.9	1.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	270	30	1.8	3.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	690	650	40	4.1	7.8	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	555	535	20	3.3	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	290	280	15	1.7	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	260	190	2.7	3.1	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	80	105	1.2	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	180	85	1.6	2.2	1.0
Health and related fields	1,840	355	1,485	10.9	4.3	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	50	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,735	290	1,445	10.2	3.5	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	840	445	395	5.0	5.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	580	220	365	3.4	2.6	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	65	45	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	180	10	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,935	8,315	8,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,780	4,125	3,655	45.9	49.6	42.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,150	4,185	4,970	54.0	50.3	57.6
Location of study inside Canada	8,455	3,835	4,615	49.9	46.1	53.5
Same as province or territory of residence	6,735	3,025	3,710	39.8	36.4	43.0
Different than province or territory of residence	1,715	815	905	10.1	9.8	10.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	700	350	355	4.1	4.2	4.1
Americas	205	90	115	1.2	1.1	1.3
United States of America	155	65	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mexico	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	225	125	100	1.3	1.5	1.2
Belgium	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Germany	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Switzerland	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	55	15	0.4	0.7	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	165	70	100	1.0	0.8	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	60	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,735	13,700	14,040	...	...	...
In the labour force	15,690	8,000	7,690	...	...	...
Employed	14,180	7,135	7,045	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,510	865	645	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,050	5,700	6,350	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.6	58.4	54.8	56.6	58.4	54.8
Employment rate	51.1	52.1	50.2	51.1	52.1	50.2
Unemployment rate	9.6	10.8	8.4	9.6	10.8	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,740	13,700	14,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,105	5,750	6,360	43.6	42.0	45.3
Worked	15,635	7,950	7,685	56.4	58.0	54.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,890	3,785	3,105	24.8	27.6	22.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,745	4,165	4,575	31.5	30.4	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.0	39.4	39.7	40.0	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,690	8,000	7,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	185	185	2.4	2.3	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,315	7,815	7,505	97.6	97.7	97.6
Employee	12,470	6,160	6,305	79.5	77.0	82.0
Permanent position	10,315	5,105	5,205	65.7	63.8	67.7
Temporary position	2,155	1,055	1,100	13.7	13.2	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	570	250	325	3.6	3.1	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,580	800	775	10.1	10.0	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,850	1,650	1,195	18.2	20.6	15.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,690	8,000	7,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	185	185	2.4	2.3	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,315	7,815	7,505	97.6	97.7	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	160	100	65	1.0	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,705	395	1,310	10.9	4.9	17.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	660	515	145	4.2	6.4	1.9
3 Health occupations	1,420	240	1,180	9.1	3.0	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,770	440	1,330	11.3	5.5	17.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	465	220	245	3.0	2.8	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	4,390	1,755	2,635	28.0	21.9	34.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,265	2,985	285	20.8	37.3	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	710	540	170	4.5	6.8	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	765	625	135	4.9	7.8	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,690	8,000	7,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	370	185	185	2.4	2.3	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	15,315	7,815	7,505	97.6	97.7	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	975	740	235	6.2	9.3	3.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	65	15	0.5	0.8	0.2
22 Utilities	65	55	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	1,530	1,365	165	9.8	17.1	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	1,040	830	210	6.6	10.4	2.7
41 Wholesale trade	145	115	30	0.9	1.4	0.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,935	870	1,060	12.3	10.9	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	530	395	135	3.4	4.9	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	155	70	85	1.0	0.9	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	260	55	210	1.7	0.7	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	175	60	110	1.1	0.8	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	620	310	315	4.0	3.9	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	645	365	280	4.1	4.6	3.6
61 Educational services	865	250	615	5.5	3.1	8.0
62 Health care and social assistance	2,480	460	2,020	15.8	5.8	26.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	395	190	210	2.5	2.4	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	1,695	750	945	10.8	9.4	12.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	625	275	355	4.0	3.4	4.6
91 Public administration	1,085	580	505	6.9	7.3	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,890	8,590	8,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,535	8,425	8,110	97.9	98.1	97.7
French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	170	100	70	1.0	1.2	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	135	45	90	0.8	0.5	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,890	8,590	8,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	16,865	8,575	8,290	99.9	99.8	99.9
Official languages	16,815	8,550	8,260	99.6	99.5	99.5
English	16,770	8,530	8,240	99.3	99.3	99.3
French	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,890	8,590	8,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,595	8,460	8,140	98.3	98.5	98.1
English	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
French	135	75	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
Non-official language	100	30	75	0.6	0.3	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	80	20	60	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,180	7,135	7,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,720	710	1,005	12.1	10.0	14.3
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,610	1,910	705	18.4	26.8	10.0
Usual place of work	9,835	4,500	5,330	69.4	63.1	75.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,830	4,505	5,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,960	2,455	3,500	60.6	54.5	65.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,785	1,355	1,435	28.3	30.1	26.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,025	635	385	10.4	14.1	7.2
Commute to a different province or territory	60	50	10	0.6	1.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,440	6,410	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,560	5,500	5,055	84.9	85.8	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,765	5,120	4,650	78.5	79.9	77.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	795	385	405	6.4	6.0	6.7
Public transit	180	90	95	1.4	1.4	1.6
Walked	1,085	475	615	8.7	7.4	10.2
Bicycle	265	155	110	2.1	2.4	1.8
Other method	350	195	155	2.8	3.0	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,440	6,410	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,050	3,685	4,370	64.7	57.5	72.5
15 to 29 minutes	2,360	1,290	1,075	19.0	20.1	17.8
30 to 44 minutes	800	500	300	6.4	7.8	5.0
45 to 59 minutes	380	230	150	3.1	3.6	2.5
60 minutes and over	850	700	145	6.8	10.9	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,440	6,410	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	890	670	220	7.2	10.5	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,720	1,115	600	13.8	17.4	10.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,960	1,660	1,305	23.8	25.9	21.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,190	1,220	1,970	25.6	19.0	32.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,825	675	1,145	14.7	10.5	19.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,855	1,070	785	14.9	16.7	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,035	3,050	2,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	370	175	200	6.1	5.7	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,660	2,870	2,790	93.8	94.1	93.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,465	2,230	2,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	275	130	150	6.2	5.8	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	65	80	3.2	2.9	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	65	70	3.0	2.9	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,190	2,105	2,085	93.8	94.4	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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