Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Commuting
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Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Income
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Income of households in 2020
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Income of individuals in 2020
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Indigenous peoples
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Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Work activity during the reference year
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Nanaimo, Regional district (RD)More information:
British Columbia
[Census division]
 Remove		 Nanaimo, City (CY)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 170,367 ... ... ... ... ... 99,863 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 155,698 ... ... ... ... ... 90,504 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 9.4 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 80,056 ... ... ... ... ... 45,138 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 75,273 ... ... ... ... ... 43,164 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 83.7 ... ... 83.7 ... ... 1,104.1 ... ... 1,104.1 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 2,035.93 ... ... ... ... ... 90.45 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 170,365 82,385 87,980 100.0 100.0 100.0 99,865 48,220 51,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 21,520 10,980 10,535 12.6 13.3 12.0 14,135 7,275 6,865 14.2 15.1 13.3
0 to 4 years 6,030 3,060 2,970 3.5 3.7 3.4 4,055 2,110 1,940 4.1 4.4 3.8
5 to 9 years 7,510 3,830 3,685 4.4 4.6 4.2 4,870 2,465 2,405 4.9 5.1 4.7
10 to 14 years 7,980 4,100 3,885 4.7 5.0 4.4 5,215 2,695 2,515 5.2 5.6 4.9
15 to 64 years 97,835 47,580 50,255 57.4 57.8 57.1 61,200 29,930 31,270 61.3 62.1 60.6
15 to 19 years 7,270 3,795 3,470 4.3 4.6 3.9 4,625 2,390 2,235 4.6 5.0 4.3
20 to 24 years 7,775 4,075 3,700 4.6 4.9 4.2 5,660 2,925 2,735 5.7 6.1 5.3
25 to 29 years 8,440 4,350 4,090 5.0 5.3 4.6 6,250 3,195 3,055 6.3 6.6 5.9
30 to 34 years 9,110 4,455 4,660 5.3 5.4 5.3 6,520 3,175 3,350 6.5 6.6 6.5
35 to 39 years 9,900 4,835 5,060 5.8 5.9 5.8 6,725 3,330 3,390 6.7 6.9 6.6
40 to 44 years 9,185 4,475 4,710 5.4 5.4 5.4 5,910 2,860 3,050 5.9 5.9 5.9
45 to 49 years 9,085 4,415 4,670 5.3 5.4 5.3 5,610 2,725 2,890 5.6 5.7 5.6
50 to 54 years 10,020 4,700 5,320 5.9 5.7 6.0 5,970 2,820 3,155 6.0 5.8 6.1
55 to 59 years 12,510 5,815 6,700 7.3 7.1 7.6 6,725 3,170 3,550 6.7 6.6 6.9
60 to 64 years 14,545 6,665 7,875 8.5 8.1 9.0 7,215 3,355 3,865 7.2 7.0 7.5
65 years and over 51,015 23,820 27,190 29.9 28.9 30.9 24,520 11,015 13,510 24.6 22.8 26.2
65 to 69 years 15,280 7,120 8,160 9.0 8.6 9.3 7,300 3,330 3,970 7.3 6.9 7.7
70 to 74 years 14,090 6,600 7,490 8.3 8.0 8.5 6,485 2,940 3,550 6.5 6.1 6.9
75 to 79 years 9,730 4,720 5,005 5.7 5.7 5.7 4,525 2,120 2,405 4.5 4.4 4.7
80 to 84 years 6,115 2,965 3,150 3.6 3.6 3.6 3,010 1,400 1,605 3.0 2.9 3.1
85 years and over 5,800 2,410 3,385 3.4 2.9 3.8 3,195 1,220 1,980 3.2 2.5 3.8
85 to 89 years 3,605 1,585 2,020 2.1 1.9 2.3 1,880 750 1,130 1.9 1.6 2.2
90 to 94 years 1,685 680 1,010 1.0 0.8 1.1 1,000 380 615 1.0 0.8 1.2
95 to 99 years 440 125 310 0.3 0.2 0.4 275 75 200 0.3 0.2 0.4
100 years and over 60 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 12.6 13.3 12.0 12.6 13.3 12.0 14.2 15.1 13.3 14.2 15.1 13.3
15 to 64 years 57.4 57.8 57.1 57.4 57.8 57.1 61.3 62.1 60.6 61.3 62.1 60.6
65 years and over 29.9 28.9 30.9 29.9 28.9 30.9 24.6 22.8 26.2 24.6 22.8 26.2
85 years and over 3.4 2.9 3.8 3.4 2.9 3.8 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 3.8
Average age of the population 48.0 47.0 48.9 48.0 47.0 48.9 44.8 43.5 46.0 44.8 43.5 46.0
Median age of the population 51.6 50.0 52.8 51.6 50.0 52.8 45.2 43.2 46.8 45.2 43.2 46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,160 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 47,635 ... ... 63.3 ... ... 22,215 ... ... 51.5 ... ...
Semi-detached house 3,250 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 2,145 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Row house 3,230 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 1,970 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 6,660 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 6,040 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 9,825 ... ... 13.1 ... ... 8,235 ... ... 19.1 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 1,500 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 1,385 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Other single-attached house 150 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 85 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 3,025 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 1,085 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 22,415 ... ... 29.8 ... ... 13,510 ... ... 31.3 ... ...
2 persons 32,110 ... ... 42.7 ... ... 16,535 ... ... 38.3 ... ...
3 persons 9,500 ... ... 12.6 ... ... 5,940 ... ... 13.8 ... ...
4 persons 7,240 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 4,565 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
5 or more persons 4,000 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 2,615 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 166,170 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 148,850 71,400 77,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 85,725 40,945 44,780 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 88,465 44,160 44,305 59.4 61.8 57.2 47,150 23,520 23,625 55.0 57.4 52.8
Married 70,565 35,255 35,315 47.4 49.4 45.6 36,770 18,360 18,405 42.9 44.8 41.1
Living common-law 17,900 8,905 8,990 12.0 12.5 11.6 10,380 5,160 5,220 12.1 12.6 11.7
Living common law - Never married 11,600 5,830 5,770 7.8 8.2 7.5 7,300 3,655 3,645 8.5 8.9 8.1
Living common law - Separated 700 360 335 0.5 0.5 0.4 400 195 205 0.5 0.5 0.5
Living common law - Divorced 4,985 2,475 2,510 3.3 3.5 3.2 2,425 1,215 1,205 2.8 3.0 2.7
Living common law - Widowed 615 235 380 0.4 0.3 0.5 255 90 165 0.3 0.2 0.4
Not married and not living common-law 60,380 27,245 33,140 40.6 38.2 42.8 38,575 17,425 21,150 45.0 42.6 47.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married 34,000 18,590 15,415 22.8 26.0 19.9 23,030 12,485 10,545 26.9 30.5 23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated 4,125 1,790 2,330 2.8 2.5 3.0 2,630 1,090 1,545 3.1 2.7 3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 12,370 4,630 7,740 8.3 6.5 10.0 7,420 2,655 4,760 8.7 6.5 10.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 9,885 2,235 7,655 6.6 3.1 9.9 5,495 1,195 4,300 6.4 2.9 9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 50,530 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 27,840 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 33,125 ... ... 65.6 ... ... 16,930 ... ... 60.8 ... ...
3 persons 8,525 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 5,310 ... ... 19.1 ... ...
4 persons 6,555 ... ... 13.0 ... ... 4,090 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
5 or more persons 2,335 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 1,510 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 50,535 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 27,840 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 43,130 ... ... 85.3 ... ... 22,900 ... ... 82.3 ... ...
Married couples 34,190 ... ... 67.7 ... ... 17,715 ... ... 63.6 ... ...
With children6 12,110 ... ... 24.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 26.7 ... ...
Without children 22,075 ... ... 43.7 ... ... 10,295 ... ... 37.0 ... ...
Common-law couples 8,940 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 5,185 ... ... 18.6 ... ...
With children6 2,770 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 1,705 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Without children 6,175 ... ... 12.2 ... ... 3,475 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
Total one-parent families 7,405 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 4,940 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 5,640 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 3,830 ... ... 13.8 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 1,765 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 1,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 166,165 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 50,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 130,420 64,410 66,010 78.5 80.0 77.1 74,180 36,430 37,750 76.5 77.5 75.5
Married spouses or common-law partners 86,260 43,025 43,235 51.9 53.4 50.5 45,800 22,840 22,960 47.2 48.6 45.9
Parents in one-parent families 7,400 1,760 5,640 4.5 2.2 6.6 4,940 1,105 3,830 5.1 2.3 7.7
Children6 36,755 19,620 17,135 22.1 24.4 20.0 23,435 12,480 10,955 24.2 26.5 21.9
In a two-parent family 26,020 13,830 12,195 15.7 17.2 14.2 16,150 8,535 7,620 16.6 18.1 15.2
In a one-parent family 10,735 5,790 4,940 6.5 7.2 5.8 7,290 3,950 3,335 7.5 8.4 6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 35,745 16,145 19,605 21.5 20.0 22.9 22,840 10,590 12,245 23.5 22.5 24.5
Living alone 22,420 9,315 13,105 13.5 11.6 15.3 13,510 5,700 7,815 13.9 12.1 15.6
Living with other relatives7 3,730 1,570 2,160 2.2 1.9 2.5 2,405 1,045 1,365 2.5 2.2 2.7
Living with non-relatives only 9,600 5,265 4,340 5.8 6.5 5.1 6,925 3,855 3,065 7.1 8.2 6.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 75,270 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 44,100 ... ... 58.6 ... ... 23,825 ... ... 55.2 ... ...
Couple-family households 38,570 ... ... 51.2 ... ... 20,105 ... ... 46.6 ... ...
With children6 12,975 ... ... 17.2 ... ... 7,910 ... ... 18.3 ... ...
Without children 25,600 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 12,200 ... ... 28.3 ... ...
One-parent-family households 5,530 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 3,715 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 1,610 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 980 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 550 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 325 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 2,925 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 1,935 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 3,665 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 2,580 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
One-person households 22,420 ... ... 29.8 ... ... 13,510 ... ... 31.3 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 144,705 69,600 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 141,565 68,025 73,545 97.8 97.7 97.9 80,885 38,725 42,160 97.6 97.4 97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,200 44,800 35,600 39,200 44,800 35,600 40,000 44,400 36,400 40,000 44,400 36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 141,645 68,070 73,575 97.9 97.8 98.0 80,945 38,760 42,185 97.6 97.5 97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,000 40,400 32,800 36,000 40,400 32,800 36,800 40,400 33,600 36,800 40,400 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 127,130 61,725 65,405 87.9 88.7 87.1 72,335 35,020 37,315 87.3 88.1 86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,000 38,000 25,400 31,000 38,000 25,400 32,400 38,800 27,000 32,400 38,800 27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 88,745 44,590 44,155 61.3 64.1 58.8 54,665 27,345 27,320 65.9 68.8 63.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,400 38,400 27,800 32,400 38,400 27,800 34,400 40,000 30,000 34,400 40,000 30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 122,255 56,420 65,835 84.5 81.1 87.7 69,620 31,820 37,805 84.0 80.0 87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 13,200 13,300 13,200 13,200 13,300 13,200 12,000 11,300 12,500 12,000 11,300 12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 12,065 5,800 6,260 8.3 8.3 8.3 7,805 3,695 4,100 9.4 9.3 9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480 5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 34,400 16,045 18,350 23.8 23.1 24.4 21,745 10,165 11,580 26.2 25.6 26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 141,470 67,995 73,480 97.8 97.7 97.8 80,855 38,730 42,125 97.5 97.4 97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 49,240 56,450 42,560 49,240 56,450 42,560 48,880 55,000 43,240 48,880 55,000 43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 141,550 68,030 73,520 97.8 97.7 97.9 80,920 38,755 42,165 97.6 97.5 97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,520 47,840 37,600 42,520 47,840 37,600 42,440 46,920 38,320 42,440 46,920 38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 126,880 61,560 65,320 87.7 88.4 87.0 72,220 34,875 37,345 87.1 87.7 86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,720 51,080 34,800 42,720 51,080 34,800 43,000 50,600 35,880 43,000 50,600 35,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 88,745 44,765 43,980 61.3 64.3 58.6 54,670 27,310 27,360 65.9 68.7 63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,960 50,000 35,800 42,960 50,000 35,800 43,800 50,240 37,360 43,800 50,240 37,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 122,110 56,400 65,710 84.4 81.0 87.5 69,505 31,700 37,805 83.8 79.7 87.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,660 12,290 12,980 12,660 12,290 12,980 12,190 11,540 12,730 12,190 11,540 12,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 12,005 5,770 6,235 8.3 8.3 8.3 7,640 3,595 4,040 9.2 9.0 9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,430 6,250 6,600 6,430 6,250 6,600 6,430 6,065 6,740 6,430 6,065 6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 34,255 15,915 18,340 23.7 22.9 24.4 21,665 10,015 11,645 26.1 25.2 27.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,010 8,770 9,210 9,010 8,770 9,210 8,870 8,700 9,020 8,870 8,700 9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,765 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 36,205 20,010 16,190 25.0 28.7 21.6 23,725 12,910 10,815 28.6 32.5 25.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 59,600 65,000 53,600 59,600 65,000 53,600 59,600 65,000 54,000 59,600 65,000 54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,900 74,600 59,550 67,900 74,600 59,550 66,600 72,500 59,450 66,600 72,500 59,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 38,895 18,025 20,870 26.9 25.9 27.8 23,605 10,830 12,775 28.5 27.2 29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,800 21,600 16,800 18,800 21,600 16,800 19,200 22,000 17,400 19,200 22,000 17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 29,280 35,200 24,180 29,280 35,200 24,180 28,960 34,160 24,580 28,960 34,160 24,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 77.8 82.0 72.8 77.8 82.0 72.8 78.6 82.8 73.6 78.6 82.8 73.6
Employment income (%)19 54.8 58.3 50.4 54.8 58.3 50.4 60.6 64.4 56.1 60.6 64.4 56.1
Government transfers (%)20 22.2 18.0 27.3 22.2 18.0 27.3 21.4 17.2 26.5 21.4 17.2 26.5
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.7 4.5 7.0 5.7 4.5 7.0 6.1 5.0 7.4 6.1 5.0 7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.4 3.6 5.4 4.4 3.6 5.4 4.9 4.1 5.8 4.9 4.1 5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 144,705 69,600 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,765 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 3,140 1,580 1,560 2.2 2.3 2.1 2,020 1,035 980 2.4 2.6 2.3
With total income 141,570 68,020 73,545 97.8 97.7 97.9 80,890 38,725 42,165 97.6 97.4 97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss) 10,495 4,575 5,915 7.4 6.7 8.0 6,090 2,725 3,365 7.5 7.0 8.0
$10,000 to $19,999 17,395 6,885 10,510 12.3 10.1 14.3 9,505 3,885 5,620 11.8 10.0 13.3
$20,000 to $29,999 23,835 9,970 13,865 16.8 14.7 18.9 13,300 5,535 7,765 16.4 14.3 18.4
$30,000 to $39,999 20,165 8,745 11,415 14.2 12.9 15.5 11,640 5,090 6,545 14.4 13.1 15.5
$40,000 to $49,999 17,380 7,945 9,435 12.3 11.7 12.8 10,160 4,605 5,555 12.6 11.9 13.2
$50,000 to $59,999 13,375 6,405 6,970 9.4 9.4 9.5 7,810 3,670 4,145 9.7 9.5 9.8
$60,000 to $69,999 10,055 5,420 4,635 7.1 8.0 6.3 5,825 3,060 2,770 7.2 7.9 6.6
$70,000 to $79,999 7,430 4,250 3,175 5.2 6.2 4.3 4,300 2,395 1,910 5.3 6.2 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 5,490 3,260 2,235 3.9 4.8 3.0 3,220 1,825 1,395 4.0 4.7 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 4,035 2,440 1,595 2.9 3.6 2.2 2,420 1,445 975 3.0 3.7 2.3
$100,000 and over 11,920 8,130 3,795 8.4 12.0 5.2 6,610 4,485 2,125 8.2 11.6 5.0
$100,000 to $149,999 8,390 5,520 2,870 5.9 8.1 3.9 4,835 3,180 1,650 6.0 8.2 3.9
$150,000 and over 3,530 2,610 920 2.5 3.8 1.3 1,775 1,305 475 2.2 3.4 1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 144,705 69,600 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,765 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 3,060 1,530 1,530 2.1 2.2 2.0 1,965 1,005 960 2.4 2.5 2.2
With after-tax income 141,645 68,070 73,575 97.9 97.8 98.0 80,945 38,760 42,190 97.6 97.5 97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 11,250 4,790 6,460 7.9 7.0 8.8 6,420 2,840 3,585 7.9 7.3 8.5
$10,000 to $19,999 18,085 7,140 10,940 12.8 10.5 14.9 9,865 4,015 5,850 12.2 10.4 13.9
$20,000 to $29,999 26,830 11,380 15,450 18.9 16.7 21.0 15,145 6,420 8,725 18.7 16.6 20.7
$30,000 to $39,999 23,090 10,235 12,855 16.3 15.0 17.5 13,340 5,960 7,375 16.5 15.4 17.5
$40,000 to $49,999 19,070 8,970 10,105 13.5 13.2 13.7 11,280 5,230 6,055 13.9 13.5 14.4
$50,000 to $59,999 13,665 7,085 6,585 9.6 10.4 9.0 7,895 3,955 3,945 9.8 10.2 9.4
$60,000 to $69,999 9,480 5,430 4,050 6.7 8.0 5.5 5,530 3,075 2,450 6.8 7.9 5.8
$70,000 to $79,999 6,525 3,915 2,605 4.6 5.8 3.5 3,815 2,225 1,595 4.7 5.7 3.8
$80,000 to $89,999 4,480 2,755 1,725 3.2 4.0 2.3 2,685 1,620 1,070 3.3 4.2 2.5
$90,000 to $99,999 2,850 1,845 1,005 2.0 2.7 1.4 1,655 1,055 600 2.0 2.7 1.4
$100,000 and over 6,325 4,530 1,795 4.5 6.7 2.4 3,310 2,375 935 4.1 6.1 2.2
$100,000 to $124,999 3,430 2,395 1,035 2.4 3.5 1.4 1,880 1,320 560 2.3 3.4 1.3
$125,000 and over 2,895 2,140 755 2.0 3.1 1.0 1,430 1,060 375 1.8 2.7 0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 144,705 69,600 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,765 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 55,965 25,010 30,955 38.7 35.9 41.2 28,240 12,415 15,820 34.1 31.2 36.7
With employment income 88,740 44,595 44,150 61.3 64.1 58.8 54,670 27,345 27,325 65.9 68.8 63.3
Under $5,000 (including loss) 14,955 7,185 7,765 16.9 16.1 17.6 7,805 3,635 4,165 14.3 13.3 15.2
$5,000 to $9,999 7,445 3,200 4,240 8.4 7.2 9.6 4,505 1,945 2,560 8.2 7.1 9.4
$10,000 to $19,999 10,850 4,745 6,105 12.2 10.6 13.8 6,655 2,910 3,745 12.2 10.6 13.7
$20,000 to $29,999 9,005 3,965 5,040 10.1 8.9 11.4 5,710 2,550 3,160 10.4 9.3 11.6
$30,000 to $39,999 8,550 3,875 4,675 9.6 8.7 10.6 5,570 2,590 2,980 10.2 9.5 10.9
$40,000 to $49,999 7,725 3,655 4,075 8.7 8.2 9.2 5,070 2,410 2,655 9.3 8.8 9.7
$50,000 to $59,999 6,725 3,240 3,490 7.6 7.3 7.9 4,440 2,155 2,285 8.1 7.9 8.4
$60,000 to $69,999 5,365 2,990 2,375 6.0 6.7 5.4 3,420 1,865 1,560 6.3 6.8 5.7
$70,000 to $79,999 4,265 2,545 1,720 4.8 5.7 3.9 2,845 1,660 1,180 5.2 6.1 4.3
$80,000 to $89,999 3,415 2,005 1,410 3.8 4.5 3.2 2,190 1,245 945 4.0 4.6 3.5
$90,000 to $99,999 2,775 1,665 1,115 3.1 3.7 2.5 1,815 1,080 730 3.3 3.9 2.7
$100,000 and over 7,670 5,515 2,150 8.6 12.4 4.9 4,645 3,300 1,345 8.5 12.1 4.9
$100,000 to $124,999 3,920 2,605 1,315 4.4 5.8 3.0 2,520 1,670 855 4.6 6.1 3.1
$125,000 and over 3,745 2,905 840 4.2 6.5 1.9 2,125 1,635 490 3.9 6.0 1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 144,705 69,600 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 138,570 66,370 72,200 95.8 95.4 96.1 78,960 37,665 41,295 95.2 94.7 95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,200 44,000 32,400 37,200 44,000 32,400 37,200 43,200 32,800 37,200 43,200 32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 138,820 66,425 72,395 95.9 95.4 96.4 79,080 37,690 41,390 95.4 94.8 95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,600 39,200 29,600 33,600 39,200 29,600 33,600 38,400 30,000 33,600 38,400 30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 126,545 61,280 65,270 87.5 88.0 86.9 71,780 34,650 37,130 86.6 87.1 86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 32,400 39,600 27,000 32,400 39,600 27,000 33,200 40,000 28,200 33,200 40,000 28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 95,030 47,365 47,665 65.7 68.1 63.5 57,420 28,410 29,010 69.3 71.5 67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,200 37,200 26,800 31,200 37,200 26,800 33,200 39,200 28,800 33,200 39,200 28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 102,830 45,325 57,505 71.1 65.1 76.6 57,840 24,965 32,875 69.8 62.8 76.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,600 11,600 10,000 10,600 11,600 10,000 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 9,140 4,390 4,745 6.3 6.3 6.3 5,755 2,680 3,075 6.9 6.7 7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,320 5,240 5,480 5,320 5,240 5,480 5,200 5,040 5,520 5,200 5,040 5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 138,525 66,400 72,130 95.7 95.4 96.0 78,955 37,710 41,245 95.2 94.8 95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 47,640 56,100 39,840 47,640 56,100 39,840 46,600 54,200 39,680 46,600 54,200 39,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 138,745 66,435 72,315 95.9 95.4 96.3 79,060 37,725 41,340 95.4 94.9 95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,560 46,880 34,720 40,560 46,880 34,720 39,920 45,480 34,800 39,920 45,480 34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 126,175 61,055 65,120 87.2 87.7 86.7 71,515 34,470 37,045 86.3 86.7 85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,880 53,250 35,120 43,880 53,250 35,120 43,720 52,550 35,520 43,720 52,550 35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 94,830 47,440 47,390 65.5 68.2 63.1 57,445 28,470 28,970 69.3 71.6 67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 41,880 49,760 34,040 41,880 49,760 34,040 42,600 50,120 35,200 42,600 50,120 35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 102,660 45,245 57,415 70.9 65.0 76.4 57,710 24,895 32,820 69.6 62.6 76.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,340 10,470 10,240 10,340 10,470 10,240 9,590 9,340 9,780 9,590 9,340 9,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 9,145 4,305 4,845 6.3 6.2 6.5 5,750 2,570 3,175 6.9 6.5 7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,810 6,420 7,170 6,810 6,420 7,170 6,850 6,310 7,280 6,850 6,310 7,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,765 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 36,090 19,930 16,155 24.9 28.6 21.5 23,655 12,875 10,780 28.5 32.4 25.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 56,000 62,400 50,000 56,000 62,400 50,000 55,600 61,600 50,000 55,600 61,600 50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 64,200 71,900 54,700 64,200 71,900 54,700 62,950 70,100 54,350 62,950 70,100 54,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 37,205 17,185 20,020 25.7 24.7 26.7 22,495 10,285 12,215 27.1 25.9 28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,400 29,000 21,600 24,400 29,000 21,600 24,600 29,000 21,800 24,600 29,000 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 35,280 43,320 28,360 35,280 43,320 28,360 34,160 41,160 28,240 34,160 41,160 28,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 84.0 87.2 79.6 84.0 87.2 79.6 85.0 88.6 80.4 85.0 88.6 80.4
Employment income (%) 60.2 63.4 56.1 60.2 63.4 56.1 66.6 69.8 62.3 66.6 69.8 62.3
Government transfers (%) 16.1 12.7 20.4 16.1 12.7 20.4 15.0 11.4 19.6 15.0 11.4 19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 75,275 ... ... ... ... ... 43,165 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... 68,500 ... ... 68,500 ... ... 68,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 22,420 ... ... ... ... ... 13,510 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,600 ... ... 39,600 ... ... 40,400 ... ... 40,400 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,400 ... ... 36,400 ... ... 36,800 ... ... 36,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 52,855 ... ... ... ... ... 29,650 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 75,270 ... ... ... ... ... 43,165 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 92,500 ... ... 92,500 ... ... 91,600 ... ... 91,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 79,900 ... ... 79,900 ... ... 79,600 ... ... 79,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 22,390 ... ... ... ... ... 13,510 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,440 ... ... 48,440 ... ... 48,280 ... ... 48,280 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,360 ... ... 42,360 ... ... 42,240 ... ... 42,240 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 52,885 ... ... ... ... ... 29,655 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 111,200 ... ... 111,200 ... ... 111,300 ... ... 111,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 95,800 ... ... 95,800 ... ... 96,600 ... ... 96,600 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 705 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 430 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 345 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 195 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 625 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 365 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,535 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 960 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 3,490 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 1,965 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,640 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 1,510 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,795 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 1,630 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,230 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 1,810 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,340 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 1,955 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 3,405 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 2,025 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 6,205 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 3,610 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 6,100 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 3,435 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 5,415 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 3,020 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 4,980 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 2,780 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 4,345 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 2,505 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
$100,000 and over 26,115 ... ... 34.7 ... ... 14,965 ... ... 34.7 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 8,710 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 4,960 ... ... 11.5 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 6,005 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 3,425 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 6,505 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 3,870 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
$200,000 and over 4,895 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 2,710 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 820 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 480 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 370 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 200 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 645 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 375 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,615 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 995 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 3,635 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 2,055 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 3,015 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 1,745 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 3,225 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 1,865 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,715 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 2,180 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,865 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 2,305 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 3,650 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 2,120 ... ... 4.9 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 7,165 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 4,125 ... ... 9.6 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 6,815 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 3,705 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 6,055 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 3,450 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 5,405 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 3,035 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 4,755 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 2,690 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$100,000 and over 20,530 ... ... 27.3 ... ... 11,830 ... ... 27.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 8,310 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 4,745 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 5,210 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 3,075 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$150,000 and over 7,010 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 4,005 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 50,055 ... ... ... ... ... 27,635 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 94,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 26,475 ... ... ... ... ... 12,780 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 77,500 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 15,065 ... ... ... ... ... 9,225 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 6,895 ... ... ... ... ... 4,650 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,500 ... ... 64,500 ... ... 64,500 ... ... 64,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,400 ... ... 60,400 ... ... 60,800 ... ... 60,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 32,015 14,575 17,440 ... ... ... 20,435 9,555 10,885 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 36,400 37,200 35,600 36,400 37,200 35,600 36,400 37,200 35,600 36,400 37,200 35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,400 33,600 34,000 34,400 33,600 34,000 34,400 33,600 34,000 34,400 33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 50,040 ... ... ... ... ... 27,650 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 110,600 ... ... 110,600 ... ... 110,300 ... ... 110,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,100 ... ... 95,100 ... ... 95,400 ... ... 95,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 26,430 ... ... ... ... ... 12,760 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 101,500 ... ... 101,500 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 87,500 ... ... 87,500 ... ... 87,300 ... ... 87,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 15,090 ... ... ... ... ... 9,230 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 140,800 ... ... 140,800 ... ... 139,800 ... ... 139,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 119,600 ... ... 119,600 ... ... 119,800 ... ... 119,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 6,880 ... ... ... ... ... 4,660 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 76,700 ... ... 76,700 ... ... 75,700 ... ... 75,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,400 ... ... 68,400 ... ... 67,400 ... ... 67,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 32,015 14,475 17,540 ... ... ... 20,475 9,500 10,975 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,600 46,760 42,840 44,600 46,760 42,840 44,080 45,840 42,560 44,080 45,840 42,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,240 40,600 38,160 39,240 40,600 38,160 38,840 40,000 37,840 38,840 40,000 37,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 166,170 80,550 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 25,935 13,305 12,635 15.6 16.5 14.8 16,920 8,725 8,190 17.4 18.6 16.4
0 to 5 years 7,460 3,785 3,680 4.5 4.7 4.3 5,015 2,605 2,400 5.2 5.5 4.8
18 to 64 years 92,105 44,485 47,615 55.4 55.2 55.6 57,605 27,990 29,615 59.4 59.5 59.2
65 years and over 48,125 22,765 25,365 29.0 28.3 29.6 22,490 10,305 12,190 23.2 21.9 24.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 18,165 8,210 9,950 ... ... ... 10,720 4,850 5,870 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 3,230 1,660 1,570 ... ... ... 2,155 1,125 1,030 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 965 490 470 ... ... ... 655 350 305 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 9,160 4,275 4,880 ... ... ... 5,625 2,610 3,015 ... ... ...
65 years and over 5,780 2,280 3,500 ... ... ... 2,940 1,110 1,825 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 10.9 10.2 11.6 10.9 10.2 11.6 11.1 10.3 11.7 11.1 10.3 11.7
0 to 17 years (%) 12.5 12.5 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.4 12.7 12.9 12.5 12.7 12.9 12.5
0 to 5 years (%) 12.9 13.1 12.8 12.9 13.1 12.8 13.0 13.3 12.8 13.0 13.3 12.8
18 to 64 years (%) 9.9 9.6 10.3 9.9 9.6 10.3 9.8 9.3 10.2 9.8 9.3 10.2
65 years and over (%) 12.0 10.0 13.8 12.0 10.0 13.8 13.1 10.8 15.0 13.1 10.8 15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 165,135 80,055 85,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 50,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 25,660 13,165 12,490 15.5 16.4 14.7 16,925 8,730 8,195 17.4 18.6 16.4
0 to 5 years 7,380 3,750 3,630 4.5 4.7 4.3 5,010 2,610 2,405 5.2 5.6 4.8
18 to 64 years 91,480 44,195 47,290 55.4 55.2 55.6 57,610 27,995 29,615 59.4 59.5 59.2
65 years and over 47,995 22,695 25,295 29.1 28.3 29.7 22,490 10,305 12,185 23.2 21.9 24.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 6,410 3,315 3,100 ... ... ... 4,565 2,370 2,200 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 995 515 480 ... ... ... 720 370 350 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 250 130 115 ... ... ... 185 100 85 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,675 2,470 2,210 ... ... ... 3,395 1,805 1,590 ... ... ...
65 years and over 740 330 415 ... ... ... 455 195 260 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.6 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.4
0 to 17 years (%) 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3
0 to 5 years (%) 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.6
18 to 64 years (%) 5.1 5.6 4.7 5.1 5.6 4.7 5.9 6.4 5.4 5.9 6.4 5.4
65 years and over (%) 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 166,170 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 87,365 41,135 46,230 52.6 51.1 54.0 51,920 24,470 27,445 53.5 52.0 54.9
In bottom decile 17,365 8,185 9,175 10.5 10.2 10.7 10,645 5,070 5,570 11.0 10.8 11.1
In second decile 18,045 8,220 9,825 10.9 10.2 11.5 10,790 4,910 5,875 11.1 10.4 11.8
In third decile 17,260 8,070 9,185 10.4 10.0 10.7 10,350 4,855 5,495 10.7 10.3 11.0
In fourth decile 17,215 8,220 8,990 10.4 10.2 10.5 9,945 4,735 5,205 10.3 10.1 10.4
In fifth decile 17,490 8,435 9,060 10.5 10.5 10.6 10,195 4,895 5,295 10.5 10.4 10.6
In top half of the distribution 78,800 39,420 39,380 47.4 48.9 46.0 45,105 22,550 22,550 46.5 48.0 45.1
In sixth decile 17,215 8,440 8,780 10.4 10.5 10.3 9,925 4,885 5,035 10.2 10.4 10.1
In seventh decile 16,425 8,110 8,310 9.9 10.1 9.7 9,390 4,630 4,760 9.7 9.8 9.5
In eighth decile 16,185 8,115 8,070 9.7 10.1 9.4 9,505 4,770 4,735 9.8 10.1 9.5
In ninth decile 15,440 7,840 7,600 9.3 9.7 8.9 8,960 4,525 4,435 9.2 9.6 8.9
In top decile 13,530 6,910 6,620 8.1 8.6 7.7 7,320 3,745 3,580 7.5 8.0 7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 166,165 ... ... 166,165 ... ... 97,020 ... ... 97,020 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.313 ... ... 0.313 ... ... 0.303 ... ... 0.303 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.441 ... ... 0.441 ... ... 0.427 ... ... 0.427 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.279 ... ... 0.279 ... ... 0.272 ... ... 0.272 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 168,410 81,670 86,745 100.0 100.0 100.0 98,415 47,680 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 156,565 76,495 80,070 93.0 93.7 92.3 91,025 44,445 46,575 92.5 93.2 91.8
French only 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 11,015 4,805 6,215 6.5 5.9 7.2 6,675 2,915 3,760 6.8 6.1 7.4
Neither English nor French 795 350 445 0.5 0.4 0.5 690 300 385 0.7 0.6 0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 168,410 81,670 86,745 100.0 100.0 100.0 98,415 47,680 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 165,465 80,315 85,150 98.3 98.3 98.2 96,480 46,780 49,695 98.0 98.1 98.0
French 1,990 930 1,060 1.2 1.1 1.2 1,130 550 585 1.1 1.2 1.2
English and French 205 95 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 70 85 0.2 0.1 0.2
Neither English nor French 750 330 425 0.4 0.4 0.5 650 285 365 0.7 0.6 0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 168,410 81,670 86,745 100.0 100.0 100.0 98,415 47,680 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 165,685 80,430 85,255 98.4 98.5 98.3 96,475 46,800 49,670 98.0 98.2 97.9
Official languages 150,285 73,385 76,900 89.2 89.9 88.7 85,365 41,720 43,650 86.7 87.5 86.0
English 148,140 72,385 75,750 88.0 88.6 87.3 84,170 41,140 43,035 85.5 86.3 84.8
French 2,145 1,000 1,145 1.3 1.2 1.3 1,200 585 615 1.2 1.2 1.2
Non-official languages 15,400 7,040 8,355 9.1 8.6 9.6 11,105 5,085 6,025 11.3 10.7 11.9
Indigenous languages39 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 15,345 7,020 8,320 9.1 8.6 9.6 11,070 5,075 6,000 11.2 10.6 11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages 560 310 255 0.3 0.4 0.3 515 280 240 0.5 0.6 0.5
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 535 295 240 0.3 0.4 0.3 490 265 220 0.5 0.6 0.4
Amharic 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 475 265 215 0.3 0.3 0.2 450 250 200 0.5 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 685 310 375 0.4 0.4 0.4 595 265 335 0.6 0.6 0.7
Khmer (Cambodian) 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 620 285 340 0.4 0.3 0.4 535 240 295 0.5 0.5 0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,150 420 735 0.7 0.5 0.8 900 350 555 0.9 0.7 1.1
Bikol 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 15 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.0
Fijian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 910 330 580 0.5 0.4 0.7 700 270 430 0.7 0.6 0.8
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 160 80 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 8,805 4,160 4,645 5.2 5.1 5.4 5,665 2,675 2,985 5.8 5.6 5.9
Albanian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,565 705 860 0.9 0.9 1.0 990 445 545 1.0 0.9 1.1
Baltic languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,530 685 845 0.9 0.8 1.0 980 440 540 1.0 0.9 1.1
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 145 60 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 370 150 225 0.2 0.2 0.3 235 95 140 0.2 0.2 0.3
Russian 350 155 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 250 115 140 0.3 0.2 0.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 265 125 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 190 85 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 180 85 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 250 125 125 0.1 0.2 0.1 125 55 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 3,640 1,675 1,965 2.2 2.1 2.3 1,710 770 940 1.7 1.6 1.9
Frisian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,975 885 1,095 1.2 1.1 1.3 885 395 495 0.9 0.8 1.0
German 1,910 850 1,060 1.1 1.0 1.2 860 380 480 0.9 0.8 0.9
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,135 560 580 0.7 0.7 0.7 545 260 290 0.6 0.5 0.6
Afrikaans 150 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 935 460 475 0.6 0.6 0.5 430 205 225 0.4 0.4 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 515 225 290 0.3 0.3 0.3 270 115 150 0.3 0.2 0.3
Danish 285 120 165 0.2 0.1 0.2 140 55 85 0.1 0.1 0.2
Icelandic 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 95 40 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Swedish 125 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 80 50 30 0.0 0.1 0.0 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 2,020 1,040 980 1.2 1.3 1.1 1,900 980 920 1.9 2.1 1.8
Indo-Aryan languages 1,775 920 855 1.1 1.1 1.0 1,690 880 815 1.7 1.8 1.6
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Gujarati 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 270 155 110 0.2 0.2 0.1 245 145 100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,220 615 605 0.7 0.8 0.7 1,165 585 585 1.2 1.2 1.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 240 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 205 100 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 230 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 205 100 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 195 100 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 165 80 85 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,440 665 775 0.9 0.8 0.9 960 420 535 1.0 0.9 1.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 385 215 170 0.2 0.3 0.2 190 85 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 210 90 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 60 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Romanian 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Spanish 770 325 445 0.5 0.4 0.5 580 250 335 0.6 0.5 0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 350 100 255 0.2 0.1 0.3 245 65 180 0.2 0.1 0.4
Korean 640 295 345 0.4 0.4 0.4 520 240 275 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 25 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,285 1,030 1,260 1.4 1.3 1.5 2,025 930 1,100 2.1 2.0 2.2
Chinese languages 2,275 1,025 1,255 1.4 1.3 1.4 2,025 930 1,095 2.1 2.0 2.2
Hakka 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,685 760 925 1.0 0.9 1.1 1,540 705 830 1.6 1.5 1.6
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 500 235 270 0.3 0.3 0.3 410 200 215 0.4 0.4 0.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 105 10 90 0.1 0.0 0.1 80 10 70 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 95 15 85 0.1 0.0 0.1 75 10 65 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 40 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijani 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 390 185 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 220 95 130 0.2 0.2 0.3
Estonian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 115 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 250 120 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 145 65 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,730 1,235 1,490 1.6 1.5 1.7 1,950 885 1,060 2.0 1.9 2.1
English and French 655 290 365 0.4 0.4 0.4 450 205 245 0.5 0.4 0.5
English and non-official language(s) 1,745 815 930 1.0 1.0 1.1 1,250 585 665 1.3 1.2 1.3
French and non-official language(s) 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 230 90 145 0.1 0.1 0.2 180 65 110 0.2 0.1 0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 168,410 81,670 86,745 100.0 100.0 100.0 98,415 47,680 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 153,550 74,860 78,690 91.2 91.7 90.7 87,020 42,365 44,660 88.4 88.9 88.0
French 320 150 170 0.2 0.2 0.2 195 100 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official language 3,050 1,475 1,580 1.8 1.8 1.8 2,650 1,285 1,365 2.7 2.7 2.7
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 3,050 1,475 1,580 1.8 1.8 1.8 2,645 1,285 1,365 2.7 2.7 2.7
English and French 1,475 640 840 0.9 0.8 1.0 955 430 525 1.0 0.9 1.0
English and non-official language(s) 9,460 4,290 5,170 5.6 5.3 6.0 7,170 3,315 3,850 7.3 7.0 7.6
French and non-official language(s) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 380 175 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 270 120 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Multiple non-official languages 175 80 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 65 90 0.2 0.1 0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 168,410 81,670 86,745 100.0 100.0 100.0 98,415 47,680 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 166,555 80,810 85,750 98.9 98.9 98.9 96,935 46,990 49,940 98.5 98.6 98.4
Official languages 160,680 77,985 82,695 95.4 95.5 95.3 91,850 44,535 47,315 93.3 93.4 93.3
English 160,220 77,770 82,445 95.1 95.2 95.0 91,555 44,385 47,165 93.0 93.1 93.0
French 465 215 245 0.3 0.3 0.3 295 145 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Non-official languages 5,875 2,825 3,055 3.5 3.5 3.5 5,085 2,455 2,630 5.2 5.1 5.2
Indigenous languages39 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 5,870 2,820 3,045 3.5 3.5 3.5 5,080 2,455 2,620 5.2 5.1 5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 335 170 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 310 155 155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 325 165 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 300 150 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Amharic 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 300 155 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 285 140 140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 425 200 225 0.3 0.2 0.3 370 170 200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 390 185 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 330 150 180 0.3 0.3 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 510 240 265 0.3 0.3 0.3 410 205 210 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 405 190 215 0.2 0.2 0.2 320 155 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 2,220 1,060 1,165 1.3 1.3 1.3 1,880 910 965 1.9 1.9 1.9
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 390 190 205 0.2 0.2 0.2 315 155 155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 390 190 205 0.2 0.2 0.2 315 155 155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 175 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 75 70 0.1 0.2 0.1
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bosnian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 325 155 170 0.2 0.2 0.2 170 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 165 75 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 160 75 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,110 550 560 0.7 0.7 0.6 1,075 530 540 1.1 1.1 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages 1,005 505 500 0.6 0.6 0.6 975 495 485 1.0 1.0 1.0
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 125 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 755 375 375 0.4 0.5 0.4 735 365 365 0.7 0.8 0.7
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 105 40 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 95 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 105 40 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 95 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 75 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 370 160 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 295 130 165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 245 110 135 0.1 0.1 0.2 205 90 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 100 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 505 240 260 0.3 0.3 0.3 415 205 210 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
American Sign Language 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,520 730 790 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,410 680 730 1.4 1.4 1.4
Chinese languages 1,510 725 785 0.9 0.9 0.9 1,410 680 730 1.4 1.4 1.4
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,215 585 635 0.7 0.7 0.7 1,145 555 590 1.2 1.2 1.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 250 125 130 0.1 0.2 0.1 225 110 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,855 860 995 1.1 1.1 1.1 1,480 690 790 1.5 1.4 1.6
English and French 190 85 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 55 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 1,595 750 850 0.9 0.9 1.0 1,290 610 680 1.3 1.3 1.3
French and non-official language(s) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 25 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 168,415 81,670 86,745 100.0 100.0 100.0 98,415 47,680 50,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 158,450 77,200 81,255 94.1 94.5 93.7 91,075 44,315 46,760 92.5 92.9 92.2
English 2,505 1,175 1,330 1.5 1.4 1.5 2,120 1,010 1,105 2.2 2.1 2.2
French 1,210 520 690 0.7 0.6 0.8 775 345 430 0.8 0.7 0.8
Non-official language 5,115 2,250 2,865 3.0 2.8 3.3 3,560 1,595 1,965 3.6 3.3 3.9
Indigenous39 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 5,020 2,205 2,815 3.0 2.7 3.2 3,495 1,565 1,930 3.6 3.3 3.8
English and French 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 300 155 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 275 145 130 0.3 0.3 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 250 120 135 0.1 0.1 0.2 165 75 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 550 235 310 0.3 0.3 0.4 415 175 240 0.4 0.4 0.5
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 166,165 80,555 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 165,385 80,190 85,185 99.5 99.5 99.5 96,325 46,710 49,615 99.3 99.3 99.2
English 165,360 80,180 85,180 99.5 99.5 99.5 96,310 46,700 49,610 99.3 99.3 99.2
French 10,950 4,710 6,240 6.6 5.8 7.3 6,650 2,875 3,770 6.9 6.1 7.5
Non-official languages 22,595 10,310 12,285 13.6 12.8 14.3 15,955 7,245 8,710 16.4 15.4 17.4
Indigenous languages39 325 145 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 185 75 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 25 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 150 70 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Halkomelem 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 22,295 10,175 12,120 13.4 12.6 14.2 15,770 7,170 8,600 16.3 15.2 17.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 700 360 335 0.4 0.4 0.4 630 315 315 0.6 0.7 0.6
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 655 345 310 0.4 0.4 0.4 590 300 290 0.6 0.6 0.6
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 530 270 260 0.3 0.3 0.3 510 250 260 0.5 0.5 0.5
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 105 70 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 70 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 790 355 430 0.5 0.4 0.5 700 300 400 0.7 0.6 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 90 30 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 700 325 375 0.4 0.4 0.4 615 275 340 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,760 665 1,095 1.1 0.8 1.3 1,325 540 790 1.4 1.1 1.6
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 105 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hiligaynon 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 95 15 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 80 15 65 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 75 20 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 55 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,500 575 925 0.9 0.7 1.1 1,130 460 670 1.2 1.0 1.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 85 40 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 195 90 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 75 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Telugu 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 14,100 6,625 7,470 8.5 8.2 8.7 9,030 4,225 4,800 9.3 9.0 9.6
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 2,050 955 1,095 1.2 1.2 1.3 1,265 570 695 1.3 1.2 1.4
Baltic languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,015 940 1,075 1.2 1.2 1.3 1,255 560 695 1.3 1.2 1.4
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 195 75 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 45 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Macedonian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 470 200 260 0.3 0.2 0.3 270 120 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Russian 630 310 325 0.4 0.4 0.4 400 195 205 0.4 0.4 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 425 200 225 0.3 0.2 0.3 290 130 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 280 140 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 200 100 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 130 55 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 335 170 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 180 90 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Irish 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 5,200 2,370 2,830 3.1 2.9 3.3 2,585 1,125 1,455 2.7 2.4 2.9
Frisian 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 3,160 1,440 1,725 1.9 1.8 2.0 1,455 650 805 1.5 1.4 1.6
German 3,125 1,410 1,715 1.9 1.8 2.0 1,435 640 795 1.5 1.4 1.6
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,565 760 805 0.9 0.9 0.9 815 355 460 0.8 0.8 0.9
Afrikaans 415 225 190 0.2 0.3 0.2 245 135 100 0.3 0.3 0.2
Dutch 1,130 540 590 0.7 0.7 0.7 565 220 345 0.6 0.5 0.7
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 35 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 705 280 425 0.4 0.3 0.5 440 160 275 0.5 0.3 0.6
Danish 350 145 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 215 75 140 0.2 0.2 0.3
Icelandic 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 165 65 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Swedish 210 90 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 125 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 130 80 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 60 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 2,950 1,480 1,470 1.8 1.8 1.7 2,755 1,380 1,375 2.8 2.9 2.8
Indo-Aryan languages 2,595 1,310 1,285 1.6 1.6 1.5 2,440 1,235 1,205 2.5 2.6 2.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 175 100 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 95 60 0.2 0.2 0.1
Hindi 1,310 695 620 0.8 0.9 0.7 1,240 650 590 1.3 1.4 1.2
Kacchi 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Nepali 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,725 845 880 1.0 1.0 1.0 1,640 800 835 1.7 1.7 1.7
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Urdu 95 40 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 350 165 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 305 140 170 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 350 165 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 305 140 170 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dari 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 295 135 160 0.2 0.2 0.2 260 110 145 0.3 0.2 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 4,285 1,965 2,320 2.6 2.4 2.7 2,640 1,210 1,430 2.7 2.6 2.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 760 385 375 0.5 0.5 0.4 430 225 215 0.4 0.5 0.4
Portuguese 365 175 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 205 115 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 3,350 1,495 1,855 2.0 1.9 2.2 2,105 930 1,175 2.2 2.0 2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 685 245 440 0.4 0.3 0.5 525 170 355 0.5 0.4 0.7
Korean 790 350 440 0.5 0.4 0.5 665 300 360 0.7 0.6 0.7
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 315 165 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 295 150 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 90 40 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 55 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 255 75 180 0.2 0.1 0.2 185 50 130 0.2 0.1 0.3
American Sign Language 215 50 160 0.1 0.1 0.2 155 35 120 0.2 0.1 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,715 1,235 1,480 1.6 1.5 1.7 2,365 1,100 1,260 2.4 2.3 2.5
Chinese languages 2,705 1,235 1,470 1.6 1.5 1.7 2,355 1,100 1,255 2.4 2.3 2.5
Hakka 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,095 940 1,155 1.3 1.2 1.3 1,875 860 1,010 1.9 1.8 2.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 110 40 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 105 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 750 370 380 0.5 0.5 0.4 625 310 315 0.6 0.7 0.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 145 30 115 0.1 0.0 0.1 125 30 100 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 145 30 115 0.1 0.0 0.1 125 30 100 0.1 0.1 0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 100 60 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijani 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 75 50 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 490 235 255 0.3 0.3 0.3 285 125 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonian 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 145 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 330 160 170 0.2 0.2 0.2 195 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 166,165 80,555 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 12,210 5,690 6,520 7.3 7.1 7.6 7,905 3,695 4,215 8.1 7.9 8.4
Single Indigenous responses46 11,685 5,455 6,225 7.0 6.8 7.3 7,525 3,515 4,010 7.8 7.5 8.0
First Nations (North American Indian) 6,695 3,075 3,620 4.0 3.8 4.2 4,345 2,005 2,335 4.5 4.3 4.7
Métis 4,865 2,325 2,535 2.9 2.9 3.0 3,115 1,470 1,645 3.2 3.1 3.3
Inuk (Inuit) 115 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 315 125 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 230 100 130 0.2 0.2 0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 220 115 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 155 80 75 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous identity 153,950 74,860 79,090 92.6 92.9 92.4 89,110 43,330 45,785 91.8 92.2 91.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 166,165 80,555 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 4,845 2,305 2,545 2.9 2.9 3.0 3,000 1,460 1,540 3.1 3.1 3.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 161,320 78,250 83,070 97.1 97.1 97.0 94,020 45,565 48,455 96.9 96.9 96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 55,165 ... ... 73.3 ... ... 28,780 ... ... 66.7 ... ...
Renter 19,895 ... ... 26.4 ... ... 14,385 ... ... 33.3 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 215 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 9,580 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 6,990 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
Not condominium 65,690 ... ... 87.3 ... ... 36,175 ... ... 83.8 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 445 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 345 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
1 bedroom 8,425 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 5,865 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
2 bedrooms 23,025 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 12,730 ... ... 29.5 ... ...
3 bedrooms 26,440 ... ... 35.1 ... ... 13,150 ... ... 30.5 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 16,945 ... ... 22.5 ... ... 11,080 ... ... 25.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 20,160 ... ... 26.8 ... ... 13,355 ... ... 30.9 ... ...
5 rooms 13,415 ... ... 17.8 ... ... 7,195 ... ... 16.7 ... ...
6 rooms 11,925 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 6,000 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
7 rooms 9,265 ... ... 12.3 ... ... 4,745 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 20,505 ... ... 27.2 ... ... 11,870 ... ... 27.5 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 74,590 ... ... 99.1 ... ... 42,685 ... ... 98.9 ... ...
More than one person per room 685 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 480 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 72,995 ... ... 97.0 ... ... 41,640 ... ... 96.5 ... ...
Not suitable 2,275 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 1,525 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 7,600 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 5,605 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
1961 to 1980 19,530 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 11,285 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
1981 to 1990 11,495 ... ... 15.3 ... ... 6,295 ... ... 14.6 ... ...
1991 to 2000 15,325 ... ... 20.4 ... ... 7,945 ... ... 18.4 ... ...
2001 to 2005 4,845 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 2,160 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
2006 to 2010 5,895 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 3,135 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
2011 to 2015 4,520 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 2,775 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2016 to 202157 6,065 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 3,960 ... ... 9.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 71,365 ... ... 94.8 ... ... 40,930 ... ... 94.8 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,910 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 2,235 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 35,810 ... ... 47.6 ... ... 21,270 ... ... 49.3 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 35,860 ... ... 47.6 ... ... 19,455 ... ... 45.1 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 3,600 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 2,435 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 1,865 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 1,545 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
25 to 34 years 7,145 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 5,585 ... ... 12.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 9,915 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 6,800 ... ... 15.8 ... ...
45 to 54 years 10,380 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 6,470 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
55 to 64 years 15,415 ... ... 20.5 ... ... 8,120 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
65 to 74 years 17,325 ... ... 23.0 ... ... 8,385 ... ... 19.4 ... ...
75 to 84 years 9,960 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 4,685 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
85 years and over 3,265 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 1,575 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 74,490 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,025 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 58,255 ... ... 78.2 ... ... 32,520 ... ... 75.6 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 16,240 ... ... 21.8 ... ... 10,500 ... ... 24.4 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 14,700 ... ... 19.7 ... ... 9,560 ... ... 22.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 75,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 43,165 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 20,920 ... ... 27.8 ... ... 13,290 ... ... 30.8 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 14,920 ... ... 19.8 ... ... 9,655 ... ... 22.4 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,715 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 1,130 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 2,800 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 1,550 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 375 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 275 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 925 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 560 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 165 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 110 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 20 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 54,355 ... ... 72.2 ... ... 29,875 ... ... 69.2 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 72,955 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 42,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 7,330 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 5,005 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
Not in core need 65,620 ... ... 89.9 ... ... 37,075 ... ... 88.1 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 54,820 ... ... ... ... ... 28,765 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 52.2 ... ... 52.2 ... ... 58.2 ... ... 58.2 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 14.9 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 16.3 ... ...
% in core housing need63 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 930 ... ... 930 ... ... 1,170 ... ... 1,170 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,269 ... ... 1,269 ... ... 1,382 ... ... 1,382 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 650,000 ... ... 650,000 ... ... 600,000 ... ... 600,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 689,000 ... ... 689,000 ... ... 625,500 ... ... 625,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 19,860 ... ... ... ... ... 14,385 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 9.9 ... ... 9.9 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 40.8 ... ... 40.8 ... ... 40.7 ... ... 40.7 ... ...
% in core housing need63 23.6 ... ... 23.6 ... ... 24.2 ... ... 24.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,250 ... ... 1,250 ... ... 1,250 ... ... 1,250 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,306 ... ... 1,306 ... ... 1,328 ... ... 1,328 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 215 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 11.6 ... ... 11.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 388 ... ... 388 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 464 ... ... 464 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 166,170 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 50,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 4,640 2,200 2,435 2.8 2.7 2.8 2,760 1,340 1,415 2.8 2.8 2.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 4,555 2,165 2,390 2.7 2.7 2.8 2,685 1,305 1,380 2.8 2.8 2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 3,565 1,675 1,895 2.1 2.1 2.2 2,080 995 1,085 2.1 2.1 2.2
Métis single ancestry 950 475 470 0.6 0.6 0.5 580 300 280 0.6 0.6 0.6
Inuit single ancestry 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 8,730 3,990 4,740 5.3 5.0 5.5 5,810 2,585 3,225 6.0 5.5 6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 8,395 3,835 4,565 5.1 4.8 5.3 5,580 2,475 3,105 5.8 5.3 6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 5,355 2,405 2,955 3.2 3.0 3.5 3,655 1,595 2,055 3.8 3.4 4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,940 1,375 1,565 1.8 1.7 1.8 1,865 840 1,025 1.9 1.8 2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 45 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 335 160 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 235 105 125 0.2 0.2 0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 335 160 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 235 105 125 0.2 0.2 0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 152,795 74,360 78,440 92.0 92.3 91.6 88,450 43,100 45,355 91.2 91.7 90.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 166,165 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 50,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 158,165 76,895 81,270 95.2 95.5 94.9 90,990 44,195 46,790 93.8 94.0 93.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18 25,305 13,070 12,240 15.2 16.2 14.3 16,340 8,480 7,860 16.8 18.0 15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 132,860 63,825 69,030 80.0 79.2 80.6 74,655 35,720 38,930 76.9 76.0 77.9
Not Canadian citizens78 8,005 3,655 4,345 4.8 4.5 5.1 6,030 2,820 3,205 6.2 6.0 6.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 166,165 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 50,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 137,950 67,495 70,455 83.0 83.8 82.3 79,545 38,885 40,665 82.0 82.7 81.3
Immigrants81 26,165 12,090 14,070 15.7 15.0 16.4 15,620 7,240 8,380 16.1 15.4 16.8
Before 1980 12,070 5,745 6,320 7.3 7.1 7.4 5,660 2,715 2,945 5.8 5.8 5.9
1980 to 1990 2,985 1,330 1,660 1.8 1.7 1.9 1,715 775 940 1.8 1.6 1.9
1991 to 2000 2,675 1,125 1,550 1.6 1.4 1.8 1,765 735 1,030 1.8 1.6 2.1
2001 to 2010 3,745 1,700 2,045 2.3 2.1 2.4 2,645 1,250 1,400 2.7 2.7 2.8
2011 to 202182 4,695 2,200 2,495 2.8 2.7 2.9 3,835 1,760 2,070 4.0 3.7 4.1
2011 to 2015 2,005 940 1,060 1.2 1.2 1.2 1,570 715 855 1.6 1.5 1.7
2016 to 2021 2,690 1,255 1,440 1.6 1.6 1.7 2,265 1,045 1,220 2.3 2.2 2.4
Non-permanent residents83 2,050 960 1,090 1.2 1.2 1.3 1,850 900 950 1.9 1.9 1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 26,165 12,090 14,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,620 7,240 8,380 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 3,015 1,490 1,525 11.5 12.3 10.8 1,690 850 840 10.8 11.7 10.0
5 to 14 years 4,795 2,325 2,470 18.3 19.2 17.6 2,980 1,400 1,580 19.1 19.3 18.9
15 to 24 years 5,345 2,320 3,025 20.4 19.2 21.5 2,920 1,295 1,620 18.7 17.9 19.3
25 to 44 years 10,775 4,980 5,795 41.2 41.2 41.2 6,560 3,050 3,510 42.0 42.1 41.9
45 years and over 2,240 985 1,255 8.6 8.1 8.9 1,475 650 825 9.4 9.0 9.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 26,165 12,090 14,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,620 7,240 8,380 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 3,355 1,415 1,945 12.8 11.7 13.8 1,910 830 1,080 12.2 11.5 12.9
Brazil 60 20 40 0.2 0.2 0.3 50 20 30 0.3 0.3 0.4
Colombia 95 40 60 0.4 0.3 0.4 80 35 45 0.5 0.5 0.5
El Salvador 60 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 20 30 0.3 0.3 0.4
Guyana 50 20 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 70 35 40 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Mexico 230 90 140 0.9 0.7 1.0 165 70 95 1.1 1.0 1.1
Peru 55 0 50 0.2 0.0 0.4 40 0 35 0.3 0.0 0.4
Trinidad and Tobago 50 15 35 0.2 0.1 0.2 30 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
United States of America 2,270 980 1,290 8.7 8.1 9.2 1,155 520 630 7.4 7.2 7.5
Other places of birth in Americas 410 185 230 1.6 1.5 1.6 285 120 165 1.8 1.7 2.0
Europe 13,935 6,770 7,165 53.3 56.0 50.9 6,675 3,270 3,405 42.7 45.2 40.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina 65 20 40 0.2 0.2 0.3 40 10 30 0.3 0.1 0.4
Croatia 170 85 85 0.6 0.7 0.6 125 65 60 0.8 0.9 0.7
France 170 85 85 0.6 0.7 0.6 95 55 35 0.6 0.8 0.4
Germany 1,570 715 850 6.0 5.9 6.0 635 320 315 4.1 4.4 3.8
Greece 60 45 15 0.2 0.4 0.1 45 35 10 0.3 0.5 0.1
Hungary 210 115 95 0.8 1.0 0.7 150 70 75 1.0 1.0 0.9
Italy 215 140 75 0.8 1.2 0.5 145 95 50 0.9 1.3 0.6
Netherlands 920 475 445 3.5 3.9 3.2 445 200 245 2.8 2.8 2.9
Poland 380 190 195 1.5 1.6 1.4 245 125 115 1.6 1.7 1.4
Portugal 140 85 55 0.5 0.7 0.4 65 45 15 0.4 0.6 0.2
Romania 60 20 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 15 25 0.3 0.2 0.3
Russian Federation 175 90 80 0.7 0.7 0.6 115 60 60 0.7 0.8 0.7
Serbia86 50 30 20 0.2 0.2 0.1 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Ukraine 155 75 80 0.6 0.6 0.6 80 50 30 0.5 0.7 0.4
United Kingdom87 7,875 3,785 4,090 30.1 31.3 29.1 3,495 1,690 1,800 22.4 23.3 21.5
Other places of birth in Europe 1,740 810 935 6.7 6.7 6.6 955 420 535 6.1 5.8 6.4
Africa 1,150 575 570 4.4 4.8 4.1 780 380 400 5.0 5.2 4.8
Algeria 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Egypt 40 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1 25 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Morocco 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Nigeria 155 70 85 0.6 0.6 0.6 155 70 80 1.0 1.0 1.0
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 540 275 260 2.1 2.3 1.8 310 165 145 2.0 2.3 1.7
Other places of birth in Africa 350 175 175 1.3 1.4 1.2 235 105 130 1.5 1.5 1.6
Asia 7,065 3,010 4,055 27.0 24.9 28.8 5,940 2,605 3,340 38.0 36.0 39.9
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 255 135 120 1.0 1.1 0.9 230 120 110 1.5 1.7 1.3
Iraq 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Syria89 230 120 110 0.9 1.0 0.8 230 120 110 1.5 1.7 1.3
Turkey 25 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
China90 1,470 625 845 5.6 5.2 6.0 1,285 560 725 8.2 7.7 8.7
Hong Kong91 200 90 115 0.8 0.7 0.8 175 85 90 1.1 1.2 1.1
Korea, South92 560 230 330 2.1 1.9 2.3 470 195 280 3.0 2.7 3.3
Taiwan 155 50 110 0.6 0.4 0.8 130 40 95 0.8 0.6 1.1
Philippines 1,400 530 865 5.4 4.4 6.1 1,040 430 610 6.7 5.9 7.3
Viet Nam 535 245 285 2.0 2.0 2.0 455 200 260 2.9 2.8 3.1
Bangladesh 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
India 1,185 595 590 4.5 4.9 4.2 1,075 540 530 6.9 7.5 6.3
Pakistan 40 15 25 0.2 0.1 0.2 40 15 20 0.3 0.2 0.2
Sri Lanka 55 30 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Other places of birth in Asia 900 300 600 3.4 2.5 4.3 680 230 455 4.4 3.2 5.4
Oceania and other places of birth93 660 325 335 2.5 2.7 2.4 310 155 155 2.0 2.1 1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 2,690 1,255 1,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,265 1,045 1,220 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 300 145 155 11.2 11.6 10.8 200 95 105 8.8 9.1 8.6
Brazil 30 10 20 1.1 0.8 1.4 30 10 20 1.3 1.0 1.6
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 30 10 25 1.1 0.8 1.7 30 10 20 1.3 1.0 1.6
United States of America 190 95 90 7.1 7.6 6.3 105 55 50 4.6 5.3 4.1
Venezuela95 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Americas 35 20 15 1.3 1.6 1.0 35 20 10 1.5 1.9 0.8
Europe 390 190 195 14.5 15.1 13.5 285 140 145 12.6 13.4 11.9
France 15 0 15 0.6 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germany 25 20 0 0.9 1.6 0.0 15 10 0 0.7 1.0 0.0
Ireland96 40 20 25 1.5 1.6 1.7 40 20 25 1.8 1.9 2.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 15 10 0 0.6 0.8 0.0 15 10 0 0.7 1.0 0.0
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 175 85 90 6.5 6.8 6.3 95 45 50 4.2 4.3 4.1
Other places of birth in Europe 110 55 55 4.1 4.4 3.8 105 55 55 4.6 5.3 4.5
Africa 265 135 135 9.9 10.8 9.4 265 135 135 11.7 12.9 11.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 125 55 65 4.6 4.4 4.5 125 55 65 5.5 5.3 5.3
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 25 15 0 0.9 1.2 0.0 25 15 0 1.1 1.4 0.0
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 85 40 45 3.2 3.2 3.1 85 40 45 3.8 3.8 3.7
Asia 1,660 755 910 61.7 60.2 63.2 1,450 655 800 64.0 62.7 65.6
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 15 0 10 0.6 0.0 0.7 15 0 10 0.7 0.0 0.8
China90 435 185 245 16.2 14.7 17.0 410 180 230 18.1 17.2 18.9
Hong Kong91 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0
India 315 175 140 11.7 13.9 9.7 310 170 140 13.7 16.3 11.5
Iran88 25 10 10 0.9 0.8 0.7 25 10 10 1.1 1.0 0.8
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 35 0 30 1.3 0.0 2.1 30 0 25 1.3 0.0 2.0
Jordan 15 10 10 0.6 0.8 0.7 15 10 10 0.7 1.0 0.8
Korea, South92 110 45 70 4.1 3.6 4.9 90 30 65 4.0 2.9 5.3
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 340 145 195 12.6 11.6 13.5 215 85 130 9.5 8.1 10.7
Saudi Arabia 15 0 15 0.6 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0
Syria89 210 110 95 7.8 8.8 6.6 210 110 95 9.3 10.5 7.8
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Viet Nam 45 20 25 1.7 1.6 1.7 35 10 20 1.5 1.0 1.6
Other places of birth in Asia 75 20 60 2.8 1.6 4.2 65 20 40 2.9 1.9 3.3
Oceania and other93 80 45 40 3.0 3.6 2.8 60 30 35 2.6 2.9 2.9
Australia 20 15 0 0.7 1.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 60 25 35 2.2 2.0 2.4 50 25 30 2.2 2.4 2.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 166,165 80,555 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 30,075 13,900 16,175 18.1 17.3 18.9 18,640 8,710 9,930 19.2 18.5 19.9
Second generation101 32,340 15,800 16,535 19.5 19.6 19.3 18,320 8,635 9,685 18.9 18.4 19.4
Third generation or more102 103,755 50,855 52,900 62.4 63.1 61.8 60,055 29,680 30,375 61.9 63.1 60.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 14,100 6,345 7,750 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,960 4,525 5,435 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 7,810 3,790 4,020 55.4 59.7 51.9 5,490 2,670 2,830 55.1 59.0 52.1
Principal applicants105 3,445 2,035 1,410 24.4 32.1 18.2 2,365 1,355 1,010 23.7 29.9 18.6
Secondary applicants106 4,365 1,750 2,610 31.0 27.6 33.7 3,130 1,310 1,815 31.4 29.0 33.4
Immigrants sponsored by family107 4,950 1,925 3,025 35.1 30.3 39.0 3,405 1,340 2,060 34.2 29.6 37.9
Refugees108 1,260 610 655 8.9 9.6 8.5 1,015 500 520 10.2 11.0 9.6
Other immigrants109 85 30 55 0.6 0.5 0.7 50 20 30 0.5 0.4 0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 14,100 6,345 7,750 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,960 4,525 5,435 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 230 120 110 1.6 1.9 1.4 190 100 95 1.9 2.2 1.7
Work permits only before admission112 2,310 1,060 1,255 16.4 16.7 16.2 1,460 655 805 14.7 14.5 14.8
Study permits only before admission113 470 195 275 3.3 3.1 3.5 370 160 210 3.7 3.5 3.9
Work and study permits before admission114 1,090 490 600 7.7 7.7 7.7 940 460 480 9.4 10.2 8.8
Other permits before admission115 110 20 85 0.8 0.3 1.1 70 20 50 0.7 0.4 0.9
No pre-admission experience116 9,895 4,465 5,430 70.2 70.4 70.1 6,935 3,130 3,805 69.6 69.2 70.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 166,165 80,555 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 15,945 7,345 8,600 9.6 9.1 10.0 13,300 6,170 7,130 13.7 13.1 14.3
South Asian 3,450 1,750 1,700 2.1 2.2 2.0 3,095 1,565 1,530 3.2 3.3 3.1
Chinese 3,320 1,520 1,805 2.0 1.9 2.1 2,865 1,325 1,540 3.0 2.8 3.1
Black 1,410 670 735 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,180 550 635 1.2 1.2 1.3
Filipino 2,100 870 1,225 1.3 1.1 1.4 1,525 665 855 1.6 1.4 1.7
Arab 440 225 215 0.3 0.3 0.3 430 225 205 0.4 0.5 0.4
Latin American 925 390 540 0.6 0.5 0.6 710 315 390 0.7 0.7 0.8
Southeast Asian 1,375 600 775 0.8 0.7 0.9 1,145 485 665 1.2 1.0 1.3
West Asian 335 170 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 310 150 155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Korean 860 380 480 0.5 0.5 0.6 700 310 390 0.7 0.7 0.8
Japanese 900 345 550 0.5 0.4 0.6 655 245 415 0.7 0.5 0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 270 130 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 225 110 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple visible minorities 560 285 275 0.3 0.4 0.3 460 225 230 0.5 0.5 0.5
Not a visible minority120 150,225 73,210 77,015 90.4 90.9 90.0 83,720 40,850 42,870 86.3 86.9 85.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 166,165 80,555 85,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,020 50,000 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 20,410 10,395 10,010 12.3 12.9 11.7 12,225 6,250 5,970 12.6 13.3 11.9
English 54,380 25,990 28,385 32.7 32.3 33.2 30,200 14,425 15,770 31.1 30.7 31.5
Irish 29,435 13,800 15,630 17.7 17.1 18.3 16,370 7,775 8,595 16.9 16.5 17.2
Scottish 38,285 18,345 19,940 23.0 22.8 23.3 21,790 10,510 11,280 22.5 22.4 22.6
French, n.o.s.122 14,595 6,680 7,915 8.8 8.3 9.2 8,425 3,890 4,535 8.7 8.3 9.1
German 22,935 10,815 12,115 13.8 13.4 14.2 12,845 6,095 6,750 13.2 13.0 13.5
Chinese 3,685 1,720 1,970 2.2 2.1 2.3 3,130 1,475 1,660 3.2 3.1 3.3
Italian 5,455 2,725 2,730 3.3 3.4 3.2 3,375 1,645 1,725 3.5 3.5 3.5
Indian (India) 2,240 1,140 1,100 1.3 1.4 1.3 1,925 975 955 2.0 2.1 1.9
Ukrainian 8,675 4,150 4,525 5.2 5.2 5.3 4,925 2,355 2,570 5.1 5.0 5.1
Dutch 7,970 3,905 4,065 4.8 4.8 4.7 4,540 2,175 2,375 4.7 4.6 4.8
Polish 5,460 2,525 2,940 3.3 3.1 3.4 2,995 1,425 1,570 3.1 3.0 3.1
Québécois 200 110 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 90 60 0.2 0.2 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 9,895 4,610 5,285 6.0 5.7 6.2 5,115 2,395 2,720 5.3 5.1 5.4
Filipino 2,080 870 1,210 1.3 1.1 1.4 1,480 635 845 1.5 1.4 1.7
French Canadian 1,890 865 1,025 1.1 1.1 1.2 1,020 505 510 1.1 1.1 1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 3,155 1,565 1,585 1.9 1.9 1.9 2,120 1,040 1,080 2.2 2.2 2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 4,265 1,865 2,400 2.6 2.3 2.8 2,800 1,225 1,575 2.9 2.6 3.2
Métis 4,285 2,025 2,255 2.6 2.5 2.6 2,730 1,270 1,460 2.8 2.7 2.9
European, n.o.s.126 4,505 2,260 2,235 2.7 2.8 2.6 2,650 1,330 1,315 2.7 2.8 2.6
Russian 3,730 1,750 1,980 2.2 2.2 2.3 2,180 1,005 1,170 2.2 2.1 2.3
Norwegian 6,360 2,955 3,405 3.8 3.7 4.0 3,590 1,735 1,855 3.7 3.7 3.7
Welsh 5,765 2,735 3,025 3.5 3.4 3.5 3,170 1,525 1,645 3.3 3.2 3.3
Portuguese 745 355 395 0.4 0.4 0.5 440 190 255 0.5 0.4 0.5
American 3,150 1,580 1,570 1.9 2.0 1.8 1,720 840 880 1.8 1.8 1.8
Spanish 1,470 665 810 0.9 0.8 0.9 1,050 500 545 1.1 1.1 1.1
Swedish 4,920 2,290 2,630 3.0 2.8 3.1 2,685 1,240 1,445 2.8 2.6 2.9
Hungarian 2,320 1,140 1,180 1.4 1.4 1.4 1,355 635 715 1.4 1.4 1.4
Acadian 400 185 220 0.2 0.2 0.3 250 125 130 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pakistani 110 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
African, n.o.s.127 385 195 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 290 155 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Jewish 925 405 520 0.6 0.5 0.6 485 215 270 0.5 0.5 0.5
Punjabi 560 275 280 0.3 0.3 0.3 530 255 275 0.5 0.5 0.6
Vietnamese 920 435 480 0.6 0.5 0.6 805 380 430 0.8 0.8 0.9
Arab, n.o.s.128 230 130 100 0.1 0.2 0.1 220 120 100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Greek 565 295 275 0.3 0.4 0.3 385 185 205 0.4 0.4 0.4
Jamaican 290 165 125 0.2 0.2 0.1 210 120 85 0.2 0.3 0.2
Asian, n.o.s.129 435 145 285 0.3 0.2 0.3 340 115 225 0.4 0.2 0.5
Cree, n.o.s.130 1,020 440 580 0.6 0.5 0.7 705 285 420 0.7 0.6 0.8
Korean 820 375 440 0.5 0.5 0.5 695 315 375 0.7 0.7 0.8
Romanian 955 440 515 0.6 0.5 0.6 560 255 300 0.6 0.5 0.6
Lebanese 225 105 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 75 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian 330 175 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 290 150 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Christian, n.i.e.131 405 195 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 225 120 105 0.2 0.3 0.2
Danish 2,875 1,370 1,510 1.7 1.7 1.8 1,595 745 845 1.6 1.6 1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 965 500 465 0.6 0.6 0.5 665 350 315 0.7 0.7 0.6
Sikh 380 200 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 370 190 180 0.4 0.4 0.4
Austrian 2,000 935 1,065 1.2 1.2 1.2 1,135 505 630 1.2 1.1 1.3
Belgian 1,085 535 555 0.7 0.7 0.6 735 335 400 0.8 0.7 0.8
Haitian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 175 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 70 80 0.2 0.1 0.2
Mexican 575 265 315 0.3 0.3 0.4 360 150 205 0.4 0.3 0.4
Mennonite 375 180 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 210 100 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Swiss 990 555 435 0.6 0.7 0.5 580 345 230 0.6 0.7 0.5
Finnish 1,605 785 825 1.0 1.0 1.0 940 450 495 1.0 1.0 1.0
Sri Lankan 85 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 65 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 760 375 385 0.5 0.5 0.4 480 225 255 0.5 0.5 0.5
Japanese 1,115 425 690 0.7 0.5 0.8 800 305 500 0.8 0.6 1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.133 155 65 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 40 75 0.1 0.1 0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 250 105 145 0.2 0.1 0.2 155 70 85 0.2 0.1 0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.135 1,435 700 730 0.9 0.9 0.9 800 395 405 0.8 0.8 0.8
Muslim 90 35 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 90 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 90 40 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 85 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 170 55 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 40 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Tamil 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 1,380 680 700 0.8 0.8 0.8 755 380 375 0.8 0.8 0.8
Colombian 160 60 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 30 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Moroccan 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Czech 910 430 480 0.5 0.5 0.6 550 255 300 0.6 0.5 0.6
Syrian 245 105 135 0.1 0.1 0.2 225 105 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guyanese 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afghan 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 110 40 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 75 20 60 0.1 0.0 0.1
Serbian 255 130 125 0.2 0.2 0.1 155 80 75 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ojibway 260 115 145 0.2 0.1 0.2 170 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Newfoundlander 235 145 90 0.1 0.2 0.1 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hong Konger 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ontarian 150 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 40 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 110 35 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 135 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 50 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkish 115 70 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.138 130 80 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 60 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladeshi 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algerian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 95 20 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 55 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Nigerian 195 90 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 190 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Armenian 80 50 30 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 300 115 185 0.2 0.1 0.2 190 60 135 0.2 0.1 0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 450 205 245 0.3 0.3 0.3 240 105 130 0.2 0.2 0.3
Somali 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Taiwanese 130 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 40 75 0.1 0.1 0.2
Iraqi 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Caribbean 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 75 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 270 125 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 170 75 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
South African 405 220 185 0.2 0.3 0.2 260 145 120 0.3 0.3 0.2
Australian 645 340 310 0.4 0.4 0.4 385 185 205 0.4 0.4 0.4
Palestinian 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 185 75 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 145 60 90 0.1 0.1 0.2
Congolese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Ethiopian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 120 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 80 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 135 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Macedonian 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 200 95 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 425 235 185 0.3 0.3 0.2 265 165 100 0.3 0.4 0.2
New Brunswicker 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 85 25 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 85 25 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 85 40 40 0.1 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 150 95 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 115 70 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 350 165 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 200 100 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bulgarian 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Albertan 120 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 155 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 315 140 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 155 70 85 0.2 0.1 0.2
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 150 95 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 65 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 230 120 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 80 55 0.1 0.2 0.1
Bengali 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 210 85 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 60 100 0.2 0.1 0.2
Laotian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 210 90 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 275 140 135 0.2 0.2 0.2 160 80 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
British Columbian 815 425 385 0.5 0.5 0.4 420 215 205 0.4 0.5 0.4
Ecuadorian 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 55 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 165 85 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 145 80 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 95 65 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 185 50 130 0.1 0.1 0.2 165 45 120 0.2 0.1 0.2
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 95 40 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Zealander 285 170 115 0.2 0.2 0.1 155 90 65 0.2 0.2 0.1
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 60 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Buddhist 0 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 125 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 15 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
United Empire Loyalist 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Azorean 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 35 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Uruguayan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Costa Rican 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 166,170 80,555 85,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 97,020 47,025 49,995 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 950 335 610 0.6 0.4 0.7 650 220 430 0.7 0.5 0.9
Christian 56,375 24,660 31,715 33.9 30.6 37.0 31,135 13,615 17,525 32.1 29.0 35.1
Christian, n.o.s.162 12,215 5,605 6,610 7.4 7.0 7.7 7,600 3,505 4,100 7.8 7.5 8.2
Anabaptist 260 130 130 0.2 0.2 0.2 120 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anglican 7,770 3,190 4,580 4.7 4.0 5.3 3,600 1,480 2,120 3.7 3.1 4.2
Baptist 2,285 1,005 1,280 1.4 1.2 1.5 1,180 535 650 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 15,590 6,905 8,685 9.4 8.6 10.1 9,135 4,120 5,015 9.4 8.8 10.0
Christian Orthodox 515 275 240 0.3 0.3 0.3 300 155 140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Jehovah's Witness 1,525 695 825 0.9 0.9 1.0 830 365 470 0.9 0.8 0.9
Latter Day Saints 400 215 190 0.2 0.3 0.2 300 165 135 0.3 0.4 0.3
Lutheran 2,155 870 1,280 1.3 1.1 1.5 1,080 410 665 1.1 0.9 1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 300 135 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 185 75 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,365 585 775 0.8 0.7 0.9 940 390 555 1.0 0.8 1.1
Presbyterian 1,265 570 700 0.8 0.7 0.8 750 315 435 0.8 0.7 0.9
Reformed 235 100 130 0.1 0.1 0.2 125 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.2
United Church 7,530 3,090 4,440 4.5 3.8 5.2 3,520 1,375 2,145 3.6 2.9 4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 2,970 1,295 1,675 1.8 1.6 2.0 1,465 625 845 1.5 1.3 1.7
Hindu 850 435 415 0.5 0.5 0.5 785 400 390 0.8 0.9 0.8
Jewish 460 230 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 230 115 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Muslim 1,065 500 565 0.6 0.6 0.7 1,000 465 535 1.0 1.0 1.1
Sikh 1,400 680 720 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,330 640 690 1.4 1.4 1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 685 330 355 0.4 0.4 0.4 170 95 75 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 2,235 830 1,400 1.3 1.0 1.6 1,355 515 840 1.4 1.1 1.7
No religion and secular perspectives 102,145 52,545 49,600 61.5 65.2 57.9 60,365 30,960 29,405 62.2 65.8 58.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 165,170 80,075 85,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 96,325 46,685 49,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 142,285 68,985 73,300 86.1 86.2 86.1 80,915 39,155 41,755 84.0 83.9 84.1
Movers 22,885 11,090 11,795 13.9 13.8 13.9 15,415 7,525 7,885 16.0 16.1 15.9
Non-migrants 11,920 5,835 6,085 7.2 7.3 7.2 9,365 4,590 4,775 9.7 9.8 9.6
Migrants 10,965 5,255 5,710 6.6 6.6 6.7 6,045 2,935 3,110 6.3 6.3 6.3
Internal migrants 10,130 4,895 5,235 6.1 6.1 6.2 5,405 2,645 2,755 5.6 5.7 5.5
Intraprovincial migrants 7,645 3,705 3,940 4.6 4.6 4.6 3,785 1,875 1,905 3.9 4.0 3.8
Interprovincial migrants 2,485 1,195 1,290 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,615 765 850 1.7 1.6 1.7
External migrants 835 360 475 0.5 0.4 0.6 650 290 355 0.7 0.6 0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 160,190 77,615 82,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 92,975 44,965 48,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 87,875 42,445 45,430 54.9 54.7 55.0 47,800 22,985 24,815 51.4 51.1 51.7
Movers 72,315 35,170 37,145 45.1 45.3 45.0 45,175 21,980 23,190 48.6 48.9 48.3
Non-migrants 24,915 11,985 12,930 15.6 15.4 15.7 20,400 9,845 10,560 21.9 21.9 22.0
Migrants 47,405 23,190 24,215 29.6 29.9 29.3 24,775 12,140 12,640 26.6 27.0 26.3
Internal migrants 43,380 21,250 22,130 27.1 27.4 26.8 21,570 10,585 10,985 23.2 23.5 22.9
Intraprovincial migrants 33,800 16,410 17,380 21.1 21.1 21.0 15,680 7,615 8,070 16.9 16.9 16.8
Interprovincial migrants 9,580 4,835 4,745 6.0 6.2 5.7 5,885 2,965 2,920 6.3 6.6 6.1
External migrants 4,025 1,940 2,085 2.5 2.5 2.5 3,205 1,555 1,650 3.4 3.5 3.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 144,710 69,600 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,765 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 23,075 12,890 10,185 15.9 18.5 13.6 13,350 7,370 5,980 16.1 18.5 13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 121,630 56,715 64,920 84.1 81.5 86.4 69,555 32,395 37,160 83.9 81.5 86.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 81,615 38,980 42,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 50,175 24,200 25,975 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 9,050 5,430 3,625 11.1 13.9 8.5 5,395 3,200 2,200 10.8 13.2 8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 72,560 33,550 39,015 88.9 86.1 91.5 44,780 21,000 23,780 89.2 86.8 91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 18,960 10,305 8,655 13.1 14.8 11.5 11,200 6,075 5,125 13.5 15.3 11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 44,065 20,790 23,275 30.5 29.9 31.0 25,285 12,120 13,165 30.5 30.5 30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 81,685 38,510 43,170 56.4 55.3 57.5 46,425 21,565 24,860 56.0 54.2 57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 49,455 24,200 25,250 34.2 34.8 33.6 27,030 13,025 14,010 32.6 32.8 32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 14,595 10,810 3,785 10.1 15.5 5.0 7,770 5,585 2,180 9.4 14.0 5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 5,760 3,165 2,595 4.0 4.5 3.5 3,245 1,795 1,450 3.9 4.5 3.4
Apprenticeship certificate169 8,835 7,645 1,190 6.1 11.0 1.6 4,525 3,790 730 5.5 9.5 1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 28,205 11,020 17,185 19.5 15.8 22.9 15,115 5,930 9,185 18.2 14.9 21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 6,655 2,370 4,285 4.6 3.4 5.7 4,150 1,505 2,640 5.0 3.8 6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher 32,230 14,310 17,920 22.3 20.6 23.9 19,390 8,540 10,850 23.4 21.5 25.1
Bachelor's degree 20,005 8,705 11,300 13.8 12.5 15.0 12,210 5,280 6,930 14.7 13.3 16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,440 1,045 1,390 1.7 1.5 1.9 1,455 675 780 1.8 1.7 1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 1,000 635 370 0.7 0.9 0.5 590 340 255 0.7 0.9 0.6
Master's degree 7,495 3,235 4,265 5.2 4.6 5.7 4,385 1,890 2,495 5.3 4.8 5.8
Earned doctorate171 1,280 690 595 0.9 1.0 0.8 750 365 390 0.9 0.9 0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 81,610 38,980 42,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 50,175 24,200 25,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 7,105 4,300 2,810 8.7 11.0 6.6 4,320 2,620 1,705 8.6 10.8 6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 23,115 11,720 11,395 28.3 30.1 26.7 13,840 7,210 6,630 27.6 29.8 25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 51,395 22,965 28,430 63.0 58.9 66.7 32,020 14,370 17,645 63.8 59.4 67.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 30,305 14,405 15,905 37.1 37.0 37.3 17,685 8,365 9,315 35.2 34.6 35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 8,670 6,290 2,385 10.6 16.1 5.6 4,830 3,440 1,390 9.6 14.2 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 3,510 1,860 1,650 4.3 4.8 3.9 2,015 1,100 920 4.0 4.5 3.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 5,165 4,430 735 6.3 11.4 1.7 2,815 2,340 475 5.6 9.7 1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 17,405 6,725 10,680 21.3 17.3 25.0 10,010 3,925 6,080 20.0 16.2 23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 4,235 1,390 2,840 5.2 3.6 6.7 2,845 995 1,845 5.7 4.1 7.1
Bachelor's degree or higher 21,085 8,560 12,525 25.8 22.0 29.4 14,335 6,010 8,330 28.6 24.8 32.1
Bachelor's degree 13,440 5,400 8,040 16.5 13.9 18.9 9,115 3,800 5,310 18.2 15.7 20.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,575 670 900 1.9 1.7 2.1 1,090 495 600 2.2 2.0 2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 680 355 325 0.8 0.9 0.8 430 205 225 0.9 0.8 0.9
Master's degree 4,715 1,845 2,870 5.8 4.7 6.7 3,220 1,310 1,905 6.4 5.4 7.3
Earned doctorate171 680 285 390 0.8 0.7 0.9 480 195 285 1.0 0.8 1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 63,030 31,095 31,930 43.6 44.7 42.5 36,480 18,195 18,290 44.0 45.8 42.4
Education 6,780 1,755 5,025 4.7 2.5 6.7 3,635 1,010 2,630 4.4 2.5 6.1
13. Education 6,780 1,755 5,025 4.7 2.5 6.7 3,635 1,010 2,630 4.4 2.5 6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,965 1,190 1,780 2.0 1.7 2.4 1,720 690 1,030 2.1 1.7 2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 280 210 70 0.2 0.3 0.1 130 95 40 0.2 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 2,685 975 1,705 1.9 1.4 2.3 1,590 600 990 1.9 1.5 2.3
Humanities 3,570 1,440 2,130 2.5 2.1 2.8 2,165 890 1,265 2.6 2.2 2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 250 65 185 0.2 0.1 0.2 170 45 125 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 1,100 390 705 0.8 0.6 0.9 690 255 435 0.8 0.6 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 970 305 665 0.7 0.4 0.9 560 190 375 0.7 0.5 0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 85 25 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 45 0 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 230 140 90 0.2 0.2 0.1 170 100 65 0.2 0.3 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 345 185 155 0.2 0.3 0.2 205 100 105 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 495 285 210 0.3 0.4 0.3 265 175 95 0.3 0.4 0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 100 35 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 8,275 2,930 5,340 5.7 4.2 7.1 4,900 1,740 3,165 5.9 4.4 7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 190 40 150 0.1 0.1 0.2 115 10 105 0.1 0.0 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 730 295 435 0.5 0.4 0.6 420 185 240 0.5 0.5 0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,530 160 1,375 1.1 0.2 1.8 925 130 795 1.1 0.3 1.8
22. Legal professions and studies 1,155 385 780 0.8 0.6 1.0 645 220 420 0.8 0.6 1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 220 65 155 0.2 0.1 0.2 135 40 100 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 1,620 500 1,115 1.1 0.7 1.5 920 285 640 1.1 0.7 1.5
45. Social sciences 2,825 1,485 1,340 2.0 2.1 1.8 1,740 875 865 2.1 2.2 2.0
Business, management and public administration 15,535 5,595 9,935 10.7 8.0 13.2 9,220 3,430 5,795 11.1 8.6 13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 1,375 270 1,100 1.0 0.4 1.5 860 180 680 1.0 0.5 1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 14,140 5,315 8,820 9.8 7.6 11.7 8,355 3,245 5,110 10.1 8.2 11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies 3,045 1,675 1,370 2.1 2.4 1.8 1,705 900 805 2.1 2.3 1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,545 780 765 1.1 1.1 1.0 905 450 460 1.1 1.1 1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 515 245 270 0.4 0.4 0.4 285 155 130 0.3 0.4 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 795 570 225 0.5 0.8 0.3 400 250 150 0.5 0.6 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 135 65 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,255 1,425 830 1.6 2.0 1.1 1,390 945 445 1.7 2.4 1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,685 1,190 500 1.2 1.7 0.7 1,060 805 255 1.3 2.0 0.6
25. Library science 235 35 195 0.2 0.1 0.3 140 25 115 0.2 0.1 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 310 180 120 0.2 0.3 0.2 180 110 70 0.2 0.3 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 16,240 15,240 1,000 11.2 21.9 1.3 8,415 7,765 645 10.2 19.5 1.5
04. Architecture and related services 405 275 135 0.3 0.4 0.2 230 140 95 0.3 0.4 0.2
14. Engineering 2,415 2,120 295 1.7 3.0 0.4 1,385 1,175 210 1.7 3.0 0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 3,240 2,920 325 2.2 4.2 0.4 1,700 1,530 170 2.1 3.8 0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 4,685 4,570 115 3.2 6.6 0.2 2,420 2,325 95 2.9 5.8 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 3,515 3,425 95 2.4 4.9 0.1 1,765 1,715 50 2.1 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 1,960 1,920 35 1.4 2.8 0.0 910 890 20 1.1 2.2 0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2,800 1,710 1,085 1.9 2.5 1.4 1,410 900 510 1.7 2.3 1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 1,435 665 765 1.0 1.0 1.0 665 320 340 0.8 0.8 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 1,365 1,045 320 0.9 1.5 0.4 750 580 170 0.9 1.5 0.4
Health and related fields 14,520 2,585 11,935 10.0 3.7 15.9 8,610 1,645 6,965 10.4 4.1 16.1
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 905 390 515 0.6 0.6 0.7 560 275 280 0.7 0.7 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 13,235 1,950 11,290 9.1 2.8 15.0 7,830 1,220 6,610 9.4 3.1 15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 330 235 95 0.2 0.3 0.1 185 135 55 0.2 0.3 0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services 5,690 2,965 2,725 3.9 4.3 3.6 3,245 1,650 1,595 3.9 4.1 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 3,545 1,085 2,455 2.4 1.6 3.3 2,125 690 1,435 2.6 1.7 3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 45 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 45 40 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 35 35 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 575 415 160 0.4 0.6 0.2 320 220 100 0.4 0.6 0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,485 1,385 90 1.0 2.0 0.1 745 685 60 0.9 1.7 0.1
Other179 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 81,615 38,980 42,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 50,180 24,195 25,975 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 30,220 16,020 14,205 37.0 41.1 33.3 18,160 9,830 8,335 36.2 40.6 32.1
Education 3,465 855 2,610 4.2 2.2 6.1 2,190 585 1,610 4.4 2.4 6.2
13. Education 3,465 855 2,610 4.2 2.2 6.1 2,190 585 1,610 4.4 2.4 6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,110 815 1,295 2.6 2.1 3.0 1,335 540 795 2.7 2.2 3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 170 120 55 0.2 0.3 0.1 75 55 25 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 1,940 700 1,240 2.4 1.8 2.9 1,255 485 770 2.5 2.0 3.0
Humanities 2,105 820 1,285 2.6 2.1 3.0 1,450 590 860 2.9 2.4 3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 145 35 110 0.2 0.1 0.3 100 25 75 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 640 215 425 0.8 0.6 1.0 470 170 300 0.9 0.7 1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 590 185 415 0.7 0.5 1.0 405 140 260 0.8 0.6 1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 140 85 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 115 65 50 0.2 0.3 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 180 95 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 60 55 0.2 0.2 0.2
54. History 300 170 130 0.4 0.4 0.3 185 115 70 0.4 0.5 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 5,665 1,795 3,870 6.9 4.6 9.1 3,655 1,185 2,470 7.3 4.9 9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 160 35 130 0.2 0.1 0.3 105 0 100 0.2 0.0 0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 560 205 355 0.7 0.5 0.8 335 130 210 0.7 0.5 0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,130 130 1,000 1.4 0.3 2.3 740 100 635 1.5 0.4 2.4
22. Legal professions and studies 730 190 540 0.9 0.5 1.3 415 120 295 0.8 0.5 1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 165 40 125 0.2 0.1 0.3 110 30 80 0.2 0.1 0.3
42. Psychology 1,010 270 745 1.2 0.7 1.7 625 180 440 1.2 0.7 1.7
45. Social sciences 1,910 920 985 2.3 2.4 2.3 1,330 615 710 2.7 2.5 2.7
Business, management and public administration 10,030 3,455 6,570 12.3 8.9 15.4 6,480 2,435 4,040 12.9 10.1 15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 885 145 735 1.1 0.4 1.7 600 115 480 1.2 0.5 1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 9,130 3,305 5,825 11.2 8.5 13.7 5,880 2,320 3,560 11.7 9.6 13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,845 860 990 2.3 2.2 2.3 1,180 575 605 2.4 2.4 2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 975 425 550 1.2 1.1 1.3 645 300 345 1.3 1.2 1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 345 155 195 0.4 0.4 0.5 200 110 90 0.4 0.5 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 425 245 180 0.5 0.6 0.4 275 145 125 0.5 0.6 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 55 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 1,570 1,050 525 1.9 2.7 1.2 1,025 725 295 2.0 3.0 1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,330 965 370 1.6 2.5 0.9 845 665 175 1.7 2.7 0.7
25. Library science 120 15 95 0.1 0.0 0.2 85 15 70 0.2 0.1 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 110 65 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 85 40 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 9,500 8,705 795 11.6 22.3 1.9 5,425 4,905 525 10.8 20.3 2.0
04. Architecture and related services 220 120 105 0.3 0.3 0.2 175 95 80 0.3 0.4 0.3
14. Engineering 1,350 1,120 235 1.7 2.9 0.6 940 765 175 1.9 3.2 0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,790 1,550 250 2.2 4.0 0.6 1,015 890 130 2.0 3.7 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 2,970 2,870 100 3.6 7.4 0.2 1,670 1,580 90 3.3 6.5 0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2,030 1,955 75 2.5 5.0 0.2 1,080 1,040 35 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 1,120 1,090 30 1.4 2.8 0.1 550 530 20 1.1 2.2 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,880 1,010 870 2.3 2.6 2.0 1,050 605 435 2.1 2.5 1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 980 385 595 1.2 1.0 1.4 485 205 280 1.0 0.8 1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation 900 620 275 1.1 1.6 0.6 555 400 155 1.1 1.7 0.6
Health and related fields 9,455 1,755 7,705 11.6 4.5 18.1 6,055 1,200 4,850 12.1 5.0 18.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 605 255 350 0.7 0.7 0.8 390 195 195 0.8 0.8 0.8
51. Health professions and related programs178 8,615 1,380 7,235 10.6 3.5 17.0 5,520 935 4,580 11.0 3.9 17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 45 0 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 195 115 85 0.2 0.3 0.2 115 70 45 0.2 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 3,755 1,845 1,915 4.6 4.7 4.5 2,185 1,025 1,165 4.4 4.2 4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2,400 700 1,695 2.9 1.8 4.0 1,480 445 1,035 2.9 1.8 4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 375 250 125 0.5 0.6 0.3 215 125 80 0.4 0.5 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 925 845 80 1.1 2.2 0.2 465 420 40 0.9 1.7 0.2
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 81,615 38,980 42,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 50,180 24,195 25,975 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 30,220 16,020 14,205 37.0 41.1 33.3 18,160 9,830 8,335 36.2 40.6 32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 51,395 22,960 28,430 63.0 58.9 66.7 32,020 14,375 17,645 63.8 59.4 67.9
Location of study inside Canada 45,290 20,175 25,115 55.5 51.8 58.9 27,875 12,490 15,385 55.6 51.6 59.2
Same as province or territory of residence 34,240 15,095 19,145 42.0 38.7 44.9 21,430 9,465 11,960 42.7 39.1 46.0
Different than province or territory of residence 11,050 5,080 5,970 13.5 13.0 14.0 6,445 3,025 3,425 12.8 12.5 13.2
Location of study outside Canada182 6,100 2,785 3,315 7.5 7.1 7.8 4,145 1,885 2,260 8.3 7.8 8.7
Americas 1,420 710 715 1.7 1.8 1.7 840 410 430 1.7 1.7 1.7
United States of America 1,195 630 565 1.5 1.6 1.3 685 350 335 1.4 1.4 1.3
Mexico 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuba 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
Colombia 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
Peru 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1
Europe 1,735 880 850 2.1 2.3 2.0 940 515 425 1.9 2.1 1.6
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 60 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germany 160 60 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 30 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Hungary 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ukraine 60 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ireland96 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 980 520 455 1.2 1.3 1.1 495 275 220 1.0 1.1 0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 160 85 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 120 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.3
Africa 275 140 135 0.3 0.4 0.3 200 100 100 0.4 0.4 0.4
Nigeria 45 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 185 95 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 120 65 55 0.2 0.3 0.2
Other locations of study in Africa 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
Asia 2,415 880 1,530 3.0 2.3 3.6 2,030 775 1,260 4.0 3.2 4.9
Iran88 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.2
Iraq 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 35 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 40 20 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 615 230 385 0.8 0.6 0.9 550 205 345 1.1 0.8 1.3
Taiwan 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 30 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hong Kong91 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 135 20 115 0.2 0.1 0.3 105 10 95 0.2 0.0 0.4
Korea, South92 205 85 125 0.3 0.2 0.3 170 75 95 0.3 0.3 0.4
Philippines 595 200 395 0.7 0.5 0.9 480 190 285 1.0 0.8 1.1
Viet Nam 55 15 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 50 15 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladesh 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 420 180 240 0.5 0.5 0.6 390 165 225 0.8 0.7 0.9
Pakistan 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 120 45 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 105 45 60 0.2 0.2 0.2
Oceania 255 175 85 0.3 0.4 0.2 130 80 45 0.3 0.3 0.2
Australia 180 120 55 0.2 0.3 0.1 80 50 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
New Zealand 70 50 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 144,710 69,605 75,105 ... ... ... 82,905 39,760 43,145 ... ... ...
In the labour force 78,990 40,210 38,780 ... ... ... 49,970 25,260 24,715 ... ... ...
Employed 72,345 36,685 35,660 ... ... ... 45,770 23,110 22,665 ... ... ...
Unemployed 6,645 3,520 3,125 ... ... ... 4,200 2,150 2,050 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 65,720 29,395 36,325 ... ... ... 32,935 14,500 18,430 ... ... ...
Participation rate 54.6 57.8 51.6 54.6 57.8 51.6 60.3 63.5 57.3 60.3 63.5 57.3
Employment rate 50.0 52.7 47.5 50.0 52.7 47.5 55.2 58.1 52.5 55.2 58.1 52.5
Unemployment rate 8.4 8.8 8.1 8.4 8.8 8.1 8.4 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 144,710 69,605 75,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 82,905 39,760 43,145 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 64,870 28,875 36,000 44.8 41.5 47.9 33,055 14,595 18,460 39.9 36.7 42.8
Worked 79,835 40,730 39,105 55.2 58.5 52.1 49,855 25,170 24,685 60.1 63.3 57.2
Worked full year full time187 37,630 20,945 16,680 26.0 30.1 22.2 24,475 13,395 11,080 29.5 33.7 25.7
Worked part year and/or part time188 42,210 19,785 22,425 29.2 28.4 29.9 25,380 11,775 13,600 30.6 29.6 31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.4 40.9 39.9 40.4 40.9 39.9 41.0 41.5 40.4 41.0 41.5 40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 78,990 40,210 38,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,975 25,260 24,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 1,565 775 785 2.0 1.9 2.0 1,040 520 520 2.1 2.1 2.1
All classes of workers191 77,425 39,430 37,995 98.0 98.1 98.0 48,935 24,740 24,195 97.9 97.9 97.9
Employee 61,690 30,410 31,275 78.1 75.6 80.7 40,770 20,120 20,650 81.6 79.7 83.6
Permanent position 51,775 25,875 25,900 65.5 64.3 66.8 34,345 17,170 17,175 68.7 68.0 69.5
Temporary position 9,915 4,540 5,375 12.6 11.3 13.9 6,425 2,955 3,475 12.9 11.7 14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 2,450 1,030 1,415 3.1 2.6 3.6 1,660 730 935 3.3 2.9 3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 7,465 3,510 3,955 9.5 8.7 10.2 4,765 2,225 2,540 9.5 8.8 10.3
Self-employed192 15,740 9,020 6,715 19.9 22.4 17.3 8,170 4,620 3,545 16.3 18.3 14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 78,990 40,210 38,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,975 25,260 24,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 1,565 775 785 2.0 1.9 2.0 1,040 520 520 2.1 2.1 2.1
All occupations191 77,425 39,430 37,995 98.0 98.1 98.0 48,935 24,740 24,195 97.9 97.9 97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 740 500 240 0.9 1.2 0.6 415 265 150 0.8 1.0 0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 11,235 2,825 8,405 14.2 7.0 21.7 7,090 1,880 5,210 14.2 7.4 21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 4,760 3,570 1,190 6.0 8.9 3.1 3,145 2,320 825 6.3 9.2 3.3
3 Health occupations 7,380 1,540 5,840 9.3 3.8 15.1 4,885 1,055 3,830 9.8 4.2 15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 8,840 2,905 5,930 11.2 7.2 15.3 5,985 1,990 3,995 12.0 7.9 16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2,615 1,110 1,505 3.3 2.8 3.9 1,530 680 845 3.1 2.7 3.4
6 Sales and service occupations 22,205 9,615 12,585 28.1 23.9 32.5 14,775 6,695 8,075 29.6 26.5 32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 15,200 13,910 1,290 19.2 34.6 3.3 8,805 8,040 765 17.6 31.8 3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 2,500 1,820 680 3.2 4.5 1.8 1,170 885 285 2.3 3.5 1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 1,960 1,635 320 2.5 4.1 0.8 1,135 925 215 2.3 3.7 0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 78,990 40,210 38,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,975 25,260 24,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 1,565 775 785 2.0 1.9 2.0 1,040 520 520 2.1 2.1 2.1
All industries191 77,425 39,430 37,995 98.0 98.1 98.0 48,935 24,740 24,195 97.9 97.9 97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,990 1,385 610 2.5 3.4 1.6 1,010 730 275 2.0 2.9 1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 465 435 30 0.6 1.1 0.1 265 250 10 0.5 1.0 0.0
22 Utilities 365 340 35 0.5 0.8 0.1 210 185 20 0.4 0.7 0.1
23 Construction 8,375 7,190 1,185 10.6 17.9 3.1 4,515 3,870 640 9.0 15.3 2.6
31-33 Manufacturing 2,965 2,285 685 3.8 5.7 1.8 1,720 1,300 425 3.4 5.1 1.7
41 Wholesale trade 1,665 1,210 460 2.1 3.0 1.2 1,095 820 275 2.2 3.2 1.1
44-45 Retail trade 10,690 5,125 5,565 13.5 12.7 14.4 7,005 3,515 3,490 14.0 13.9 14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 3,895 2,945 950 4.9 7.3 2.5 2,530 1,980 550 5.1 7.8 2.2
51 Information and cultural industries 1,385 785 600 1.8 2.0 1.5 945 570 375 1.9 2.3 1.5
52 Finance and insurance 2,275 840 1,440 2.9 2.1 3.7 1,660 625 1,030 3.3 2.5 4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1,705 845 860 2.2 2.1 2.2 1,060 525 535 2.1 2.1 2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 5,430 2,940 2,490 6.9 7.3 6.4 3,205 1,760 1,440 6.4 7.0 5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 3,890 2,155 1,735 4.9 5.4 4.5 2,430 1,310 1,115 4.9 5.2 4.5
61 Educational services 5,220 1,680 3,540 6.6 4.2 9.1 3,680 1,235 2,440 7.4 4.9 9.9
62 Health care and social assistance 12,065 2,490 9,575 15.3 6.2 24.7 8,060 1,720 6,335 16.1 6.8 25.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1,610 775 830 2.0 1.9 2.1 840 380 460 1.7 1.5 1.9
72 Accommodation and food services 5,670 2,515 3,155 7.2 6.3 8.1 3,920 1,795 2,125 7.8 7.1 8.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 3,740 1,585 2,155 4.7 3.9 5.6 2,260 935 1,325 4.5 3.7 5.4
91 Public administration 3,910 1,855 2,060 4.9 4.6 5.3 2,470 1,185 1,285 4.9 4.7 5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 86,375 43,860 42,515 100.0 100.0 100.0 53,875 27,200 26,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 84,500 43,085 41,410 97.8 98.2 97.4 52,470 26,580 25,890 97.4 97.7 97.0
French 105 15 95 0.1 0.0 0.2 75 10 65 0.1 0.0 0.2
Non-official language 230 135 95 0.3 0.3 0.2 210 120 85 0.4 0.4 0.3
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 230 135 95 0.3 0.3 0.2 210 120 85 0.4 0.4 0.3
English and French 650 245 410 0.8 0.6 1.0 415 170 245 0.8 0.6 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 830 350 480 1.0 0.8 1.1 665 295 370 1.2 1.1 1.4
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 30 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 86,375 43,860 42,515 100.0 100.0 100.0 53,875 27,200 26,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 86,195 43,770 42,425 99.8 99.8 99.8 53,730 27,115 26,610 99.7 99.7 99.7
Official languages 85,840 43,590 42,245 99.4 99.4 99.4 53,420 26,955 26,470 99.2 99.1 99.2
English 85,595 43,545 42,045 99.1 99.3 98.9 53,250 26,920 26,330 98.8 99.0 98.7
French 245 45 205 0.3 0.1 0.5 175 35 135 0.3 0.1 0.5
Non-official languages 360 180 175 0.4 0.4 0.4 300 160 145 0.6 0.6 0.5
Indigenous languages39 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 355 180 175 0.4 0.4 0.4 300 160 145 0.6 0.6 0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 65 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 30 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 65 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 55 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
Chinese languages 105 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 55 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 55 30 0.2 0.2 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 185 95 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 150 80 65 0.3 0.3 0.2
English and French 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 140 70 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 120 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 86,375 43,860 42,515 100.0 100.0 100.0 53,875 27,200 26,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 84,990 43,305 41,685 98.4 98.7 98.0 52,885 26,770 26,110 98.2 98.4 97.9
English 270 80 190 0.3 0.2 0.4 195 70 125 0.4 0.3 0.5
French 490 200 285 0.6 0.5 0.7 300 125 170 0.6 0.5 0.6
Non-official language 540 230 310 0.6 0.5 0.7 435 185 250 0.8 0.7 0.9
Indigenous39 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 460 190 270 0.5 0.4 0.6 385 165 220 0.7 0.6 0.8
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 30 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 35 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 72,345 36,685 35,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 45,770 23,105 22,665 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 13,605 5,925 7,675 18.8 16.2 21.5 8,100 3,470 4,630 17.7 15.0 20.4
Worked outside Canada 80 70 15 0.1 0.2 0.0 55 40 15 0.1 0.2 0.1
No fixed workplace address 13,060 9,725 3,335 18.1 26.5 9.4 7,680 5,710 1,970 16.8 24.7 8.7
Usual place of work 45,595 20,965 24,630 63.0 57.1 69.1 29,935 13,890 16,050 65.4 60.1 70.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 45,595 20,965 24,630 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,935 13,885 16,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 30,355 13,315 17,045 66.6 63.5 69.2 25,360 11,165 14,190 84.7 80.4 88.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 11,250 5,150 6,100 24.7 24.6 24.8 2,430 1,315 1,110 8.1 9.5 6.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 3,615 2,190 1,425 7.9 10.4 5.8 1,980 1,260 715 6.6 9.1 4.5
Commute to a different province or territory 380 315 65 0.8 1.5 0.3 170 140 35 0.6 1.0 0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 58,660 30,690 27,965 100.0 100.0 100.0 37,620 19,600 18,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 51,355 26,915 24,440 87.5 87.7 87.4 32,640 17,040 15,595 86.8 86.9 86.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver 47,895 25,365 22,525 81.6 82.6 80.5 30,370 16,055 14,320 80.7 81.9 79.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 3,460 1,550 1,910 5.9 5.1 6.8 2,265 990 1,275 6.0 5.1 7.1
Public transit 1,750 810 935 3.0 2.6 3.3 1,520 685 835 4.0 3.5 4.6
Walked 3,130 1,410 1,720 5.3 4.6 6.2 1,975 925 1,045 5.2 4.7 5.8
Bicycle 810 565 250 1.4 1.8 0.9 525 360 165 1.4 1.8 0.9
Other method 1,615 995 620 2.8 3.2 2.2 960 585 380 2.6 3.0 2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 58,660 30,690 27,965 100.0 100.0 100.0 37,620 19,600 18,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 25,335 11,730 13,600 43.2 38.2 48.6 17,275 8,015 9,260 45.9 40.9 51.4
15 to 29 minutes 21,040 11,060 9,975 35.9 36.0 35.7 13,555 7,165 6,395 36.0 36.6 35.5
30 to 44 minutes 7,190 4,230 2,960 12.3 13.8 10.6 3,905 2,390 1,520 10.4 12.2 8.4
45 to 59 minutes 2,100 1,375 725 3.6 4.5 2.6 1,115 710 405 3.0 3.6 2.2
60 minutes and over 2,995 2,290 700 5.1 7.5 2.5 1,760 1,320 440 4.7 6.7 2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 58,660 30,690 27,965 100.0 100.0 100.0 37,620 19,600 18,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 3,025 2,185 840 5.2 7.1 3.0 1,920 1,415 500 5.1 7.2 2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 7,945 5,145 2,800 13.5 16.8 10.0 4,795 3,185 1,610 12.7 16.3 8.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 15,500 8,510 6,985 26.4 27.7 25.0 10,080 5,340 4,740 26.8 27.2 26.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 14,390 6,340 8,045 24.5 20.7 28.8 9,110 4,030 5,080 24.2 20.6 28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 9,040 3,750 5,300 15.4 12.2 19.0 5,615 2,360 3,255 14.9 12.0 18.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 8,755 4,760 4,000 14.9 15.5 14.3 6,105 3,270 2,835 16.2 16.7 15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 26,455 13,565 12,890 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,240 8,890 8,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,870 950 920 7.1 7.0 7.1 1,365 690 675 7.9 7.8 8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 24,585 12,620 11,970 92.9 93.0 92.9 15,875 8,200 7,670 92.1 92.2 91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 19,965 10,270 9,690 100.0 100.0 100.0 12,875 6,615 6,260 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,485 755 730 7.4 7.4 7.5 1,080 540 540 8.4 8.2 8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 745 360 385 3.7 3.5 4.0 605 280 325 4.7 4.2 5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 745 400 345 3.7 3.9 3.6 470 260 215 3.7 3.9 3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 18,480 9,520 8,960 92.6 92.7 92.5 11,800 6,075 5,720 91.7 91.8 91.4

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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