Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nanaimo, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division] Remove						CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	170,367	...	...	...	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	155,698	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	80,056	...	...	...	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	75,273	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	83.7	...	...	83.7	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,035.93	...	...	...	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	170,365	82,385	87,980	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,520	10,980	10,535	12.6	13.3	12.0	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	16.3	16.9	15.6
0 to 4 years	6,030	3,060	2,970	3.5	3.7	3.4	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	7,510	3,830	3,685	4.4	4.6	4.2	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	5.6	5.8	5.3
10 to 14 years	7,980	4,100	3,885	4.7	5.0	4.4	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	97,835	47,580	50,255	57.4	57.8	57.1	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	64.8	65.4	64.2
15 to 19 years	7,270	3,795	3,470	4.3	4.6	3.9	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	7,775	4,075	3,700	4.6	4.9	4.2	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	6.0	6.2	5.7
25 to 29 years	8,440	4,350	4,090	5.0	5.3	4.6	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	6.5	6.7	6.4
30 to 34 years	9,110	4,455	4,660	5.3	5.4	5.3	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	6.8	6.9	6.7
35 to 39 years	9,900	4,835	5,060	5.8	5.9	5.8	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	9,185	4,475	4,710	5.4	5.4	5.4	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	6.5	6.5	6.5
45 to 49 years	9,085	4,415	4,670	5.3	5.4	5.3	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	10,020	4,700	5,320	5.9	5.7	6.0	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	12,510	5,815	6,700	7.3	7.1	7.6	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	7.2	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	14,545	6,665	7,875	8.5	8.1	9.0	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	7.0	6.9	7.0
65 years and over	51,015	23,820	27,190	29.9	28.9	30.9	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	19.0	17.7	20.2
65 to 69 years	15,280	7,120	8,160	9.0	8.6	9.3	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	6.0	5.8	6.1
70 to 74 years	14,090	6,600	7,490	8.3	8.0	8.5	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	5.0	4.8	5.2
75 to 79 years	9,730	4,720	5,005	5.7	5.7	5.7	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	3.4	3.2	3.6
80 to 84 years	6,115	2,965	3,150	3.6	3.6	3.6	840,545	370,905	469,645	2.3	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	5,800	2,410	3,385	3.4	2.9	3.8	861,395	319,540	541,860	2.3	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	3,605	1,585	2,020	2.1	1.9	2.3	525,445	212,735	312,705	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,685	680	1,010	1.0	0.8	1.1	258,035	87,300	170,735	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	440	125	310	0.3	0.2	0.4	68,380	17,670	50,715	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1	9,535	1,830	7,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.3	12.0	12.6	13.3	12.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	57.4	57.8	57.1	57.4	57.8	57.1	64.8	65.4	64.2	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	29.9	28.9	30.9	29.9	28.9	30.9	19.0	17.7	20.2	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	3.4	2.9	3.8	3.4	2.9	3.8	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	48.0	47.0	48.9	48.0	47.0	48.9	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	51.6	50.0	52.8	51.6	50.0	52.8	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	47,635	...	...	63.3	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,250	...	...	4.3	...	...	746,560	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	3,230	...	...	4.3	...	...	980,110	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,660	...	...	8.8	...	...	821,490	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,825	...	...	13.1	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	18.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,500	...	...	2.0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	10.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.2	...	...	34,880	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,025	...	...	4.0	...	...	189,420	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,415	...	...	29.8	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	32,110	...	...	42.7	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	9,500	...	...	12.6	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	7,240	...	...	9.6	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,000	...	...	5.3	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	166,170	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	148,850	71,400	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	88,465	44,160	44,305	59.4	61.8	57.2	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	56.9	58.2	55.6
Married	70,565	35,255	35,315	47.4	49.4	45.6	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	44.3	45.3	43.3
Living common-law	17,900	8,905	8,990	12.0	12.5	11.6	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	12.6	12.9	12.3
Living common law - Never married	11,600	5,830	5,770	7.8	8.2	7.5	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	9.6	9.8	9.4
Living common law - Separated	700	360	335	0.5	0.5	0.4	123,830	65,045	58,785	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	4,985	2,475	2,510	3.3	3.5	3.2	721,715	365,760	355,950	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	615	235	380	0.4	0.3	0.5	87,165	36,860	50,300	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	60,380	27,245	33,140	40.6	38.2	42.8	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	43.1	41.8	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,000	18,590	15,415	22.8	26.0	19.9	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	29.1	32.2	26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,125	1,790	2,330	2.8	2.5	3.0	741,135	319,045	422,090	2.4	2.1	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	12,370	4,630	7,740	8.3	6.5	10.0	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	6.2	5.0	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,885	2,235	7,655	6.6	3.1	9.9	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	5.4	2.4	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	33,125	...	...	65.6	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	51.7	...	...
3 persons	8,525	...	...	16.9	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	6,555	...	...	13.0	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,335	...	...	4.6	...	...	855,960	...	...	8.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	50,535	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	43,130	...	...	85.3	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	34,190	...	...	67.7	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	64.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,110	...	...	24.0	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	33.9	...	...
Without children	22,075	...	...	43.7	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30.6	...	...
Common-law couples	8,940	...	...	17.7	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,770	...	...	5.5	...	...	808,645	...	...	7.9	...	...
Without children	6,175	...	...	12.2	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,405	...	...	14.7	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,640	...	...	11.2	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,765	...	...	3.5	...	...	383,670	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	166,165	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	130,420	64,410	66,010	78.5	80.0	77.1	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	81.1	81.5	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	86,260	43,025	43,235	51.9	53.4	50.5	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	47.2	47.8	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	7,400	1,760	5,640	4.5	2.2	6.6	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	4.6	2.1	7.1
Children⁶	36,755	19,620	17,135	22.1	24.4	20.0	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	29.3	31.5	27.1
In a two-parent family	26,020	13,830	12,195	15.7	17.2	14.2	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	22.1	23.6	20.6
In a one-parent family	10,735	5,790	4,940	6.5	7.2	5.8	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	7.2	7.9	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,745	16,145	19,605	21.5	20.0	22.9	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	18.9	18.5	19.2
Living alone	22,420	9,315	13,105	13.5	11.6	15.3	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	12.1	11.4	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	3,730	1,570	2,160	2.2	1.9	2.5	927,345	393,085	534,260	2.6	2.2	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	9,600	5,265	4,340	5.8	6.5	5.1	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	75,270	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	44,100	...	...	58.6	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	38,570	...	...	51.2	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	12,975	...	...	17.2	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	25,600	...	...	34.0	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	25.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,530	...	...	7.3	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,610	...	...	2.1	...	...	441,745	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	550	...	...	0.7	...	...	94,235	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,925	...	...	3.9	...	...	450,415	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,665	...	...	4.9	...	...	663,835	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	22,420	...	...	29.8	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	144,705	69,600	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	141,565	68,025	73,545	97.8	97.7	97.9	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	35,600	39,200	44,800	35,600	41,200	46,400	36,800	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	141,645	68,070	73,575	97.9	97.8	98.0	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	96.4	96.4	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,800	36,000	40,400	32,800	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	127,130	61,725	65,405	87.9	88.7	87.1	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	85.9	87.5	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,000	25,400	31,000	38,000	25,400	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,745	44,590	44,155	61.3	64.1	58.8	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	69.6	73.4	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,400	27,800	32,400	38,400	27,800	37,200	43,200	32,000	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,255	56,420	65,835	84.5	81.1	87.7	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	83.7	81.2	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	13,300	13,200	13,200	13,300	13,200	9,800	8,500	11,000	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,065	5,800	6,260	8.3	8.3	8.3	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	10.5	10.4	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,400	16,045	18,350	23.8	23.1	24.4	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	27.6	27.9	27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	141,470	67,995	73,480	97.8	97.7	97.8	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	56,450	42,560	49,240	56,450	42,560	54,450	62,650	46,560	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	141,550	68,030	73,520	97.8	97.7	97.9	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	96.4	96.4	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	47,840	37,600	42,520	47,840	37,600	44,920	50,320	39,680	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	126,880	61,560	65,320	87.7	88.4	87.0	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	85.9	87.6	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	51,080	34,800	42,720	51,080	34,800	50,240	59,500	41,000	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,745	44,765	43,980	61.3	64.3	58.6	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	69.6	73.4	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	50,000	35,800	42,960	50,000	35,800	50,280	58,050	42,000	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,110	56,400	65,710	84.4	81.0	87.5	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	83.7	81.2	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,660	12,290	12,980	12,660	12,290	12,980	11,170	10,180	12,060	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,005	5,770	6,235	8.3	8.3	8.3	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	10.5	10.4	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,250	6,600	6,430	6,250	6,600	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,255	15,915	18,340	23.7	22.9	24.4	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	27.5	27.8	27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	8,770	9,210	9,010	8,770	9,210	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,205	20,010	16,190	25.0	28.7	21.6	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	32.7	37.0	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,000	53,600	59,600	65,000	53,600	63,600	69,000	58,000	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	74,600	59,550	67,900	74,600	59,550	77,200	85,400	67,000	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,895	18,025	20,870	26.9	25.9	27.8	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	27.8	26.8	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,600	16,800	18,800	21,600	16,800	18,400	21,000	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280	35,200	24,180	29,280	35,200	24,180	29,160	33,960	24,860	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8	82.0	72.8	77.8	82.0	72.8	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.8	58.3	50.4	54.8	58.3	50.4	66.8	70.6	61.7	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.2	18.0	27.3	22.2	18.0	27.3	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.5	7.0	5.7	4.5	7.0	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	144,705	69,600	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,140	1,580	1,560	2.2	2.3	2.1	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	3.6	3.7	3.5
With total income	141,570	68,020	73,545	97.8	97.7	97.9	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,495	4,575	5,915	7.4	6.7	8.0	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	8.3	7.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	17,395	6,885	10,510	12.3	10.1	14.3	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	11.8	10.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	23,835	9,970	13,865	16.8	14.7	18.9	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	15.9	14.1	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	20,165	8,745	11,415	14.2	12.9	15.5	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	12.7	11.5	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	17,380	7,945	9,435	12.3	11.7	12.8	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	11.3	10.7	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	13,375	6,405	6,970	9.4	9.4	9.5	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	9.2	9.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	10,055	5,420	4,635	7.1	8.0	6.3	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	7.1	7.6	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,430	4,250	3,175	5.2	6.2	4.3	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5.4	6.2	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,490	3,260	2,235	3.9	4.8	3.0	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	4.2	4.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,035	2,440	1,595	2.9	3.6	2.2	965,950	553,435	412,510	3.3	3.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	11,920	8,130	3,795	8.4	12.0	5.2	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	10.8	14.5	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	8,390	5,520	2,870	5.9	8.1	3.9	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	7.2	9.2	5.2
$150,000 and over	3,530	2,610	920	2.5	3.8	1.3	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	3.6	5.3	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	144,705	69,600	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,060	1,530	1,530	2.1	2.2	2.0	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	3.6	3.6	3.5
With after-tax income	141,645	68,070	73,575	97.9	97.8	98.0	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	96.4	96.4	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,250	4,790	6,460	7.9	7.0	8.8	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	8.8	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	18,085	7,140	10,940	12.8	10.5	14.9	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	12.3	10.6	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	26,830	11,380	15,450	18.9	16.7	21.0	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	18.1	16.2	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	23,090	10,235	12,855	16.3	15.0	17.5	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	15.2	14.2	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	19,070	8,970	10,105	13.5	13.2	13.7	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	13.0	12.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	13,665	7,085	6,585	9.6	10.4	9.0	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	9.7	10.3	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	9,480	5,430	4,050	6.7	8.0	5.5	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	6.9	7.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,525	3,915	2,605	4.6	5.8	3.5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	4.9	5.7	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,480	2,755	1,725	3.2	4.0	2.3	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,850	1,845	1,005	2.0	2.7	1.4	643,700	402,325	241,380	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	6,325	4,530	1,795	4.5	6.7	2.4	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	5.5	7.7	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430	2,395	1,035	2.4	3.5	1.4	792,455	530,970	261,490	2.7	3.7	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,895	2,140	755	2.0	3.1	1.0	804,335	578,645	225,695	2.7	4.0	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	144,705	69,600	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	55,965	25,010	30,955	38.7	35.9	41.2	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	30.4	26.6	33.9
With employment income	88,740	44,595	44,150	61.3	64.1	58.8	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	69.6	73.4	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,955	7,185	7,765	16.9	16.1	17.6	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	14.0	13.3	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	7,445	3,200	4,240	8.4	7.2	9.6	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	8.2	7.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,850	4,745	6,105	12.2	10.6	13.8	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	11.8	10.3	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	9,005	3,965	5,040	10.1	8.9	11.4	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	9.3	8.3	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,550	3,875	4,675	9.6	8.7	10.6	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	9.0	8.3	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,725	3,655	4,075	8.7	8.2	9.2	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	8.8	8.3	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,725	3,240	3,490	7.6	7.3	7.9	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	7.8	7.7	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,365	2,990	2,375	6.0	6.7	5.4	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	6.5	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,265	2,545	1,720	4.8	5.7	3.9	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	5.2	5.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,415	2,005	1,410	3.8	4.5	3.2	929,490	539,395	390,095	4.4	4.9	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	1,665	1,115	3.1	3.7	2.5	760,035	439,505	320,530	3.6	4.0	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,670	5,515	2,150	8.6	12.4	4.9	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	11.4	15.1	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920	2,605	1,315	4.4	5.8	3.0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	5.3	6.5	4.1
$125,000 and over	3,745	2,905	840	4.2	6.5	1.9	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	6.1	8.6	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	144,705	69,600	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	138,570	66,370	72,200	95.8	95.4	96.1	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	94.3	94.0	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	32,400	37,200	44,000	32,400	39,200	45,200	34,000	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	138,820	66,425	72,395	95.9	95.4	96.4	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	94.3	94.1	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	29,600	33,600	39,200	29,600	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	126,545	61,280	65,270	87.5	88.0	86.9	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	84.7	86.3	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	27,000	32,400	39,600	27,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,030	47,365	47,665	65.7	68.1	63.5	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	70.0	73.6	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	37,200	26,800	31,200	37,200	26,800	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,830	45,325	57,505	71.1	65.1	76.6	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	76.5	73.2	79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	11,600	10,000	10,600	11,600	10,000	4,240	1,960	6,450	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,140	4,390	4,745	6.3	6.3	6.3	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	8.0	8.0	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,240	5,480	5,320	5,240	5,480	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	138,525	66,400	72,130	95.7	95.4	96.0	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	56,100	39,840	47,640	56,100	39,840	52,350	61,250	43,800	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	138,745	66,435	72,315	95.9	95.4	96.3	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	94.3	94.1	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	46,880	34,720	40,560	46,880	34,720	42,920	49,000	37,160	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	126,175	61,055	65,120	87.2	87.7	86.7	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	84.7	86.3	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	53,250	35,120	43,880	53,250	35,120	51,040	60,800	41,320	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,830	47,440	47,390	65.5	68.2	63.1	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	70.0	73.6	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880	49,760	34,040	41,880	49,760	34,040	50,560	58,800	41,800	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,660	45,245	57,415	70.9	65.0	76.4	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	76.5	73.1	79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,340	10,470	10,240	10,340	10,470	10,240	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,145	4,305	4,845	6.3	6.2	6.5	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	8.0	7.9	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,420	7,170	6,810	6,420	7,170	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,090	19,930	16,155	24.9	28.6	21.5	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	32.4	36.6	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,400	50,000	56,000	62,400	50,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,200	71,900	54,700	64,200	71,900	54,700	73,200	81,900	62,250	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,205	17,185	20,020	25.7	24.7	26.7	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	26.2	25.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	29,000	21,600	24,400	29,000	21,600	24,200	28,000	21,800	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,280	43,320	28,360	35,280	43,320	28,360	35,200	41,280	29,720	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.2	79.6	84.0	87.2	79.6	87.6	91.2	83.0	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	60.2	63.4	56.1	60.2	63.4	56.1	71.8	75.0	67.2	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	16.1	12.7	20.4	16.1	12.7	20.4	12.3	8.9	16.9	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	75,275	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,420	...	...	...	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	52,855	...	...	...	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	75,270	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,390	...	...	...	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,440	...	...	48,440	...	...	53,350	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,360	...	...	42,360	...	...	44,360	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	52,885	...	...	...	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	705	...	...	0.9	...	...	165,175	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.5	...	...	91,750	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	625	...	...	0.8	...	...	178,475	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,535	...	...	2.0	...	...	274,140	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,490	...	...	4.6	...	...	637,695	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,640	...	...	3.5	...	...	505,875	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,795	...	...	3.7	...	...	488,735	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,230	...	...	4.3	...	...	560,950	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,340	...	...	4.4	...	...	572,650	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,405	...	...	4.5	...	...	559,155	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,205	...	...	8.2	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,100	...	...	8.1	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,415	...	...	7.2	...	...	986,460	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,980	...	...	6.6	...	...	921,205	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,345	...	...	5.8	...	...	844,835	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,115	...	...	34.7	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	40.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,710	...	...	11.6	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,005	...	...	8.0	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,505	...	...	8.6	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,895	...	...	6.5	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	820	...	...	1.1	...	...	186,735	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.5	...	...	95,195	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...	0.9	...	...	183,430	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,615	...	...	2.1	...	...	289,545	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,635	...	...	4.8	...	...	681,900	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,015	...	...	4.0	...	...	589,110	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,225	...	...	4.3	...	...	582,275	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,715	...	...	4.9	...	...	666,675	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,865	...	...	5.1	...	...	676,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,650	...	...	4.8	...	...	655,100	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,165	...	...	9.5	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,815	...	...	9.1	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,055	...	...	8.0	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,405	...	...	7.2	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,755	...	...	6.3	...	...	911,515	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,530	...	...	27.3	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,310	...	...	11.0	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,210	...	...	6.9	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,010	...	...	9.3	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	50,055	...	...	...	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,475	...	...	...	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,065	...	...	...	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,895	...	...	...	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,015	14,575	17,440	...	...	...	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,200	35,600	36,400	37,200	35,600	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	50,040	...	...	...	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,430	...	...	...	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,090	...	...	...	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...	160,600	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,880	...	...	...	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,015	14,475	17,540	...	...	...	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,600	46,760	42,840	44,600	46,760	42,840	49,440	52,050	46,880	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,240	40,600	38,160	39,240	40,600	38,160	41,560	43,080	40,120	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	166,170	80,550	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,935	13,305	12,635	15.6	16.5	14.8	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	19.8	20.6	19.0
0 to 5 years	7,460	3,785	3,680	4.5	4.7	4.3	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	92,105	44,485	47,615	55.4	55.2	55.6	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	62.1	62.2	61.9
65 years and over	48,125	22,765	25,365	29.0	28.3	29.6	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	18.1	17.2	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,165	8,210	9,950	...	...	...	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,230	1,660	1,570	...	...	...	854,565	439,490	415,075	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	965	490	470	...	...	...	282,315	144,250	138,065	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,160	4,275	4,880	...	...	...	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,780	2,280	3,500	...	...	...	985,745	391,695	594,050	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.2	11.6	10.9	10.2	11.6	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.5	12.4	12.5	12.5	12.4	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.1	12.8	12.9	13.1	12.8	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.6	10.3	9.9	9.6	10.3	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	12.0	10.0	13.8	12.0	10.0	13.8	15.0	12.7	16.9	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	165,135	80,055	85,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,660	13,165	12,490	15.5	16.4	14.7	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	19.7	20.5	18.9
0 to 5 years	7,380	3,750	3,630	4.5	4.7	4.3	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	6.1	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	91,480	44,195	47,290	55.4	55.2	55.6	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	62.1	62.3	62.0
65 years and over	47,995	22,695	25,295	29.1	28.3	29.7	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	18.2	17.3	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,410	3,315	3,100	...	...	...	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	995	515	480	...	...	...	319,545	164,490	155,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	130	115	...	...	...	99,435	50,875	48,560	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,675	2,470	2,210	...	...	...	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	740	330	415	...	...	...	199,155	83,010	116,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.6	4.7	5.1	5.6	4.7	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	166,170	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	87,365	41,135	46,230	52.6	51.1	54.0	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	50.0	48.9	51.1
In bottom decile	17,365	8,185	9,175	10.5	10.2	10.7	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	10.0	9.8	10.2
In second decile	18,045	8,220	9,825	10.9	10.2	11.5	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	10.0	9.5	10.5
In third decile	17,260	8,070	9,185	10.4	10.0	10.7	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	10.0	9.8	10.2
In fourth decile	17,215	8,220	8,990	10.4	10.2	10.5	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	17,490	8,435	9,060	10.5	10.5	10.6	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	10.0	10.0	10.0
In top half of the distribution	78,800	39,420	39,380	47.4	48.9	46.0	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	50.0	51.1	48.9
In sixth decile	17,215	8,440	8,780	10.4	10.5	10.3	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	10.0	10.1	9.9
In seventh decile	16,425	8,110	8,310	9.9	10.1	9.7	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	10.0	10.1	9.9
In eighth decile	16,185	8,115	8,070	9.7	10.1	9.4	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	10.0	10.2	9.8
In ninth decile	15,440	7,840	7,600	9.3	9.7	8.9	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	10.0	10.3	9.7
In top decile	13,530	6,910	6,620	8.1	8.6	7.7	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	10.0	10.4	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	166,165	...	...	166,165	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.441	...	...	0.441	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	168,410	81,670	86,745	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	156,565	76,495	80,070	93.0	93.7	92.3	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	69.0	69.9	68.1
French only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	11.2	10.6	11.7
English and French	11,015	4,805	6,215	6.5	5.9	7.2	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	18.0	18.0	18.0
Neither English nor French	795	350	445	0.5	0.4	0.5	689,725	284,170	405,555	1.9	1.6	2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	168,410	81,670	86,745	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	165,465	80,315	85,150	98.3	98.3	98.2	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	75.5	75.8	75.2
French	1,990	930	1,060	1.2	1.1	1.2	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	21.4	21.3	21.4
English and French	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	476,175	237,635	238,535	1.3	1.3	1.3
Neither English nor French	750	330	425	0.4	0.4	0.5	673,100	275,685	397,420	1.8	1.5	2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	168,410	81,670	86,745	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	165,685	80,430	85,255	98.4	98.5	98.3	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	96.0	96.0	95.9
Official languages	150,285	73,385	76,900	89.2	89.9	88.7	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	74.5	75.2	73.9
English	148,140	72,385	75,750	88.0	88.6	87.3	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	54.9	55.6	54.3
French	2,145	1,000	1,145	1.3	1.2	1.3	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	19.6	19.6	19.6
Non-official languages	15,400	7,040	8,355	9.1	8.6	9.6	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	21.4	20.8	22.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	300	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	310	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	400	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	235	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	850	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	70	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	755	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	440	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	725	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	220	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	140	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	85	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	150	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	220	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	520	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	485	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	245	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	300	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,345	7,020	8,320	9.1	8.6	9.6	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	21.0	20.4	21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	560	310	255	0.3	0.4	0.3	698,355	359,625	338,730	1.9	2.0	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,340	1,365	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	225	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,085	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	740	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	340	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	510	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,085	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	400	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	535	295	240	0.3	0.4	0.3	618,450	320,045	298,405	1.7	1.8	1.6
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	475	265	215	0.3	0.3	0.2	508,410	265,350	243,060	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	805	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	550	675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	310	375	0.4	0.4	0.4	192,985	87,230	105,750	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	620	285	340	0.4	0.3	0.4	173,000	78,180	94,820	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,150	420	735	0.7	0.5	0.8	565,375	238,875	326,500	1.5	1.3	1.8
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,115	940	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	325	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	465	640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	990	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,245	580	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	415	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	570	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,050	900	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	910	330	580	0.5	0.4	0.7	461,150	194,805	266,345	1.3	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	690	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	315	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	280	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	244,165	125,180	118,990	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	54,050	29,375	24,670	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	152,850	75,010	77,845	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	310	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	265	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,805	4,160	4,645	5.2	5.1	5.4	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	11.3	11.2	11.4
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,565	705	860	0.9	0.9	1.0	648,810	297,100	351,710	1.8	1.6	1.9
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,530	685	845	0.9	0.8	1.0	638,250	292,670	345,580	1.7	1.6	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	325	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,025	9,215	10,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	370	150	225	0.2	0.2	0.3	160,170	72,120	88,050	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	350	155	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	197,905	89,100	108,800	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	240	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	116,735	56,900	59,835	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	43,500	20,755	22,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,995	945	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	15,255	6,930	8,320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	250	125	125	0.1	0.2	0.1	84,705	38,005	46,695	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	355	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	410	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,640	1,675	1,965	2.2	2.1	2.3	463,400	221,365	242,035	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	800	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,975	885	1,095	1.2	1.1	1.3	301,570	142,580	158,990	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	1,910	850	1,060	1.1	1.0	1.2	272,865	128,250	144,615	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,135	560	580	0.7	0.7	0.7	138,655	67,815	70,840	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,270	6,175	6,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	935	460	475	0.6	0.6	0.5	80,315	39,000	41,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	650	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	515	225	290	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,275	9,500	10,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	285	120	165	0.2	0.1	0.2	9,945	4,750	5,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	430	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,535	1,675	1,860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,890	2,645	3,245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	670	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0	93,335	45,860	47,470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,020	1,040	980	1.2	1.3	1.1	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	4.5	4.7	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,775	920	855	1.1	1.1	1.0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	3.7	3.9	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,580	45,160	42,425	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	138,985	73,335	65,655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	270	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.1	152,825	79,585	73,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	395	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775	940	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	615	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	325	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,220	615	605	0.7	0.8	0.7	666,585	341,515	325,065	1.8	1.9	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	235,290	118,540	116,755	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	300,555	150,160	150,390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	230	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	262,625	130,180	132,440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	179,425	89,070	90,360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	425	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,440	665	775	0.9	0.8	0.9	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	3.3	3.2	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	470	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	215	170	0.2	0.3	0.2	319,505	154,295	165,205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	240,680	115,235	125,450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,160	44,185	48,975	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	770	325	445	0.5	0.4	0.5	538,870	259,500	279,375	1.5	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	610	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	350	100	255	0.2	0.1	0.3	43,850	14,205	29,650	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	640	295	345	0.4	0.4	0.4	170,400	77,075	93,325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	800	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	108,295	52,850	55,440	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	1,000	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,685	745	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	1,030	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	400	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	885	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	320	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	260	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	365	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	920	420	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	315	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	200	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	495	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	1,000	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	515	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	305	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	555	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,285	1,030	1,260	1.4	1.3	1.5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	3.6	3.3	3.8
Chinese languages	2,275	1,025	1,255	1.4	1.3	1.4	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	3.5	3.3	3.8
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,685	760	925	1.0	0.9	1.1	679,255	310,750	368,510	1.9	1.7	2.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	665	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	500	235	270	0.3	0.3	0.3	553,380	255,540	297,835	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	295	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	305	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	22,350	8,605	13,745	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	10,455	2,960	7,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	165	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	230	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,355	660	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	890	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	530	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	390	185	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	68,180	31,000	37,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,200	5,075	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	250	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	51,500	23,980	27,525	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	540	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,730	1,235	1,490	1.6	1.5	1.7	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	4.0	4.0	4.1
English and French	655	290	365	0.4	0.4	0.4	291,325	142,420	148,905	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,745	815	930	1.0	1.0	1.1	921,480	450,685	470,800	2.5	2.5	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	117,910	57,875	60,040	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,880	25,900	26,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	230	90	145	0.1	0.1	0.2	92,095	42,330	49,765	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	168,410	81,670	86,745	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	153,550	74,860	78,690	91.2	91.7	90.7	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	57.1	57.7	56.6
French	320	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	17.6	17.7	17.6
Non-official language	3,050	1,475	1,580	1.8	1.8	1.8	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	6.6	6.3	6.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,050	1,475	1,580	1.8	1.8	1.8	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	6.4	6.2	6.7
English and French	1,475	640	840	0.9	0.8	1.0	953,760	465,560	488,205	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	9,460	4,290	5,170	5.6	5.3	6.0	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	13.2	13.0	13.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395,320	188,195	207,125	1.1	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	380	175	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	455,760	217,995	237,770	1.2	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	200,320	93,165	107,155	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	168,410	81,670	86,745	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	166,555	80,810	85,750	98.9	98.9	98.9	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	95.7	95.8	95.7
Official languages	160,680	77,985	82,695	95.4	95.5	95.3	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	83.1	83.4	82.7
English	160,220	77,770	82,445	95.1	95.2	95.0	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	63.8	64.2	63.5
French	465	215	245	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	19.2	19.3	19.2
Non-official languages	5,875	2,825	3,055	3.5	3.5	3.5	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	12.7	12.4	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	495	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	300	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	305	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	730	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	430	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	390	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	220	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	420	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,870	2,820	3,045	3.5	3.5	3.5	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	12.4	12.1	12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2	395,840	197,010	198,830	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	455	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	155	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	425	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	330	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	890	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2	352,790	176,270	176,520	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	285,915	143,650	142,260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	605	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	305	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	360	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	425	200	225	0.3	0.2	0.3	127,730	58,660	69,070	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	390	185	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	116,785	53,735	63,055	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	510	240	265	0.3	0.3	0.3	326,245	149,550	176,700	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	370	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	265	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	370	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	190	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	275,045	125,870	149,170	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	325	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	150	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	395	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	169,705	85,265	84,440	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	112,335	54,240	58,095	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	730	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,220	1,060	1,165	1.3	1.3	1.3	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	6.2	6.2	6.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	390	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	303,480	143,495	159,985	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	395	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	720	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	390	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	300,985	142,375	158,610	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	125,780	59,290	66,490	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	315	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	595	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	325	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	140,450	68,575	71,875	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	103,780	50,460	53,325	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	86,820	41,815	45,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	870	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,710	16,730	16,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	920	1,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	435	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	740	355	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,110	550	560	0.7	0.7	0.6	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,005	505	500	0.6	0.6	0.6	962,820	490,815	472,000	2.6	2.7	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,750	28,435	28,315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	91,930	47,555	44,375	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	415	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	420	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	275	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	145	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	755	375	375	0.4	0.5	0.4	520,390	266,775	253,610	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	158,040	78,420	79,615	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,040	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	204,420	99,545	104,875	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	179,745	87,075	92,670	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1	125,840	61,060	64,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	250	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	160	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	577,735	273,965	303,770	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,755	38,750	54,005	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	245	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.2	317,365	155,005	162,360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,055	8,290	11,765	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	505	240	260	0.3	0.3	0.3	125,525	58,250	67,275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	505	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	150	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	665	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	770	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	655	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	480	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	1,040	910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	295	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	705	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	830	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,520	730	790	0.9	0.9	0.9	967,965	450,210	517,755	2.6	2.5	2.8
Chinese languages	1,510	725	785	0.9	0.9	0.9	955,685	444,115	511,565	2.6	2.5	2.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,215	585	635	0.7	0.7	0.7	530,945	249,675	281,270	1.4	1.4	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	370	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	125	130	0.1	0.2	0.1	393,430	180,000	213,435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	320	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	225	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	470	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	245	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	825	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,855	860	995	1.1	1.1	1.1	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	4.3	4.2	4.3
English and French	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	230,955	112,070	118,880	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,595	750	850	0.9	0.9	1.0	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	3.1	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,525	60,405	65,125	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,805	27,370	29,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	168,415	81,670	86,745	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	158,450	77,200	81,255	94.1	94.5	93.7	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	84.8	85.1	84.5
English	2,505	1,175	1,330	1.5	1.4	1.5	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	5.3	5.4	5.3
French	1,210	520	690	0.7	0.6	0.8	571,040	268,530	302,510	1.6	1.5	1.6
Non-official language	5,115	2,250	2,865	3.0	2.8	3.3	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	6.1	5.9	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	63,565	29,285	34,280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,020	2,205	2,815	3.0	2.7	3.2	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	6.0	5.8	6.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	86,185	42,600	43,585	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	300	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	323,845	161,995	161,850	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	250	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.2	134,565	61,575	72,995	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	550	235	310	0.3	0.3	0.4	234,905	115,470	119,430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	166,165	80,555	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	165,385	80,190	85,185	99.5	99.5	99.5	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	98.1	98.4	97.8
English	165,360	80,180	85,180	99.5	99.5	99.5	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	87.1	87.9	86.2
French	10,950	4,710	6,240	6.6	5.8	7.3	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	29.1	28.5	29.6
Non-official languages	22,595	10,310	12,285	13.6	12.8	14.3	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	29.5	28.7	30.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	243,155	116,360	126,795	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0.5	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	220	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	450	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	420	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	895	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,035	875	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	80	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	680	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	115	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	355	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	620	590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	265	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	120	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	90	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	505	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	880	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	95	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	655	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	850	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,305	2,555	2,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,415	670	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	300	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	510	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	320	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	195	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	715	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	470	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	555	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	595	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	170	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	355	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	315	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	310	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	405	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,295	10,175	12,120	13.4	12.6	14.2	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	28.9	28.1	29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	700	360	335	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	3.0	3.2	2.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	750	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,040	965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	760	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	655	345	310	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	2.8	2.9	2.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	530	270	260	0.3	0.3	0.3	838,045	436,510	401,540	2.3	2.4	2.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,000	925	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	1,065	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	355	430	0.5	0.4	0.5	260,030	120,035	139,995	0.7	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	28,390	13,100	15,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	700	325	375	0.4	0.4	0.4	232,800	107,435	125,355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	455	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,760	665	1,095	1.1	0.8	1.3	793,275	336,445	456,840	2.2	1.9	2.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,045	13,790	19,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	61,680	25,280	36,400	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	19,815	8,895	10,915	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	770	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	345	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	785	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,500	575	925	0.9	0.7	1.1	737,565	310,735	426,830	2.0	1.7	2.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	20,140	8,785	11,355	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	184,840	85,045	99,790	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	870	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	785	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	359,485	185,160	174,325	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	77,910	42,025	35,890	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	237,890	119,570	118,320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Telugu	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	935	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	450	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	365	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,100	6,625	7,470	8.5	8.2	8.7	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	16.1	16.0	16.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,050	955	1,095	1.2	1.2	1.3	820,305	384,390	435,915	2.3	2.1	2.4
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,015	940	1,075	1.2	1.2	1.3	809,985	380,025	429,960	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,625	13,595	15,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	470	200	260	0.3	0.2	0.3	204,460	94,135	110,325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	630	310	325	0.4	0.4	0.4	309,235	145,375	163,860	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	345	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	425	200	225	0.3	0.2	0.3	155,775	76,800	78,975	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	73,845	36,015	37,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	83,735	41,550	42,185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,905	9,455	11,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	335	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.2	131,655	59,230	72,425	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	495	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,200	2,370	2,830	3.1	2.9	3.3	658,705	319,800	338,905	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,160	1,440	1,725	1.9	1.8	2.0	453,995	222,215	231,780	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	3,125	1,410	1,715	1.9	1.8	2.0	419,195	204,840	214,355	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,565	760	805	0.9	0.9	0.9	191,840	93,435	98,405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	415	225	190	0.2	0.3	0.2	29,670	15,335	14,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,130	540	590	0.7	0.7	0.7	107,985	51,330	56,650	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	640	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	705	280	425	0.4	0.3	0.5	37,500	17,205	20,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	350	145	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	14,700	6,805	7,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	685	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,860	4,180	4,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	210	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,620	6,765	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	720	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	145,060	71,685	73,375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	2,950	1,480	1,470	1.8	1.8	1.7	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	6.2	6.5	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,595	1,310	1,285	1.6	1.6	1.5	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	5.3	5.5	5.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	590	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	120,605	62,330	58,270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	175	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	209,415	110,000	99,405	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindi	1,310	695	620	0.8	0.9	0.7	761,425	395,410	366,015	2.1	2.2	2.0
Kacchi	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	965	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	925	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	755	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,725	845	880	1.0	1.0	1.0	942,170	488,075	454,090	2.6	2.7	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	414,870	211,895	202,975	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	370,520	186,750	183,770	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	565	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	535	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	326,285	163,665	162,620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2	222,160	111,750	110,415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	970	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,245	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,285	1,965	2,320	2.6	2.4	2.7	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	5.7	5.4	5.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	760	385	375	0.5	0.5	0.4	547,655	263,950	283,705	1.5	1.5	1.5
Portuguese	365	175	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	336,865	164,985	171,880	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	3,350	1,495	1,855	2.0	1.9	2.2	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	3.2	3.1	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	1,025	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	685	245	440	0.4	0.3	0.5	98,070	43,380	54,690	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	790	350	440	0.5	0.4	0.5	203,885	92,275	111,605	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	315	165	150	0.2	0.2	0.2	267,520	131,495	136,025	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	750	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	650	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	580	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	50,935	25,265	25,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	685	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	255	75	180	0.2	0.1	0.2	49,535	19,685	29,850	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	215	50	160	0.1	0.1	0.2	37,620	14,430	23,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,715	1,235	1,480	1.6	1.5	1.7	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	4.3	4.0	4.5
Chinese languages	2,705	1,235	1,470	1.6	1.5	1.7	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	4.2	4.0	4.4
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,095	940	1,155	1.3	1.2	1.3	987,300	452,995	534,305	2.7	2.5	2.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,825	840	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	51,755	22,840	28,920	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	750	370	380	0.5	0.5	0.4	724,925	335,185	389,740	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	560	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	520	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	395	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	890	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	540	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	145	30	115	0.1	0.0	0.1	33,705	14,255	19,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	145	30	115	0.1	0.0	0.1	18,575	6,955	11,615	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	330	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	600	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,660	790	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	980	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	490	235	255	0.3	0.3	0.3	85,055	39,290	45,765	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,325	6,735	8,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	330	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	64,625	30,320	34,300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	166,165	80,555	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,210	5,690	6,520	7.3	7.1	7.6	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	5.0	4.9	5.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,685	5,455	6,225	7.0	6.8	7.3	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	4.8	4.7	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,695	3,075	3,620	4.0	3.8	4.2	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	2.9	2.8	2.9
Métis	4,865	2,325	2,535	2.9	2.9	3.0	624,220	306,220	318,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	70,540	34,645	35,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	315	125	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	28,855	13,645	15,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	220	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	35,225	16,620	18,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	153,950	74,860	79,090	92.6	92.9	92.4	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	95.0	95.1	94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	166,165	80,555	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,845	2,305	2,545	2.9	2.9	3.0	831,720	402,310	429,405	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	161,320	78,250	83,070	97.1	97.1	97.0	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	97.7	97.8	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	55,165	...	...	73.3	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	19,895	...	...	26.4	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	33.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	215	...	...	0.3	...	...	69,130	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,580	...	...	12.7	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not condominium	65,690	...	...	87.3	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	445	...	...	0.6	...	...	132,060	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	8,425	...	...	11.2	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	14.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,025	...	...	30.6	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,440	...	...	35.1	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	33.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,945	...	...	22.5	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	26.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20,160	...	...	26.8	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	31.1	...	...
5 rooms	13,415	...	...	17.8	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	11,925	...	...	15.8	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	9,265	...	...	12.3	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,505	...	...	27.2	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	74,590	...	...	99.1	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	97.6	...	...
More than one person per room	685	...	...	0.9	...	...	353,715	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	72,995	...	...	97.0	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	94.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,275	...	...	3.0	...	...	805,650	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,600	...	...	10.1	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	20.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,530	...	...	25.9	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,495	...	...	15.3	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	15,325	...	...	20.4	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,845	...	...	6.4	...	...	959,860	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,895	...	...	7.8	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,520	...	...	6.0	...	...	967,540	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,065	...	...	8.1	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	71,365	...	...	94.8	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,910	...	...	5.2	...	...	919,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,810	...	...	47.6	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	35,860	...	...	47.6	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,600	...	...	4.8	...	...	687,485	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,865	...	...	2.5	...	...	424,695	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,145	...	...	9.5	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	13.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,915	...	...	13.2	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,380	...	...	13.8	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,415	...	...	20.5	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	17,325	...	...	23.0	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,960	...	...	13.2	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	3,265	...	...	4.3	...	...	457,900	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	74,490	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,255	...	...	78.2	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	79.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,240	...	...	21.8	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	20.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,700	...	...	19.7	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	18.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	75,275	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,920	...	...	27.8	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	29.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,920	...	...	19.8	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,715	...	...	2.3	...	...	595,110	...	...	4.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,800	...	...	3.7	...	...	645,465	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	375	...	...	0.5	...	...	135,770	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	925	...	...	1.2	...	...	199,355	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.2	...	...	64,095	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	54,355	...	...	72.2	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	70.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	72,955	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,330	...	...	10.0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	65,620	...	...	89.9	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	54,820	...	...	...	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.2	...	...	52.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,269	...	...	1,269	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	689,000	...	...	689,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,860	...	...	...	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.8	...	...	40.8	...	...	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,306	...	...	1,306	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	215	...	...	...	...	...	69,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	388	...	...	388	...	...	284	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	464	...	...	464	...	...	327	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	166,170	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,640	2,200	2,435	2.8	2.7	2.8	985,200	480,950	504,245	2.7	2.7	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,555	2,165	2,390	2.7	2.7	2.8	963,705	470,850	492,855	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,565	1,675	1,895	2.1	2.1	2.2	763,230	371,400	391,825	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis single ancestry	950	475	470	0.6	0.6	0.5	146,010	72,680	73,325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	21,490	10,095	11,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	530	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,730	3,990	4,740	5.3	5.0	5.5	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	3.4	3.3	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,395	3,835	4,565	5.1	4.8	5.3	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	3.3	3.2	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,355	2,405	2,955	3.2	3.0	3.5	801,630	384,550	417,075	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,940	1,375	1,565	1.8	1.7	1.8	362,130	174,975	187,150	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,595	9,450	10,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	335	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	35,930	16,605	19,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	31,815	14,790	17,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	500	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	125	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	152,795	74,360	78,440	92.0	92.3	91.6	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	93.9	94.1	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	166,165	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	158,165	76,895	81,270	95.2	95.5	94.9	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	91.2	91.2	91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,305	13,070	12,240	15.2	16.2	14.3	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	18.7	19.4	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	132,860	63,825	69,030	80.0	79.2	80.6	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	72.6	71.8	73.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,005	3,655	4,345	4.8	4.5	5.1	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	8.8	8.8	8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	166,165	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	137,950	67,495	70,455	83.0	83.8	82.3	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	74.4	75.0	73.8
Immigrants⁸¹	26,165	12,090	14,070	15.7	15.0	16.4	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	23.0	22.2	23.8
Before 1980	12,070	5,745	6,320	7.3	7.1	7.4	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	4.2	4.1	4.4
1980 to 1990	2,985	1,330	1,660	1.8	1.7	1.9	924,320	443,805	480,520	2.5	2.5	2.6
1991 to 2000	2,675	1,125	1,550	1.6	1.4	1.8	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	4.2	3.9	4.4
2001 to 2010	3,745	1,700	2,045	2.3	2.1	2.4	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	5.3	5.1	5.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,695	2,200	2,495	2.8	2.7	2.9	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6.8	6.6	6.9
2011 to 2015	2,005	940	1,060	1.2	1.2	1.2	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	3.1	3.0	3.2
2016 to 2021	2,690	1,255	1,440	1.6	1.6	1.7	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	3.7	3.6	3.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,050	960	1,090	1.2	1.2	1.3	924,850	499,490	425,365	2.5	2.8	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,165	12,090	14,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,015	1,490	1,525	11.5	12.3	10.8	748,265	377,795	370,470	8.9	9.5	8.4
5 to 14 years	4,795	2,325	2,470	18.3	19.2	17.6	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	17.2	18.4	16.1
15 to 24 years	5,345	2,320	3,025	20.4	19.2	21.5	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	19.1	18.1	19.9
25 to 44 years	10,775	4,980	5,795	41.2	41.2	41.2	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	45.2	44.8	45.6
45 years and over	2,240	985	1,255	8.6	8.1	8.9	797,180	364,260	432,920	9.5	9.2	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,165	12,090	14,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,355	1,415	1,945	12.8	11.7	13.8	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	14.4	13.7	15.0
Brazil	60	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3	48,450	22,405	26,050	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	95	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.4	80,570	36,675	43,900	1.0	0.9	1.0
El Salvador	60	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	49,450	24,430	25,015	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guyana	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2	85,530	37,870	47,660	1.0	1.0	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,945	44,585	55,360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jamaica	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3	145,360	63,430	81,925	1.7	1.6	1.9
Mexico	230	90	140	0.9	0.7	1.0	90,585	42,215	48,370	1.1	1.1	1.1
Peru	55	0	50	0.2	0.0	0.4	31,420	13,925	17,490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2	65,035	29,110	35,930	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	2,270	980	1,290	8.7	8.1	9.2	256,090	115,380	140,705	3.1	2.9	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	410	185	230	1.6	1.5	1.6	250,760	116,305	134,460	3.0	2.9	3.1
Europe	13,935	6,770	7,165	53.3	56.0	50.9	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	23.5	24.0	23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3	35,925	17,705	18,220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	170	85	85	0.6	0.7	0.6	36,675	18,115	18,560	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	170	85	85	0.6	0.7	0.6	121,525	63,845	57,685	1.5	1.6	1.3
Germany	1,570	715	850	6.0	5.9	6.0	126,470	60,560	65,915	1.5	1.5	1.5
Greece	60	45	15	0.2	0.4	0.1	54,715	27,050	27,665	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	210	115	95	0.8	1.0	0.7	31,050	14,595	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	215	140	75	0.8	1.2	0.5	204,065	101,445	102,625	2.4	2.6	2.3
Netherlands	920	475	445	3.5	3.9	3.2	75,830	39,020	36,810	0.9	1.0	0.8
Poland	380	190	195	1.5	1.6	1.4	135,030	60,660	74,370	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portugal	140	85	55	0.5	0.7	0.4	128,795	62,880	65,910	1.5	1.6	1.5
Romania	60	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	86,770	40,820	45,955	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian Federation	175	90	80	0.7	0.7	0.6	81,840	35,185	46,650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1	31,925	15,480	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	155	75	80	0.6	0.6	0.6	81,135	36,840	44,295	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	7,875	3,785	4,090	30.1	31.3	29.1	464,135	229,710	234,430	5.6	5.8	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,740	810	935	6.7	6.7	6.6	271,725	131,935	139,790	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	1,150	575	570	4.4	4.8	4.1	821,735	412,365	409,375	9.8	10.4	9.3
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	79,660	41,065	38,600	1.0	1.0	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egypt	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	73,710	38,730	34,980	0.9	1.0	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1	41,715	19,955	21,760	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	81,775	41,085	40,685	1.0	1.0	0.9
Nigeria	155	70	85	0.6	0.6	0.6	81,290	41,665	39,620	1.0	1.0	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	540	275	260	2.1	2.3	1.8	51,590	25,740	25,855	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	350	175	175	1.3	1.4	1.2	314,995	157,170	157,825	3.8	4.0	3.6
Asia	7,065	3,010	4,055	27.0	24.9	28.8	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	51.5	51.1	51.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	255	135	120	1.0	1.1	0.9	182,940	92,300	90,645	2.2	2.3	2.1
Iraq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	84,130	42,660	41,465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	95,725	50,675	45,055	1.1	1.3	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	230	120	110	0.9	1.0	0.8	97,590	49,855	47,735	1.2	1.3	1.1
Turkey	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1	35,270	18,835	16,435	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	1,470	625	845	5.6	5.2	6.0	715,835	317,970	397,860	8.6	8.0	9.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	200	90	115	0.8	0.7	0.8	213,855	100,480	113,375	2.6	2.5	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	560	230	330	2.1	1.9	2.3	138,355	63,025	75,325	1.7	1.6	1.7
Taiwan	155	50	110	0.6	0.4	0.8	65,365	28,725	36,635	0.8	0.7	0.8
Philippines	1,400	530	865	5.4	4.4	6.1	719,580	305,115	414,460	8.6	7.7	9.5
Viet Nam	535	245	285	2.0	2.0	2.0	182,095	82,670	99,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	70,090	35,675	34,415	0.8	0.9	0.8
India	1,185	595	590	4.5	4.9	4.2	898,050	451,120	446,930	10.7	11.3	10.2
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2	234,105	118,390	115,715	2.8	3.0	2.6
Sri Lanka	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	136,240	66,215	70,030	1.6	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	900	300	600	3.4	2.5	4.3	375,340	175,930	199,410	4.5	4.4	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	660	325	335	2.5	2.7	2.4	61,965	31,055	30,910	0.7	0.8	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,690	1,255	1,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	300	145	155	11.2	11.6	10.8	154,490	74,275	80,215	11.6	11.5	11.7
Brazil	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4	19,895	9,340	10,560	1.5	1.4	1.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0.9	0.8	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,155	7,740	7,420	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	30	10	25	1.1	0.8	1.7	17,150	8,405	8,745	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	190	95	90	7.1	7.6	6.3	39,875	19,790	20,085	3.0	3.1	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	1.3	1.6	1.0	33,350	15,785	17,570	2.5	2.4	2.6
Europe	390	190	195	14.5	15.1	13.5	134,425	69,310	65,120	10.1	10.7	9.5
France	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.0	27,175	14,560	12,610	2.0	2.3	1.8
Germany	25	20	0	0.9	1.6	0.0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	25	1.5	1.6	1.7	6,355	4,000	2,350	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0.8	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,515	6,570	7,945	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	175	85	90	6.5	6.8	6.3	22,755	13,550	9,200	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	110	55	55	4.1	4.4	3.8	43,120	21,160	21,960	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	265	135	135	9.9	10.8	9.4	206,965	102,875	104,090	15.6	16.0	15.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,745	7,530	8,220	1.2	1.2	1.2
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0.9	0.9	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0.7	0.7	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0.9	1.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,330	8,755	7,575	1.2	1.4	1.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0.7	0.7	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,835	6,025	6,810	1.0	0.9	1.0
Nigeria	125	55	65	4.6	4.4	4.5	40,360	20,575	19,780	3.0	3.2	2.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0.5	0.5	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	0.9	1.2	0.0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	45	3.2	3.2	3.1	38,960	19,250	19,715	2.9	3.0	2.9
Asia	1,660	755	910	61.7	60.2	63.2	823,205	393,110	430,090	62.0	61.0	62.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,730	6,290	6,440	1.0	1.0	0.9
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7	13,185	6,670	6,515	1.0	1.0	1.0
China⁹⁰	435	185	245	16.2	14.7	17.0	118,035	50,365	67,665	8.9	7.8	9.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0.5	0.4	0.5
India	315	175	140	11.7	13.9	9.7	246,995	128,205	118,790	18.6	19.9	17.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	0.9	0.8	0.7	25,650	12,310	13,340	1.9	1.9	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,835	8,875	1.3	1.4	1.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japan	35	0	30	1.3	0.0	2.1	4,445	1,035	3,410	0.3	0.2	0.5
Jordan	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.7	4,635	2,375	2,260	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	110	45	70	4.1	3.6	4.9	20,985	8,790	12,200	1.6	1.4	1.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,255	18,070	18,190	2.7	2.8	2.7
Philippines	340	145	195	12.6	11.6	13.5	151,490	66,720	84,765	11.4	10.3	12.4
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	210	110	95	7.8	8.8	6.6	63,130	32,725	30,410	4.8	5.1	4.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0.6	0.7	0.6
Viet Nam	45	20	25	1.7	1.6	1.7	14,725	5,605	9,125	1.1	0.9	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	75	20	60	2.8	1.6	4.2	30,410	13,035	17,375	2.3	2.0	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	80	45	40	3.0	3.6	2.8	9,160	5,335	3,825	0.7	0.8	0.6
Australia	20	15	0	0.7	1.2	0.0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	60	25	35	2.2	2.0	2.4	2,625	1,490	1,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	166,165	80,555	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,075	13,900	16,175	18.1	17.3	18.9	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	26.4	25.8	27.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,340	15,800	16,535	19.5	19.6	19.3	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	17.6	17.9	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	103,755	50,855	52,900	62.4	63.1	61.8	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	56.0	56.3	55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,100	6,345	7,750	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,810	3,790	4,020	55.4	59.7	51.9	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	53.9	56.6	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,445	2,035	1,410	24.4	32.1	18.2	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	22.8	28.8	17.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,365	1,750	2,610	31.0	27.6	33.7	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	31.0	27.8	34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,950	1,925	3,025	35.1	30.3	39.0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	29.6	25.3	33.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,260	610	655	8.9	9.6	8.5	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	15.2	16.8	13.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	85	30	55	0.6	0.5	0.7	91,900	42,145	49,755	1.3	1.3	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,100	6,345	7,750	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	230	120	110	1.6	1.9	1.4	416,105	222,895	193,205	6.1	6.9	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,310	1,060	1,255	16.4	16.7	16.2	705,405	324,370	381,035	10.3	10.0	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	470	195	275	3.3	3.1	3.5	183,250	92,135	91,110	2.7	2.8	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,090	490	600	7.7	7.7	7.7	377,130	188,535	188,590	5.5	5.8	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	20	85	0.8	0.3	1.1	39,540	15,685	23,855	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,895	4,465	5,430	70.2	70.4	70.1	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	74.8	74.0	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	166,165	80,555	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,945	7,345	8,600	9.6	9.1	10.0	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	26.5	26.3	26.8
South Asian	3,450	1,750	1,700	2.1	2.2	2.0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	7.1	7.4	6.8
Chinese	3,320	1,520	1,805	2.0	1.9	2.1	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	4.7	4.5	4.9
Black	1,410	670	735	0.8	0.8	0.9	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	4.3	4.2	4.3
Filipino	2,100	870	1,225	1.3	1.1	1.4	957,355	427,755	529,600	2.6	2.4	2.9
Arab	440	225	215	0.3	0.3	0.3	694,015	362,845	331,170	1.9	2.0	1.8
Latin American	925	390	540	0.6	0.5	0.6	580,235	281,030	299,200	1.6	1.6	1.6
Southeast Asian	1,375	600	775	0.8	0.7	0.9	390,340	184,120	206,220	1.1	1.0	1.1
West Asian	335	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2	360,495	181,795	178,695	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	860	380	480	0.5	0.5	0.6	218,140	101,855	116,285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	900	345	550	0.5	0.4	0.6	98,890	42,315	56,575	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	172,885	83,310	89,580	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	560	285	275	0.3	0.4	0.3	331,805	160,790	171,010	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	150,225	73,210	77,015	90.4	90.9	90.0	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	73.5	73.7	73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	166,165	80,555	85,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,410	10,395	10,010	12.3	12.9	11.7	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	15.6	15.8	15.4
English	54,380	25,990	28,385	32.7	32.3	33.2	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	14.7	14.5	14.8
Irish	29,435	13,800	15,630	17.7	17.1	18.3	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	12.1	11.7	12.6
Scottish	38,285	18,345	19,940	23.0	22.8	23.3	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	12.1	11.9	12.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,595	6,680	7,915	8.8	8.3	9.2	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	11.0	11.0	11.0
German	22,935	10,815	12,115	13.8	13.4	14.2	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	8.1	8.1	8.2
Chinese	3,685	1,720	1,970	2.2	2.1	2.3	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	4.7	4.5	4.9
Italian	5,455	2,725	2,730	3.3	3.4	3.2	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	4.3	4.3	4.2
Indian (India)	2,240	1,140	1,100	1.3	1.4	1.3	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	3.7	3.9	3.6
Ukrainian	8,675	4,150	4,525	5.2	5.2	5.3	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	3.5	3.4	3.5
Dutch	7,970	3,905	4,065	4.8	4.8	4.7	988,585	489,045	499,545	2.7	2.7	2.7
Polish	5,460	2,525	2,940	3.3	3.1	3.4	982,820	472,290	510,525	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	200	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	981,635	490,130	491,510	2.7	2.7	2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,895	4,610	5,285	6.0	5.7	6.2	938,950	462,420	476,530	2.6	2.6	2.6
Filipino	2,080	870	1,210	1.3	1.1	1.4	925,490	414,915	510,570	2.5	2.3	2.8
French Canadian	1,890	865	1,025	1.1	1.1	1.2	906,315	441,610	464,705	2.5	2.5	2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,155	1,565	1,585	1.9	1.9	1.9	691,260	347,080	344,175	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,265	1,865	2,400	2.6	2.3	2.8	632,340	304,220	328,120	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	4,285	2,025	2,255	2.6	2.5	2.6	560,335	271,985	288,350	1.5	1.5	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,505	2,260	2,235	2.7	2.8	2.6	551,910	278,060	273,850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	3,730	1,750	1,980	2.2	2.2	2.3	548,140	260,075	288,065	1.5	1.4	1.6
Norwegian	6,360	2,955	3,405	3.8	3.7	4.0	466,500	224,290	242,210	1.3	1.3	1.3
Welsh	5,765	2,735	3,025	3.5	3.4	3.5	455,720	216,490	239,230	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	745	355	395	0.4	0.4	0.5	448,305	222,770	225,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
American	3,150	1,580	1,570	1.9	2.0	1.8	353,495	172,240	181,255	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	1,470	665	810	0.9	0.8	0.9	342,040	160,475	181,570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	4,920	2,290	2,630	3.0	2.8	3.1	334,505	156,840	177,665	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hungarian	2,320	1,140	1,180	1.4	1.4	1.4	320,150	155,755	164,395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	400	185	220	0.2	0.2	0.3	305,170	145,500	159,675	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	303,260	154,435	148,825	0.8	0.9	0.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	385	195	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	301,955	148,335	153,625	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	925	405	520	0.6	0.5	0.6	282,015	141,530	140,490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Punjabi	560	275	280	0.3	0.3	0.3	279,950	145,620	134,330	0.8	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	920	435	480	0.6	0.5	0.6	275,530	131,075	144,445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	230	130	100	0.1	0.2	0.1	263,710	138,210	125,500	0.7	0.8	0.7
Greek	565	295	275	0.3	0.4	0.3	262,140	132,975	129,160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	290	165	125	0.2	0.2	0.1	249,070	119,265	129,805	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	435	145	285	0.3	0.2	0.3	226,220	107,785	118,435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,020	440	580	0.6	0.5	0.7	219,855	105,825	114,030	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	820	375	440	0.5	0.5	0.5	217,650	101,805	115,845	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	955	440	515	0.6	0.5	0.6	215,885	103,720	112,165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	210,605	107,990	102,615	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian	330	175	155	0.2	0.2	0.2	200,465	100,790	99,675	0.6	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	405	195	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	200,340	99,800	100,540	0.6	0.6	0.5
Danish	2,875	1,370	1,510	1.7	1.7	1.8	196,945	96,220	100,725	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	965	500	465	0.6	0.6	0.5	194,840	94,035	100,810	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	380	200	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	194,640	101,255	93,385	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	2,000	935	1,065	1.2	1.2	1.2	189,535	92,740	96,800	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	1,085	535	555	0.7	0.7	0.6	182,175	90,150	92,030	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	166,160	87,665	78,495	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexican	575	265	315	0.3	0.3	0.4	155,495	77,435	78,055	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	375	180	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	155,095	77,735	77,360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	990	555	435	0.6	0.7	0.5	145,570	72,015	73,555	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	1,605	785	825	1.0	1.0	1.0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	760	375	385	0.5	0.5	0.4	130,820	64,915	65,905	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,115	425	690	0.7	0.5	0.8	129,425	56,850	72,580	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	120,125	60,575	59,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	250	105	145	0.2	0.1	0.2	111,605	53,700	57,905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,435	700	730	0.9	0.9	0.9	110,735	54,730	56,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	90	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	105,620	54,095	51,525	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	90	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	105,245	55,230	50,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	55	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	104,765	51,375	53,395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	1,380	680	700	0.8	0.8	0.8	101,990	50,370	51,620	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombian	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	100,555	47,995	52,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	910	430	480	0.5	0.5	0.6	98,925	47,495	51,430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	245	105	135	0.1	0.1	0.2	98,250	49,385	48,865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	97,210	46,270	50,940	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afghan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	94,585	44,335	50,250	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.1	93,360	46,945	46,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	260	115	145	0.2	0.1	0.2	92,220	44,610	47,600	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	235	145	90	0.1	0.2	0.1	91,670	45,665	46,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	80,555	39,675	40,880	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	80,340	41,415	38,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	77,405	37,655	39,750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	76,745	39,955	36,795	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	76,675	37,315	39,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	71,755	34,670	37,085	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	69,540	34,680	34,860	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	300	115	185	0.2	0.1	0.2	68,210	33,475	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	450	205	245	0.3	0.3	0.3	66,780	31,525	35,255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	64,020	29,280	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	56,070	27,025	29,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	52,040	24,510	27,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	405	220	185	0.2	0.3	0.2	49,840	24,885	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	645	340	310	0.4	0.4	0.4	46,765	24,165	22,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	45,685	22,520	23,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	42,405	20,105	22,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1	41,950	19,835	22,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	40,670	20,210	20,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	38,595	18,785	19,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	425	235	185	0.3	0.3	0.2	38,520	18,935	19,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	35,395	17,140	18,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	85	40	40	0.1	0.0	0.0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	150	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,330	16,485	16,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	350	165	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,135	15,355	17,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	32,575	16,525	16,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,430	15,700	15,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	315	140	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,565	14,635	15,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,220	15,225	14,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	230	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,140	13,515	14,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,330	11,910	14,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	25,200	12,495	12,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2	24,420	12,265	12,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	815	425	385	0.5	0.5	0.4	24,325	12,230	12,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,455	11,080	12,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,020	11,040	11,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	185	50	130	0.1	0.1	0.2	22,275	8,525	13,750	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	17,955	8,625	9,330	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	285	170	115	0.2	0.2	0.1	17,755	9,275	8,470	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	17,315	7,300	10,020	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,780	7,505	8,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,095	6,530	6,565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,825	5,080	5,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	10,275	4,950	5,325	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,795	4,725	5,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	166,170	80,555	85,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	950	335	610	0.6	0.4	0.7	356,975	157,435	199,540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	56,375	24,660	31,715	33.9	30.6	37.0	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	53.3	50.9	55.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,215	5,605	6,610	7.4	7.0	7.7	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	7.6	7.4	7.8
Anabaptist	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2	144,145	70,095	74,050	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	7,770	3,190	4,580	4.7	4.0	5.3	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	3.1	2.9	3.4
Baptist	2,285	1,005	1,280	1.4	1.2	1.5	436,940	200,325	236,615	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	15,590	6,905	8,685	9.4	8.6	10.1	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	29.9	29.0	30.9
Christian Orthodox	515	275	240	0.3	0.3	0.3	623,010	301,055	321,955	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	1,525	695	825	0.9	0.9	1.0	137,255	59,505	77,750	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	400	215	190	0.2	0.3	0.2	87,725	41,365	46,360	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	2,155	870	1,280	1.3	1.1	1.5	328,045	150,115	177,925	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.2	100,655	46,640	54,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,365	585	775	0.8	0.7	0.9	399,025	180,870	218,155	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	1,265	570	700	0.8	0.7	0.8	301,400	136,440	164,960	0.8	0.8	0.9
Reformed	235	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.2	79,870	39,250	40,620	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	7,530	3,090	4,440	4.5	3.8	5.2	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	3.3	3.0	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,970	1,295	1,675	1.8	1.6	2.0	745,650	345,540	400,110	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	850	435	415	0.5	0.5	0.5	828,195	430,135	398,060	2.3	2.4	2.2
Jewish	460	230	235	0.3	0.3	0.3	335,295	164,220	171,070	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	1,065	500	565	0.6	0.6	0.7	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	4.9	5.0	4.7
Sikh	1,400	680	720	0.8	0.8	0.8	771,790	394,345	377,445	2.1	2.2	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	685	330	355	0.4	0.4	0.4	80,685	38,460	42,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,235	830	1,400	1.3	1.0	1.6	229,015	97,645	131,370	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	102,145	52,545	49,600	61.5	65.2	57.9	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	34.6	36.9	32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	165,170	80,075	85,090	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	142,285	68,985	73,300	86.1	86.2	86.1	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	87.8	87.8	87.8
Movers	22,885	11,090	11,795	13.9	13.8	13.9	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	12.2	12.2	12.2
Non-migrants	11,920	5,835	6,085	7.2	7.3	7.2	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	7.1	7.2	7.1
Migrants	10,965	5,255	5,710	6.6	6.6	6.7	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	5.0	5.0	5.0
Internal migrants	10,130	4,895	5,235	6.1	6.1	6.2	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	4.2	4.2	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,645	3,705	3,940	4.6	4.6	4.6	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	3.5	3.5	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,485	1,195	1,290	1.5	1.5	1.5	268,965	135,215	133,750	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	835	360	475	0.5	0.4	0.6	293,955	147,585	146,370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	160,190	77,615	82,575	100.0	100.0	100.0	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	87,875	42,445	45,430	54.9	54.7	55.0	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	61.0	61.0	61.1
Movers	72,315	35,170	37,145	45.1	45.3	45.0	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	39.0	39.0	38.9
Non-migrants	24,915	11,985	12,930	15.6	15.4	15.7	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	16.7	16.7	16.8
Migrants	47,405	23,190	24,215	29.6	29.9	29.3	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	22.2	22.3	22.2
Internal migrants	43,380	21,250	22,130	27.1	27.4	26.8	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	17.3	17.2	17.4
Intraprovincial migrants	33,800	16,410	17,380	21.1	21.1	21.0	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	14.7	14.5	14.8
Interprovincial migrants	9,580	4,835	4,745	6.0	6.2	5.7	921,345	459,695	461,650	2.7	2.7	2.6
External migrants	4,025	1,940	2,085	2.5	2.5	2.5	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	4.9	5.1	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	144,710	69,600	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,075	12,890	10,185	15.9	18.5	13.6	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	18.0	19.6	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	121,630	56,715	64,920	84.1	81.5	86.4	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	82.0	80.4	83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,615	38,980	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,050	5,430	3,625	11.1	13.9	8.5	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	11.6	13.6	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,560	33,550	39,015	88.9	86.1	91.5	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	88.4	86.4	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,960	10,305	8,655	13.1	14.8	11.5	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	16.2	17.1	15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,065	20,790	23,275	30.5	29.9	31.0	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	26.7	27.1	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,685	38,510	43,170	56.4	55.3	57.5	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	57.2	55.9	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	49,455	24,200	25,250	34.2	34.8	33.6	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	30.5	31.1	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,595	10,810	3,785	10.1	15.5	5.0	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	8.7	12.2	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,760	3,165	2,595	4.0	4.5	3.5	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	4.8	5.6	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,835	7,645	1,190	6.1	11.0	1.6	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	3.9	6.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	28,205	11,020	17,185	19.5	15.8	22.9	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	18.8	16.4	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,655	2,370	4,285	4.6	3.4	5.7	896,755	372,560	524,195	3.0	2.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,230	14,310	17,920	22.3	20.6	23.9	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	26.7	24.8	28.5
Bachelor's degree	20,005	8,705	11,300	13.8	12.5	15.0	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	17.5	15.7	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,440	1,045	1,390	1.7	1.5	1.9	556,510	243,200	313,310	1.8	1.6	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,000	635	370	0.7	0.9	0.5	214,105	108,000	106,105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	7,495	3,235	4,265	5.2	4.6	5.7	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	5.7	5.5	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,280	690	595	0.9	1.0	0.8	279,660	165,795	113,870	0.9	1.1	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,610	38,980	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,105	4,300	2,810	8.7	11.0	6.6	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	9.9	11.4	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,115	11,720	11,395	28.3	30.1	26.7	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	23.0	24.4	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,395	22,965	28,430	63.0	58.9	66.7	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	67.1	64.2	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,305	14,405	15,905	37.1	37.0	37.3	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	34.3	34.7	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,670	6,290	2,385	10.6	16.1	5.6	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	9.6	13.3	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,510	1,860	1,650	4.3	4.8	3.9	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	5.4	6.1	4.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,165	4,430	735	6.3	11.4	1.7	836,220	693,830	142,395	4.3	7.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,405	6,725	10,680	21.3	17.3	25.0	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	21.4	18.7	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,235	1,390	2,840	5.2	3.6	6.7	623,090	261,035	362,050	3.2	2.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,085	8,560	12,525	25.8	22.0	29.4	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	32.9	29.5	36.1
Bachelor's degree	13,440	5,400	8,040	16.5	13.9	18.9	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	21.3	18.8	23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,575	670	900	1.9	1.7	2.1	430,875	179,230	251,645	2.2	1.9	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	680	355	325	0.8	0.9	0.8	167,730	75,120	92,615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	4,715	1,845	2,870	5.8	4.7	6.7	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	7.4	6.9	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	680	285	390	0.8	0.7	0.9	209,445	115,530	93,915	1.1	1.2	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	63,030	31,095	31,930	43.6	44.7	42.5	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	42.8	44.1	41.6
Education	6,780	1,755	5,025	4.7	2.5	6.7	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5
13. Education	6,780	1,755	5,025	4.7	2.5	6.7	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,965	1,190	1,780	2.0	1.7	2.4	631,255	274,065	357,190	2.1	1.8	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	210	70	0.2	0.3	0.1	74,785	53,390	21,395	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,685	975	1,705	1.9	1.4	2.3	556,470	220,680	335,790	1.8	1.5	2.2
Humanities	3,570	1,440	2,130	2.5	2.1	2.8	926,560	354,120	572,440	3.1	2.4	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	65	185	0.2	0.1	0.2	106,345	23,460	82,885	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	1,100	390	705	0.8	0.6	0.9	184,600	53,020	131,580	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	970	305	665	0.7	0.4	0.9	316,050	119,215	196,830	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	18,935	6,835	12,095	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	140	90	0.2	0.2	0.1	57,745	33,040	24,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	345	185	155	0.2	0.3	0.2	77,510	46,140	31,365	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	495	285	210	0.3	0.4	0.3	108,935	58,310	50,620	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	56,440	14,090	42,345	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,275	2,930	5,340	5.7	4.2	7.1	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	6.6	4.5	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	40	150	0.1	0.1	0.2	29,430	7,065	22,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	295	435	0.5	0.4	0.6	233,400	88,205	145,200	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,530	160	1,375	1.1	0.2	1.8	344,150	27,905	316,240	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,155	385	780	0.8	0.6	1.0	325,785	115,335	210,445	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	65	155	0.2	0.1	0.2	49,855	16,000	33,850	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,620	500	1,115	1.1	0.7	1.5	327,965	79,295	248,665	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,825	1,485	1,340	2.0	2.1	1.8	705,540	336,960	368,580	2.3	2.3	2.4
Business, management and public administration	15,535	5,595	9,935	10.7	8.0	13.2	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	12.4	10.0	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,375	270	1,100	1.0	0.4	1.5	272,240	55,995	216,245	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,140	5,315	8,820	9.8	7.6	11.7	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	11.5	9.6	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,045	1,675	1,370	2.1	2.4	1.8	719,715	353,540	366,175	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,545	780	765	1.1	1.1	1.0	297,055	121,615	175,435	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.4	155,955	72,245	83,705	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	795	570	225	0.5	0.8	0.3	196,620	130,745	65,875	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	34,710	13,985	20,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,255	1,425	830	1.6	2.0	1.1	804,230	531,435	272,795	2.7	3.6	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,685	1,190	500	1.2	1.7	0.7	643,145	454,370	188,775	2.1	3.1	1.2
25. Library science	235	35	195	0.2	0.1	0.3	43,085	7,100	35,985	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	310	180	120	0.2	0.3	0.2	99,360	57,560	41,800	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,240	15,240	1,000	11.2	21.9	1.3	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	11.6	21.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	405	275	135	0.3	0.4	0.2	135,020	81,930	53,090	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	2,415	2,120	295	1.7	3.0	0.4	900,475	723,080	177,395	3.0	4.9	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,240	2,920	325	2.2	4.2	0.4	726,155	638,355	87,800	2.4	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	190	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,685	4,570	115	3.2	6.6	0.2	703,905	683,060	20,845	2.3	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,515	3,425	95	2.4	4.9	0.1	659,480	640,895	18,590	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,960	1,920	35	1.4	2.8	0.0	380,505	363,710	16,795	1.3	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,800	1,710	1,085	1.9	2.5	1.4	407,545	234,360	173,175	1.3	1.6	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,435	665	765	1.0	1.0	1.0	262,580	140,520	122,070	0.9	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,365	1,045	320	0.9	1.5	0.4	144,960	93,845	51,115	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	14,520	2,585	11,935	10.0	3.7	15.9	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	8.1	3.3	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	905	390	515	0.6	0.6	0.7	180,785	89,005	91,780	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,235	1,950	11,290	9.1	2.8	15.0	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	7.2	2.4	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,255	1,425	3,825	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	330	235	95	0.2	0.3	0.1	64,030	34,630	29,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,690	2,965	2,725	3.9	4.3	3.6	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	3.3	3.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,545	1,085	2,455	2.4	1.6	3.3	548,520	151,115	397,410	1.8	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,965	3,520	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	6,900	6,210	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	575	415	160	0.4	0.6	0.2	227,835	160,930	66,905	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,485	1,385	90	1.0	2.0	0.1	219,205	199,190	20,010	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,615	38,980	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,220	16,020	14,205	37.0	41.1	33.3	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0
Education	3,465	855	2,610	4.2	2.2	6.1	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9
13. Education	3,465	855	2,610	4.2	2.2	6.1	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,110	815	1,295	2.6	2.1	3.0	490,455	210,500	279,955	2.5	2.2	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1	54,645	38,170	16,475	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,940	700	1,240	2.4	1.8	2.9	435,815	172,330	263,480	2.2	1.8	2.6
Humanities	2,105	820	1,285	2.6	2.1	3.0	649,695	241,235	408,465	3.3	2.5	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	35	110	0.2	0.1	0.3	79,235	16,400	62,835	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	640	215	425	0.8	0.6	1.0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	590	185	415	0.7	0.5	1.0	216,725	80,505	136,220	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	12,910	4,540	8,370	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1	41,640	23,645	17,990	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	48,920	29,245	19,675	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	300	170	130	0.4	0.4	0.3	78,415	40,800	37,615	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,045	8,490	28,555	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,665	1,795	3,870	6.9	4.6	9.1	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	8.1	5.2	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	35	130	0.2	0.1	0.3	23,895	5,520	18,370	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	560	205	355	0.7	0.5	0.8	196,475	72,125	124,350	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,130	130	1,000	1.4	0.3	2.3	270,970	20,095	250,875	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	730	190	540	0.9	0.5	1.3	261,265	82,850	178,420	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	40	125	0.2	0.1	0.3	37,830	12,160	25,670	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,010	270	745	1.2	0.7	1.7	249,205	55,840	193,365	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,910	920	985	2.3	2.4	2.3	549,090	254,250	294,840	2.8	2.6	3.0
Business, management and public administration	10,030	3,455	6,570	12.3	8.9	15.4	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	15.0	11.9	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	145	735	1.1	0.4	1.7	213,140	40,230	172,910	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,130	3,305	5,825	11.2	8.5	13.7	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	13.9	11.4	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,845	860	990	2.3	2.2	2.3	513,555	241,780	271,785	2.6	2.5	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	975	425	550	1.2	1.1	1.3	227,460	90,390	137,075	1.2	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.5	108,350	48,075	60,280	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	14,270	5,690	8,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	425	245	180	0.5	0.6	0.4	140,510	88,540	51,970	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,960	9,090	13,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,570	1,050	525	1.9	2.7	1.2	667,305	445,970	221,330	3.4	4.6	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,330	965	370	1.6	2.5	0.9	554,185	392,835	161,350	2.8	4.1	1.6
25. Library science	120	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2	27,610	4,720	22,885	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1	70,940	39,000	31,940	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,500	8,705	795	11.6	22.3	1.9	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	13.3	23.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	220	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2	105,845	61,230	44,605	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,350	1,120	235	1.7	2.9	0.6	724,235	568,385	155,850	3.7	5.9	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,790	1,550	250	2.2	4.0	0.6	536,600	464,510	72,090	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	160	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,970	2,870	100	3.6	7.4	0.2	510,105	493,000	17,100	2.6	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,030	1,955	75	2.5	5.0	0.2	467,225	452,385	14,840	2.4	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,120	1,090	30	1.4	2.8	0.1	266,690	253,110	13,585	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,880	1,010	870	2.3	2.6	2.0	314,120	170,440	143,680	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	980	385	595	1.2	1.0	1.4	199,335	99,700	99,635	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	900	620	275	1.1	1.6	0.6	114,780	70,745	44,040	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	9,455	1,755	7,705	11.6	4.5	18.1	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	9.4	3.9	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	605	255	350	0.7	0.7	0.8	139,280	67,885	71,385	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,615	1,380	7,235	10.6	3.5	17.0	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	8.4	2.9	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,430	945	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	115	85	0.2	0.3	0.2	48,115	23,255	24,860	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,755	1,845	1,915	4.6	4.7	4.5	772,450	399,835	372,615	3.9	4.2	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,400	700	1,695	2.9	1.8	4.0	414,520	112,935	301,590	2.1	1.2	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,955	2,575	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,850	3,415	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	250	125	0.5	0.6	0.3	183,025	128,295	54,725	0.9	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	925	845	80	1.1	2.2	0.2	168,105	152,620	15,485	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	81,615	38,980	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,220	16,020	14,205	37.0	41.1	33.3	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,395	22,960	28,430	63.0	58.9	66.7	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	67.1	64.2	70.0
Location of study inside Canada	45,290	20,175	25,115	55.5	51.8	58.9	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	53.6	51.2	55.9
Same as province or territory of residence	34,240	15,095	19,145	42.0	38.7	44.9	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	47.3	44.9	49.5
Different than province or territory of residence	11,050	5,080	5,970	13.5	13.0	14.0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	6.3	6.3	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,100	2,785	3,315	7.5	7.1	7.8	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	13.5	13.0	14.0
Americas	1,420	710	715	1.7	1.8	1.7	483,810	238,040	245,775	2.5	2.5	2.5
United States of America	1,195	630	565	1.5	1.6	1.3	279,005	143,575	135,435	1.4	1.5	1.4
Mexico	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,400	16,175	20,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	45,000	21,575	23,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,735	880	850	2.1	2.3	2.0	543,725	281,205	262,520	2.8	2.9	2.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	97,770	53,930	43,840	0.5	0.6	0.4
Germany	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	22,450	12,070	10,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,095	16,250	19,845	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,405	16,635	19,775	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,040	9,175	6,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	980	520	455	1.2	1.3	1.1	151,900	81,980	69,920	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2	60,615	30,055	30,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	275	140	135	0.3	0.4	0.3	216,815	111,010	105,805	1.1	1.2	1.1
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,060	9,900	9,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,700	33,325	31,385	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	2,415	880	1,530	3.0	2.3	3.6	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	6.9	6.2	7.6
Iran⁸⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	66,630	30,180	36,450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	615	230	385	0.8	0.6	0.9	201,100	87,370	113,720	1.0	0.9	1.1
Taiwan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	14,520	4,750	9,770	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	135	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.3	18,605	5,280	13,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	205	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.3	53,575	20,575	33,000	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	595	200	395	0.7	0.5	0.9	305,795	115,370	190,420	1.6	1.2	1.9
Viet Nam	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	12,500	4,490	8,005	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	420	180	240	0.5	0.5	0.6	405,850	199,380	206,475	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75,155	35,055	40,100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2	64,385	28,650	35,735	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	255	175	85	0.3	0.4	0.2	47,960	24,495	23,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	180	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1	38,525	19,270	19,250	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	930	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	144,710	69,605	75,105	...	...	...	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	...	...	...
In the labour force	78,990	40,210	38,780	...	...	...	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	...	...	...
Employed	72,345	36,685	35,660	...	...	...	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,645	3,520	3,125	...	...	...	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	65,720	29,395	36,325	...	...	...	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.6	57.8	51.6	54.6	57.8	51.6	63.7	67.7	59.8	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	50.0	52.7	47.5	50.0	52.7	47.5	57.1	60.9	53.4	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.8	8.1	8.4	8.8	8.1	10.3	9.9	10.7	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	144,710	69,605	75,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	64,870	28,875	36,000	44.8	41.5	47.9	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	36.7	32.9	40.4
Worked	79,835	40,730	39,105	55.2	58.5	52.1	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	63.3	67.1	59.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,630	20,945	16,680	26.0	30.1	22.2	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	33.7	38.3	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	42,210	19,785	22,425	29.2	28.4	29.9	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	29.6	28.8	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	40.9	39.9	40.4	40.9	39.9	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	78,990	40,210	38,775	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,565	775	785	2.0	1.9	2.0	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	77,425	39,430	37,995	98.0	98.1	98.0	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
Employee	61,690	30,410	31,275	78.1	75.6	80.7	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	83.4	80.9	86.1
Permanent position	51,775	25,875	25,900	65.5	64.3	66.8	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	69.6	68.3	70.9
Temporary position	9,915	4,540	5,375	12.6	11.3	13.9	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	13.8	12.7	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,450	1,030	1,415	3.1	2.6	3.6	867,740	386,965	480,775	4.5	3.8	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,465	3,510	3,955	9.5	8.7	10.2	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	9.3	8.8	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	15,740	9,020	6,715	19.9	22.4	17.3	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	14.1	16.7	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	78,990	40,210	38,775	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,565	775	785	2.0	1.9	2.0	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	77,425	39,430	37,995	98.0	98.1	98.0	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	740	500	240	0.9	1.2	0.6	254,760	177,450	77,315	1.3	1.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,235	2,825	8,405	14.2	7.0	21.7	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	17.1	10.6	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,760	3,570	1,190	6.0	8.9	3.1	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	8.2	11.9	4.2
3 Health occupations	7,380	1,540	5,840	9.3	3.8	15.1	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	7.8	3.0	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,840	2,905	5,930	11.2	7.2	15.3	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	12.0	7.5	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,615	1,110	1,505	3.3	2.8	3.9	596,785	275,420	321,360	3.1	2.7	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	22,205	9,615	12,585	28.1	23.9	32.5	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	23.9	20.6	27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,200	13,910	1,290	19.2	34.6	3.3	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	16.8	29.3	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,500	1,820	680	3.2	4.5	1.8	541,235	416,960	124,270	2.8	4.1	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,960	1,635	320	2.5	4.1	0.8	857,540	612,415	245,120	4.4	6.1	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	78,990	40,210	38,775	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,565	775	785	2.0	1.9	2.0	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	77,425	39,430	37,995	98.0	98.1	98.0	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,990	1,385	610	2.5	3.4	1.6	434,800	295,160	139,640	2.3	2.9	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	465	435	30	0.6	1.1	0.1	239,030	195,605	43,425	1.2	1.9	0.5
22 Utilities	365	340	35	0.5	0.8	0.1	147,750	109,475	38,270	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	8,375	7,190	1,185	10.6	17.9	3.1	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	7.6	12.6	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,965	2,285	685	3.8	5.7	1.8	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	8.0	10.9	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,665	1,210	460	2.1	3.0	1.2	610,295	406,960	203,335	3.2	4.0	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	10,690	5,125	5,565	13.5	12.7	14.4	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	11.1	10.2	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,895	2,945	950	4.9	7.3	2.5	981,030	742,515	238,515	5.1	7.4	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,385	785	600	1.8	2.0	1.5	400,460	237,940	162,520	2.1	2.4	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,275	840	1,440	2.9	2.1	3.7	815,225	358,145	457,080	4.2	3.6	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,705	845	860	2.2	2.1	2.2	343,940	186,230	157,710	1.8	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,430	2,940	2,490	6.9	7.3	6.4	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	8.1	8.7	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	45,455	21,495	23,955	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,890	2,155	1,735	4.9	5.4	4.5	792,600	457,880	334,725	4.1	4.6	3.6
61 Educational services	5,220	1,680	3,540	6.6	4.2	9.1	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	7.3	4.3	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	12,065	2,490	9,575	15.3	6.2	24.7	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	12.7	4.7	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,610	775	830	2.0	1.9	2.1	350,710	180,205	170,500	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	5,670	2,515	3,155	7.2	6.3	8.1	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	5.6	4.8	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,740	1,585	2,155	4.7	3.9	5.6	797,935	373,775	424,165	4.1	3.7	4.6
91 Public administration	3,910	1,855	2,060	4.9	4.6	5.3	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	6.2	6.0	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	86,375	43,860	42,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	84,500	43,085	41,410	97.8	98.2	97.4	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	72.4	73.0	71.8
French	105	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	15.3	14.9	15.8
Non-official language	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2	169,205	89,515	79,685	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2	162,265	85,925	76,345	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	650	245	410	0.8	0.6	1.0	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	8.2	8.0	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	830	350	480	1.0	0.8	1.1	570,220	291,000	279,220	2.8	2.7	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	86,375	43,860	42,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,195	43,770	42,425	99.8	99.8	99.8	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	85,840	43,590	42,245	99.4	99.4	99.4	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	96.3	96.3	96.3
English	85,595	43,545	42,045	99.1	99.3	98.9	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	77.0	77.4	76.5
French	245	45	205	0.3	0.1	0.5	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	19.3	18.9	19.7
Non-official languages	360	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4	310,455	161,825	148,635	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	585	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	875	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	435	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	430	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,585	830	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	490	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	340	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	295	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	410	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	410	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	255	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4	291,025	152,095	138,925	1.4	1.4	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	185	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	155	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	325	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	240	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	70	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	240	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,770	4,135	5,635	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	215	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,260	3,905	5,350	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	185	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	140	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	112,395	64,055	48,335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	170	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	295	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	15	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	60	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	485	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	620	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	520	530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	515	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	420	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	1,275	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	290	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	515	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	80	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	145	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	445	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	400	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	730	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	375	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,560	1,225	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,345	7,125	7,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	210	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	795	1,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	620	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	110	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	128,375	64,180	64,190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	128,045	63,990	64,055	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	76,040	37,760	38,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	210	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	240	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	85	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	310	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	695	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	660	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	215	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	453,880	231,205	222,675	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	321,975	163,305	158,675	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	115,955	60,210	55,745	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	86,375	43,860	42,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,990	43,305	41,685	98.4	98.7	98.0	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	90.6	90.8	90.5
English	270	80	190	0.3	0.2	0.4	902,625	474,755	427,875	4.4	4.4	4.3
French	490	200	285	0.6	0.5	0.7	589,755	288,955	300,800	2.9	2.7	3.0
Non-official language	540	230	310	0.6	0.5	0.7	331,375	168,035	163,335	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,190	7,740	10,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	460	190	270	0.5	0.4	0.6	313,185	160,295	152,885	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	210	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	72,345	36,685	35,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,605	5,925	7,675	18.8	16.2	21.5	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	24.3	22.1	26.8
Worked outside Canada	80	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	13,060	9,725	3,335	18.1	26.5	9.4	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	12.7	18.3	6.6
Usual place of work	45,595	20,965	24,630	63.0	57.1	69.1	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	62.6	59.1	66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	45,595	20,965	24,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,355	13,315	17,045	66.6	63.5	69.2	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	59.0	55.5	62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,250	5,150	6,100	24.7	24.6	24.8	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	21.6	22.1	21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,615	2,190	1,425	7.9	10.4	5.8	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	18.5	21.3	15.8
Commute to a different province or territory	380	315	65	0.8	1.5	0.3	98,060	60,210	37,850	0.9	1.1	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,660	30,690	27,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	51,355	26,915	24,440	87.5	87.7	87.4	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	83.9	86.4	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	47,895	25,365	22,525	81.6	82.6	80.5	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	77.5	81.5	72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,460	1,550	1,910	5.9	5.1	6.8	844,155	343,100	501,050	6.5	4.9	8.3
Public transit	1,750	810	935	3.0	2.6	3.3	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	7.7	6.0	9.6
Walked	3,130	1,410	1,720	5.3	4.6	6.2	672,815	296,610	376,205	5.2	4.2	6.2
Bicycle	810	565	250	1.4	1.8	0.9	138,615	92,195	46,415	1.1	1.3	0.8
Other method	1,615	995	620	2.8	3.2	2.2	285,820	144,225	141,595	2.2	2.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,660	30,690	27,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	25,335	11,730	13,600	43.2	38.2	48.6	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	32.0	28.4	36.2
15 to 29 minutes	21,040	11,060	9,975	35.9	36.0	35.7	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	34.8	34.5	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	7,190	4,230	2,960	12.3	13.8	10.6	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	19.1	20.8	17.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,100	1,375	725	3.6	4.5	2.6	910,610	542,485	368,125	7.0	7.7	6.1
60 minutes and over	2,995	2,290	700	5.1	7.5	2.5	926,120	599,115	327,005	7.1	8.5	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,660	30,690	27,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,025	2,185	840	5.2	7.1	3.0	938,820	701,960	236,865	7.2	10.0	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,945	5,145	2,800	13.5	16.8	10.0	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	17.4	20.9	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,500	8,510	6,985	26.4	27.7	25.0	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	26.3	25.3	27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,390	6,340	8,045	24.5	20.7	28.8	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	20.8	16.9	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,040	3,750	5,300	15.4	12.2	19.0	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	12.7	10.6	15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,755	4,760	4,000	14.9	15.5	14.3	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	15.5	16.3	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,455	13,565	12,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,870	950	920	7.1	7.0	7.1	897,205	456,120	441,085	12.2	12.1	12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,585	12,620	11,970	92.9	93.0	92.9	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	87.8	87.9	87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,965	10,270	9,690	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,485	755	730	7.4	7.4	7.5	682,190	346,420	335,770	12.7	12.5	12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	745	360	385	3.7	3.5	4.0	467,685	234,475	233,215	8.7	8.5	8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	745	400	345	3.7	3.9	3.6	214,500	111,950	102,550	4.0	4.1	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,480	9,520	8,960	92.6	92.7	92.5	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	87.3	87.5	87.1

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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