Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cowichan Valley, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,013	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	83,739	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,174	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,290	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,472.48	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,015	43,585	45,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,655	6,405	6,250	14.2	14.7	13.8
0 to 4 years	3,520	1,765	1,760	4.0	4.0	3.9
5 to 9 years	4,495	2,255	2,240	5.0	5.2	4.9
10 to 14 years	4,645	2,390	2,255	5.2	5.5	5.0
15 to 64 years	51,750	25,280	26,470	58.1	58.0	58.3
15 to 19 years	4,305	2,250	2,055	4.8	5.2	4.5
20 to 24 years	3,525	1,860	1,660	4.0	4.3	3.7
25 to 29 years	3,670	1,895	1,775	4.1	4.3	3.9
30 to 34 years	4,595	2,270	2,330	5.2	5.2	5.1
35 to 39 years	5,105	2,470	2,635	5.7	5.7	5.8
40 to 44 years	4,920	2,385	2,530	5.5	5.5	5.6
45 to 49 years	4,875	2,390	2,490	5.5	5.5	5.5
50 to 54 years	5,575	2,615	2,960	6.3	6.0	6.5
55 to 59 years	7,185	3,395	3,785	8.1	7.8	8.3
60 to 64 years	8,000	3,745	4,250	9.0	8.6	9.4
65 years and over	24,610	11,900	12,705	27.6	27.3	28.0
65 to 69 years	7,975	3,805	4,170	9.0	8.7	9.2
70 to 74 years	6,985	3,475	3,515	7.8	8.0	7.7
75 to 79 years	4,335	2,125	2,210	4.9	4.9	4.9
80 to 84 years	2,735	1,355	1,380	3.1	3.1	3.0
85 years and over	2,575	1,135	1,440	2.9	2.6	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,600	780	815	1.8	1.8	1.8
90 to 94 years	770	290	475	0.9	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	180	55	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	14.7	13.8	14.2	14.7	13.8
15 to 64 years	58.1	58.0	58.3	58.1	58.0	58.3
65 years and over	27.6	27.3	28.0	27.6	27.3	28.0
85 years and over	2.9	2.6	3.2	2.9	2.6	3.2
Average age of the population	47.0	46.3	47.6	47.0	46.3	47.6
Median age of the population	50.8	49.6	51.6	50.8	49.6	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,045	...	...	72.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,565	...	...	4.2	...	...
Row house	1,615	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,420	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,560	...	...	9.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,925	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,140	...	...	27.2	...	...
2 persons	15,475	...	...	41.5	...	...
3 persons	5,030	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	4,005	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,645	...	...	7.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,330	42,755	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	76,355	37,180	39,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,555	23,250	23,305	61.0	62.5	59.5
Married	37,150	18,575	18,575	48.7	50.0	47.4
Living common-law	9,405	4,675	4,730	12.3	12.6	12.1
Living common law - Never married	6,015	3,030	2,990	7.9	8.1	7.6
Living common law - Separated	450	220	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,580	1,265	1,315	3.4	3.4	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	360	160	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	29,800	13,930	15,870	39.0	37.5	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,880	9,365	7,515	22.1	25.2	19.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,160	940	1,225	2.8	2.5	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,035	2,485	3,545	7.9	6.7	9.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,730	1,135	3,590	6.2	3.1	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,750	...	...	62.7	...	...
3 persons	4,730	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	3,715	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,540	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,750	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	18,050	...	...	67.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,825	...	...	25.5	...	...
Without children	11,225	...	...	42.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,700	...	...	17.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,690	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	3,010	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,990	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,915	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,075	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,330	42,755	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	70,880	35,215	35,665	81.2	82.4	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,495	22,690	22,810	52.1	53.1	51.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,985	1,075	2,915	4.6	2.5	6.5
Children⁶	21,395	11,455	9,945	24.5	26.8	22.3
In a two-parent family	15,310	8,100	7,205	17.5	18.9	16.2
In a one-parent family	6,090	3,350	2,735	7.0	7.8	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,450	7,540	8,910	18.8	17.6	20.0
Living alone	10,135	4,390	5,745	11.6	10.3	12.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,430	1,055	1,375	2.8	2.5	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,880	2,090	1,795	4.4	4.9	4.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,570	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	19,830	...	...	53.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,240	...	...	19.4	...	...
Without children	12,585	...	...	33.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,740	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,125	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,625	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,460	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	10,135	...	...	27.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	74,725	36,375	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,965	35,530	37,435	97.6	97.7	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,600	34,400	39,600	45,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,010	35,550	37,460	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,000	36,400	41,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,840	32,000	32,835	86.8	88.0	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	39,600	25,000	31,600	39,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,450	23,470	22,975	62.2	64.5	59.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	28,000	34,000	42,000	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,420	29,130	33,285	83.5	80.1	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,800	12,800	12,800	12,800	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,120	3,050	3,070	8.2	8.4	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,725	7,790	8,935	22.4	21.4	23.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	74,735	36,385	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,880	35,505	37,385	97.5	97.6	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,850	41,920	49,200	56,850	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,930	35,530	37,405	97.6	97.7	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	48,040	37,120	42,440	48,040	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,835	32,075	32,770	86.8	88.2	85.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,280	51,950	34,840	43,280	51,950	34,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,445	23,720	22,725	62.1	65.2	59.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	52,050	35,920	44,160	52,050	35,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,340	29,065	33,275	83.4	79.9	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,480	12,170	12,760	12,480	12,170	12,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,175	3,120	3,055	8.3	8.6	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,375	6,040	6,710	6,375	6,040	6,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,605	7,615	8,990	22.2	20.9	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,770	8,530	8,980	8,770	8,530	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	74,740	36,390	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,705	11,125	8,575	26.4	30.6	22.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	67,000	54,400	60,400	67,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900	76,100	59,600	68,900	76,100	59,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,730	9,030	10,700	26.4	24.8	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	24,400	16,800	19,800	24,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	36,320	23,700	29,480	36,320	23,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	82.4	72.8	78.2	82.4	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.2	61.2	52.1	57.2	61.2	52.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.7	17.5	27.1	21.7	17.5	27.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.1	6.8	5.3	4.1	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.2	5.2	4.1	3.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	74,725	36,375	38,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,760	845	915	2.4	2.3	2.4
With total income	72,965	35,525	37,440	97.6	97.7	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,245	2,715	3,530	8.6	7.6	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,180	3,545	5,630	12.6	10.0	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	11,535	4,700	6,835	15.8	13.2	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,030	4,440	5,590	13.7	12.5	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,555	3,965	4,585	11.7	11.2	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,865	3,375	3,485	9.4	9.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,115	2,800	2,320	7.0	7.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	2,315	1,620	5.4	6.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,940	1,835	1,105	4.0	5.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,295	1,445	850	3.1	4.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,270	4,380	1,895	8.6	12.3	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	4,535	3,130	1,405	6.2	8.8	3.8
$150,000 and over	1,735	1,245	490	2.4	3.5	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	74,725	36,375	38,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,715	825	895	2.3	2.3	2.3
With after-tax income	73,015	35,555	37,460	97.7	97.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,595	2,820	3,775	9.0	7.9	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,545	3,700	5,850	13.1	10.4	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,960	5,330	7,635	17.7	15.0	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,410	5,200	6,215	15.6	14.6	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,500	4,515	4,990	13.0	12.7	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,140	3,865	3,270	9.8	10.9	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,035	2,925	2,110	6.9	8.2	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	2,245	1,335	4.9	6.3	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,450	1,600	855	3.4	4.5	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,570	1,080	490	2.2	3.0	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,220	2,275	945	4.4	6.4	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840	1,300	540	2.5	3.7	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,380	975	400	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	74,725	36,375	38,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,280	12,905	15,370	37.8	35.5	40.1
With employment income	46,450	23,475	22,980	62.2	64.5	59.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,585	3,505	4,080	16.3	14.9	17.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,645	1,535	2,115	7.8	6.5	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,550	2,305	3,245	11.9	9.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,575	2,010	2,565	9.8	8.6	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,420	1,990	2,430	9.5	8.5	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,080	1,895	2,185	8.8	8.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,550	1,770	1,780	7.6	7.5	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	1,650	1,240	6.2	7.0	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,340	1,445	900	5.0	6.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,000	1,240	760	4.3	5.3	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,675	1,095	585	3.6	4.7	2.5
$100,000 and over	4,135	3,030	1,105	8.9	12.9	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,170	1,525	645	4.7	6.5	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,965	1,505	460	4.2	6.4	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	74,725	36,375	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,245	34,610	36,635	95.3	95.1	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	32,000	37,600	45,200	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,415	34,635	36,780	95.6	95.2	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	29,200	34,000	40,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,560	31,815	32,740	86.4	87.5	85.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,200	26,600	33,200	41,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,790	25,250	24,540	66.6	69.4	64.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	27,400	32,800	40,400	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,940	23,010	28,930	69.5	63.3	75.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,900	9,800	10,500	11,900	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,880	2,350	2,525	6.5	6.5	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	5,000	4,840	4,920	5,000	4,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	74,735	36,385	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,260	34,670	36,590	95.4	95.3	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,160	57,250	39,520	48,160	57,250	39,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,395	34,695	36,705	95.5	95.4	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880	47,880	34,280	40,880	47,880	34,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,545	31,970	32,575	86.4	87.9	84.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	54,300	35,320	44,720	54,300	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,830	25,550	24,280	66.7	70.2	63.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	51,000	34,320	42,880	51,000	34,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,170	23,115	29,050	69.8	63.5	75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,430	10,750	10,180	10,430	10,750	10,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,885	2,410	2,475	6.5	6.6	6.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	6,040	6,840	6,450	6,040	6,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	74,740	36,390	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,530	11,020	8,510	26.1	30.3	22.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	66,500	50,000	58,000	66,500	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	74,400	55,050	66,000	74,400	55,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,920	8,725	10,195	25.3	24.0	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	32,400	22,400	25,800	32,400	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	43,600	28,280	35,360	43,600	28,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.4	79.6	84.2	87.4	79.6
Employment income (%)	62.3	65.6	57.6	62.3	65.6	57.6
Government transfers (%)	15.9	12.5	20.4	15.9	12.5	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,040	...	...	49,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,720	...	...	42,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	295	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	715	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,610	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,205	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,485	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,520	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,005	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,740	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,180	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,005	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,430	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,695	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,575	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	755	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,670	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,390	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,415	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,740	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,755	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,760	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,370	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,290	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,680	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,315	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,285	...	...	30.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,575	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,855	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,855	...	...	10.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,020	6,480	7,545	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,200	36,000	37,600	39,200	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	33,600	34,800	36,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,500	...	...	100,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,900	...	...	121,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...	75,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,020	6,480	7,535	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,600	49,480	44,120	46,600	49,480	44,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,760	42,520	39,240	40,760	42,520	39,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,330	42,750	44,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,240	7,765	7,475	17.5	18.2	16.8
0 to 5 years	4,365	2,155	2,210	5.0	5.0	5.0
18 to 64 years	48,445	23,490	24,955	55.5	54.9	56.0
65 years and over	23,650	11,500	12,145	27.1	26.9	27.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,315	4,285	5,025	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,990	1,015	980	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	600	295	300	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,555	2,145	2,410	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,765	1,135	1,630	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	10.0	11.3	10.7	10.0	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	13.1	13.0	13.1	13.1	13.0	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	13.7	13.7	13.6	13.7	13.7	13.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.1	9.7	9.4	9.1	9.7
65 years and over (%)	11.7	9.9	13.4	11.7	9.9	13.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	82,760	40,360	42,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,835	7,005	6,830	16.7	17.4	16.1
0 to 5 years	3,955	1,975	1,980	4.8	4.9	4.7
18 to 64 years	45,695	22,070	23,625	55.2	54.7	55.7
65 years and over	23,235	11,285	11,950	28.1	28.0	28.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,225	1,130	1,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	410	210	200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	50	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,535	795	735	...	...	...
65 years and over	280	125	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,330	42,750	44,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,380	21,230	23,155	50.8	49.7	51.9
In bottom decile	8,710	4,140	4,570	10.0	9.7	10.3
In second decile	8,975	4,095	4,885	10.3	9.6	11.0
In third decile	8,985	4,325	4,665	10.3	10.1	10.5
In fourth decile	8,695	4,195	4,500	10.0	9.8	10.1
In fifth decile	9,010	4,480	4,540	10.3	10.5	10.2
In top half of the distribution	42,950	21,525	21,425	49.2	50.4	48.1
In sixth decile	9,210	4,560	4,650	10.5	10.7	10.4
In seventh decile	9,075	4,510	4,565	10.4	10.5	10.2
In eighth decile	8,785	4,400	4,385	10.1	10.3	9.8
In ninth decile	8,915	4,530	4,380	10.2	10.6	9.8
In top decile	6,970	3,520	3,445	8.0	8.2	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,330	...	...	87,330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.433	...	...	0.433	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,305	43,275	45,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	82,750	40,865	41,885	93.7	94.4	93.0
French only	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,335	2,320	3,010	6.0	5.4	6.7
Neither English nor French	205	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,305	43,275	45,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,180	42,725	44,455	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	880	445	430	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,305	43,275	45,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,035	42,695	44,345	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	81,885	40,360	41,525	92.7	93.3	92.2
English	80,925	39,865	41,060	91.6	92.1	91.2
French	965	495	465	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	5,150	2,335	2,815	5.8	5.4	6.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	140	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,010	2,275	2,735	5.7	5.3	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	370	120	250	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	100	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,425	1,610	1,815	3.9	3.7	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	505	220	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	490	210	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,685	795	890	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	840	395	450	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	825	385	435	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	640	310	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	560	260	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	665	335	335	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	620	305	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	490	235	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	230	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	260	100	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	400	170	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	390	165	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	230	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,270	580	690	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	845	385	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,305	43,275	45,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,155	40,925	42,230	94.2	94.6	93.8
French	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	735	335	400	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	690	315	375	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	650	285	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,495	1,600	1,890	4.0	3.7	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,305	43,275	45,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,660	42,980	44,680	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	86,120	42,250	43,865	97.5	97.6	97.4
English	85,965	42,180	43,785	97.4	97.5	97.2
French	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	1,545	725	820	1.7	1.7	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,475	690	780	1.7	1.6	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	720	355	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	355	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	300	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	645	295	345	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	540	245	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,305	43,275	45,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,555	41,570	42,980	95.8	96.1	95.4
English	750	360	390	0.8	0.8	0.9
French	535	230	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,090	930	1,165	2.4	2.1	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,865	825	1,045	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,330	42,715	44,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	87,110	42,625	44,475	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	87,095	42,620	44,475	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	5,310	2,320	2,990	6.1	5.4	6.7
Non-official languages	8,635	3,965	4,670	9.9	9.3	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	855	400	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	765	360	405	0.9	0.8	0.9
Halkomelem	745	355	395	0.9	0.8	0.9
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,835	3,595	4,235	9.0	8.4	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	565	185	375	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	160	340	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,660	2,620	3,045	6.5	6.1	6.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	600	275	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	590	265	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,315	1,085	1,235	2.7	2.5	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,345	685	655	1.5	1.6	1.5
German	1,330	685	650	1.5	1.6	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	790	340	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Afrikaans	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	650	260	390	0.7	0.6	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	795	430	370	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	755	390	365	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	530	285	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,085	945	1,140	2.4	2.2	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,685	750	935	1.9	1.8	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	225	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	205	75	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	435	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	115	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,330	42,715	44,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,985	5,535	5,460	12.6	13.0	12.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,720	5,435	5,290	12.3	12.7	11.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,980	4,055	3,925	9.1	9.5	8.8
Métis	2,715	1,365	1,350	3.1	3.2	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	76,345	37,185	39,160	87.4	87.1	87.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,330	42,715	44,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,800	3,395	3,405	7.8	7.9	7.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	80,530	39,315	41,210	92.2	92.0	92.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,380	...	...	78.8	...	...
Renter	7,380	...	...	19.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	530	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,270	...	...	8.8	...	...
Not condominium	34,020	...	...	91.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,375	...	...	9.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,685	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,120	...	...	37.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,950	...	...	26.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,795	...	...	20.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,220	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,975	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,005	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,295	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,795	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	495	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,935	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,355	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,895	...	...	15.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,180	...	...	27.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,065	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,845	...	...	18.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,085	...	...	5.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,850	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,085	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,280	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,820	...	...	93.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,470	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,520	...	...	47.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,775	...	...	47.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,990	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	425	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,085	...	...	8.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,920	...	...	13.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,635	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,510	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,725	...	...	23.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,445	...	...	11.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,540	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,035	...	...	81.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,690	...	...	18.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,060	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,600	...	...	25.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,005	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	965	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,735	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	505	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,690	...	...	74.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,735	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not in core need	32,360	...	...	92.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,292	...	...	1,292	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	624,000	...	...	624,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	681,000	...	...	681,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.1	...	...	36.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,199	...	...	1,199	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	530	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	486	...	...	486	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,330	42,710	44,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,335	3,250	3,080	7.3	7.6	6.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,295	3,225	3,070	7.2	7.6	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,740	2,925	2,815	6.6	6.8	6.3
Métis single ancestry	550	295	255	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,175	2,505	2,665	5.9	5.9	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,985	2,435	2,545	5.7	5.7	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,370	1,620	1,750	3.9	3.8	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,590	805	790	1.8	1.9	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	185	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	75,825	36,955	38,870	86.8	86.5	87.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,330	42,715	44,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	84,590	41,500	43,095	96.9	97.2	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,950	7,610	7,340	17.1	17.8	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,640	33,890	35,755	79.7	79.3	80.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,740	1,215	1,520	3.1	2.8	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,330	42,715	44,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,465	37,670	38,795	87.6	88.2	86.9
Immigrants⁸¹	10,435	4,860	5,575	11.9	11.4	12.5
Before 1980	5,525	2,625	2,900	6.3	6.1	6.5
1980 to 1990	1,195	510	690	1.4	1.2	1.5
1991 to 2000	935	460	475	1.1	1.1	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,350	630	720	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,435	635	800	1.6	1.5	1.8
2011 to 2015	645	305	340	0.7	0.7	0.8
2016 to 2021	785	330	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	430	175	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,435	4,860	5,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,400	625	780	13.4	12.9	14.0
5 to 14 years	2,135	1,085	1,055	20.5	22.3	18.9
15 to 24 years	2,225	955	1,275	21.3	19.7	22.9
25 to 44 years	3,885	1,840	2,045	37.2	37.9	36.7
45 years and over	795	365	425	7.6	7.5	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,435	4,860	5,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,805	710	1,090	17.3	14.6	19.6
Brazil	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Colombia	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyana	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	105	50	50	1.0	1.0	0.9
Peru	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	55	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	1,295	520	775	12.4	10.7	13.9
Other places of birth in Americas	225	80	145	2.2	1.6	2.6
Europe	6,145	2,990	3,160	58.9	61.5	56.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	50	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
France	105	40	65	1.0	0.8	1.2
Germany	680	320	365	6.5	6.6	6.5
Greece	55	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.6
Hungary	85	45	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
Italy	70	30	35	0.7	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	530	235	300	5.1	4.8	5.4
Poland	105	55	50	1.0	1.1	0.9
Portugal	45	30	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Romania	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Russian Federation	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	35	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,620	1,795	1,825	34.7	36.9	32.7
Other places of birth in Europe	670	335	335	6.4	6.9	6.0
Africa	410	220	195	3.9	4.5	3.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	215	120	90	2.1	2.5	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	175	80	95	1.7	1.6	1.7
Asia	1,795	785	1,005	17.2	16.2	18.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	45	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	195	95	105	1.9	2.0	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	30	55	0.8	0.6	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	105	55	55	1.0	1.1	1.0
Taiwan	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	430	145	290	4.1	3.0	5.2
Viet Nam	80	35	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	440	205	235	4.2	4.2	4.2
Pakistan	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	260	110	150	2.5	2.3	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	280	155	120	2.7	3.2	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	785	330	455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	55	85	18.5	16.7	18.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
United States of America	105	45	60	13.4	13.6	13.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	1.9	3.0	2.2
Europe	190	90	100	24.2	27.3	22.0
France	15	15	0	1.9	4.5	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	50	35	11.5	15.2	7.7
Other places of birth in Europe	65	15	50	8.3	4.5	11.0
Africa	20	10	0	2.5	3.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	1.3	3.0	0.0
Asia	420	165	255	53.5	50.0	56.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	3.8	3.0	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	40	45	10.8	12.1	9.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	1.9	0.0	3.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	0	15	2.5	0.0	3.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	165	75	90	21.0	22.7	19.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	6.4	6.1	6.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	1.9	0.0	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
Australia	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,330	42,715	44,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,995	5,600	6,390	13.7	13.1	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,870	7,930	7,945	18.2	18.6	17.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,465	29,185	30,285	68.1	68.3	67.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,910	2,235	2,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,640	1,255	1,385	53.8	56.2	51.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,115	655	455	22.7	29.3	17.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,520	600	925	31.0	26.8	34.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,005	885	1,120	40.8	39.6	41.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	240	95	145	4.9	4.3	5.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,910	2,235	2,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	15	25	0.8	0.7	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,160	595	565	23.6	26.6	21.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	85	80	3.3	3.8	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	235	60	170	4.8	2.7	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	15	40	1.1	0.7	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,260	1,465	1,795	66.4	65.5	67.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,330	42,715	44,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,885	2,310	2,585	5.6	5.4	5.8
South Asian	1,295	650	645	1.5	1.5	1.4
Chinese	770	405	370	0.9	0.9	0.8
Black	630	260	370	0.7	0.6	0.8
Filipino	645	230	420	0.7	0.5	0.9
Arab	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	265	100	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	190	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	320	165	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	82,445	40,405	42,035	94.4	94.6	94.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,330	42,715	44,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,805	5,405	5,400	12.4	12.7	12.1
English	29,815	14,105	15,705	34.1	33.0	35.2
Irish	15,780	7,240	8,545	18.1	16.9	19.2
Scottish	21,985	10,375	11,615	25.2	24.3	26.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,390	3,430	3,960	8.5	8.0	8.9
German	11,280	5,380	5,900	12.9	12.6	13.2
Chinese	1,005	510	495	1.2	1.2	1.1
Italian	2,540	1,350	1,195	2.9	3.2	2.7
Indian (India)	1,105	600	505	1.3	1.4	1.1
Ukrainian	3,915	1,815	2,100	4.5	4.2	4.7
Dutch	4,645	2,210	2,430	5.3	5.2	5.4
Polish	2,590	1,100	1,490	3.0	2.6	3.3
Québécois	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,220	2,490	2,730	6.0	5.8	6.1
Filipino	635	250	385	0.7	0.6	0.9
French Canadian	850	400	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,545	830	720	1.8	1.9	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,660	2,385	2,275	5.3	5.6	5.1
Métis	2,365	1,190	1,170	2.7	2.8	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,650	1,330	1,310	3.0	3.1	2.9
Russian	1,815	895	920	2.1	2.1	2.1
Norwegian	3,465	1,585	1,880	4.0	3.7	4.2
Welsh	2,860	1,270	1,595	3.3	3.0	3.6
Portuguese	470	210	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	1,885	930	955	2.2	2.2	2.1
Spanish	645	325	315	0.7	0.8	0.7
Swedish	2,495	1,180	1,315	2.9	2.8	2.9
Hungarian	905	445	465	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	335	150	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	370	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	225	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	685	310	375	0.8	0.7	0.8
Korean	200	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	445	195	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	105	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	1,670	825	855	1.9	1.9	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	610	275	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sikh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,020	515	505	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belgian	485	215	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	300	150	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	590	270	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
Finnish	1,060	490	565	1.2	1.1	1.3
Sri Lankan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	245	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	445	230	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	910	440	480	1.0	1.0	1.1
Muslim	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	640	265	375	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	295	115	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	190	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	265	105	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Australian	345	140	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	505	275	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,330	42,715	44,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	355	135	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	29,440	13,115	16,325	33.7	30.7	36.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,130	2,815	3,315	7.0	6.6	7.4
Anabaptist	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	4,740	2,025	2,715	5.4	4.7	6.1
Baptist	1,380	635	740	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	8,135	3,630	4,500	9.3	8.5	10.1
Christian Orthodox	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	490	230	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	255	105	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	810	360	445	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	680	320	360	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	660	265	390	0.8	0.6	0.9
Reformed	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	3,710	1,545	2,165	4.2	3.6	4.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,780	815	970	2.0	1.9	2.2
Hindu	190	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	210	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	545	275	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,315	625	695	1.5	1.5	1.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,300	485	810	1.5	1.1	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	53,775	27,755	26,020	61.6	65.0	58.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,710	42,385	44,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,235	37,905	39,335	89.1	89.4	88.7
Movers	9,475	4,480	5,000	10.9	10.6	11.3
Non-migrants	3,535	1,665	1,870	4.1	3.9	4.2
Migrants	5,940	2,815	3,130	6.9	6.6	7.1
Internal migrants	5,585	2,675	2,910	6.4	6.3	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,390	2,120	2,270	5.1	5.0	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,195	550	645	1.4	1.3	1.5
External migrants	355	140	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	83,845	40,890	42,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,285	24,780	25,505	60.0	60.6	59.4
Movers	33,560	16,115	17,450	40.0	39.4	40.6
Non-migrants	7,430	3,540	3,890	8.9	8.7	9.1
Migrants	26,130	12,570	13,560	31.2	30.7	31.6
Internal migrants	24,670	11,930	12,745	29.4	29.2	29.7
Intraprovincial migrants	20,130	9,710	10,425	24.0	23.7	24.3
Interprovincial migrants	4,540	2,220	2,320	5.4	5.4	5.4
External migrants	1,455	645	810	1.7	1.6	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,740	36,390	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,135	8,150	5,985	18.9	22.4	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,605	28,240	32,370	81.1	77.6	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,380	20,825	22,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,125	3,720	2,400	14.1	17.9	10.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,255	17,110	20,150	85.9	82.2	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,740	36,390	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,690	6,560	5,130	15.6	18.0	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,655	11,200	12,455	31.6	30.8	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,390	18,625	20,765	52.7	51.2	54.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,040	12,995	13,045	34.8	35.7	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,210	6,260	1,950	11.0	17.2	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,215	1,860	1,350	4.3	5.1	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,000	4,400	600	6.7	12.1	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,695	5,665	9,030	19.7	15.6	23.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,135	1,070	2,070	4.2	2.9	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,355	5,635	7,720	17.9	15.5	20.1
Bachelor's degree	8,455	3,355	5,100	11.3	9.2	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	390	665	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	255	150	0.5	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	2,975	1,395	1,575	4.0	3.8	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	455	240	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,375	20,825	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,845	2,925	1,925	11.2	14.0	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,115	6,485	6,635	30.2	31.1	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,410	11,420	13,995	58.6	54.8	62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,770	8,205	8,565	38.7	39.4	38.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,115	3,930	1,190	11.8	18.9	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,960	1,120	840	4.5	5.4	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,160	2,810	350	7.3	13.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,695	3,615	6,075	22.4	17.4	26.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965	660	1,305	4.5	3.2	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,645	3,215	5,430	19.9	15.4	24.1
Bachelor's degree	5,710	2,110	3,595	13.2	10.1	15.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	645	210	430	1.5	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	130	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	1,835	680	1,150	4.2	3.3	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,740	36,390	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,345	17,760	17,585	47.3	48.8	45.9
Education	3,470	865	2,595	4.6	2.4	6.8
13. Education	3,470	865	2,595	4.6	2.4	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,330	570	765	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	100	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,185	465	715	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	1,635	665	970	2.2	1.8	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	500	140	360	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	335	110	225	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	140	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	240	145	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,920	1,330	2,590	5.2	3.7	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	20	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	135	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	870	105	765	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	495	140	360	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	735	190	545	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,285	675	615	1.7	1.9	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,495	2,020	4,475	8.7	5.6	11.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	140	525	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,825	1,875	3,945	7.8	5.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,330	735	600	1.8	2.0	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	305	265	0.8	0.8	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	375	295	85	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	965	580	390	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	505	285	1.1	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,955	8,405	555	12.0	23.1	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	960	870	90	1.3	2.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,685	1,465	215	2.3	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,595	2,530	65	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,175	2,095	80	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,420	1,370	55	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,610	935	675	2.2	2.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	885	390	485	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	730	545	190	1.0	1.5	0.5
Health and related fields	6,960	1,105	5,855	9.3	3.0	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	225	205	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,350	785	5,570	8.5	2.2	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,710	1,410	1,295	3.6	3.9	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,610	485	1,125	2.2	1.3	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	330	235	100	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	735	665	70	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	43,380	20,825	22,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,965	9,410	8,555	41.4	45.2	37.9
Education	1,865	355	1,505	4.3	1.7	6.7
13. Education	1,865	355	1,505	4.3	1.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	830	345	485	1.9	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	285	455	1.7	1.4	2.0
Humanities	890	305	590	2.1	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	270	40	230	0.6	0.2	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	75	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	120	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,780	875	1,905	6.4	4.2	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	95	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	75	555	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	350	80	270	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	510	110	395	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	915	450	465	2.1	2.2	2.1
Business, management and public administration	4,250	1,215	3,040	9.8	5.8	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	65	340	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,845	1,150	2,695	8.9	5.5	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	860	430	435	2.0	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	155	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	95	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	225	170	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	725	445	280	1.7	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	660	430	230	1.5	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,515	5,115	400	12.7	24.6	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	570	495	75	1.3	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	965	820	150	2.2	3.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,740	1,700	35	4.0	8.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,345	1,280	65	3.1	6.1	0.3
48. Precision production	820	780	40	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	590	550	2.6	2.8	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	615	240	370	1.4	1.2	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	350	180	1.2	1.7	0.8
Health and related fields	4,610	725	3,890	10.6	3.5	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	160	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,155	495	3,665	9.6	2.4	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,940	1,020	925	4.5	4.9	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,180	385	800	2.7	1.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	165	70	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	515	455	55	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	43,380	20,825	22,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,965	9,410	8,555	41.4	45.2	37.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,415	11,415	14,000	58.6	54.8	62.1
Location of study inside Canada	23,010	10,345	12,670	53.0	49.7	56.2
Same as province or territory of residence	17,895	7,935	9,960	41.3	38.1	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,115	2,410	2,705	11.8	11.6	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,405	1,075	1,335	5.5	5.2	5.9
Americas	810	335	475	1.9	1.6	2.1
United States of America	690	300	385	1.6	1.4	1.7
Mexico	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	835	435	400	1.9	2.1	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	80	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	535	255	275	1.2	1.2	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	540	180	365	1.2	0.9	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	225	40	180	0.5	0.2	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	145	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australia	135	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	74,740	36,385	38,350	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,310	21,325	19,985	...	...	...
Employed	38,275	19,645	18,630	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,035	1,675	1,360	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,430	15,065	18,365	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.3	58.6	52.1	55.3	58.6	52.1
Employment rate	51.2	54.0	48.6	51.2	54.0	48.6
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.9	6.8	7.3	7.9	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	74,740	36,390	38,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,835	14,885	17,945	43.9	40.9	46.8
Worked	41,905	21,505	20,400	56.1	59.1	53.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	20,470	11,585	8,890	27.4	31.8	23.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,435	9,915	11,520	28.7	27.2	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.6	39.9	40.8	41.6	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,310	21,320	19,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	340	330	1.6	1.6	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	40,635	20,975	19,655	98.4	98.4	98.3
Employee	32,215	16,180	16,030	78.0	75.9	80.2
Permanent position	27,180	14,005	13,175	65.8	65.7	65.9
Temporary position	5,030	2,175	2,855	12.2	10.2	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,310	505	805	3.2	2.4	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,715	1,665	2,050	9.0	7.8	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,425	4,800	3,625	20.4	22.5	18.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,310	21,320	19,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	340	330	1.6	1.6	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	40,635	20,975	19,655	98.4	98.4	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	410	260	150	1.0	1.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,570	1,275	4,300	13.5	6.0	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,350	1,800	550	5.7	8.4	2.8
3 Health occupations	3,210	580	2,635	7.8	2.7	13.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,215	1,550	3,665	12.6	7.3	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,220	510	715	3.0	2.4	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	10,095	4,035	6,055	24.4	18.9	30.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,970	8,190	775	21.7	38.4	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,060	1,520	545	5.0	7.1	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,535	1,265	270	3.7	5.9	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,310	21,320	19,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	340	330	1.6	1.6	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	40,635	20,975	19,655	98.4	98.4	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,955	1,425	530	4.7	6.7	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	230	30	0.6	1.1	0.2
22 Utilities	145	120	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	4,685	4,010	680	11.3	18.8	3.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,780	2,205	570	6.7	10.3	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	685	505	180	1.7	2.4	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,915	2,255	2,665	11.9	10.6	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,400	1,085	320	3.4	5.1	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	545	330	220	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,050	360	690	2.5	1.7	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	630	360	270	1.5	1.7	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,495	1,220	1,275	6.0	5.7	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,945	1,120	825	4.7	5.3	4.1
61 Educational services	3,155	895	2,265	7.6	4.2	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	5,510	990	4,525	13.3	4.6	22.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	910	450	460	2.2	2.1	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,685	1,085	1,605	6.5	5.1	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,945	900	1,045	4.7	4.2	5.2
91 Public administration	2,875	1,405	1,470	7.0	6.6	7.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,345	23,185	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,575	22,910	21,665	98.3	98.8	97.8
French	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	290	85	205	0.6	0.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	370	140	230	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,345	23,185	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,245	23,155	22,095	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	45,150	23,100	22,050	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	45,045	23,090	21,960	99.3	99.6	99.1
French	100	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,345	23,185	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,760	22,980	21,780	98.7	99.1	98.3
English	105	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	190	65	130	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	240	95	145	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	155	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,270	19,645	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,815	2,930	3,880	17.8	14.9	20.8
Worked outside Canada	65	60	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,895	5,110	1,785	18.0	26.0	9.6
Usual place of work	24,500	11,540	12,955	64.0	58.7	69.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,500	11,540	12,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,710	3,390	4,320	31.5	29.4	33.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,570	4,665	5,905	43.1	40.4	45.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,020	3,335	2,685	24.6	28.9	20.7
Commute to a different province or territory	195	145	50	0.8	1.3	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,390	16,655	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,330	15,210	13,115	90.3	91.3	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,535	14,350	12,185	84.5	86.2	82.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,790	860	930	5.7	5.2	6.3
Public transit	295	130	160	0.9	0.8	1.1
Walked	1,760	760	1,000	5.6	4.6	6.8
Bicycle	290	175	110	0.9	1.1	0.7
Other method	730	375	355	2.3	2.3	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,390	16,655	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,785	5,290	6,490	37.5	31.8	44.0
15 to 29 minutes	9,890	5,120	4,770	31.5	30.7	32.4
30 to 44 minutes	4,850	2,850	2,000	15.5	17.1	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,310	1,570	735	7.4	9.4	5.0
60 minutes and over	2,560	1,820	740	8.2	10.9	5.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,390	16,655	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325	1,730	595	7.4	10.4	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,530	3,660	1,875	17.6	22.0	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,265	4,545	3,720	26.3	27.3	25.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,955	2,810	4,150	22.2	16.9	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,175	1,470	2,705	13.3	8.8	18.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,140	2,445	1,695	13.2	14.7	11.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,540	7,915	7,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,155	605	550	7.4	7.6	7.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,390	7,310	7,080	92.6	92.4	92.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,735	6,020	5,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	900	465	430	7.7	7.7	7.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	235	225	3.9	3.9	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	230	210	3.8	3.8	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,835	5,550	5,290	92.3	92.2	92.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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