Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Okanagan-Similkameen, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	90,178	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	83,022	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,436	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,406.64	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	90,180	43,590	46,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,125	5,175	4,945	11.2	11.9	10.6
0 to 4 years	2,970	1,500	1,475	3.3	3.4	3.2
5 to 9 years	3,435	1,745	1,690	3.8	4.0	3.6
10 to 14 years	3,715	1,935	1,785	4.1	4.4	3.8
15 to 64 years	50,260	24,375	25,885	55.7	55.9	55.6
15 to 19 years	3,675	1,910	1,765	4.1	4.4	3.8
20 to 24 years	3,225	1,675	1,550	3.6	3.8	3.3
25 to 29 years	3,485	1,730	1,755	3.9	4.0	3.8
30 to 34 years	4,315	2,130	2,190	4.8	4.9	4.7
35 to 39 years	4,855	2,430	2,430	5.4	5.6	5.2
40 to 44 years	4,555	2,290	2,265	5.1	5.3	4.9
45 to 49 years	4,635	2,235	2,400	5.1	5.1	5.2
50 to 54 years	5,145	2,445	2,700	5.7	5.6	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,310	3,345	3,960	8.1	7.7	8.5
60 to 64 years	9,060	4,195	4,870	10.0	9.6	10.5
65 years and over	29,790	14,040	15,755	33.0	32.2	33.8
65 to 69 years	8,840	4,185	4,660	9.8	9.6	10.0
70 to 74 years	7,875	3,870	4,000	8.7	8.9	8.6
75 to 79 years	5,440	2,655	2,790	6.0	6.1	6.0
80 to 84 years	3,810	1,770	2,045	4.2	4.1	4.4
85 years and over	3,825	1,560	2,265	4.2	3.6	4.9
85 to 89 years	2,340	1,070	1,270	2.6	2.5	2.7
90 to 94 years	1,170	405	770	1.3	0.9	1.7
95 to 99 years	270	75	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.2	11.9	10.6	11.2	11.9	10.6
15 to 64 years	55.7	55.9	55.6	55.7	55.9	55.6
65 years and over	33.0	32.2	33.8	33.0	32.2	33.8
85 years and over	4.2	3.6	4.9	4.2	3.6	4.9
Average age of the population	50.5	49.6	51.4	50.5	49.6	51.4
Median age of the population	56.0	54.4	56.8	56.0	54.4	56.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,070	...	...	58.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,180	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	2,985	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,510	...	...	3.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,760	...	...	16.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,230	...	...	3.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,040	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,170	...	...	32.1	...	...
2 persons	17,770	...	...	43.4	...	...
3 persons	4,540	...	...	11.1	...	...
4 persons	3,430	...	...	8.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,080	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,055	38,410	41,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,040	24,020	24,015	60.0	62.5	57.7
Married	39,200	19,620	19,580	49.0	51.1	47.0
Living common-law	8,835	4,395	4,435	11.0	11.4	10.6
Living common law - Never married	5,355	2,720	2,635	6.7	7.1	6.3
Living common law - Separated	450	235	220	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,610	1,280	1,325	3.3	3.3	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	420	165	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	32,015	14,390	17,625	40.0	37.5	42.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,250	8,995	7,255	20.3	23.4	17.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,440	1,095	1,350	3.0	2.9	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,840	2,810	4,030	8.5	7.3	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,485	1,495	4,995	8.1	3.9	12.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,515	...	...	68.6	...	...
3 persons	4,175	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 persons	3,095	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,190	...	...	4.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,320	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	18,910	...	...	70.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,970	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	12,940	...	...	48.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,415	...	...	16.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,245	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	3,165	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,655	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,780	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,660	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,245	33,725	34,520	77.9	79.5	76.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,645	23,275	23,370	53.2	54.8	51.7
Parents in one-parent families	3,655	875	2,780	4.2	2.1	6.1
Children⁶	17,950	9,575	8,370	20.5	22.6	18.5
In a two-parent family	12,655	6,635	6,015	14.4	15.6	13.3
In a one-parent family	5,300	2,940	2,360	6.0	6.9	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,420	8,720	10,700	22.2	20.5	23.7
Living alone	13,165	5,535	7,635	15.0	13.0	16.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,950	810	1,145	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	4,295	2,380	1,915	4.9	5.6	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,465	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	20,795	...	...	50.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,200	...	...	15.1	...	...
Without children	14,600	...	...	35.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,670	...	...	6.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	945	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,360	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,715	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	13,165	...	...	32.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	77,560	37,280	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,265	36,625	39,645	98.3	98.2	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,295	36,640	39,655	98.4	98.3	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	31,400	34,400	38,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,610	32,810	34,795	87.2	88.0	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	34,800	23,600	28,600	34,800	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,020	23,615	23,400	60.6	63.3	58.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,200	26,200	30,000	35,200	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,205	30,690	35,510	85.4	82.3	88.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	14,200	13,500	13,800	14,200	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,595	3,690	3,900	9.8	9.9	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,760	5,480	5,520	5,760	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,840	7,795	9,045	21.7	20.9	22.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	77,520	37,230	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,280	36,640	39,645	98.4	98.4	98.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	54,900	41,360	47,840	54,900	41,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,310	36,665	39,645	98.4	98.5	98.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,240	46,240	36,640	41,240	46,240	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,685	32,865	34,825	87.3	88.3	86.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,240	49,120	33,760	41,240	49,120	33,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,995	23,570	23,425	60.6	63.3	58.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,280	47,960	34,600	41,280	47,960	34,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,260	30,660	35,600	85.5	82.4	88.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,980	12,920	13,040	12,980	12,920	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,555	3,665	3,890	9.7	9.8	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,570	6,590	6,540	6,570	6,590	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,790	7,905	8,885	21.7	21.2	22.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,490	8,900	8,710	8,490	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	77,515	37,230	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,210	9,775	8,440	23.5	26.3	21.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,800	52,800	57,600	62,800	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	74,700	57,800	66,900	74,700	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,160	10,075	11,080	27.3	27.1	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,000	16,800	18,400	20,000	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,680	33,400	24,360	28,680	33,400	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	80.2	71.8	76.4	80.2	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.2	56.2	49.4	53.2	56.2	49.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.6	19.7	28.3	23.6	19.7	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.5	5.3	4.3	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	4.8	4.0	3.3	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	77,560	37,275	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,290	650	645	1.7	1.7	1.6
With total income	76,270	36,625	39,645	98.3	98.3	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,655	2,350	3,305	7.4	6.4	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,995	3,970	6,030	13.1	10.8	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,235	6,180	8,055	18.7	16.9	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,140	4,830	6,310	14.6	13.2	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,195	4,255	4,935	12.1	11.6	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,040	3,440	3,600	9.2	9.4	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,120	2,830	2,290	6.7	7.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	2,105	1,495	4.7	5.7	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	1,570	1,010	3.4	4.3	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,955	1,150	800	2.6	3.1	2.0
$100,000 and over	5,745	3,945	1,800	7.5	10.8	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	3,870	2,555	1,315	5.1	7.0	3.3
$150,000 and over	1,875	1,385	490	2.5	3.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	77,560	37,275	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,265	640	630	1.6	1.7	1.6
With after-tax income	76,290	36,640	39,655	98.4	98.3	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,030	2,475	3,560	7.9	6.8	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,360	4,105	6,250	13.6	11.2	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,715	6,795	8,915	20.6	18.5	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,770	5,685	7,080	16.7	15.5	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,050	4,810	5,240	13.2	13.1	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,145	3,840	3,300	9.4	10.5	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,575	2,685	1,885	6.0	7.3	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,115	1,855	1,265	4.1	5.1	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	1,300	845	2.8	3.5	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,295	860	435	1.7	2.3	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,110	2,225	885	4.1	6.1	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,550	1,090	460	2.0	3.0	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,560	1,135	425	2.0	3.1	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	77,560	37,275	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,545	13,660	16,885	39.4	36.6	41.9
With employment income	47,015	23,615	23,400	60.6	63.4	58.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,420	4,085	4,330	17.9	17.3	18.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,185	1,830	2,350	8.9	7.7	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,890	2,570	3,320	12.5	10.9	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,010	2,225	2,785	10.7	9.4	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,535	1,980	2,555	9.6	8.4	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,995	1,870	2,125	8.5	7.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,570	1,745	1,825	7.6	7.4	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,755	1,645	1,105	5.9	7.0	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,025	1,220	800	4.3	5.2	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,675	995	680	3.6	4.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,320	790	530	2.8	3.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,645	2,645	995	7.8	11.2	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,795	1,190	605	3.8	5.0	2.6
$125,000 and over	1,850	1,460	390	3.9	6.2	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	77,560	37,280	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,105	36,020	39,080	96.8	96.6	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,800	35,200	41,200	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,250	36,040	39,205	97.0	96.7	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	37,200	28,200	31,800	37,200	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,785	32,835	34,950	87.4	88.1	86.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,800	24,600	29,800	36,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,650	25,200	25,455	65.3	67.6	63.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	35,200	24,800	29,000	35,200	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,645	25,335	31,310	73.0	68.0	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	12,900	11,000	11,700	12,900	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,275	3,070	3,200	8.1	8.2	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	77,520	37,230	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,095	36,000	39,095	96.9	96.7	97.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	54,000	38,760	46,080	54,000	38,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,255	36,020	39,235	97.1	96.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	45,000	33,640	39,080	45,000	33,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,835	32,865	34,965	87.5	88.3	86.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	50,400	33,760	41,840	50,400	33,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,565	25,175	25,390	65.2	67.6	63.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,880	47,400	32,440	39,880	47,400	32,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,735	25,390	31,345	73.2	68.2	77.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,970	11,310	10,690	10,970	11,310	10,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,315	3,170	3,140	8.1	8.5	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,740	6,330	7,160	6,740	6,330	7,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	77,515	37,230	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,050	9,665	8,385	23.3	26.0	20.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	61,600	49,200	55,200	61,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	73,100	53,500	64,000	73,100	53,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,165	9,605	10,565	26.0	25.8	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	26,000	20,400	23,000	26,000	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,160	39,240	27,640	33,160	39,240	27,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	85.2	77.8	82.0	85.2	77.8
Employment income (%)	58.3	61.4	54.4	58.3	61.4	54.4
Government transfers (%)	18.0	14.8	22.1	18.0	14.8	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,200	...	...	46,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,720	...	...	40,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,320	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,720	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,735	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,020	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,985	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,885	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,125	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,935	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,670	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,895	...	...	31.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,455	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,005	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,975	...	...	7.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,460	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	945	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,430	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,940	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,975	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,270	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,115	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,845	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,320	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,095	...	...	24.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,270	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,420	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,405	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,465	7,910	9,550	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,400	34,400	35,200	36,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	33,600	32,400	32,800	33,600	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,360	7,770	9,590	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,120	47,080	41,720	44,120	47,080	41,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,960	40,960	37,360	38,960	40,960	37,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,320	6,305	6,020	14.1	14.9	13.3
0 to 5 years	3,675	1,850	1,825	4.2	4.4	4.0
18 to 64 years	47,190	22,690	24,505	53.8	53.5	54.2
65 years and over	28,150	13,455	14,695	32.1	31.7	32.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,135	4,615	5,520	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	695	630	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	370	195	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,620	2,185	2,435	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,185	1,735	2,450	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.9	12.2	11.6	10.9	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.0	10.5	10.8	11.0	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.1	10.6	9.6	10.1	10.6	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	14.9	12.9	16.7	14.9	12.9	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	84,005	40,675	43,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,815	6,050	5,760	14.1	14.9	13.3
0 to 5 years	3,515	1,790	1,730	4.2	4.4	4.0
18 to 64 years	45,455	21,875	23,580	54.1	53.8	54.4
65 years and over	26,735	12,750	13,985	31.8	31.3	32.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,565	1,305	1,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	350	185	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	45	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,835	945	885	...	...	...
65 years and over	380	170	210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.2	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.5	1.9	2.2	2.5	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.3	3.8	4.0	4.3	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,860	22,460	25,405	54.6	52.9	56.2
In bottom decile	9,230	4,355	4,875	10.5	10.3	10.8
In second decile	10,510	4,780	5,730	12.0	11.3	12.7
In third decile	9,580	4,455	5,130	10.9	10.5	11.3
In fourth decile	9,280	4,410	4,870	10.6	10.4	10.8
In fifth decile	9,265	4,460	4,800	10.6	10.5	10.6
In top half of the distribution	39,800	19,980	19,815	45.4	47.1	43.8
In sixth decile	9,200	4,550	4,650	10.5	10.7	10.3
In seventh decile	8,450	4,180	4,275	9.6	9.8	9.5
In eighth decile	8,165	4,155	4,010	9.3	9.8	8.9
In ninth decile	7,225	3,665	3,565	8.2	8.6	7.9
In top decile	6,750	3,435	3,315	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,660	...	...	87,660	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467	...	...	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,700	42,990	45,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	82,415	40,125	42,285	92.9	93.3	92.5
French only	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,440	2,435	3,010	6.1	5.7	6.6
Neither English nor French	805	405	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,700	42,990	45,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,335	41,810	44,525	97.3	97.3	97.4
French	1,435	710	720	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	790	400	385	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,700	42,990	45,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,300	42,330	44,965	98.4	98.5	98.4
Official languages	77,385	37,685	39,695	87.2	87.7	86.8
English	75,820	36,915	38,905	85.5	85.9	85.1
French	1,565	770	795	1.8	1.8	1.7
Non-official languages	9,915	4,645	5,265	11.2	10.8	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,815	4,605	5,210	11.1	10.7	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	505	165	340	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	130	280	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,050	3,895	4,155	9.1	9.1	9.1
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	920	390	530	1.0	0.9	1.2
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	905	385	525	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	195	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	165	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,600	1,215	1,385	2.9	2.8	3.0
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,700	790	915	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	1,625	745	875	1.8	1.7	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	340	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	485	240	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,810	1,410	1,405	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,740	1,360	1,380	3.1	3.2	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,575	1,275	1,300	2.9	3.0	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,595	815	780	1.8	1.9	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	290	155	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	670	325	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	600	315	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	140	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	325	140	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	5	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	140	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,405	660	745	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	345	165	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	925	445	485	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,700	42,990	45,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,660	38,725	40,935	89.8	90.1	89.6
French	285	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	2,500	1,260	1,245	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,500	1,255	1,245	2.8	2.9	2.7
English and French	770	335	435	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	5,230	2,405	2,820	5.9	5.6	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,700	42,990	45,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,705	42,530	45,175	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	83,470	40,420	43,050	94.1	94.0	94.2
English	83,080	40,230	42,850	93.7	93.6	93.7
French	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	4,235	2,110	2,130	4.8	4.9	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,230	2,105	2,125	4.8	4.9	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,505	1,775	1,730	4.0	4.1	3.8
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	340	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,335	1,165	1,170	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,305	1,145	1,155	2.6	2.7	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,225	1,105	1,120	2.5	2.6	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	575	325	255	0.6	0.8	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	235	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	305	205	100	0.3	0.5	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	995	460	530	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	830	390	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,700	42,990	45,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	83,310	40,535	42,775	93.9	94.3	93.6
English	1,660	805	855	1.9	1.9	1.9
French	570	240	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,705	1,210	1,500	3.0	2.8	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,625	1,175	1,450	3.0	2.7	3.2
English and French	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	215	80	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	86,860	42,075	44,785	99.1	99.1	99.0
English	86,825	42,060	44,765	99.0	99.1	99.0
French	5,460	2,490	2,970	6.2	5.9	6.6
Non-official languages	13,065	6,075	6,985	14.9	14.3	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	380	165	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	310	140	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,710	5,920	6,790	14.5	13.9	15.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	675	225	450	0.8	0.5	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	585	185	400	0.7	0.4	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,460	5,020	5,435	11.9	11.8	12.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,065	445	620	1.2	1.0	1.4
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,040	430	605	1.2	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	85	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian	230	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,255	1,540	1,715	3.7	3.6	3.8
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,255	1,080	1,180	2.6	2.5	2.6
German	2,245	1,070	1,175	2.6	2.5	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	860	405	455	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	250	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	495	215	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	260	110	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	150	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,180	1,555	1,630	3.6	3.7	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,095	1,510	1,585	3.5	3.6	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	505	265	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,895	1,405	1,490	3.3	3.3	3.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,155	1,565	1,590	3.6	3.7	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	505	205	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	750	395	355	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,000	1,010	990	2.3	2.4	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	190	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	440	190	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	110	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	340	155	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	265	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,640	3,130	3,510	7.6	7.4	7.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,420	3,015	3,405	7.3	7.1	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,605	1,720	1,880	4.1	4.1	4.2
Métis	2,790	1,275	1,515	3.2	3.0	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	81,025	39,315	41,710	92.4	92.6	92.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,635	1,235	1,405	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,030	41,210	43,820	97.0	97.1	96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,525	...	...	74.5	...	...
Renter	10,300	...	...	25.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,480	...	...	15.8	...	...
Not condominium	34,500	...	...	84.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	4,605	...	...	11.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,920	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,420	...	...	30.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,770	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,050	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,050	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	6,365	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	5,115	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,400	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,595	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	380	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,855	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,120	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,125	...	...	14.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,090	...	...	29.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,970	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,070	...	...	17.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,090	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,585	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,880	...	...	4.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,170	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,615	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,370	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,350	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,805	...	...	45.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,830	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	580	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,155	...	...	7.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,680	...	...	11.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,400	...	...	13.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,350	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,790	...	...	23.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,895	...	...	14.4	...	...
85 years and over	2,135	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,455	...	...	78.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,130	...	...	21.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,400	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,845	...	...	26.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,420	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	895	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,770	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	535	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,135	...	...	73.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,460	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not in core need	34,400	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.6	...	...	48.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	790	...	...	790	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	608,500	...	...	608,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,150	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.1	...	...	42.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,258	...	...	1,258	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	352	...	...	352	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,335	1,140	1,195	2.7	2.7	2.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,290	1,115	1,170	2.6	2.6	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,800	845	955	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis single ancestry	480	265	215	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,075	2,370	2,705	5.8	5.6	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,950	2,295	2,655	5.6	5.4	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,250	1,555	1,690	3.7	3.7	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,700	735	965	1.9	1.7	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	80,255	38,935	41,325	91.5	91.7	91.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,660	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	84,095	40,745	43,350	95.9	96.0	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,155	6,330	5,820	13.9	14.9	12.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,940	34,415	37,525	82.1	81.1	83.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,570	1,700	1,870	4.1	4.0	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,660	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,180	36,115	38,065	84.6	85.1	84.2
Immigrants⁸¹	12,625	5,885	6,735	14.4	13.9	14.9
Before 1980	5,950	2,780	3,170	6.8	6.5	7.0
1980 to 1990	1,630	750	880	1.9	1.8	1.9
1991 to 2000	1,590	700	890	1.8	1.6	2.0
2001 to 2010	1,670	775	895	1.9	1.8	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,790	890	905	2.0	2.1	2.0
2011 to 2015	820	430	395	0.9	1.0	0.9
2016 to 2021	970	460	515	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	865	445	420	1.0	1.0	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,625	5,885	6,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,355	715	645	10.7	12.1	9.6
5 to 14 years	2,145	1,080	1,065	17.0	18.4	15.8
15 to 24 years	3,170	1,400	1,770	25.1	23.8	26.3
25 to 44 years	4,775	2,170	2,605	37.8	36.9	38.6
45 years and over	1,180	525	650	9.3	8.9	9.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,625	5,885	6,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,790	765	1,025	14.2	13.0	15.2
Brazil	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
El Salvador	110	65	45	0.9	1.1	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mexico	135	70	65	1.1	1.2	1.0
Peru	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	1,145	465	680	9.1	7.9	10.1
Other places of birth in Americas	235	95	135	1.9	1.6	2.0
Europe	6,675	3,250	3,425	52.9	55.2	50.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	95	60	35	0.8	1.0	0.5
France	140	80	65	1.1	1.4	1.0
Germany	1,050	525	525	8.3	8.9	7.8
Greece	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Hungary	170	80	90	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italy	185	90	100	1.5	1.5	1.5
Netherlands	475	205	275	3.8	3.5	4.1
Poland	215	80	135	1.7	1.4	2.0
Portugal	500	265	235	4.0	4.5	3.5
Romania	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	45	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	60	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,580	1,290	1,290	20.4	21.9	19.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,015	450	565	8.0	7.6	8.4
Africa	540	265	270	4.3	4.5	4.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	330	170	160	2.6	2.9	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	130	55	75	1.0	0.9	1.1
Asia	3,355	1,455	1,895	26.6	24.7	28.1
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	50	120	1.3	0.8	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	145	75	70	1.1	1.3	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	595	200	395	4.7	3.4	5.9
Viet Nam	60	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,855	860	995	14.7	14.6	14.8
Pakistan	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	290	135	160	2.3	2.3	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	270	150	120	2.1	2.5	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	975	455	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	60	70	13.3	13.2	13.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	10	0	1.0	2.2	0.0
United States of America	85	45	45	8.7	9.9	8.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	25	2.6	0.0	4.9
Europe	175	90	85	17.9	19.8	16.5
France	20	10	0	2.1	2.2	0.0
Germany	25	0	20	2.6	0.0	3.9
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	30	25	5.6	6.6	4.9
Other places of birth in Europe	65	35	25	6.7	7.7	4.9
Africa	85	45	40	8.7	9.9	7.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	30	6.2	5.5	5.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	560	250	310	57.4	54.9	60.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	3.6	3.3	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	215	95	115	22.1	20.9	22.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.9
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	5.6	5.5	5.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	175	80	95	17.9	17.6	18.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	2.1	2.2	1.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	10	2.6	3.3	1.9
Australia	25	15	10	2.6	3.3	1.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,445	6,785	7,660	16.5	16.0	16.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,760	8,155	8,605	19.1	19.2	19.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	56,465	27,505	28,955	64.4	64.8	64.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,675	3,110	3,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,795	1,400	1,400	41.9	45.0	39.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,315	820	490	19.7	26.4	13.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,485	580	905	22.2	18.6	25.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,385	1,495	1,890	50.7	48.1	53.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	440	200	240	6.6	6.4	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	20	40	0.9	0.6	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,675	3,110	3,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	70	50	1.7	2.3	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,210	610	600	18.1	19.6	16.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	155	75	85	2.3	2.4	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	300	155	150	4.5	5.0	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	20	60	1.3	0.6	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,805	2,185	2,620	72.0	70.3	73.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,595	3,480	4,110	8.7	8.2	9.1
South Asian	3,445	1,690	1,750	3.9	4.0	3.9
Chinese	705	270	430	0.8	0.6	1.0
Black	555	250	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Filipino	835	290	545	1.0	0.7	1.2
Arab	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	590	330	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Southeast Asian	370	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	405	170	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	260	85	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,070	38,965	41,105	91.3	91.8	90.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,570	5,430	5,140	12.1	12.8	11.4
English	25,415	12,030	13,385	29.0	28.3	29.6
Irish	14,995	6,765	8,230	17.1	15.9	18.2
Scottish	18,670	8,830	9,840	21.3	20.8	21.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,120	3,865	4,255	9.3	9.1	9.4
German	14,695	6,940	7,760	16.8	16.4	17.2
Chinese	850	360	495	1.0	0.8	1.1
Italian	2,865	1,535	1,335	3.3	3.6	3.0
Indian (India)	2,065	965	1,100	2.4	2.3	2.4
Ukrainian	5,605	2,640	2,960	6.4	6.2	6.5
Dutch	4,345	2,050	2,285	5.0	4.8	5.1
Polish	3,160	1,410	1,750	3.6	3.3	3.9
Québécois	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,240	2,000	2,235	4.8	4.7	4.9
Filipino	805	300	505	0.9	0.7	1.1
French Canadian	1,110	470	645	1.3	1.1	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,580	810	760	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,330	1,180	1,150	2.7	2.8	2.5
Métis	2,350	1,100	1,245	2.7	2.6	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,905	950	955	2.2	2.2	2.1
Russian	2,915	1,360	1,560	3.3	3.2	3.4
Norwegian	3,665	1,645	2,020	4.2	3.9	4.5
Welsh	2,505	1,175	1,330	2.9	2.8	2.9
Portuguese	1,340	705	635	1.5	1.7	1.4
American	1,650	735	915	1.9	1.7	2.0
Spanish	715	335	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Swedish	2,655	1,205	1,450	3.0	2.8	3.2
Hungarian	1,555	655	895	1.8	1.5	2.0
Acadian	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	230	145	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	965	470	500	1.1	1.1	1.1
Vietnamese	130	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	330	200	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jamaican	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	615	270	345	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	590	285	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	120	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,505	660	840	1.7	1.6	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	590	290	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	665	325	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austrian	1,405	635	770	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belgian	595	290	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	360	240	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
Mennonite	450	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	630	305	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	640	305	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	380	195	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Japanese	470	200	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	780	365	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	675	330	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	540	235	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syrian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	330	135	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	330	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	240	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	210	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	550	250	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,665	42,445	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	100	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian	35,310	15,650	19,660	40.3	36.9	43.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,535	3,060	3,475	7.5	7.2	7.7
Anabaptist	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	3,795	1,640	2,160	4.3	3.9	4.8
Baptist	1,465	620	835	1.7	1.5	1.8
Catholic	10,985	4,965	6,025	12.5	11.7	13.3
Christian Orthodox	370	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	935	410	530	1.1	1.0	1.2
Latter Day Saints	315	115	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,810	835	980	2.1	2.0	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,045	440	605	1.2	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	610	220	390	0.7	0.5	0.9
Reformed	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,650	1,885	2,765	5.3	4.4	6.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,295	1,030	1,270	2.6	2.4	2.8
Hindu	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	2,730	1,335	1,395	3.1	3.1	3.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	375	160	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610	210	400	0.7	0.5	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	47,805	24,675	23,125	54.5	58.1	51.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	87,210	42,245	44,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,000	36,370	38,630	86.0	86.1	85.9
Movers	12,205	5,875	6,335	14.0	13.9	14.1
Non-migrants	5,150	2,470	2,680	5.9	5.8	6.0
Migrants	7,055	3,400	3,655	8.1	8.0	8.1
Internal migrants	6,805	3,280	3,525	7.8	7.8	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,140	2,500	2,635	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,665	780	890	1.9	1.8	2.0
External migrants	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,705	40,955	43,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,095	22,150	23,945	54.4	54.1	54.7
Movers	38,615	18,800	19,810	45.6	45.9	45.3
Non-migrants	11,020	5,355	5,670	13.0	13.1	13.0
Migrants	27,590	13,450	14,145	32.6	32.8	32.3
Internal migrants	25,890	12,635	13,245	30.6	30.9	30.3
Intraprovincial migrants	20,120	9,795	10,330	23.8	23.9	23.6
Interprovincial migrants	5,765	2,845	2,915	6.8	6.9	6.7
External migrants	1,705	810	895	2.0	2.0	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,520	37,230	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,185	8,235	6,950	19.6	22.1	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,330	28,995	33,335	80.4	77.9	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,575	20,235	22,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,685	3,335	2,350	13.4	16.5	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,890	16,895	19,995	86.6	83.5	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,515	37,235	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,640	6,575	6,065	16.3	17.7	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,235	11,820	13,415	32.6	31.7	33.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,640	18,840	20,805	51.1	50.6	51.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,880	13,085	13,795	34.7	35.1	34.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,140	6,195	1,945	10.5	16.6	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,140	1,875	1,265	4.1	5.0	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,000	4,315	680	6.5	11.6	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,315	5,990	10,330	21.0	16.1	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,425	905	1,520	3.1	2.4	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,760	5,755	7,005	16.5	15.5	17.4
Bachelor's degree	8,195	3,600	4,595	10.6	9.7	11.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	400	515	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	485	310	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	2,700	1,145	1,560	3.5	3.1	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	305	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,575	20,230	22,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,575	2,635	1,940	10.7	13.0	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,225	6,600	6,625	31.1	32.6	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,770	10,990	13,775	58.2	54.3	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,390	7,600	8,785	38.5	37.6	39.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,430	3,405	1,020	10.4	16.8	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,655	985	665	3.9	4.9	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,775	2,420	355	6.5	12.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,465	3,620	6,845	24.6	17.9	30.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,490	575	920	3.5	2.8	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,380	3,390	4,990	19.7	16.8	22.3
Bachelor's degree	5,535	2,215	3,320	13.0	10.9	14.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	590	235	355	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	175	140	0.7	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	1,705	635	1,070	4.0	3.1	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	130	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,515	37,235	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,875	18,395	19,480	48.9	49.4	48.4
Education	3,310	980	2,325	4.3	2.6	5.8
13. Education	3,310	980	2,325	4.3	2.6	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	560	715	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	150	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	415	660	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	1,645	700	950	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	390	125	270	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	190	335	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	155	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	195	130	60	0.3	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,360	995	2,365	4.3	2.7	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	110	280	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	15	675	0.9	0.0	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	460	140	320	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	690	155	530	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,025	535	495	1.3	1.4	1.2
Business, management and public administration	7,245	2,470	4,775	9.3	6.6	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	105	555	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,555	2,345	4,210	8.5	6.3	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,415	785	630	1.8	2.1	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545	270	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	160	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	425	335	90	0.5	0.9	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	780	430	345	1.0	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	575	370	205	0.7	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	95	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,750	8,175	570	11.3	22.0	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	145	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	870	745	125	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,680	1,475	210	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,560	2,480	80	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,215	2,150	65	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,265	1,235	35	1.6	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,515	905	610	2.0	2.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	975	530	440	1.3	1.4	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	545	380	170	0.7	1.0	0.4
Health and related fields	7,435	1,325	6,105	9.6	3.6	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	230	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,860	980	5,885	8.8	2.6	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,905	1,500	1,405	3.7	4.0	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,810	570	1,245	2.3	1.5	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	320	115	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	620	580	40	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,575	20,230	22,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,805	9,240	8,565	41.8	45.7	38.3
Education	1,655	405	1,250	3.9	2.0	5.6
13. Education	1,655	405	1,250	3.9	2.0	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	890	340	545	2.1	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	790	265	525	1.9	1.3	2.3
Humanities	1,050	415	635	2.5	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	255	75	180	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	110	220	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	95	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,390	620	1,775	5.6	3.1	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	75	220	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	505	20	490	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	370	100	270	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	475	85	385	1.1	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	675	305	360	1.6	1.5	1.6
Business, management and public administration	4,665	1,450	3,215	11.0	7.2	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	25	405	1.0	0.1	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,220	1,415	2,805	9.9	7.0	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	905	430	470	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	165	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	90	175	0.6	0.4	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	240	175	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	545	315	225	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	435	295	140	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,040	4,635	410	11.8	22.9	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	545	445	100	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	965	820	145	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,520	65	3.7	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,195	1,155	35	2.8	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	660	635	25	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	590	465	2.5	2.9	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	690	370	315	1.6	1.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	220	145	0.9	1.1	0.6
Health and related fields	4,765	865	3,905	11.2	4.3	17.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	140	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,400	645	3,755	10.3	3.2	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,795	925	870	4.2	4.6	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,105	350	745	2.6	1.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	210	80	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	380	340	40	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,575	20,230	22,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,805	9,240	8,565	41.8	45.7	38.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,765	10,995	13,780	58.2	54.3	61.7
Location of study inside Canada	21,705	9,620	12,090	51.0	47.6	54.1
Same as province or territory of residence	15,505	6,725	8,780	36.4	33.2	39.3
Different than province or territory of residence	6,200	2,890	3,310	14.6	14.3	14.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,065	1,375	1,690	7.2	6.8	7.6
Americas	970	380	585	2.3	1.9	2.6
United States of America	810	325	485	1.9	1.6	2.2
Mexico	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazil	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	885	455	430	2.1	2.2	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	195	165	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	175	100	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	140	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	840	330	510	2.0	1.6	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Philippines	250	75	175	0.6	0.4	0.8
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	365	175	190	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	200	105	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	135	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	60	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	77,520	37,230	40,285	...	...	...
In the labour force	40,575	20,725	19,850	...	...	...
Employed	37,010	18,790	18,225	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,565	1,930	1,630	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,940	16,505	20,435	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.3	55.7	49.3	52.3	55.7	49.3
Employment rate	47.7	50.5	45.2	47.7	50.5	45.2
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.3	8.2	8.8	9.3	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	77,515	37,235	40,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,025	16,255	19,770	46.5	43.7	49.1
Worked	41,490	20,975	20,515	53.5	56.3	50.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,955	10,225	8,735	24.5	27.5	21.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,535	10,750	11,785	29.1	28.9	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.9	39.4	39.6	39.9	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,575	20,725	19,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	375	400	1.9	1.8	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,805	20,355	19,455	98.1	98.2	98.0
Employee	31,600	15,605	16,000	77.9	75.3	80.6
Permanent position	25,460	12,740	12,720	62.7	61.5	64.1
Temporary position	6,145	2,865	3,280	15.1	13.8	16.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,410	610	800	3.5	2.9	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,735	2,250	2,480	11.7	10.9	12.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,200	4,750	3,450	20.2	22.9	17.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,575	20,725	19,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	375	400	1.9	1.8	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,805	20,355	19,455	98.1	98.2	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360	265	95	0.9	1.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,890	1,400	4,495	14.5	6.8	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,790	1,350	435	4.4	6.5	2.2
3 Health occupations	3,695	695	3,000	9.1	3.4	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,775	1,175	2,600	9.3	5.7	13.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,060	385	680	2.6	1.9	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,045	4,680	6,365	27.2	22.6	32.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,930	7,255	675	19.5	35.0	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,655	1,900	755	6.5	9.2	3.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,610	1,255	355	4.0	6.1	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,575	20,725	19,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	375	400	1.9	1.8	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	39,805	20,355	19,455	98.1	98.2	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,350	1,530	820	5.8	7.4	4.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	870	700	165	2.1	3.4	0.8
22 Utilities	230	195	30	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	4,040	3,535	505	10.0	17.1	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,895	2,065	830	7.1	10.0	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	730	510	225	1.8	2.5	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,160	2,415	2,750	12.7	11.7	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,260	895	365	3.1	4.3	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	520	300	220	1.3	1.4	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,000	320	675	2.5	1.5	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	735	360	375	1.8	1.7	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,300	1,115	1,185	5.7	5.4	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,630	965	665	4.0	4.7	3.4
61 Educational services	2,085	570	1,520	5.1	2.8	7.7
62 Health care and social assistance	5,825	1,020	4,810	14.4	4.9	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,020	500	515	2.5	2.4	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,220	1,430	1,790	7.9	6.9	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,570	745	825	3.9	3.6	4.2
91 Public administration	2,320	1,170	1,150	5.7	5.6	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,075	22,795	22,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,455	21,935	21,520	96.4	96.2	96.6
French	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	305	180	120	0.7	0.8	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	305	185	120	0.7	0.8	0.5
English and French	410	200	205	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	830	425	405	1.8	1.9	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,075	22,795	22,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	44,855	22,695	22,160	99.5	99.6	99.4
Official languages	44,400	22,435	21,965	98.5	98.4	98.6
English	44,310	22,385	21,925	98.3	98.2	98.4
French	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	455	260	195	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	445	255	190	1.0	1.1	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	405	235	170	0.9	1.0	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	345	180	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	345	180	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	180	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	220	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	150	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,075	22,795	22,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,005	22,230	21,780	97.6	97.5	97.7
English	190	105	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	295	135	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	500	285	220	1.1	1.3	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	485	280	210	1.1	1.2	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,010	18,790	18,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,095	2,765	3,330	16.5	14.7	18.3
Worked outside Canada	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,475	4,085	1,390	14.8	21.7	7.6
Usual place of work	25,390	11,895	13,490	68.6	63.3	74.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,390	11,890	13,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,785	6,535	8,245	58.2	55.0	61.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,440	4,115	4,325	33.2	34.6	32.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,790	990	800	7.1	8.3	5.9
Commute to a different province or territory	375	255	120	1.5	2.1	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,860	15,980	14,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,190	13,740	12,445	84.9	86.0	83.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,105	12,820	11,285	78.1	80.2	75.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,085	920	1,160	6.8	5.8	7.8
Public transit	345	145	195	1.1	0.9	1.3
Walked	2,950	1,240	1,705	9.6	7.8	11.5
Bicycle	465	300	160	1.5	1.9	1.1
Other method	920	540	375	3.0	3.4	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,860	15,980	14,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,735	7,925	8,805	54.2	49.6	59.2
15 to 29 minutes	8,440	4,280	4,155	27.3	26.8	27.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,035	1,945	1,090	9.8	12.2	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,275	825	455	4.1	5.2	3.1
60 minutes and over	1,380	1,000	380	4.5	6.3	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,860	15,980	14,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,045	1,550	495	6.6	9.7	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,225	3,275	1,955	16.9	20.5	13.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,735	4,185	3,550	25.1	26.2	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,325	2,865	4,465	23.7	17.9	30.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,290	1,695	2,595	13.9	10.6	17.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,235	2,420	1,820	13.7	15.1	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,595	6,445	6,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	990	490	500	7.9	7.6	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,605	5,955	5,650	92.1	92.4	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,390	4,825	4,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	750	375	380	8.0	7.8	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	205	240	4.7	4.2	5.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	305	165	140	3.2	3.4	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,640	4,455	4,190	92.0	92.3	91.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table