Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Income
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Income of households in 2020
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Income of individuals in 2020
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Indigenous peoples
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Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Work activity during the reference year
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Statistic:
Characteristic Central Kootenay, Regional district (RD)More information:
British Columbia
[Census division]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 62,509 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 59,517 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 5.0 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 31,588 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 28,006 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 22,078.10 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 62,510 31,110 31,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 8,520 4,335 4,190 13.6 13.9 13.3 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6
0 to 4 years 2,355 1,190 1,165 3.8 3.8 3.7 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8
5 to 9 years 2,945 1,495 1,445 4.7 4.8 4.6 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3
10 to 14 years 3,225 1,650 1,580 5.2 5.3 5.0 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5
15 to 64 years 37,445 18,600 18,850 59.9 59.8 60.0 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2
15 to 19 years 2,875 1,525 1,350 4.6 4.9 4.3 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2
20 to 24 years 2,355 1,250 1,100 3.8 4.0 3.5 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7
25 to 29 years 2,935 1,460 1,475 4.7 4.7 4.7 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4
30 to 34 years 3,540 1,715 1,820 5.7 5.5 5.8 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7
35 to 39 years 3,875 1,935 1,945 6.2 6.2 6.2 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8
40 to 44 years 3,945 1,955 1,990 6.3 6.3 6.3 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5
45 to 49 years 3,850 1,925 1,925 6.2 6.2 6.1 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3
50 to 54 years 3,895 1,950 1,940 6.2 6.3 6.2 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4
55 to 59 years 4,705 2,240 2,460 7.5 7.2 7.8 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2
60 to 64 years 5,475 2,630 2,840 8.8 8.5 9.0 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0
65 years and over 16,535 8,180 8,360 26.5 26.3 26.6 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2
65 to 69 years 5,570 2,805 2,765 8.9 9.0 8.8 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1
70 to 74 years 4,690 2,385 2,305 7.5 7.7 7.3 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2
75 to 79 years 2,880 1,465 1,415 4.6 4.7 4.5 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6
80 to 84 years 1,815 840 975 2.9 2.7 3.1 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5
85 years and over 1,585 685 895 2.5 2.2 2.9 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9
85 to 89 years 1,025 490 540 1.6 1.6 1.7 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7
90 to 94 years 435 160 270 0.7 0.5 0.9 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9
95 to 99 years 110 35 75 0.2 0.1 0.2 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 13.6 13.9 13.3 13.6 13.9 13.3 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6
15 to 64 years 59.9 59.8 60.0 59.9 59.8 60.0 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2
65 years and over 26.5 26.3 26.6 26.5 26.3 26.6 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2
85 years and over 2.5 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9
Average age of the population 46.6 46.1 47.0 46.6 46.1 47.0 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8
Median age of the population 49.2 48.8 49.6 49.2 48.8 49.6 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 21,550 ... ... 77.0 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ...
Semi-detached house 600 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Row house 795 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 1,350 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 1,890 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Other single-attached house 195 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,615 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 8,940 ... ... 31.9 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
2 persons 11,405 ... ... 40.7 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
3 persons 3,465 ... ... 12.4 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
4 persons 2,745 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,450 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 61,175 30,515 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 53,990 26,780 27,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 31,800 15,855 15,945 58.9 59.2 58.6 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6
Married 24,085 12,025 12,060 44.6 44.9 44.3 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3
Living common-law 7,715 3,830 3,885 14.3 14.3 14.3 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3
Living common law - Never married 5,330 2,670 2,660 9.9 10.0 9.8 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4
Living common law - Separated 345 160 180 0.6 0.6 0.7 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 1,815 915 900 3.4 3.4 3.3 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2
Living common law - Widowed 220 80 140 0.4 0.3 0.5 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 22,185 10,925 11,260 41.1 40.8 41.4 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 13,065 7,395 5,675 24.2 27.6 20.9 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 1,630 765 865 3.0 2.9 3.2 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 4,295 1,965 2,325 8.0 7.3 8.5 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 3,195 805 2,390 5.9 3.0 8.8 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 18,120 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 11,575 ... ... 63.9 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ...
3 persons 3,085 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
4 persons 2,500 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 955 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 18,120 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 15,500 ... ... 85.5 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ...
Married couples 11,645 ... ... 64.3 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ...
With children6 4,280 ... ... 23.6 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ...
Without children 7,360 ... ... 40.6 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 3,855 ... ... 21.3 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
With children6 1,330 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Without children 2,525 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
Total one-parent families 2,620 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 1,900 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 720 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 61,175 30,520 30,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 47,590 23,665 23,925 77.8 77.5 78.0 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners 31,000 15,445 15,555 50.7 50.6 50.7 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6
Parents in one-parent families 2,625 720 1,900 4.3 2.4 6.2 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1
Children6 13,970 7,505 6,460 22.8 24.6 21.1 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1
In a two-parent family 10,015 5,370 4,645 16.4 17.6 15.2 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6
In a one-parent family 3,950 2,135 1,820 6.5 7.0 5.9 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 13,590 6,850 6,735 22.2 22.4 22.0 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2
Living alone 8,940 4,465 4,480 14.6 14.6 14.6 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8
Living with other relatives7 1,110 490 620 1.8 1.6 2.0 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9
Living with non-relatives only 3,545 1,900 1,640 5.8 6.2 5.3 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 16,160 ... ... 57.7 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ...
Couple-family households 14,100 ... ... 50.3 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ...
With children6 5,065 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
Without children 9,035 ... ... 32.3 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
One-parent-family households 2,060 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 430 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 175 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 970 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,330 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
One-person households 8,940 ... ... 31.9 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 52,675 26,195 26,480 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 51,520 25,635 25,885 97.8 97.9 97.8 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,000 42,400 31,600 36,000 42,400 31,600 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 51,530 25,640 25,895 97.8 97.9 97.8 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 33,600 38,800 29,800 33,600 38,800 29,800 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 46,000 23,145 22,855 87.3 88.4 86.3 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 27,600 35,200 21,400 27,600 35,200 21,400 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 33,820 17,495 16,325 64.2 66.8 61.7 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 29,200 36,400 23,400 29,200 36,400 23,400 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 44,385 21,355 23,030 84.3 81.5 87.0 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,700 12,900 12,500 12,700 12,900 12,500 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 5,280 2,805 2,475 10.0 10.7 9.3 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,760 6,000 5,480 5,760 6,000 5,480 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 12,925 6,300 6,630 24.5 24.1 25.0 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 52,675 26,215 26,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 51,605 25,760 25,850 98.0 98.3 97.7 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,960 52,750 39,200 45,960 52,750 39,200 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 51,630 25,765 25,865 98.0 98.3 97.8 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,040 45,160 34,920 40,040 45,160 34,920 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 45,980 23,170 22,820 87.3 88.4 86.2 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,480 47,320 31,560 39,480 47,320 31,560 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 33,820 17,475 16,345 64.2 66.7 61.8 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,160 47,480 32,320 40,160 47,480 32,320 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 44,415 21,415 23,000 84.3 81.7 86.9 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,520 12,300 12,720 12,520 12,300 12,720 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 5,200 2,745 2,455 9.9 10.5 9.3 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,940 6,930 6,950 6,940 6,930 6,950 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 12,940 6,385 6,560 24.6 24.4 24.8 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,850 8,680 9,020 8,850 8,680 9,020 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 52,680 26,220 26,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 12,530 7,235 5,295 23.8 27.6 20.0 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 60,000 68,000 52,400 60,000 68,000 52,400 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 66,400 73,300 56,900 66,400 73,300 56,900 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 16,305 7,640 8,665 31.0 29.1 32.8 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,400 22,600 15,500 18,400 22,600 15,500 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,320 34,320 23,020 28,320 34,320 23,020 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 76.6 80.6 71.2 76.6 80.6 71.2 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8
Employment income (%)19 57.2 61.0 52.2 57.2 61.0 52.2 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7
Government transfers (%)20 23.4 19.4 28.9 23.4 19.4 28.9 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.2 5.1 7.6 6.2 5.1 7.6 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.8 4.1 5.8 4.8 4.1 5.8 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 52,680 26,195 26,485 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 1,160 565 595 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5
With total income 51,520 25,630 25,885 97.8 97.8 97.7 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,450 1,850 2,600 8.6 7.2 10.0 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 7,020 2,845 4,175 13.6 11.1 16.1 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 9,650 4,210 5,440 18.7 16.4 21.0 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5
$30,000 to $39,999 7,185 3,215 3,975 13.9 12.5 15.4 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9
$40,000 to $49,999 5,740 2,800 2,935 11.1 10.9 11.3 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8
$50,000 to $59,999 4,470 2,305 2,165 8.7 9.0 8.4 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 3,185 1,820 1,370 6.2 7.1 5.3 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6
$70,000 to $79,999 2,485 1,535 945 4.8 6.0 3.7 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 1,795 1,180 620 3.5 4.6 2.4 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 1,520 965 560 3.0 3.8 2.2 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8
$100,000 and over 4,015 2,910 1,105 7.8 11.4 4.3 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3
$100,000 to $149,999 2,995 2,140 855 5.8 8.3 3.3 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2
$150,000 and over 1,015 770 250 2.0 3.0 1.0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 52,680 26,195 26,485 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 1,145 560 585 2.2 2.1 2.2 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5
With after-tax income 51,530 25,635 25,895 97.8 97.9 97.8 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,665 1,920 2,745 9.1 7.5 10.6 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 7,235 2,925 4,305 14.0 11.4 16.6 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0
$20,000 to $29,999 10,755 4,730 6,020 20.9 18.5 23.2 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 8,050 3,690 4,355 15.6 14.4 16.8 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1
$40,000 to $49,999 6,330 3,235 3,100 12.3 12.6 12.0 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1
$50,000 to $59,999 4,460 2,445 2,010 8.7 9.5 7.8 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 3,220 2,020 1,195 6.2 7.9 4.6 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1
$70,000 to $79,999 2,265 1,450 810 4.4 5.7 3.1 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 1,660 1,105 560 3.2 4.3 2.2 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9
$90,000 to $99,999 1,015 715 295 2.0 2.8 1.1 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6
$100,000 and over 1,885 1,395 490 3.7 5.4 1.9 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3
$100,000 to $124,999 1,095 820 275 2.1 3.2 1.1 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8
$125,000 and over 790 570 220 1.5 2.2 0.8 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 52,680 26,195 26,485 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 18,860 8,700 10,160 35.8 33.2 38.4 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9
With employment income 33,820 17,495 16,325 64.2 66.8 61.6 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 6,160 2,970 3,190 18.2 17.0 19.5 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7
$5,000 to $9,999 3,020 1,290 1,730 8.9 7.4 10.6 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5
$10,000 to $19,999 4,515 2,005 2,510 13.4 11.5 15.4 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 3,450 1,545 1,900 10.2 8.8 11.6 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4
$30,000 to $39,999 3,105 1,400 1,700 9.2 8.0 10.4 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8
$40,000 to $49,999 2,635 1,295 1,340 7.8 7.4 8.2 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4
$50,000 to $59,999 2,310 1,180 1,135 6.8 6.7 7.0 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8
$60,000 to $69,999 1,910 1,105 805 5.6 6.3 4.9 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 1,535 1,005 535 4.5 5.7 3.3 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 1,235 805 435 3.7 4.6 2.7 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8
$90,000 to $99,999 1,105 720 385 3.3 4.1 2.4 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1
$100,000 and over 2,850 2,185 665 8.4 12.5 4.1 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5
$100,000 to $124,999 1,600 1,185 415 4.7 6.8 2.5 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1
$125,000 and over 1,250 1,000 250 3.7 5.7 1.5 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 52,675 26,195 26,480 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 50,245 24,945 25,290 95.4 95.2 95.5 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,600 41,600 28,000 33,600 41,600 28,000 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 50,375 24,970 25,405 95.6 95.3 95.9 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,000 37,600 26,200 31,000 37,600 26,200 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 45,410 22,850 22,560 86.2 87.2 85.2 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 29,200 37,200 23,200 29,200 37,200 23,200 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 35,280 18,105 17,180 67.0 69.1 64.9 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 28,800 36,000 23,600 28,800 36,000 23,600 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 37,630 17,405 20,225 71.4 66.4 76.4 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,300 10,000 8,900 9,300 10,000 8,900 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 4,690 2,520 2,170 8.9 9.6 8.2 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,880 6,200 5,600 5,880 6,200 5,600 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 52,675 26,215 26,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 50,200 24,880 25,320 95.3 94.9 95.7 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,360 52,600 36,200 44,360 52,600 36,200 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 50,310 24,890 25,420 95.5 94.9 96.1 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,960 44,440 31,640 37,960 44,440 31,640 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 45,345 22,800 22,545 86.1 87.0 85.2 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,720 49,560 31,800 40,720 49,560 31,800 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 35,305 18,120 17,180 67.0 69.1 64.9 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,520 47,760 30,840 39,520 47,760 30,840 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 37,535 17,240 20,295 71.3 65.8 76.7 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,120 10,420 9,850 10,120 10,420 9,850 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 4,710 2,500 2,215 8.9 9.5 8.4 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,110 7,090 7,130 7,110 7,090 7,130 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 52,680 26,220 26,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 12,400 7,150 5,250 23.5 27.3 19.8 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 56,400 65,000 46,800 56,400 65,000 46,800 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 63,150 71,700 51,500 63,150 71,700 51,500 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 15,345 7,150 8,195 29.1 27.3 31.0 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 23,400 29,000 19,000 23,400 29,000 19,000 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 32,840 40,640 26,000 32,840 40,640 26,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 83.0 86.2 78.2 83.0 86.2 78.2 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0
Employment income (%) 62.7 66.0 57.8 62.7 66.0 57.8 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 17.0 13.7 21.8 17.0 13.7 21.8 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 28,005 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 69,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 62,800 ... ... 62,800 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 8,940 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 34,800 ... ... 34,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 32,400 ... ... 32,400 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 19,065 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 80,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 28,005 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 84,700 ... ... 84,700 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 73,800 ... ... 73,800 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 8,940 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,680 ... ... 44,680 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,240 ... ... 39,240 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 19,065 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 103,400 ... ... 103,400 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 295 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 165 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 310 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 815 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,740 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,205 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,160 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,345 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,345 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,215 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,450 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,205 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 1,920 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 1,610 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 1,550 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$100,000 and over 8,665 ... ... 30.9 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 2,955 ... ... 10.6 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 2,105 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 2,185 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$200,000 and over 1,425 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 325 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 180 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 330 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 840 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,810 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,345 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,315 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,480 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,510 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,425 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,750 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,365 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,170 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 1,865 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 1,555 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 6,750 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 2,905 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 1,795 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$150,000 and over 2,055 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 18,000 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 9,380 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 71,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 5,670 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 123,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 2,485 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,400 ... ... 60,400 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 57,200 ... ... 57,200 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 12,480 6,365 6,120 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 33,200 34,800 31,800 33,200 34,800 31,800 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 31,200 32,400 30,200 31,200 32,400 30,200 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 18,070 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,400 ... ... 102,400 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 9,400 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 91,900 ... ... 91,900 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 80,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 5,660 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 133,200 ... ... 133,200 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,300 ... ... 114,300 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 2,500 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 12,360 6,275 6,085 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 42,200 44,440 39,880 42,200 44,440 39,880 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 37,120 38,320 35,880 37,120 38,320 35,880 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 61,180 30,515 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 10,295 5,270 5,025 16.8 17.3 16.4 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0
0 to 5 years 2,930 1,485 1,445 4.8 4.9 4.7 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9
18 to 64 years 35,150 17,375 17,780 57.5 56.9 58.0 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9
65 years and over 15,730 7,875 7,855 25.7 25.8 25.6 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 8,595 4,140 4,455 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,485 750 735 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 425 215 215 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,330 2,145 2,185 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ...
65 years and over 2,775 1,245 1,535 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 14.1 13.6 14.5 14.1 13.6 14.5 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6
0 to 17 years (%) 14.4 14.3 14.6 14.4 14.3 14.6 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
0 to 5 years (%) 14.6 14.5 14.8 14.6 14.5 14.8 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
18 to 64 years (%) 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9
65 years and over (%) 17.7 15.8 19.5 17.7 15.8 19.5 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 61,085 30,475 30,610 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 10,275 5,260 5,015 16.8 17.3 16.4 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9
0 to 5 years 2,920 1,480 1,440 4.8 4.9 4.7 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8
18 to 64 years 35,090 17,345 17,740 57.4 56.9 58.0 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0
65 years and over 15,725 7,870 7,855 25.7 25.8 25.7 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 2,060 1,095 970 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 315 160 155 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 70 40 30 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 1,535 825 710 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ...
65 years and over 205 110 95 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.2 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0
0 to 17 years (%) 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
0 to 5 years (%) 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.2 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
18 to 64 years (%) 4.4 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.8 4.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7
65 years and over (%) 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 61,175 30,515 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 35,550 17,355 18,195 58.1 56.9 59.3 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1
In bottom decile 7,990 3,935 4,055 13.1 12.9 13.2 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2
In second decile 7,755 3,630 4,125 12.7 11.9 13.5 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5
In third decile 6,900 3,355 3,545 11.3 11.0 11.6 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2
In fourth decile 6,550 3,250 3,295 10.7 10.7 10.7 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1
In fifth decile 6,360 3,180 3,180 10.4 10.4 10.4 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0
In top half of the distribution 25,625 13,160 12,460 41.9 43.1 40.6 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9
In sixth decile 5,665 2,855 2,815 9.3 9.4 9.2 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9
In seventh decile 5,655 2,860 2,795 9.2 9.4 9.1 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9
In eighth decile 5,320 2,730 2,590 8.7 8.9 8.4 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8
In ninth decile 5,200 2,720 2,480 8.5 8.9 8.1 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7
In top decile 3,790 1,995 1,790 6.2 6.5 5.8 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 61,175 ... ... 61,175 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.314 ... ... 0.314 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.451 ... ... 0.451 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.281 ... ... 0.281 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 61,930 30,875 31,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 57,350 28,855 28,490 92.6 93.5 91.7 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1
French only 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7
English and French 4,460 1,965 2,495 7.2 6.4 8.0 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0
Neither English nor French 100 45 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 61,930 30,875 31,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 60,655 30,265 30,395 97.9 98.0 97.9 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2
French 1,110 545 565 1.8 1.8 1.8 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4
English and French 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3
Neither English nor French 85 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.2 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 61,930 30,875 31,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 60,890 30,395 30,490 98.3 98.4 98.2 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9
Official languages 55,795 28,080 27,710 90.1 90.9 89.2 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9
English 54,635 27,520 27,120 88.2 89.1 87.3 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3
French 1,155 560 595 1.9 1.8 1.9 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6
Non-official languages 5,100 2,320 2,780 8.2 7.5 9.0 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0
Indigenous languages39 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 5,085 2,310 2,775 8.2 7.5 8.9 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0
Maltese 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 195 50 140 0.3 0.2 0.5 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 160 45 115 0.3 0.1 0.4 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 85 50 35 0.1 0.2 0.1 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 4,165 1,955 2,215 6.7 6.3 7.1 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4
Albanian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 1,715 790 920 2.8 2.6 3.0 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9
Baltic languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,695 780 915 2.7 2.5 2.9 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 120 60 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 150 80 70 0.2 0.3 0.2 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5
Russian 1,205 535 675 1.9 1.7 2.2 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 95 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,425 655 770 2.3 2.1 2.5 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3
Frisian 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 975 450 520 1.6 1.5 1.7 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 910 415 490 1.5 1.3 1.6 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 60 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 355 170 185 0.6 0.6 0.6 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 255 120 135 0.4 0.4 0.4 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 95 35 55 0.2 0.1 0.2 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 50 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 405 200 205 0.7 0.6 0.7 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4
Indo-Aryan languages 380 190 185 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 275 140 135 0.4 0.5 0.4 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 590 290 305 1.0 0.9 1.0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 200 105 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portuguese 180 90 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romanian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3
Spanish 195 80 115 0.3 0.3 0.4 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 80 30 55 0.1 0.1 0.2 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 90 30 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 220 100 120 0.4 0.3 0.4 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8
Chinese languages 210 95 115 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 95 35 55 0.2 0.1 0.2 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 110 55 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 40 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 115 45 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,040 475 560 1.7 1.5 1.8 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1
English and French 290 145 145 0.5 0.5 0.5 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 665 295 375 1.1 1.0 1.2 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5
French and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 61,930 30,875 31,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 57,105 28,680 28,430 92.2 92.9 91.5 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6
French 240 120 115 0.4 0.4 0.4 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6
Non-official language 530 245 290 0.9 0.8 0.9 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 530 245 290 0.9 0.8 0.9 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7
English and French 735 335 395 1.2 1.1 1.3 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6
English and non-official language(s) 3,140 1,415 1,725 5.1 4.6 5.6 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4
French and non-official language(s) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 135 60 80 0.2 0.2 0.3 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3
Multiple non-official languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 61,930 30,875 31,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 61,365 30,625 30,740 99.1 99.2 99.0 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7
Official languages 60,110 30,050 30,060 97.1 97.3 96.8 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7
English 59,770 29,880 29,885 96.5 96.8 96.2 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5
French 345 170 175 0.6 0.6 0.6 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2
Non-official languages 1,250 570 685 2.0 1.8 2.2 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,250 570 685 2.0 1.8 2.2 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 835 385 445 1.3 1.2 1.4 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 215 100 115 0.3 0.3 0.4 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 215 100 115 0.3 0.3 0.4 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 115 45 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 205 95 120 0.3 0.3 0.4 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 130 55 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 120 50 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 260 130 130 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 240 125 120 0.4 0.4 0.4 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 40 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 180 90 85 0.3 0.3 0.3 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 145 60 80 0.2 0.2 0.3 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 25 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 60 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 70 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 125 55 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8
Chinese languages 120 55 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 565 250 315 0.9 0.8 1.0 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3
English and French 110 50 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 450 200 250 0.7 0.6 0.8 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 61,930 30,875 31,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 58,355 29,245 29,110 94.2 94.7 93.7 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5
English 705 325 380 1.1 1.1 1.2 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3
French 550 255 295 0.9 0.8 0.9 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6
Non-official language 1,980 905 1,075 3.2 2.9 3.5 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3
Indigenous39 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 1,955 900 1,060 3.2 2.9 3.4 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2
English and French 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 80 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 105 45 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 145 65 80 0.2 0.2 0.3 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 61,175 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 61,095 30,465 30,625 99.9 99.8 99.9 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8
English 61,085 30,465 30,620 99.9 99.8 99.9 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2
French 4,450 1,890 2,560 7.3 6.2 8.3 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6
Non-official languages 7,810 3,505 4,310 12.8 11.5 14.1 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3
Indigenous languages39 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7
Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 7,755 3,485 4,270 12.7 11.4 13.9 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 45 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 305 100 205 0.5 0.3 0.7 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 280 100 180 0.5 0.3 0.6 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1
Creole languages 40 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian Creole 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 50 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 35 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6
Telugu 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 6,495 2,985 3,515 10.6 9.8 11.5 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 2,055 940 1,115 3.4 3.1 3.6 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4
Baltic languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,045 935 1,110 3.3 3.1 3.6 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 130 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Polish 195 105 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Russian 1,555 695 860 2.5 2.3 2.8 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 150 75 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,980 990 990 3.2 3.2 3.2 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frisian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,335 690 640 2.2 2.3 2.1 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3
German 1,305 680 625 2.1 2.2 2.0 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 550 270 275 0.9 0.9 0.9 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 120 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 395 195 195 0.6 0.6 0.6 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 155 65 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 50 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 40 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 525 255 275 0.9 0.8 0.9 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0
Indo-Aryan languages 480 230 250 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 275 135 140 0.4 0.4 0.5 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 370 170 200 0.6 0.6 0.7 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 35 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,220 960 1,265 3.6 3.1 4.1 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 345 155 190 0.6 0.5 0.6 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5
Portuguese 205 120 85 0.3 0.4 0.3 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 25 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 1,725 695 1,030 2.8 2.3 3.4 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 170 80 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 80 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 35 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 95 25 75 0.2 0.1 0.2 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 70 10 55 0.1 0.0 0.2 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 305 160 145 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5
Chinese languages 305 160 145 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 170 80 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 195 95 100 0.3 0.3 0.3 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 65 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 30 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 45 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 200 80 120 0.3 0.3 0.4 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 60 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 140 55 80 0.2 0.2 0.3 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 61,175 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 4,090 1,970 2,120 6.7 6.5 6.9 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1
Single Indigenous responses46 4,010 1,935 2,075 6.6 6.3 6.8 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) 1,720 775 945 2.8 2.5 3.1 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9
Métis 2,245 1,135 1,115 3.7 3.7 3.6 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7
Inuk (Inuit) 40 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses47 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 57,085 28,545 28,540 93.3 93.5 93.1 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 61,175 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 845 395 460 1.4 1.3 1.5 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 60,335 30,125 30,200 98.6 98.7 98.5 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 21,800 ... ... 77.8 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ...
Renter 6,175 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 30 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 1,175 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Not condominium 26,835 ... ... 95.8 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 195 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
1 bedroom 3,015 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 8,030 ... ... 28.7 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
3 bedrooms 9,525 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 7,255 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 6,760 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ...
5 rooms 4,675 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
6 rooms 4,680 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
7 rooms 3,425 ... ... 12.2 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 8,470 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.4 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 27,740 ... ... 99.1 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 265 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 27,045 ... ... 96.6 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ...
Not suitable 965 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 7,215 ... ... 25.8 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 8,710 ... ... 31.1 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 2,850 ... ... 10.2 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
1991 to 2000 4,090 ... ... 14.6 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
2001 to 2005 1,065 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 1,665 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
2011 to 2015 1,210 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
2016 to 202157 1,205 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 25,590 ... ... 91.4 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed 2,415 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 14,390 ... ... 51.4 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 12,420 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,195 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 28,005 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 420 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
25 to 34 years 2,725 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 4,155 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
45 to 54 years 4,405 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
55 to 64 years 5,905 ... ... 21.1 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ...
65 to 74 years 6,460 ... ... 23.1 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
75 to 84 years 2,910 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
85 years and over 1,010 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 27,600 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 22,795 ... ... 82.6 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 4,805 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 4,380 ... ... 15.9 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 28,010 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 7,435 ... ... 26.5 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 4,155 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 735 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 1,805 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 125 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 510 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 85 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 15 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 20,575 ... ... 73.5 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 27,175 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 2,960 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 24,220 ... ... 89.1 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 21,490 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 49.3 ... ... 49.3 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 12.5 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 7.6 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 725 ... ... 725 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,047 ... ... 1,047 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 448,000 ... ... 448,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 478,400 ... ... 478,400 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 6,170 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 12.2 ... ... 12.2 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 34.6 ... ... 34.6 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 22.6 ... ... 22.6 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 970 ... ... 970 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,055 ... ... 1,055 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 30 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 520 ... ... 520 ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 480 ... ... 480 ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 61,180 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 805 405 400 1.3 1.3 1.3 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 775 385 390 1.3 1.3 1.3 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 460 215 245 0.8 0.7 0.8 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1
Métis single ancestry 315 165 145 0.5 0.5 0.5 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4
Inuit single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 25 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 3,815 1,825 1,990 6.2 6.0 6.5 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 3,725 1,780 1,945 6.1 5.8 6.3 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,340 1,095 1,240 3.8 3.6 4.0 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1,325 650 670 2.2 2.1 2.2 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 56,560 28,290 28,275 92.4 92.7 92.2 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 61,180 30,515 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 58,540 29,350 29,195 95.7 96.2 95.2 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 10,160 5,185 4,970 16.6 17.0 16.2 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 48,380 24,160 24,220 79.1 79.2 79.0 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3
Not Canadian citizens78 2,640 1,170 1,465 4.3 3.8 4.8 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 61,180 30,515 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 53,280 26,770 26,505 87.1 87.7 86.4 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8
Immigrants81 7,140 3,370 3,770 11.7 11.0 12.3 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8
Before 1980 3,295 1,650 1,650 5.4 5.4 5.4 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4
1980 to 1990 845 365 480 1.4 1.2 1.6 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6
1991 to 2000 700 305 395 1.1 1.0 1.3 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4
2001 to 2010 985 445 545 1.6 1.5 1.8 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5
2011 to 202182 1,310 605 705 2.1 2.0 2.3 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9
2011 to 2015 465 220 245 0.8 0.7 0.8 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2
2016 to 2021 845 385 460 1.4 1.3 1.5 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7
Non-permanent residents83 760 375 385 1.2 1.2 1.3 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 7,140 3,370 3,765 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 875 480 390 12.3 14.2 10.4 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4
5 to 14 years 1,255 650 605 17.6 19.3 16.1 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1
15 to 24 years 1,540 740 805 21.6 22.0 21.4 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9
25 to 44 years 2,915 1,235 1,680 40.8 36.6 44.6 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6
45 years and over 555 265 290 7.8 7.9 7.7 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 7,140 3,370 3,765 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 2,215 980 1,235 31.0 29.1 32.8 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0
Brazil 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6
Colombia 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0
El Salvador 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6
Guyana 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3
Jamaica 65 25 35 0.9 0.7 0.9 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9
Mexico 85 30 50 1.2 0.9 1.3 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1
Peru 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.3 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4
Trinidad and Tobago 20 15 0 0.3 0.4 0.0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8
United States of America 1,845 820 1,025 25.8 24.3 27.2 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2
Other places of birth in Americas 145 45 95 2.0 1.3 2.5 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1
Europe 3,785 1,935 1,850 53.0 57.4 49.1 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatia 35 15 15 0.5 0.4 0.4 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4
France 115 55 55 1.6 1.6 1.5 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3
Germany 555 310 245 7.8 9.2 6.5 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5
Greece 20 0 15 0.3 0.0 0.4 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6
Hungary 95 45 50 1.3 1.3 1.3 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italy 180 80 100 2.5 2.4 2.7 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3
Netherlands 310 175 135 4.3 5.2 3.6 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8
Poland 130 60 70 1.8 1.8 1.9 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7
Portugal 90 45 45 1.3 1.3 1.2 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5
Romania 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0
Russian Federation 70 20 50 1.0 0.6 1.3 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1
Serbia86 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.3 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ukraine 40 15 30 0.6 0.4 0.8 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0
United Kingdom87 1,555 825 730 21.8 24.5 19.4 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3
Other places of birth in Europe 565 270 290 7.9 8.0 7.7 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 210 110 105 2.9 3.3 2.8 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 140 80 60 2.0 2.4 1.6 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 55 20 35 0.8 0.6 0.9 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6
Asia 735 255 485 10.3 7.6 12.9 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7
Iran88 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4
China90 120 55 65 1.7 1.6 1.7 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1
Hong Kong91 30 15 10 0.4 0.4 0.3 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6
Korea, South92 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7
Taiwan 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8
Philippines 195 40 155 2.7 1.2 4.1 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8
India 135 50 85 1.9 1.5 2.3 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6
Other places of birth in Asia 160 50 115 2.2 1.5 3.1 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5
Oceania and other places of birth93 195 90 100 2.7 2.7 2.7 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 845 380 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 300 155 150 35.5 40.8 32.6 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jamaica 55 20 30 6.5 5.3 6.5 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1
Mexico 25 15 0 3.0 3.9 0.0 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3
United States of America 200 100 100 23.7 26.3 21.7 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6
Other places of birth in Americas 20 0 15 2.4 0.0 3.3 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6
Europe 260 130 130 30.8 34.2 28.3 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5
France 25 0 25 3.0 0.0 5.4 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8
Germany 10 0 0 1.2 0.0 0.0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3
Russian Federation 10 0 0 1.2 0.0 0.0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2
United Kingdom87 130 75 55 15.4 19.7 12.0 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3
Other places of birth in Europe 85 45 35 10.1 11.8 7.6 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9
Asia 210 70 145 24.9 18.4 31.5 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0
China90 25 10 15 3.0 2.6 3.3 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5
India 85 30 50 10.1 7.9 10.9 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7
Philippines 70 20 50 8.3 5.3 10.9 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3
Other places of birth in Asia 20 0 15 2.4 0.0 3.3 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5
Oceania and other93 55 35 25 6.5 9.2 5.4 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6
Australia 45 30 15 5.3 7.9 3.3 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4
Other places of birth98 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.2 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 61,175 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 8,785 4,190 4,595 14.4 13.7 15.0 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0
Second generation101 10,915 5,450 5,470 17.8 17.9 17.8 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3
Third generation or more102 41,480 20,880 20,595 67.8 68.4 67.2 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 3,840 1,725 2,125 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 1,850 935 910 48.2 54.2 42.8 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3
Principal applicants105 850 515 330 22.1 29.9 15.5 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4
Secondary applicants106 1,000 420 580 26.0 24.3 27.3 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family107 1,755 670 1,080 45.7 38.8 50.8 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4
Refugees108 205 100 105 5.3 5.8 4.9 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9
Other immigrants109 35 15 25 0.9 0.9 1.2 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 3,840 1,725 2,125 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 30 10 15 0.8 0.6 0.7 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4
Work permits only before admission112 1,045 495 550 27.2 28.7 25.9 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7
Study permits only before admission113 145 65 75 3.8 3.8 3.5 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5
Work and study permits before admission114 205 85 110 5.3 4.9 5.2 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3
Other permits before admission115 105 40 60 2.7 2.3 2.8 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7
No pre-admission experience116 2,325 1,015 1,310 60.5 58.8 61.6 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 61,175 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 2,865 1,305 1,555 4.7 4.3 5.1 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8
South Asian 730 360 375 1.2 1.2 1.2 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8
Chinese 385 200 180 0.6 0.7 0.6 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9
Black 320 155 170 0.5 0.5 0.6 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3
Filipino 350 110 240 0.6 0.4 0.8 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9
Arab 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8
Latin American 255 110 145 0.4 0.4 0.5 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6
Southeast Asian 130 50 85 0.2 0.2 0.3 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1
West Asian 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0
Korean 105 45 55 0.2 0.1 0.2 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 320 155 170 0.5 0.5 0.6 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 85 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multiple visible minorities 140 70 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9
Not a visible minority120 58,315 29,210 29,105 95.3 95.7 94.9 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 61,175 30,515 30,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 6,905 3,590 3,315 11.3 11.8 10.8 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4
English 18,965 9,325 9,635 31.0 30.6 31.4 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8
Irish 11,430 5,370 6,050 18.7 17.6 19.7 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6
Scottish 13,715 6,775 6,940 22.4 22.2 22.6 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3
French, n.o.s.122 6,310 3,000 3,315 10.3 9.8 10.8 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0
German 10,945 5,425 5,520 17.9 17.8 18.0 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2
Chinese 475 240 230 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9
Italian 2,975 1,430 1,550 4.9 4.7 5.1 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2
Indian (India) 610 345 265 1.0 1.1 0.9 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6
Ukrainian 3,700 1,870 1,825 6.0 6.1 6.0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5
Dutch 2,935 1,510 1,425 4.8 4.9 4.6 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7
Polish 2,570 1,240 1,330 4.2 4.1 4.3 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8
Québécois 140 65 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.123 2,825 1,395 1,435 4.6 4.6 4.7 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6
Filipino 360 130 235 0.6 0.4 0.8 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8
French Canadian 660 320 340 1.1 1.0 1.1 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,280 685 600 2.1 2.2 2.0 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 1,045 475 570 1.7 1.6 1.9 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8
Métis 1,750 885 865 2.9 2.9 2.8 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6
European, n.o.s.126 1,790 885 905 2.9 2.9 3.0 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5
Russian 5,350 2,635 2,710 8.7 8.6 8.8 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6
Norwegian 2,585 1,205 1,380 4.2 3.9 4.5 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3
Welsh 2,100 945 1,150 3.4 3.1 3.8 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3
Portuguese 440 195 245 0.7 0.6 0.8 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2
American 1,530 680 855 2.5 2.2 2.8 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 455 210 245 0.7 0.7 0.8 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0
Swedish 2,500 1,155 1,345 4.1 3.8 4.4 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0
Hungarian 895 385 510 1.5 1.3 1.7 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9
Acadian 180 60 125 0.3 0.2 0.4 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9
Pakistani 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8
African, n.o.s.127 150 90 60 0.2 0.3 0.2 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jewish 490 230 260 0.8 0.8 0.8 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8
Punjabi 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7
Vietnamese 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8
Arab, n.o.s.128 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7
Greek 265 135 130 0.4 0.4 0.4 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7
Jamaican 100 65 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7
Asian, n.o.s.129 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6
Cree, n.o.s.130 540 250 290 0.9 0.8 0.9 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korean 105 45 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Romanian 345 165 180 0.6 0.5 0.6 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6
Iranian 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Christian, n.i.e.131 100 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5
Danish 890 455 440 1.5 1.5 1.4 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 410 175 240 0.7 0.6 0.8 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5
Austrian 935 450 485 1.5 1.5 1.6 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belgian 340 150 190 0.6 0.5 0.6 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hindu 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4
Mexican 150 65 85 0.2 0.2 0.3 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mennonite 310 140 165 0.5 0.5 0.5 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swiss 805 415 385 1.3 1.4 1.3 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 700 320 380 1.1 1.0 1.2 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Sri Lankan 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatian 195 100 95 0.3 0.3 0.3 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4
Japanese 380 180 210 0.6 0.6 0.7 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.133 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 135 80 55 0.2 0.3 0.2 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 515 260 255 0.8 0.9 0.8 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3
Egyptian 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Icelandic 410 205 205 0.7 0.7 0.7 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3
Colombian 45 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Moroccan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Czech 520 270 250 0.9 0.9 0.8 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 40 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3
Guyanese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Black, n.o.s.137 30 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3
Serbian 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ojibway 100 40 50 0.2 0.1 0.2 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3
Newfoundlander 120 45 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hong Konger 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ontarian 75 15 55 0.1 0.0 0.2 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 55 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algerian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Brazilian 70 50 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Armenian 40 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slovak 185 95 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 195 95 100 0.3 0.3 0.3 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2
Taiwanese 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iraqi 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Salvadorean 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 35 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2
Algonquin 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lithuanian 100 30 65 0.2 0.1 0.2 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 150 80 75 0.2 0.3 0.2 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 245 125 120 0.4 0.4 0.4 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 60 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 40 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovenian 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 100 50 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 70 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 235 130 100 0.4 0.4 0.3 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
African American 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 120 40 80 0.2 0.1 0.3 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.148 35 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latvian 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 50 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 40 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 105 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 415 215 200 0.7 0.7 0.7 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 45 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 60 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1
Moldovan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 35 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 105 50 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 110 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 40 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 61,175 30,520 30,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 425 170 250 0.7 0.6 0.8 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1
Christian 19,745 8,945 10,805 32.3 29.3 35.2 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7
Christian, n.o.s.162 4,470 2,125 2,350 7.3 7.0 7.7 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8
Anabaptist 215 110 110 0.4 0.4 0.4 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4
Anglican 1,895 805 1,090 3.1 2.6 3.6 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4
Baptist 520 270 255 0.9 0.9 0.8 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 5,210 2,475 2,730 8.5 8.1 8.9 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9
Christian Orthodox 245 100 145 0.4 0.3 0.5 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8
Jehovah's Witness 540 250 290 0.9 0.8 0.9 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 865 350 510 1.4 1.1 1.7 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 795 350 450 1.3 1.1 1.5 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 65 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 455 215 240 0.7 0.7 0.8 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2
Presbyterian 395 170 220 0.6 0.6 0.7 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9
Reformed 30 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 2,320 940 1,380 3.8 3.1 4.5 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 1,735 725 1,005 2.8 2.4 3.3 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2
Hindu 200 100 95 0.3 0.3 0.3 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2
Jewish 265 105 160 0.4 0.3 0.5 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7
Sikh 230 90 140 0.4 0.3 0.5 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 1,050 450 605 1.7 1.5 2.0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 39,105 20,595 18,510 63.9 67.5 60.4 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 60,735 30,275 30,465 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 52,965 26,500 26,460 87.2 87.5 86.9 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8
Movers 7,775 3,770 4,000 12.8 12.5 13.1 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2
Non-migrants 3,700 1,750 1,950 6.1 5.8 6.4 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1
Migrants 4,075 2,030 2,050 6.7 6.7 6.7 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0
Internal migrants 3,735 1,845 1,895 6.1 6.1 6.2 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2
Intraprovincial migrants 2,430 1,180 1,250 4.0 3.9 4.1 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5
Interprovincial migrants 1,305 660 640 2.1 2.2 2.1 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7
External migrants 345 185 155 0.6 0.6 0.5 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 58,710 29,235 29,480 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 34,985 17,425 17,555 59.6 59.6 59.5 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1
Movers 23,730 11,810 11,925 40.4 40.4 40.5 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9
Non-migrants 5,865 3,070 2,795 10.0 10.5 9.5 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8
Migrants 17,860 8,735 9,125 30.4 29.9 31.0 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2
Internal migrants 16,280 8,000 8,280 27.7 27.4 28.1 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4
Intraprovincial migrants 11,700 5,680 6,020 19.9 19.4 20.4 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8
Interprovincial migrants 4,580 2,325 2,260 7.8 8.0 7.7 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6
External migrants 1,580 735 850 2.7 2.5 2.9 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 52,680 26,220 26,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 9,425 5,400 4,020 17.9 20.6 15.2 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 43,255 20,820 22,435 82.1 79.4 84.8 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 31,740 15,570 16,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 3,615 2,195 1,420 11.4 14.1 8.8 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 28,120 13,375 14,750 88.6 85.9 91.2 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 52,675 26,215 26,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 7,910 4,375 3,540 15.0 16.7 13.4 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 15,485 7,565 7,925 29.4 28.9 30.0 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 29,280 14,280 15,000 55.6 54.5 56.7 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 19,150 9,850 9,300 36.4 37.6 35.1 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 6,060 4,735 1,315 11.5 18.1 5.0 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,035 1,150 885 3.9 4.4 3.3 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 4,020 3,585 435 7.6 13.7 1.6 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 11,570 4,570 7,000 22.0 17.4 26.5 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,525 545 980 2.9 2.1 3.7 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 10,130 4,430 5,700 19.2 16.9 21.5 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5
Bachelor's degree 6,740 2,950 3,795 12.8 11.3 14.3 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 645 265 380 1.2 1.0 1.4 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 280 175 105 0.5 0.7 0.4 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Master's degree 2,165 905 1,260 4.1 3.5 4.8 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9
Earned doctorate171 295 140 155 0.6 0.5 0.6 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 31,740 15,570 16,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,840 1,685 1,150 8.9 10.8 7.1 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 9,055 4,535 4,520 28.5 29.1 28.0 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 19,845 9,350 10,500 62.5 60.1 64.9 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 12,685 6,455 6,235 40.0 41.5 38.6 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 3,870 2,995 875 12.2 19.2 5.4 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 1,310 720 585 4.1 4.6 3.6 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7
Apprenticeship certificate169 2,560 2,270 285 8.1 14.6 1.8 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 7,870 3,080 4,795 24.8 19.8 29.7 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 945 385 565 3.0 2.5 3.5 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher 7,160 2,890 4,270 22.6 18.6 26.4 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1
Bachelor's degree 4,930 2,040 2,885 15.5 13.1 17.8 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 440 165 275 1.4 1.1 1.7 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 180 90 90 0.6 0.6 0.6 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9
Master's degree 1,435 530 905 4.5 3.4 5.6 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9
Earned doctorate171 185 70 115 0.6 0.4 0.7 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 52,675 26,220 26,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 23,395 11,940 11,460 44.4 45.5 43.3 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6
Education 2,260 625 1,635 4.3 2.4 6.2 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
13. Education 2,260 625 1,635 4.3 2.4 6.2 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,330 510 820 2.5 1.9 3.1 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 140 105 30 0.3 0.4 0.1 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 1,190 405 785 2.3 1.5 3.0 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2
Humanities 1,420 635 785 2.7 2.4 3.0 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 100 25 80 0.2 0.1 0.3 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5
23. English language and literature/letters 410 150 260 0.8 0.6 1.0 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 410 155 255 0.8 0.6 1.0 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 135 95 40 0.3 0.4 0.2 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 130 95 35 0.2 0.4 0.1 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 185 110 75 0.4 0.4 0.3 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 2,630 790 1,840 5.0 3.0 7.0 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 55 10 45 0.1 0.0 0.2 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 215 65 150 0.4 0.2 0.6 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 605 35 565 1.1 0.1 2.1 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 315 75 240 0.6 0.3 0.9 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 55 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 475 160 315 0.9 0.6 1.2 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6
45. Social sciences 905 410 500 1.7 1.6 1.9 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4
Business, management and public administration 4,630 1,355 3,275 8.8 5.2 12.4 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 615 45 565 1.2 0.2 2.1 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 4,005 1,305 2,700 7.6 5.0 10.2 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,015 575 440 1.9 2.2 1.7 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 500 255 245 0.9 1.0 0.9 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 185 100 85 0.4 0.4 0.3 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 260 190 75 0.5 0.7 0.3 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 590 370 220 1.1 1.4 0.8 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 395 270 120 0.7 1.0 0.5 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2
25. Library science 85 10 80 0.2 0.0 0.3 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 90 75 15 0.2 0.3 0.1 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 25 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 7,040 6,545 495 13.4 25.0 1.9 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 190 80 105 0.4 0.3 0.4 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3
14. Engineering 690 610 85 1.3 2.3 0.3 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,470 1,355 115 2.8 5.2 0.4 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 2,070 1,975 100 3.9 7.5 0.4 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,740 1,700 45 3.3 6.5 0.2 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 870 830 35 1.7 3.2 0.1 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,775 1,110 665 3.4 4.2 2.5 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 655 355 300 1.2 1.4 1.1 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 1,115 755 360 2.1 2.9 1.4 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3
Health and related fields 4,730 845 3,885 9.0 3.2 14.7 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 450 245 210 0.9 0.9 0.8 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 4,205 565 3,645 8.0 2.2 13.8 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 60 40 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,845 915 930 3.5 3.5 3.5 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,195 350 845 2.3 1.3 3.2 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 185 125 55 0.4 0.5 0.2 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 445 420 30 0.8 1.6 0.1 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1
Other179 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 31,740 15,570 16,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 11,890 6,220 5,670 37.5 39.9 35.1 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Education 1,250 305 945 3.9 2.0 5.8 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
13. Education 1,250 305 945 3.9 2.0 5.8 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 990 355 640 3.1 2.3 4.0 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 80 50 30 0.3 0.3 0.2 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 915 305 610 2.9 2.0 3.8 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6
Humanities 855 415 445 2.7 2.7 2.8 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 55 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.2 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 270 105 165 0.9 0.7 1.0 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 240 85 155 0.8 0.5 1.0 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 100 75 25 0.3 0.5 0.2 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 70 65 10 0.2 0.4 0.1 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 100 65 35 0.3 0.4 0.2 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,935 515 1,425 6.1 3.3 8.8 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 50 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.2 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 165 60 105 0.5 0.4 0.6 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 480 25 455 1.5 0.2 2.8 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 235 50 185 0.7 0.3 1.1 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 50 20 30 0.2 0.1 0.2 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3
42. Psychology 275 75 205 0.9 0.5 1.3 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9
45. Social sciences 690 275 415 2.2 1.8 2.6 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0
Business, management and public administration 3,230 1,000 2,225 10.2 6.4 13.8 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 450 40 410 1.4 0.3 2.5 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 2,780 965 1,815 8.8 6.2 11.2 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 660 355 305 2.1 2.3 1.9 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 335 150 180 1.1 1.0 1.1 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 115 70 45 0.4 0.4 0.3 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 175 120 55 0.6 0.8 0.3 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 25 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 430 285 150 1.4 1.8 0.9 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 320 220 95 1.0 1.4 0.6 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6
25. Library science 35 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.2 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 55 45 10 0.2 0.3 0.1 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 25 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 4,555 4,140 415 14.4 26.6 2.6 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2
04. Architecture and related services 170 65 105 0.5 0.4 0.6 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4
14. Engineering 475 395 80 1.5 2.5 0.5 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 950 855 95 3.0 5.5 0.6 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,330 1,255 75 4.2 8.1 0.5 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,080 1,040 35 3.4 6.7 0.2 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1
48. Precision production 550 525 20 1.7 3.4 0.1 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,315 740 570 4.1 4.8 3.5 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 475 220 250 1.5 1.4 1.5 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 840 520 320 2.6 3.3 2.0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4
Health and related fields 3,240 560 2,680 10.2 3.6 16.6 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 360 180 175 1.1 1.2 1.1 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 2,830 360 2,470 8.9 2.3 15.3 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 40 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.2 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,370 675 690 4.3 4.3 4.3 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 895 280 610 2.8 1.8 3.8 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 145 85 55 0.5 0.5 0.3 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 330 305 25 1.0 2.0 0.2 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2
Other179 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 31,740 15,570 16,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 11,890 6,220 5,670 37.5 39.9 35.1 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 19,850 9,345 10,500 62.5 60.0 64.9 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0
Location of study inside Canada 17,585 8,325 9,260 55.4 53.5 57.2 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9
Same as province or territory of residence 11,450 5,490 5,970 36.1 35.3 36.9 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5
Different than province or territory of residence 6,135 2,840 3,290 19.3 18.2 20.3 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4
Location of study outside Canada182 2,260 1,025 1,240 7.1 6.6 7.7 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0
Americas 880 405 470 2.8 2.6 2.9 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5
United States of America 780 385 395 2.5 2.5 2.4 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4
Mexico 35 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.2 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 15 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Americas 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.2 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 775 385 390 2.4 2.5 2.4 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 55 20 35 0.2 0.1 0.2 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4
Germany 100 70 30 0.3 0.4 0.2 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 85 35 45 0.3 0.2 0.3 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 45 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 340 170 170 1.1 1.1 1.1 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 70 45 25 0.2 0.3 0.2 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Africa 60 20 35 0.2 0.1 0.2 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.2 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 415 135 280 1.3 0.9 1.7 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israel 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1
Taiwan 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korea, South92 25 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.2 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3
Philippines 125 45 85 0.4 0.3 0.5 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9
Viet Nam 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
India 135 55 80 0.4 0.4 0.5 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other locations of study in Asia 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4
Oceania 140 70 60 0.4 0.4 0.4 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2
Australia 110 65 40 0.3 0.4 0.2 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Zealand 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 52,675 26,215 26,460 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ...
In the labour force 30,245 15,790 14,460 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ...
Employed 27,215 14,155 13,055 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ...
Unemployed 3,030 1,635 1,405 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 22,430 10,435 12,000 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ...
Participation rate 57.4 60.2 54.6 57.4 60.2 54.6 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8
Employment rate 51.7 54.0 49.3 51.7 54.0 49.3 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4
Unemployment rate 10.0 10.4 9.7 10.0 10.4 9.7 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 52,675 26,220 26,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 22,060 10,270 11,795 41.9 39.2 44.6 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4
Worked 30,615 15,945 14,670 58.1 60.8 55.4 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6
Worked full year full time187 12,980 7,525 5,460 24.6 28.7 20.6 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3
Worked part year and/or part time188 17,635 8,425 9,210 33.5 32.1 34.8 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.4 39.8 38.9 39.4 39.8 38.9 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 30,245 15,785 14,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 640 330 310 2.1 2.1 2.1 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All classes of workers191 29,605 15,460 14,150 97.9 97.9 97.9 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
Employee 22,645 11,515 11,135 74.9 72.9 77.0 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1
Permanent position 17,820 9,125 8,700 58.9 57.8 60.2 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9
Temporary position 4,825 2,390 2,435 16.0 15.1 16.8 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 1,060 445 615 3.5 2.8 4.3 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 3,760 1,940 1,820 12.4 12.3 12.6 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9
Self-employed192 6,960 3,940 3,015 23.0 25.0 20.9 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 30,245 15,785 14,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 640 330 310 2.1 2.1 2.1 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All occupations191 29,605 15,460 14,150 97.9 97.9 97.9 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 240 145 95 0.8 0.9 0.7 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 3,525 745 2,775 11.7 4.7 19.2 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,915 1,485 425 6.3 9.4 2.9 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2
3 Health occupations 2,330 450 1,875 7.7 2.9 13.0 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 3,295 850 2,445 10.9 5.4 16.9 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 1,150 450 700 3.8 2.9 4.8 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5
6 Sales and service occupations 7,230 2,710 4,520 23.9 17.2 31.3 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 6,450 5,940 510 21.3 37.6 3.5 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 1,990 1,475 515 6.6 9.3 3.6 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 1,480 1,195 285 4.9 7.6 2.0 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 30,245 15,785 14,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 640 330 310 2.1 2.1 2.1 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All industries191 29,605 15,460 14,150 97.9 97.9 97.9 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,885 1,315 570 6.2 8.3 3.9 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 510 470 40 1.7 3.0 0.3 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5
22 Utilities 275 245 35 0.9 1.6 0.2 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4
23 Construction 3,250 2,880 375 10.7 18.2 2.6 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2
31-33 Manufacturing 2,290 1,790 500 7.6 11.3 3.5 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8
41 Wholesale trade 370 265 100 1.2 1.7 0.7 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2
44-45 Retail trade 3,665 1,630 2,040 12.1 10.3 14.1 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,035 755 280 3.4 4.8 1.9 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6
51 Information and cultural industries 380 200 175 1.3 1.3 1.2 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8
52 Finance and insurance 485 150 335 1.6 1.0 2.3 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 415 205 205 1.4 1.3 1.4 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 2,010 965 1,045 6.6 6.1 7.2 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 1,250 725 525 4.1 4.6 3.6 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6
61 Educational services 2,125 605 1,520 7.0 3.8 10.5 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6
62 Health care and social assistance 3,995 710 3,285 13.2 4.5 22.7 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 890 470 415 2.9 3.0 2.9 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 2,010 720 1,290 6.6 4.6 8.9 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 1,470 670 795 4.9 4.2 5.5 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6
91 Public administration 1,250 650 605 4.1 4.1 4.2 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 33,150 17,250 15,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 32,615 17,055 15,560 98.4 98.9 97.9 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8
French 30 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8
Non-official language 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 30 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and French 250 70 180 0.8 0.4 1.1 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3
English and non-official language(s) 205 85 120 0.6 0.5 0.8 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 25 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 33,150 17,250 15,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 33,105 17,225 15,880 99.9 99.9 99.9 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8
Official languages 33,055 17,215 15,840 99.7 99.8 99.6 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3
English 32,980 17,195 15,785 99.5 99.7 99.3 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5
French 75 15 55 0.2 0.1 0.3 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7
Non-official languages 50 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.3 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 50 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.3 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0
German 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6
Chinese languages 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 40 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.2 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2
English and French 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 30 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 33,150 17,250 15,900 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 32,715 17,095 15,615 98.7 99.1 98.2 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5
English 70 10 60 0.2 0.1 0.4 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3
French 190 60 130 0.6 0.3 0.8 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0
Non-official language 150 65 80 0.5 0.4 0.5 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 150 65 80 0.5 0.4 0.5 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 15 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 27,210 14,155 13,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 5,005 2,145 2,860 18.4 15.2 21.9 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8
Worked outside Canada 100 80 15 0.4 0.6 0.1 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2
No fixed workplace address 4,780 3,725 1,055 17.6 26.3 8.1 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6
Usual place of work 17,330 8,200 9,130 63.7 57.9 69.9 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 17,330 8,195 9,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 8,160 3,565 4,595 47.1 43.5 50.3 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 7,070 3,250 3,815 40.8 39.7 41.8 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 1,735 1,165 580 10.0 14.2 6.4 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8
Commute to a different province or territory 365 215 145 2.1 2.6 1.6 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 22,105 11,920 10,185 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 18,610 10,325 8,285 84.2 86.6 81.3 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver 17,280 9,695 7,585 78.2 81.3 74.5 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 1,330 625 700 6.0 5.2 6.9 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3
Public transit 315 160 155 1.4 1.3 1.5 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6
Walked 2,150 885 1,265 9.7 7.4 12.4 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2
Bicycle 470 275 195 2.1 2.3 1.9 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8
Other method 565 275 285 2.6 2.3 2.8 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 22,105 11,920 10,185 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 10,625 4,895 5,735 48.1 41.1 56.3 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2
15 to 29 minutes 5,775 3,290 2,485 26.1 27.6 24.4 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3
30 to 44 minutes 3,270 1,985 1,285 14.8 16.7 12.6 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0
45 to 59 minutes 1,135 705 435 5.1 5.9 4.3 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1
60 minutes and over 1,300 1,050 250 5.9 8.8 2.5 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 22,105 11,920 10,185 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 1,660 1,320 340 7.5 11.1 3.3 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 3,645 2,500 1,145 16.5 21.0 11.2 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 5,400 2,820 2,580 24.4 23.7 25.3 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 5,520 2,335 3,185 25.0 19.6 31.3 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 2,785 1,070 1,710 12.6 9.0 16.8 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 3,105 1,880 1,220 14.0 15.8 12.0 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 10,510 5,390 5,120 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 835 425 410 7.9 7.9 8.0 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,675 4,965 4,710 92.1 92.1 92.0 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 7,950 4,090 3,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 610 310 305 7.7 7.6 7.9 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 255 125 130 3.2 3.1 3.4 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 350 175 175 4.4 4.3 4.5 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 7,340 3,780 3,555 92.3 92.4 92.1 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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