Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Queens, County (CTY)More information: Prince Edward Island [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,770	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	81,843^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,210	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,232	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	45.2	...	...	45.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,987.32	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,770	43,790	45,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,035	7,220	6,815	15.6	16.5	14.8
0 to 4 years	3,985	2,040	1,940	4.4	4.7	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,795	2,485	2,305	5.3	5.7	5.0
10 to 14 years	5,250	2,685	2,560	5.8	6.1	5.6
15 to 64 years	58,025	28,480	29,540	64.6	65.0	64.2
15 to 19 years	4,955	2,515	2,440	5.5	5.7	5.3
20 to 24 years	6,950	3,680	3,270	7.7	8.4	7.1
25 to 29 years	5,960	3,065	2,895	6.6	7.0	6.3
30 to 34 years	5,530	2,650	2,880	6.2	6.1	6.3
35 to 39 years	5,495	2,645	2,855	6.1	6.0	6.2
40 to 44 years	5,500	2,575	2,925	6.1	5.9	6.4
45 to 49 years	5,520	2,685	2,840	6.1	6.1	6.2
50 to 54 years	5,670	2,740	2,925	6.3	6.3	6.4
55 to 59 years	6,335	3,040	3,300	7.1	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	6,105	2,890	3,215	6.8	6.6	7.0
65 years and over	17,715	8,090	9,625	19.7	18.5	20.9
65 to 69 years	5,740	2,770	2,970	6.4	6.3	6.5
70 to 74 years	4,940	2,340	2,600	5.5	5.3	5.7
75 to 79 years	3,095	1,435	1,655	3.4	3.3	3.6
80 to 84 years	1,965	850	1,120	2.2	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	1,970	690	1,280	2.2	1.6	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,190	465	725	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	570	180	395	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	190	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.5	14.8	15.6	16.5	14.8
15 to 64 years	64.6	65.0	64.2	64.6	65.0	64.2
65 years and over	19.7	18.5	20.9	19.7	18.5	20.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	42.0	40.9	43.0	42.0	40.9	43.0
Median age of the population	42.0	40.4	43.2	42.0	40.4	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,660	...	...	63.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,370	...	...	6.4	...	...
Row house	1,285	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	740	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,965	...	...	21.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,080	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,645	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	13,720	...	...	36.9	...	...
3 persons	5,700	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	4,640	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,520	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,530	42,730	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	75,740	36,570	39,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,160	21,540	21,615	57.0	58.9	55.2
Married	35,575	17,770	17,805	47.0	48.6	45.5
Living common-law	7,580	3,775	3,810	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	5,600	2,745	2,855	7.4	7.5	7.3
Living common law - Separated	340	180	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,465	775	690	1.9	2.1	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	175	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	32,580	15,030	17,555	43.0	41.1	44.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,255	11,730	10,530	29.4	32.1	26.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,950	810	1,135	2.6	2.2	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,110	1,570	2,535	5.4	4.3	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,265	915	3,350	5.6	2.5	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,545	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	5,125	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	4,205	...	...	16.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,960	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,070	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	17,275	...	...	69.6	...	...
With children⁶	8,565	...	...	34.5	...	...
Without children	8,710	...	...	35.1	...	...
Common-law couples	3,790	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,335	...	...	5.4	...	...
Without children	2,455	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,765	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,915	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	850	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,800	34,470	35,330	79.7	80.7	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	42,135	21,030	21,105	48.1	49.2	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,765	850	2,915	4.3	2.0	6.5
Children⁶	23,900	12,590	11,315	27.3	29.5	25.3
In a two-parent family	18,290	9,590	8,705	20.9	22.4	19.4
In a one-parent family	5,610	3,000	2,615	6.4	7.0	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,725	8,255	9,470	20.3	19.3	21.1
Living alone	10,650	4,435	6,210	12.2	10.4	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,680	705	975	1.9	1.7	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	5,400	3,115	2,285	6.2	7.3	5.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,675	...	...	60.9	...	...
Couple-family households	19,630	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,280	...	...	24.9	...	...
Without children	10,350	...	...	27.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,050	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	575	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	950	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,220	...	...	6.0	...	...
One-person households	10,650	...	...	28.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,535	35,530	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,830	34,160	36,670	96.3	96.1	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,400	37,600	39,600	42,400	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,875	34,185	36,690	96.4	96.2	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,830	31,745	33,085	88.2	89.3	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,400	32,800	36,800	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,410	27,005	26,405	72.6	76.0	69.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,000	33,200	35,600	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,160	25,320	30,845	76.4	71.3	81.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	11,200	11,600	11,400	11,200	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,520	5,825	5,695	15.7	16.4	15.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,700	6,000	6,280	6,700	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,755	9,140	9,615	25.5	25.7	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,535	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,900	34,110	36,795	96.4	96.0	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,320	52,600	44,360	48,320	52,600	44,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,940	34,140	36,805	96.5	96.1	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,120	42,960	37,440	40,120	42,960	37,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,950	31,620	33,330	88.3	89.0	87.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	47,560	37,680	42,480	47,560	37,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,420	26,885	26,540	72.6	75.7	69.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	45,160	38,040	41,640	45,160	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,505	25,435	31,075	76.8	71.6	81.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,810	11,420	12,140	11,810	11,420	12,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,835	5,900	5,935	16.1	16.6	15.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,670	7,950	7,390	7,670	7,950	7,390
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,845	9,195	9,655	25.6	25.9	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,270	8,210	8,330	8,270	8,210	8,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,535	35,530	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,705	13,515	12,185	35.0	38.0	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,000	53,200	55,600	58,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,350	67,100	59,200	63,350	67,100	59,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,925	10,425	11,505	29.8	29.3	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	17,200	14,600	16,000	17,200	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,920	24,740	21,300	22,920	24,740	21,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	83.8	76.8	80.6	83.8	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	67.6	61.9	65.0	67.6	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	16.2	23.1	19.5	16.2	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.8	6.0	5.4	4.8	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.2	4.9	4.6	4.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,540	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,710	1,370	1,340	3.7	3.9	3.5
With total income	70,830	34,160	36,670	96.3	96.2	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,265	2,365	2,895	7.4	6.9	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,825	3,365	4,460	11.0	9.9	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,640	5,035	6,605	16.4	14.7	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,920	5,085	5,840	15.4	14.9	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,070	4,360	4,710	12.8	12.8	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,400	3,575	3,830	10.4	10.5	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,365	2,885	2,480	7.6	8.4	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620	1,980	1,640	5.1	5.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	1,485	1,395	4.1	4.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,065	980	1,080	2.9	2.9	2.9
$100,000 and over	4,785	3,055	1,725	6.8	8.9	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	3,295	2,000	1,295	4.7	5.9	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,490	1,055	435	2.1	3.1	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,540	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,660	1,340	1,315	3.6	3.8	3.5
With after-tax income	70,880	34,190	36,695	96.4	96.2	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,670	2,490	3,175	8.0	7.3	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,380	3,640	4,745	11.8	10.6	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,275	6,365	7,915	20.1	18.6	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,165	6,345	6,815	18.6	18.6	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,315	4,965	5,350	14.6	14.5	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,100	3,730	3,370	10.0	10.9	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,570	2,355	2,215	6.4	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,955	1,490	1,460	4.2	4.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,520	840	675	2.1	2.5	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	855	520	330	1.2	1.5	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,090	1,455	640	2.9	4.3	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,045	685	360	1.5	2.0	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,040	770	275	1.5	2.3	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,540	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,125	8,520	11,605	27.4	24.0	30.5
With employment income	53,410	27,010	26,405	72.6	76.0	69.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,965	3,275	3,685	13.0	12.1	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,790	2,155	2,640	9.0	8.0	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,345	3,565	3,780	13.8	13.2	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,690	2,880	2,810	10.7	10.7	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,875	2,880	2,990	11.0	10.7	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,200	2,620	2,575	9.7	9.7	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,480	2,300	2,180	8.4	8.5	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	1,910	1,510	6.4	7.1	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	1,395	1,160	4.8	5.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,165	1,020	1,150	4.1	3.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,570	780	790	2.9	2.9	3.0
$100,000 and over	3,355	2,225	1,130	6.3	8.2	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,650	1,015	635	3.1	3.8	2.4
$125,000 and over	1,705	1,210	495	3.2	4.5	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,535	35,530	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,670	33,560	36,110	94.7	94.5	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	34,400	37,200	40,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,725	33,570	36,160	94.8	94.5	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,800	32,800	35,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,370	31,460	32,910	87.5	88.5	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,200	32,800	36,800	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,995	27,140	26,855	73.4	76.4	70.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	30,000	32,400	35,200	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,835	21,855	27,980	67.8	61.5	73.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	7,700	8,000	7,900	7,700	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,505	5,410	5,095	14.3	15.2	13.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,450	6,200	6,800	7,450	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,535	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,765	33,570	36,195	94.9	94.5	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,760	50,360	41,440	45,760	50,360	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,790	33,575	36,215	94.9	94.5	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,840	40,960	34,960	37,840	40,960	34,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,440	31,445	32,995	87.6	88.5	86.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,600	37,400	42,400	47,600	37,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,080	27,150	26,925	73.5	76.4	70.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,320	45,160	37,440	41,320	45,160	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,875	21,755	28,120	67.8	61.2	74.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,220	8,920	9,460	9,220	8,920	9,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,450	5,255	5,190	14.2	14.8	13.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,090	8,340	7,830	8,090	8,340	7,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,535	35,530	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,535	13,445	12,090	34.7	37.8	31.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	54,800	50,000	52,400	54,800	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,850	63,950	55,300	59,850	63,950	55,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,915	10,005	10,905	28.4	28.2	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	20,400	17,600	19,000	20,400	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,160	29,720	24,840	27,160	29,720	24,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	88.6	82.2	85.6	88.6	82.2
Employment income (%)	70.0	72.6	67.2	70.0	72.6	67.2
Government transfers (%)	14.4	11.5	17.7	14.4	11.5	17.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...	76,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400	...	...	45,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,120	...	...	38,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,750	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,395	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,520	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,480	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,085	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,840	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,675	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,520	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,295	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,005	...	...	34.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,520	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,045	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,245	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,200	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	525	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	730	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,945	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,620	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,675	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,895	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,915	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,800	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,500	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,755	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,355	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,290	...	...	25.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,180	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,375	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,740	...	...	7.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,050	7,550	8,500	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,400	34,800	34,400	34,400	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	31,000	31,600	31,200	31,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...	111,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,450	...	...	62,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,015	7,440	8,575	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,360	40,720	41,880	41,360	40,720	41,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,480	35,800	35,200	34,480	35,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,895	8,670	8,225	19.3	20.3	18.4
0 to 5 years	4,870	2,515	2,350	5.6	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	54,120	26,400	27,720	61.8	61.8	61.9
65 years and over	16,515	7,655	8,860	18.9	17.9	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,460	5,285	6,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,560	1,325	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	710	375	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,190	2,905	3,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,705	1,055	1,645	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1	12.4	13.8	13.1	12.4	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.2	15.3	15.0	15.2	15.3	15.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.6	14.9	14.4	14.6	14.9	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	11.0	11.9	11.4	11.0	11.9
65 years and over (%)	16.4	13.8	18.6	16.4	13.8	18.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,255	42,595	44,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,805	8,625	8,180	19.3	20.2	18.3
0 to 5 years	4,850	2,505	2,345	5.6	5.9	5.3
18 to 64 years	53,950	26,315	27,630	61.8	61.8	61.9
65 years and over	16,500	7,650	8,855	18.9	18.0	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,325	2,165	2,165	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	830	425	400	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	115	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,245	1,630	1,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	110	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.1	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.2	5.9	6.0	6.2	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,530	42,730	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,535	24,375	26,165	57.7	57.0	58.4
In bottom decile	10,525	5,055	5,470	12.0	11.8	12.2
In second decile	10,735	5,085	5,645	12.3	11.9	12.6
In third decile	9,925	4,775	5,150	11.3	11.2	11.5
In fourth decile	9,780	4,700	5,085	11.2	11.0	11.3
In fifth decile	9,570	4,760	4,810	10.9	11.1	10.7
In top half of the distribution	36,995	18,350	18,640	42.3	42.9	41.6
In sixth decile	9,135	4,510	4,625	10.4	10.6	10.3
In seventh decile	8,635	4,245	4,390	9.9	9.9	9.8
In eighth decile	7,865	3,925	3,935	9.0	9.2	8.8
In ninth decile	6,365	3,150	3,220	7.3	7.4	7.2
In top decile	4,985	2,515	2,470	5.7	5.9	5.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,530	...	...	87,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...	0.317	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,430	43,250	45,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	75,625	37,845	37,780	85.5	87.5	83.6
French only	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	11,650	4,830	6,820	13.2	11.2	15.1
Neither English nor French	1,085	535	545	1.2	1.2	1.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,430	43,250	45,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,425	41,855	43,575	96.6	96.8	96.5
French	1,640	740	905	1.9	1.7	2.0
English and French	315	145	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	1,050	510	535	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,430	43,250	45,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,780	42,420	44,365	98.1	98.1	98.2
Official languages	77,105	37,350	39,755	87.2	86.4	88.0
English	75,440	36,615	38,830	85.3	84.7	86.0
French	1,660	735	925	1.9	1.7	2.0
Non-official languages	9,680	5,075	4,610	10.9	11.7	10.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,660	5,060	4,595	10.9	11.7	10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	880	480	405	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	810	445	360	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	790	430	355	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	535	255	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	530	255	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	375	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	150	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	435	260	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	360	220	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,930	2,180	1,755	4.4	5.0	3.9
Albanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	385	175	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	380	170	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	680	355	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Frisian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	360	190	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	320	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,110	1,270	835	2.4	2.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,895	1,155	735	2.1	2.7	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	265	195	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
Hindi	215	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	960	585	370	1.1	1.4	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	630	310	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	420	205	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,005	1,500	1,505	3.4	3.5	3.3
Chinese languages	2,940	1,460	1,475	3.3	3.4	3.3
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,570	1,260	1,315	2.9	2.9	2.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,645	830	815	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	500	225	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	965	515	445	1.1	1.2	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,430	43,250	45,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,540	37,225	39,315	86.6	86.1	87.0
French	440	195	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	3,960	2,100	1,860	4.5	4.9	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,960	2,100	1,860	4.5	4.9	4.1
English and French	1,400	575	825	1.6	1.3	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	5,545	2,895	2,655	6.3	6.7	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,430	43,250	45,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,925	42,500	44,430	98.3	98.3	98.4
Official languages	80,205	38,960	41,245	90.7	90.1	91.3
English	79,565	38,685	40,880	90.0	89.4	90.5
French	640	275	365	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official languages	6,720	3,535	3,185	7.6	8.2	7.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,720	3,535	3,180	7.6	8.2	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	595	310	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	545	290	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	530	280	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	510	260	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	505	255	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	325	190	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	275	165	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,205	1,225	985	2.5	2.8	2.2
Albanian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,430	850	585	1.6	2.0	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,285	780	510	1.5	1.8	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	175	130	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	730	435	295	0.8	1.0	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	225	105	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,610	1,315	1,295	3.0	3.0	2.9
Chinese languages	2,570	1,295	1,275	2.9	3.0	2.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,340	1,180	1,155	2.6	2.7	2.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,500	755	750	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	240	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,200	630	570	1.4	1.5	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,430	43,250	45,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,165	40,120	42,045	92.9	92.8	93.1
English	2,315	1,170	1,140	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	1,060	455	605	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-official language	2,095	1,070	1,025	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,060	1,055	1,005	2.3	2.4	2.2
English and French	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	385	220	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,530	42,725	44,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	86,825	42,380	44,445	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	86,760	42,350	44,410	99.1	99.1	99.1
French	11,710	4,940	6,770	13.4	11.6	15.1
Non-official languages	12,140	6,310	5,835	13.9	14.8	13.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,070	6,270	5,795	13.8	14.7	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,170	650	525	1.3	1.5	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,115	620	495	1.3	1.5	1.1
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,050	580	470	1.2	1.4	1.0
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	320	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	675	320	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	535	210	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	505	200	310	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	655	360	295	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	545	295	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tamil	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,735	3,090	2,650	6.6	7.2	5.9
Albanian	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	530	285	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	525	280	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,015	495	520	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	560	290	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
German	550	280	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	425	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	395	190	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,725	1,680	1,045	3.1	3.9	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,440	1,530	910	2.8	3.6	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	145	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	315	240	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
Hindi	1,340	870	470	1.5	2.0	1.0
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,045	670	375	1.2	1.6	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,435	625	800	1.6	1.5	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	240	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,040	470	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	250	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	200	100	0.3	0.5	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,905	1,450	1,460	3.3	3.4	3.3
Chinese languages	2,825	1,410	1,415	3.2	3.3	3.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,715	1,345	1,370	3.1	3.1	3.1
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	195	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,790	845	945	2.0	2.0	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,685	810	870	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,165	580	585	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis	455	195	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	85,745	41,885	43,860	98.0	98.0	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	770	360	405	0.9	0.8	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,760	42,365	44,400	99.1	99.2	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,265	...	...	65.2	...	...
Renter	12,895	...	...	34.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,405	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not condominium	35,825	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,780	...	...	10.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,525	...	...	28.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,415	...	...	36.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,365	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,130	...	...	27.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,075	...	...	16.3	...	...
6 rooms	5,440	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,635	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,950	...	...	29.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,765	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	470	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,970	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,260	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,950	...	...	18.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,340	...	...	25.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,660	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,910	...	...	13.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,410	...	...	6.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,015	...	...	8.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,740	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,205	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,925	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,310	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,110	...	...	48.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,490	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,630	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,815	...	...	4.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,090	...	...	13.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,910	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,320	...	...	19.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,540	...	...	17.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,270	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	955	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,075	...	...	82.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,575	...	...	17.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,950	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,385	...	...	25.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,900	...	...	15.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,005	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,740	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,850	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,245	...	...	6.2	...	...
Not in core need	33,775	...	...	93.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.2	...	...	59.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,169	...	...	1,169	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...	324,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,400	...	...	360,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,890	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.4	...	...	32.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,078	...	...	1,078	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	234	...	...	234	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	270	...	...	270	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	780	380	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	780	380	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	685	340	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis single ancestry	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,920	870	1,050	2.2	2.0	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,905	860	1,045	2.2	2.0	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,495	675	820	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	145	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,830	41,475	43,355	96.9	97.1	96.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,530	42,730	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,395	37,810	40,585	89.6	88.5	90.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,230	7,770	7,460	17.4	18.2	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,170	30,040	33,125	72.2	70.3	73.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,135	4,915	4,220	10.4	11.5	9.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,530	42,730	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,460	35,940	38,525	85.1	84.1	86.0
Immigrants⁸¹	8,970	4,445	4,525	10.2	10.4	10.1
Before 1980	1,305	600	715	1.5	1.4	1.6
1980 to 1990	505	260	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
1991 to 2000	510	225	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,325	655	670	1.5	1.5	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,320	2,710	2,610	6.1	6.3	5.8
2011 to 2015	1,360	670	685	1.6	1.6	1.5
2016 to 2021	3,960	2,040	1,925	4.5	4.8	4.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,095	2,345	1,755	4.7	5.5	3.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,970	4,445	4,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	780	410	370	8.7	9.2	8.2
5 to 14 years	1,930	1,045	885	21.5	23.5	19.5
15 to 24 years	1,385	675	705	15.4	15.2	15.6
25 to 44 years	3,750	1,695	2,050	41.8	38.1	45.3
45 years and over	1,125	615	510	12.5	13.8	11.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,970	4,445	4,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,280	615	660	14.3	13.8	14.6
Brazil	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Colombia	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.7
El Salvador	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	125	60	60	1.4	1.3	1.3
Mexico	40	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.8
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	770	375	400	8.6	8.4	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	185	110	80	2.1	2.5	1.8
Europe	2,215	1,070	1,145	24.7	24.1	25.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Croatia	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
France	80	30	45	0.9	0.7	1.0
Germany	115	55	60	1.3	1.2	1.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Italy	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.8
Netherlands	280	135	145	3.1	3.0	3.2
Poland	60	35	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Portugal	40	25	20	0.4	0.6	0.4
Romania	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Russian Federation	95	40	55	1.1	0.9	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	50	30	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	910	440	470	10.1	9.9	10.4
Other places of birth in Europe	380	185	200	4.2	4.2	4.4
Africa	455	230	225	5.1	5.2	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Egypt	50	20	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	110	55	60	1.2	1.2	1.3
Somalia	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	45	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	180	100	80	2.0	2.2	1.8
Asia	4,970	2,505	2,465	55.4	56.4	54.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	185	110	80	2.1	2.5	1.8
Iraq	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Lebanon	115	75	40	1.3	1.7	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	4.3	4.6	4.1
Turkey	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,595	780	815	17.8	17.5	18.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	70	25	1.1	1.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.7
Taiwan	115	55	65	1.3	1.2	1.4
Philippines	405	165	240	4.5	3.7	5.3
Viet Nam	475	235	245	5.3	5.3	5.4
Bangladesh	90	55	35	1.0	1.2	0.8
India	745	415	330	8.3	9.3	7.3
Pakistan	80	45	35	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	70	35	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	470	200	270	5.2	4.5	6.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,960	2,035	1,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	375	170	200	9.5	8.4	10.4
Brazil	35	15	15	0.9	0.7	0.8
Colombia	35	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	45	60	2.8	2.2	3.1
Mexico	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	85	30	55	2.1	1.5	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	55	30	2.1	2.7	1.6
Europe	350	160	185	8.8	7.9	9.6
France	45	25	15	1.1	1.2	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	10	20	0.9	0.5	1.0
Russian Federation	45	20	30	1.1	1.0	1.6
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	50	60	2.8	2.5	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	50	2.3	2.2	2.6
Africa	210	105	100	5.3	5.2	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	85	40	45	2.1	2.0	2.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	30	15	1.3	1.5	0.8
Asia	3,010	1,590	1,420	76.0	78.1	73.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	25	20	1.3	1.2	1.0
China⁹⁰	1,130	575	555	28.5	28.3	28.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	35	20	1.4	1.7	1.0
India	590	335	255	14.9	16.5	13.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Iraq	40	25	15	1.0	1.2	0.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Nepal	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	195	95	105	4.9	4.7	5.5
Saudi Arabia	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	210	120	90	5.3	5.9	4.7
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
United Arab Emirates	55	15	35	1.4	0.7	1.8
Viet Nam	445	220	225	11.2	10.8	11.7
Other places of birth in Asia	85	45	40	2.1	2.2	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	25	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.5
Australia	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,745	7,110	6,640	15.7	16.6	14.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,710	3,390	3,320	7.7	7.9	7.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	67,070	32,230	34,850	76.6	75.4	77.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,665	3,850	3,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,795	2,995	2,800	75.6	77.8	73.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,305	1,330	980	30.1	34.5	25.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,485	1,665	1,820	45.5	43.2	47.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	905	370	535	11.8	9.6	14.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	915	450	470	11.9	11.7	12.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	15	0.7	0.9	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,665	3,850	3,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	995	520	475	13.0	13.5	12.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	335	155	175	4.4	4.0	4.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	740	390	350	9.7	10.1	9.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,540	2,765	2,775	72.3	71.8	72.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,280	5,980	5,305	12.9	14.0	11.8
South Asian	3,095	1,915	1,180	3.5	4.5	2.6
Chinese	2,935	1,460	1,475	3.4	3.4	3.3
Black	1,555	850	705	1.8	2.0	1.6
Filipino	575	220	355	0.7	0.5	0.8
Arab	1,005	540	465	1.1	1.3	1.0
Latin American	450	215	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	890	400	490	1.0	0.9	1.1
West Asian	285	160	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	160	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	125	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,245	36,745	39,500	87.1	86.0	88.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,530	42,725	44,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,095	6,060	6,035	13.8	14.2	13.5
English	20,880	9,910	10,970	23.9	23.2	24.5
Irish	25,150	11,605	13,545	28.7	27.2	30.2
Scottish	30,570	14,145	16,430	34.9	33.1	36.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,695	4,925	5,775	12.2	11.5	12.9
German	4,510	2,175	2,335	5.2	5.1	5.2
Chinese	2,700	1,330	1,370	3.1	3.1	3.1
Italian	1,075	505	570	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indian (India)	1,835	1,175	655	2.1	2.8	1.5
Ukrainian	730	345	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dutch	2,875	1,420	1,460	3.3	3.3	3.3
Polish	755	320	435	0.9	0.7	1.0
Québécois	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,030	990	1,045	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	500	195	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
French Canadian	485	210	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,310	1,580	1,730	3.8	3.7	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	765	335	430	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis	420	185	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,415	680	730	1.6	1.6	1.6
Russian	380	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	365	160	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	1,570	820	750	1.8	1.9	1.7
Portuguese	250	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	605	265	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	390	220	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Swedish	310	135	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	310	150	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	3,855	1,745	2,105	4.4	4.1	4.7
Pakistani	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	410	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	625	285	340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	465	255	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Greek	160	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	280	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	640	320	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian	205	110	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	330	150	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	470	240	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	455	210	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	170	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	270	180	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexican	200	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finnish	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	185	55	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	710	320	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	100	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ontarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	90	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	1,670	780	885	1.9	1.8	2.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,530	42,725	44,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	580	270	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Christian	55,270	25,750	29,520	63.1	60.3	65.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,165	2,965	3,205	7.0	6.9	7.2
Anabaptist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,995	1,325	1,665	3.4	3.1	3.7
Baptist	2,675	1,200	1,475	3.1	2.8	3.3
Catholic	26,110	12,215	13,895	29.8	28.6	31.0
Christian Orthodox	365	190	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	210	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	525	260	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	4,285	2,065	2,215	4.9	4.8	4.9
Reformed	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
United Church	7,220	3,225	4,000	8.2	7.5	8.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,935	1,850	2,085	4.5	4.3	4.7
Hindu	1,050	710	345	1.2	1.7	0.8
Jewish	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	1,535	885	650	1.8	2.1	1.5
Sikh	800	505	295	0.9	1.2	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	210	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	27,635	14,320	13,315	31.6	33.5	29.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,785	42,400	44,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	74,205	36,225	37,980	85.5	85.4	85.6
Movers	12,585	6,175	6,405	14.5	14.6	14.4
Non-migrants	6,315	3,105	3,205	7.3	7.3	7.2
Migrants	6,265	3,065	3,195	7.2	7.2	7.2
Internal migrants	5,295	2,600	2,695	6.1	6.1	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,740	1,310	1,430	3.2	3.1	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,555	1,290	1,265	2.9	3.0	2.9
External migrants	970	465	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	83,560	40,780	42,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,540	22,385	24,155	55.7	54.9	56.5
Movers	37,025	18,395	18,625	44.3	45.1	43.5
Non-migrants	9,755	4,785	4,970	11.7	11.7	11.6
Migrants	27,270	13,610	13,655	32.6	33.4	31.9
Internal migrants	20,435	9,915	10,520	24.5	24.3	24.6
Intraprovincial migrants	13,435	6,485	6,945	16.1	15.9	16.2
Interprovincial migrants	7,000	3,430	3,570	8.4	8.4	8.3
External migrants	6,840	3,695	3,140	8.2	9.1	7.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,535	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,860	5,520	4,345	13.4	15.5	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,675	30,010	33,670	86.6	84.5	88.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,305	21,795	23,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,225	2,050	1,175	7.1	9.4	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,085	19,745	22,340	92.9	90.6	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,535	35,525	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,000	4,965	4,030	12.2	14.0	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,690	9,790	8,900	25.4	27.6	23.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,850	20,775	25,080	62.4	58.5	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,115	11,715	13,400	34.2	33.0	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,390	3,235	1,155	6.0	9.1	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,185	1,435	750	3.0	4.0	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,205	1,800	405	3.0	5.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,635	7,735	10,900	25.3	21.8	28.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,090	745	1,345	2.8	2.1	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,740	9,055	11,680	28.2	25.5	30.7
Bachelor's degree	13,935	6,020	7,915	19.0	16.9	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,070	445	625	1.5	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	535	250	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	4,515	1,905	2,610	6.1	5.4	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	680	435	245	0.9	1.2	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,310	21,790	23,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,845	1,780	1,065	6.3	8.2	4.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,750	5,430	4,320	21.5	24.9	18.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,715	14,580	18,135	72.2	66.9	77.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,860	7,925	8,930	37.2	36.4	38.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,745	2,085	655	6.1	9.6	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,315	915	400	2.9	4.2	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,425	1,175	250	3.1	5.4	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,880	5,380	7,500	28.4	24.7	31.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,235	455	780	2.7	2.1	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,855	6,655	9,205	35.0	30.5	39.1
Bachelor's degree	10,590	4,455	6,135	23.4	20.4	26.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	295	415	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	190	265	1.0	0.9	1.1
Master's degree	3,590	1,400	2,185	7.9	6.4	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	515	315	200	1.1	1.4	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,540	35,530	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,685	14,755	12,935	37.6	41.5	34.0
Education	3,315	870	2,445	4.5	2.4	6.4
13. Education	3,315	870	2,445	4.5	2.4	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,240	555	685	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,155	490	665	1.6	1.4	1.7
Humanities	2,460	1,035	1,420	3.3	2.9	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	15	140	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	645	230	415	0.9	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	550	210	340	0.7	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	260	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	480	290	190	0.7	0.8	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,720	1,490	3,225	6.4	4.2	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	215	305	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	55	865	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	750	215	535	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,005	280	730	1.4	0.8	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,375	695	685	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	11,550	4,305	7,250	15.7	12.1	19.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,015	220	800	1.4	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,515	4,080	6,440	14.3	11.5	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,210	960	1,245	3.0	2.7	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,095	500	595	1.5	1.4	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	595	210	385	0.8	0.6	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	410	230	175	0.6	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,120	1,500	620	2.9	4.2	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,885	1,405	485	2.6	4.0	1.3
25. Library science	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,205	6,660	545	9.8	18.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	235	145	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,295	1,110	190	1.8	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,440	1,285	155	2.0	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,065	2,025	40	2.8	5.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,320	25	1.8	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	830	780	50	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,585	865	720	2.2	2.4	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,205	645	560	1.6	1.8	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	220	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	7,015	1,195	5,815	9.5	3.4	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	285	220	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,350	830	5,520	8.6	2.3	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,440	1,340	1,100	3.3	3.8	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,370	410	965	1.9	1.2	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	385	95	0.7	1.1	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	505	30	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,310	21,795	23,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,590	7,215	5,385	27.8	33.1	22.9
Education	2,115	520	1,595	4.7	2.4	6.8
13. Education	2,115	520	1,595	4.7	2.4	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	400	485	2.0	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	815	345	465	1.8	1.6	2.0
Humanities	1,745	695	1,050	3.9	3.2	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	10	105	0.3	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	490	175	315	1.1	0.8	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	390	150	240	0.9	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
54. History	320	180	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,590	1,080	2,510	7.9	5.0	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	165	250	0.9	0.8	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	35	620	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	605	140	460	1.3	0.6	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	790	220	575	1.7	1.0	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,025	505	515	2.3	2.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	8,215	3,020	5,195	18.1	13.9	22.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	735	175	560	1.6	0.8	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,465	2,850	4,620	16.5	13.1	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,480	630	850	3.3	2.9	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	765	320	445	1.7	1.5	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	135	245	0.8	0.6	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	290	175	120	0.6	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,565	1,110	455	3.5	5.1	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,420	1,050	370	3.1	4.8	1.6
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,000	4,545	455	11.0	20.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	160	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	990	840	155	2.2	3.9	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	990	865	125	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,400	1,370	30	3.1	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	880	860	25	1.9	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	570	530	50	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	560	575	2.5	2.6	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	840	390	455	1.9	1.8	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	175	120	0.7	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	5,125	990	4,145	11.3	4.5	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	225	145	0.8	1.0	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,640	705	3,935	10.2	3.2	16.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,850	1,030	820	4.1	4.7	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,040	315	715	2.3	1.4	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	380	305	70	0.8	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	415	390	25	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,310	21,795	23,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,590	7,215	5,385	27.8	33.1	22.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,720	14,580	18,135	72.2	66.9	77.1
Location of study inside Canada	28,220	12,445	15,775	62.3	57.1	67.1
Same as province or territory of residence	18,100	8,005	10,095	39.9	36.7	42.9
Different than province or territory of residence	10,120	4,435	5,680	22.3	20.3	24.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,495	2,135	2,360	9.9	9.8	10.0
Americas	810	365	445	1.8	1.7	1.9
United States of America	545	250	295	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mexico	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	765	400	365	1.7	1.8	1.6
Belgium	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	60	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	335	200	135	0.7	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Africa	115	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,735	1,280	1,455	6.0	5.9	6.2
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	955	445	515	2.1	2.0	2.2
Taiwan	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	275	100	180	0.6	0.5	0.8
Viet Nam	225	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladesh	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	30	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	630	345	280	1.4	1.6	1.2
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	115	30	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
Oceania	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
Australia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,535	35,525	38,010	...	...	...
In the labour force	49,295	25,175	24,125	...	...	...
Employed	44,705	22,675	22,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,585	2,500	2,085	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,245	10,360	13,885	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.0	70.9	63.5	67.0	70.9	63.5
Employment rate	60.8	63.8	58.0	60.8	63.8	58.0
Unemployment rate	9.3	9.9	8.6	9.3	9.9	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,540	35,530	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,910	10,380	13,530	32.5	29.2	35.6
Worked	49,625	25,150	24,480	67.5	70.8	64.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,325	13,910	12,410	35.8	39.2	32.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,305	11,230	12,065	31.7	31.6	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.2	40.7	41.0	41.2	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,295	25,170	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	505	460	2.0	2.0	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	48,325	24,670	23,660	98.0	98.0	98.1
Employee	42,440	20,815	21,625	86.1	82.7	89.7
Permanent position	32,070	15,750	16,315	65.1	62.6	67.6
Temporary position	10,365	5,060	5,305	21.0	20.1	22.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,770	1,230	1,540	5.6	4.9	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,590	3,830	3,765	15.4	15.2	15.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,890	3,855	2,035	11.9	15.3	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,295	25,170	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	505	460	2.0	2.0	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	48,325	24,670	23,660	98.0	98.0	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	570	345	225	1.2	1.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,950	2,480	5,470	16.1	9.9	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,655	2,715	940	7.4	10.8	3.9
3 Health occupations	4,370	760	3,605	8.9	3.0	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,845	2,200	4,645	13.9	8.7	19.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,365	670	690	2.8	2.7	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,340	5,580	6,760	25.0	22.2	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,430	6,970	460	15.1	27.7	1.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,295	1,830	470	4.7	7.3	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,510	1,110	395	3.1	4.4	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,295	25,170	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	505	460	2.0	2.0	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	48,325	24,670	23,660	98.0	98.0	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,340	1,750	595	4.7	7.0	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	75	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	250	185	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	3,810	3,445	370	7.7	13.7	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,710	1,940	770	5.5	7.7	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	795	615	185	1.6	2.4	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,745	2,800	2,950	11.7	11.1	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,510	1,215	295	3.1	4.8	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	545	330	215	1.1	1.3	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,400	600	800	2.8	2.4	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	655	375	285	1.3	1.5	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,200	1,845	1,360	6.5	7.3	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,990	1,240	755	4.0	4.9	3.1
61 Educational services	4,075	1,315	2,765	8.3	5.2	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,550	1,180	5,360	13.3	4.7	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,165	670	495	2.4	2.7	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,405	1,550	1,855	6.9	6.2	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,140	935	1,200	4.3	3.7	5.0
91 Public administration	5,865	2,585	3,285	11.9	10.3	13.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,075	26,960	26,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,220	25,750	24,475	94.6	95.5	93.7
French	245	65	180	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-official language	255	130	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	130	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	1,540	595	940	2.9	2.2	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	780	400	380	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,075	26,960	26,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,785	26,800	25,985	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	52,315	26,570	25,740	98.6	98.6	98.5
English	51,810	26,420	25,390	97.6	98.0	97.2
French	505	150	355	1.0	0.6	1.4
Non-official languages	475	230	240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	475	230	240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	125	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	290	115	170	0.5	0.4	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	110	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	295	160	135	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	165	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,075	26,960	26,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,975	26,080	24,895	96.0	96.7	95.3
English	470	185	280	0.9	0.7	1.1
French	1,165	455	710	2.2	1.7	2.7
Non-official language	365	195	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	345	185	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,705	22,675	22,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,370	3,625	3,745	16.5	16.0	17.0
Worked outside Canada	130	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,515	4,235	1,280	12.3	18.7	5.8
Usual place of work	31,695	14,740	16,955	70.9	65.0	76.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,695	14,740	16,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,835	6,380	7,455	43.7	43.3	44.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	14,350	6,400	7,950	45.3	43.4	46.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,545	1,490	1,050	8.0	10.1	6.2
Commute to a different province or territory	975	470	500	3.1	3.2	2.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,215	18,975	18,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,785	17,345	16,445	90.8	91.4	90.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,075	16,310	14,765	83.5	86.0	80.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,710	1,035	1,675	7.3	5.5	9.2
Public transit	775	345	430	2.1	1.8	2.4
Walked	1,880	885	995	5.1	4.7	5.5
Bicycle	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	650	325	325	1.7	1.7	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,215	18,975	18,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,665	8,075	8,595	44.8	42.6	47.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,855	6,970	6,890	37.2	36.7	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,555	2,480	2,080	12.2	13.1	11.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,285	805	480	3.5	4.2	2.6
60 minutes and over	845	645	200	2.3	3.4	1.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,215	18,975	18,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,565	1,090	475	4.2	5.7	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,475	3,250	2,225	14.7	17.1	12.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,000	6,715	6,285	34.9	35.4	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,745	3,795	4,950	23.5	20.0	27.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,970	1,725	2,250	10.7	9.1	12.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,450	2,395	2,060	12.0	12.6	11.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,260	8,855	8,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,420	695	730	8.2	7.8	8.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,835	8,165	7,675	91.7	92.2	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,970	6,650	6,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,100	515	590	8.5	7.7	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	295	360	5.1	4.4	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	215	230	3.4	3.2	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,865	6,135	5,730	91.5	92.3	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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