Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Commuting
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Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Income of individuals in 2020
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Indigenous peoples
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Work activity during the reference year
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Characteristic Prince Edward IslandMore information:

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Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 154,331 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 142,907 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 8.0 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 74,934 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 64,570 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 27.2 ... ... 27.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 5,681.18 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 154,330 75,385 78,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 23,640 12,120 11,520 15.3 16.1 14.6 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6
0 to 4 years 6,750 3,475 3,280 4.4 4.6 4.2 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8
5 to 9 years 8,085 4,190 3,900 5.2 5.6 4.9 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3
10 to 14 years 8,800 4,455 4,345 5.7 5.9 5.5 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5
15 to 64 years 97,985 48,205 49,775 63.5 63.9 63.1 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2
15 to 19 years 8,560 4,335 4,220 5.5 5.8 5.3 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2
20 to 24 years 10,570 5,565 5,005 6.8 7.4 6.3 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7
25 to 29 years 9,200 4,765 4,435 6.0 6.3 5.6 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4
30 to 34 years 9,000 4,315 4,685 5.8 5.7 5.9 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7
35 to 39 years 8,980 4,300 4,680 5.8 5.7 5.9 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8
40 to 44 years 9,130 4,360 4,775 5.9 5.8 6.0 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5
45 to 49 years 9,505 4,625 4,890 6.2 6.1 6.2 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3
50 to 54 years 9,960 4,840 5,115 6.5 6.4 6.5 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4
55 to 59 years 11,640 5,640 6,005 7.5 7.5 7.6 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2
60 to 64 years 11,430 5,460 5,970 7.4 7.2 7.6 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0
65 years and over 32,705 15,060 17,650 21.2 20.0 22.4 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2
65 to 69 years 10,500 5,055 5,450 6.8 6.7 6.9 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1
70 to 74 years 9,190 4,425 4,770 6.0 5.9 6.0 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2
75 to 79 years 5,775 2,675 3,095 3.7 3.5 3.9 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6
80 to 84 years 3,730 1,620 2,110 2.4 2.1 2.7 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5
85 years and over 3,515 1,285 2,230 2.3 1.7 2.8 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9
85 to 89 years 2,230 880 1,355 1.4 1.2 1.7 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7
90 to 94 years 955 310 640 0.6 0.4 0.8 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9
95 to 99 years 295 85 210 0.2 0.1 0.3 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 35 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.3 16.1 14.6 15.3 16.1 14.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6
15 to 64 years 63.5 63.9 63.1 63.5 63.9 63.1 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2
65 years and over 21.2 20.0 22.4 21.2 20.0 22.4 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2
85 years and over 2.3 1.7 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9
Average age of the population 43.1 42.1 44.0 43.1 42.1 44.0 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8
Median age of the population 44.0 42.8 45.2 44.0 42.8 45.2 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 43,855 ... ... 67.9 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ...
Semi-detached house 3,645 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Row house 2,680 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 1,135 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 10,370 ... ... 16.1 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 130 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Other single-attached house 85 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 2,680 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 18,635 ... ... 28.9 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
2 persons 24,470 ... ... 37.9 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
3 persons 9,475 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
4 persons 7,620 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 4,370 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 130,690 63,260 67,430 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 75,415 37,675 37,735 57.7 59.6 56.0 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6
Married 62,350 31,185 31,170 47.7 49.3 46.2 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3
Living common-law 13,060 6,495 6,565 10.0 10.3 9.7 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3
Living common law - Never married 9,330 4,580 4,750 7.1 7.2 7.0 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4
Living common law - Separated 700 385 315 0.5 0.6 0.5 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 2,655 1,375 1,280 2.0 2.2 1.9 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2
Living common law - Widowed 370 155 215 0.3 0.2 0.3 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 55,280 25,590 29,690 42.3 40.5 44.0 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 36,455 19,470 16,980 27.9 30.8 25.2 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 3,585 1,510 2,070 2.7 2.4 3.1 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 7,235 2,905 4,325 5.5 4.6 6.4 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 8,010 1,695 6,315 6.1 2.7 9.4 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 43,530 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 24,415 ... ... 56.1 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ...
3 persons 8,730 ... ... 20.1 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
4 persons 6,940 ... ... 15.9 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 3,445 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 43,530 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 36,805 ... ... 84.6 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ...
Married couples 30,275 ... ... 69.5 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ...
With children6 13,985 ... ... 32.1 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ...
Without children 16,285 ... ... 37.4 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 6,530 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
With children6 2,565 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Without children 3,965 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
Total one-parent families 6,730 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 5,205 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 1,525 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 121,345 59,940 61,400 80.6 81.5 79.8 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners 73,600 36,730 36,870 48.9 49.9 47.9 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6
Parents in one-parent families 6,725 1,520 5,210 4.5 2.1 6.8 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1
Children6 41,010 21,685 19,325 27.3 29.5 25.1 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1
In a two-parent family 30,790 16,140 14,650 20.5 21.9 19.0 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6
In a one-parent family 10,220 5,545 4,670 6.8 7.5 6.1 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 29,140 13,605 15,540 19.4 18.5 20.2 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2
Living alone 18,635 7,965 10,675 12.4 10.8 13.9 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8
Living with other relatives7 2,870 1,230 1,645 1.9 1.7 2.1 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9
Living with non-relatives only 7,630 4,415 3,220 5.1 6.0 4.2 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 39,905 ... ... 61.8 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ...
Couple-family households 34,430 ... ... 53.3 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ...
With children6 15,530 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
Without children 18,900 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
One-parent-family households 5,480 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 1,005 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 255 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 1,555 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 3,210 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
One-person households 18,635 ... ... 28.9 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 122,790 59,350 63,435 96.8 96.6 96.9 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 41,600 36,400 38,800 41,600 36,400 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 122,870 59,395 63,470 96.8 96.7 97.0 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,400 36,000 32,400 34,400 36,000 32,400 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 110,750 54,565 56,190 87.3 88.8 85.9 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,600 34,000 27,200 30,600 34,000 27,200 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 91,325 46,475 44,850 72.0 75.6 68.5 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,200 33,600 29,000 31,200 33,600 29,000 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 99,515 45,585 53,925 78.4 74.2 82.4 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,700 12,800 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,600 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 26,055 13,740 12,310 20.5 22.4 18.8 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,900 9,000 6,750 7,900 9,000 6,750 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 31,520 15,180 16,340 24.8 24.7 25.0 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,500 7,000 7,500 7,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 123,000 59,395 63,605 96.9 96.7 97.2 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,120 50,360 42,200 46,120 50,360 42,200 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 123,055 59,435 63,620 97.0 96.7 97.2 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,600 41,320 36,040 38,600 41,320 36,040 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 111,055 54,450 56,605 87.5 88.6 86.5 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,600 44,480 34,920 39,600 44,480 34,920 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 91,335 46,420 44,915 72.0 75.5 68.6 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,040 42,320 35,680 39,040 42,320 35,680 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 99,930 45,775 54,155 78.7 74.5 82.7 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,760 12,410 13,060 12,760 12,410 13,060 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 26,430 13,690 12,740 20.8 22.3 19.5 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,280 10,030 8,470 9,280 10,030 8,470 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 31,580 14,960 16,620 24.9 24.3 25.4 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,060 7,910 8,200 8,060 7,910 8,200 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 41,135 21,685 19,450 32.4 35.3 29.7 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 52,800 54,800 50,800 52,800 54,800 50,800 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 60,300 63,650 56,500 60,300 63,650 56,500 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 40,270 19,765 20,510 31.7 32.2 31.3 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,600 18,400 14,900 16,600 18,400 14,900 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 23,140 25,560 20,800 23,140 25,560 20,800 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 77.6 81.0 73.6 77.6 81.0 73.6 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8
Employment income (%)19 62.8 65.6 59.7 62.8 65.6 59.7 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7
Government transfers (%)20 22.5 19.0 26.4 22.5 19.0 26.4 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 4.3 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.4 4.6 6.2 5.4 4.6 6.2 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.5 4.0 5.1 4.5 4.0 5.1 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 4,105 2,095 2,015 3.2 3.4 3.1 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5
With total income 122,790 59,355 63,440 96.8 96.6 96.9 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 8,895 3,975 4,925 7.2 6.7 7.8 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 14,340 6,025 8,315 11.7 10.2 13.1 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 20,890 9,045 11,845 17.0 15.2 18.7 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5
$30,000 to $39,999 19,790 9,245 10,545 16.1 15.6 16.6 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9
$40,000 to $49,999 17,000 8,340 8,660 13.8 14.1 13.7 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8
$50,000 to $59,999 12,955 6,455 6,495 10.6 10.9 10.2 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 8,715 4,720 3,995 7.1 8.0 6.3 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6
$70,000 to $79,999 5,810 3,225 2,590 4.7 5.4 4.1 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 4,350 2,255 2,100 3.5 3.8 3.3 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 3,085 1,490 1,590 2.5 2.5 2.5 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8
$100,000 and over 6,955 4,570 2,385 5.7 7.7 3.8 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3
$100,000 to $149,999 4,860 3,050 1,810 4.0 5.1 2.9 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2
$150,000 and over 2,095 1,525 575 1.7 2.6 0.9 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 4,030 2,050 1,980 3.2 3.3 3.0 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5
With after-tax income 122,865 59,400 63,470 96.8 96.7 97.0 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 9,520 4,180 5,340 7.7 7.0 8.4 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 15,360 6,540 8,820 12.5 11.0 13.9 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0
$20,000 to $29,999 25,795 11,500 14,290 21.0 19.4 22.5 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 24,250 11,830 12,425 19.7 19.9 19.6 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1
$40,000 to $49,999 18,345 9,085 9,260 14.9 15.3 14.6 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1
$50,000 to $59,999 11,585 6,105 5,480 9.4 10.3 8.6 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 7,100 3,700 3,395 5.8 6.2 5.3 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1
$70,000 to $79,999 4,430 2,260 2,165 3.6 3.8 3.4 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 2,260 1,285 975 1.8 2.2 1.5 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9
$90,000 to $99,999 1,250 790 460 1.0 1.3 0.7 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6
$100,000 and over 2,985 2,120 865 2.4 3.6 1.4 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3
$100,000 to $124,999 1,535 1,040 490 1.2 1.8 0.8 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8
$125,000 and over 1,450 1,080 375 1.2 1.8 0.6 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 35,575 14,970 20,600 28.0 24.4 31.5 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9
With employment income 91,325 46,480 44,850 72.0 75.6 68.5 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 11,930 5,690 6,240 13.1 12.2 13.9 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7
$5,000 to $9,999 8,250 3,640 4,615 9.0 7.8 10.3 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5
$10,000 to $19,999 13,705 6,760 6,945 15.0 14.5 15.5 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 10,530 5,375 5,150 11.5 11.6 11.5 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4
$30,000 to $39,999 10,385 5,090 5,295 11.4 11.0 11.8 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8
$40,000 to $49,999 9,340 4,785 4,560 10.2 10.3 10.2 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4
$50,000 to $59,999 7,545 4,005 3,545 8.3 8.6 7.9 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8
$60,000 to $69,999 5,440 3,050 2,390 6.0 6.6 5.3 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 3,945 2,180 1,760 4.3 4.7 3.9 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 3,170 1,500 1,670 3.5 3.2 3.7 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8
$90,000 to $99,999 2,300 1,150 1,150 2.5 2.5 2.6 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1
$100,000 and over 4,775 3,245 1,535 5.2 7.0 3.4 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5
$100,000 to $124,999 2,395 1,500 900 2.6 3.2 2.0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1
$125,000 and over 2,380 1,745 635 2.6 3.8 1.4 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 120,875 58,400 62,480 95.3 95.0 95.5 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,400 40,000 33,200 36,400 40,000 33,200 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 120,970 58,410 62,560 95.3 95.1 95.6 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 32,000 34,400 29,800 32,000 34,400 29,800 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 110,215 54,175 56,035 86.9 88.2 85.6 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,600 34,400 27,200 30,600 34,400 27,200 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 92,525 46,765 45,760 72.9 76.1 69.9 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,600 33,600 28,200 30,600 33,600 28,200 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 89,695 40,155 49,545 70.7 65.3 75.7 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,500 9,700 9,400 9,500 9,700 9,400 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 24,835 13,170 11,665 19.6 21.4 17.8 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,500 9,300 7,400 8,500 9,300 7,400 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 120,955 58,395 62,560 95.3 95.0 95.6 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,880 48,560 39,480 43,880 48,560 39,480 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 121,030 58,405 62,630 95.4 95.0 95.7 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,560 39,680 33,640 36,560 39,680 33,640 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 110,435 54,220 56,220 87.0 88.2 85.9 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,640 44,720 34,760 39,640 44,720 34,760 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 92,705 46,845 45,860 73.1 76.2 70.1 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,120 43,120 35,040 39,120 43,120 35,040 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 89,655 40,055 49,600 70.7 65.2 75.8 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 10,330 10,240 10,400 10,330 10,240 10,400 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 24,780 13,020 11,760 19.5 21.2 18.0 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,450 10,070 8,750 9,450 10,070 8,750 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 40,840 21,500 19,340 32.2 35.0 29.5 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 50,400 52,400 48,000 50,400 52,400 48,000 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 57,150 61,050 52,850 57,150 61,050 52,850 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 38,455 19,000 19,455 30.3 30.9 29.7 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,400 21,200 17,600 19,400 21,200 17,600 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 27,480 30,720 24,300 27,480 30,720 24,300 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 82.6 85.6 79.2 82.6 85.6 79.2 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0
Employment income (%) 68.4 71.2 65.0 68.4 71.2 65.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 17.4 14.5 20.9 17.4 14.5 20.9 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 64,570 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 18,635 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,400 ... ... 36,400 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 32,400 ... ... 32,400 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 45,935 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 64,570 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 87,900 ... ... 87,900 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 18,615 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,640 ... ... 42,640 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,200 ... ... 36,200 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 45,955 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 106,200 ... ... 106,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 88,700 ... ... 88,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 630 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 345 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 885 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,175 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 3,490 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,425 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,710 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,945 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,870 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,695 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 5,475 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,965 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 4,725 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 4,370 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 3,930 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$100,000 and over 20,930 ... ... 32.4 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 7,575 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 5,010 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 5,095 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$200,000 and over 3,250 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 710 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 360 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 915 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,270 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 3,870 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,985 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 3,300 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,530 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,445 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 3,235 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 6,155 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 5,990 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 5,415 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 4,740 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 3,920 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 14,730 ... ... 22.8 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 6,845 ... ... 10.6 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,760 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$150,000 and over 4,125 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 43,455 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 19,210 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 71,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 16,720 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 6,285 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 61,200 ... ... 61,200 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 56,400 ... ... 56,400 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 26,270 12,375 13,895 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,800 33,200 34,000 34,800 33,200 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 30,800 31,200 30,400 30,800 31,200 30,400 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 43,445 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 106,500 ... ... 106,500 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 88,600 ... ... 88,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 19,125 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 95,600 ... ... 95,600 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 79,300 ... ... 79,300 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 16,800 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 133,400 ... ... 133,400 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 109,800 ... ... 109,800 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 6,215 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 69,800 ... ... 69,800 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 61,450 ... ... 61,450 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 26,230 12,215 14,015 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 40,040 40,480 39,600 40,040 40,480 39,600 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 34,280 34,400 34,200 34,280 34,400 34,200 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 28,685 14,705 13,985 19.1 20.0 18.2 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0
0 to 5 years 8,260 4,280 3,980 5.5 5.8 5.2 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9
18 to 64 years 91,000 44,465 46,535 60.5 60.5 60.5 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9
65 years and over 30,800 14,375 16,425 20.5 19.5 21.3 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 20,725 9,395 11,325 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 4,460 2,275 2,185 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 1,295 690 605 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 10,145 4,695 5,450 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ...
65 years and over 6,120 2,425 3,695 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 13.8 12.8 14.7 13.8 12.8 14.7 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6
0 to 17 years (%) 15.5 15.5 15.6 15.5 15.5 15.6 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
0 to 5 years (%) 15.7 16.1 15.2 15.7 16.1 15.2 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
18 to 64 years (%) 11.2 10.6 11.7 11.2 10.6 11.7 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9
65 years and over (%) 19.9 16.9 22.5 19.9 16.9 22.5 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 149,875 73,240 76,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 28,475 14,600 13,875 19.0 19.9 18.1 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9
0 to 5 years 8,205 4,250 3,960 5.5 5.8 5.2 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8
18 to 64 years 90,630 44,285 46,350 60.5 60.5 60.5 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0
65 years and over 30,765 14,355 16,410 20.5 19.6 21.4 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 6,185 3,095 3,095 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,150 595 555 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 300 155 145 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,615 2,320 2,300 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ...
65 years and over 425 180 240 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0
0 to 17 years (%) 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
0 to 5 years (%) 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
18 to 64 years (%) 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7
65 years and over (%) 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 90,760 43,710 47,050 60.3 59.4 61.2 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1
In bottom decile 18,220 8,555 9,670 12.1 11.6 12.6 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2
In second decile 19,490 9,135 10,355 13.0 12.4 13.5 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5
In third decile 18,460 8,965 9,495 12.3 12.2 12.3 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2
In fourth decile 17,650 8,650 8,995 11.7 11.8 11.7 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1
In fifth decile 16,945 8,405 8,535 11.3 11.4 11.1 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0
In top half of the distribution 59,720 29,830 29,890 39.7 40.6 38.8 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9
In sixth decile 15,690 7,820 7,870 10.4 10.6 10.2 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9
In seventh decile 14,460 7,135 7,330 9.6 9.7 9.5 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9
In eighth decile 12,475 6,250 6,225 8.3 8.5 8.1 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8
In ninth decile 9,835 4,920 4,915 6.5 6.7 6.4 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7
In top decile 7,255 3,705 3,550 4.8 5.0 4.6 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 150,480 ... ... 150,480 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.309 ... ... 0.309 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.435 ... ... 0.435 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.271 ... ... 0.271 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.4 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 152,455 74,645 77,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 131,465 65,710 65,755 86.2 88.0 84.5 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1
French only 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7
English and French 19,385 8,185 11,195 12.7 11.0 14.4 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0
Neither English nor French 1,480 680 795 1.0 0.9 1.0 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 152,455 74,645 77,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 146,265 71,800 74,465 95.9 96.2 95.7 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2
French 4,350 2,020 2,330 2.9 2.7 3.0 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4
English and French 415 180 235 0.3 0.2 0.3 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3
Neither English nor French 1,425 650 780 0.9 0.9 1.0 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 152,455 74,645 77,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 149,950 73,405 76,540 98.4 98.3 98.4 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9
Official languages 136,985 66,615 70,370 89.9 89.2 90.4 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9
English 132,425 64,525 67,900 86.9 86.4 87.3 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3
French 4,560 2,085 2,475 3.0 2.8 3.2 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6
Non-official languages 12,965 6,795 6,170 8.5 9.1 7.9 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0
Indigenous languages39 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,920 6,770 6,145 8.5 9.1 7.9 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 940 515 425 0.6 0.7 0.5 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 865 480 390 0.6 0.6 0.5 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6
Amharic 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 830 455 375 0.5 0.6 0.5 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3
Aramaic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 610 300 310 0.4 0.4 0.4 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 605 295 305 0.4 0.4 0.4 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,295 580 715 0.8 0.8 0.9 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8
Bikol 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,165 525 640 0.8 0.7 0.8 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian Creole 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 495 305 195 0.3 0.4 0.3 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 395 245 150 0.3 0.3 0.2 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 5,195 2,890 2,300 3.4 3.9 3.0 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4
Albanian 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 475 215 265 0.3 0.3 0.3 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9
Baltic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 470 210 260 0.3 0.3 0.3 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 80 35 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5
Russian 230 105 130 0.2 0.1 0.2 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,095 575 520 0.7 0.8 0.7 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3
Frisian 25 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 525 270 260 0.3 0.4 0.3 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 475 235 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pennsylvania German 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 500 270 235 0.3 0.4 0.3 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 440 235 200 0.3 0.3 0.3 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 2,600 1,580 1,020 1.7 2.1 1.3 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4
Indo-Aryan languages 2,380 1,460 915 1.6 2.0 1.2 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 120 80 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 280 205 75 0.2 0.3 0.1 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 245 145 100 0.2 0.2 0.1 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 180 90 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,380 850 530 0.9 1.1 0.7 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 75 45 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 225 120 105 0.1 0.2 0.1 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 220 120 100 0.1 0.2 0.1 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 185 100 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 850 425 420 0.6 0.6 0.5 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portuguese 190 90 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romanian 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3
Spanish 550 285 270 0.4 0.4 0.3 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 95 20 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 130 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,795 1,930 1,870 2.5 2.6 2.4 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8
Chinese languages 3,730 1,890 1,840 2.4 2.5 2.4 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8
Hakka 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 3,240 1,625 1,620 2.1 2.2 2.1 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 65 45 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 350 175 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 65 40 30 0.0 0.1 0.0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 30 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 35 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijani 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,505 1,240 1,265 1.6 1.7 1.6 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1
English and French 970 430 540 0.6 0.6 0.7 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 1,320 695 625 0.9 0.9 0.8 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5
French and non-official language(s) 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 120 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 152,455 74,645 77,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 134,785 65,730 69,060 88.4 88.1 88.8 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6
French 1,620 755 860 1.1 1.0 1.1 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6
Non-official language 5,485 2,965 2,520 3.6 4.0 3.2 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 5,480 2,960 2,515 3.6 4.0 3.2 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7
English and French 2,605 1,120 1,485 1.7 1.5 1.9 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6
English and non-official language(s) 7,300 3,755 3,545 4.8 5.0 4.6 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4
French and non-official language(s) 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 340 155 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3
Multiple non-official languages 280 140 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 152,455 74,645 77,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 150,355 73,620 76,735 98.6 98.6 98.6 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7
Official languages 141,285 68,820 72,460 92.7 92.2 93.1 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7
English 139,195 67,855 71,345 91.3 90.9 91.7 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5
French 2,085 960 1,120 1.4 1.3 1.4 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2
Non-official languages 9,080 4,800 4,275 6.0 6.4 5.5 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9
Indigenous languages39 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 9,065 4,800 4,270 5.9 6.4 5.5 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 610 315 290 0.4 0.4 0.4 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 560 295 265 0.4 0.4 0.3 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 545 285 260 0.4 0.4 0.3 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 585 300 285 0.4 0.4 0.4 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 580 300 285 0.4 0.4 0.4 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 880 415 465 0.6 0.6 0.6 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 805 385 425 0.5 0.5 0.5 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 350 205 150 0.2 0.3 0.2 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kannada 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 295 175 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 2,950 1,675 1,280 1.9 2.2 1.6 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2
Albanian 75 45 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 230 105 120 0.2 0.1 0.2 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 225 105 120 0.1 0.1 0.2 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 155 70 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 380 195 185 0.2 0.3 0.2 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 245 125 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 205 105 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 95 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,820 1,105 720 1.2 1.5 0.9 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 1,665 1,030 635 1.1 1.4 0.8 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 80 50 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 190 140 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 125 75 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 125 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,070 665 410 0.7 0.9 0.5 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 160 75 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 150 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 130 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 435 220 210 0.3 0.3 0.3 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 310 165 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 35 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 30 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,365 1,735 1,635 2.2 2.3 2.1 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8
Chinese languages 3,325 1,710 1,610 2.2 2.3 2.1 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,985 1,550 1,440 2.0 2.1 1.9 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 275 130 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,100 1,030 1,070 1.4 1.4 1.4 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3
English and French 450 170 290 0.3 0.2 0.4 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 1,575 820 750 1.0 1.1 1.0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 152,455 74,645 77,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 143,655 70,300 73,355 94.2 94.2 94.3 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5
English 3,250 1,615 1,630 2.1 2.2 2.1 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3
French 1,810 810 1,000 1.2 1.1 1.3 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6
Non-official language 2,750 1,390 1,355 1.8 1.9 1.7 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3
Indigenous39 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 2,690 1,365 1,325 1.8 1.8 1.7 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2
English and French 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 475 260 210 0.3 0.3 0.3 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 165 75 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 305 170 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 150,485 73,545 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 149,645 73,110 76,535 99.4 99.4 99.5 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8
English 149,525 73,045 76,480 99.4 99.3 99.4 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2
French 19,445 8,285 11,155 12.9 11.3 14.5 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6
Non-official languages 16,155 8,280 7,870 10.7 11.3 10.2 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3
Indigenous languages39 160 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7
Algonquian languages 145 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 16,015 8,220 7,790 10.6 11.2 10.1 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,320 735 585 0.9 1.0 0.8 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 60 40 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 60 40 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,260 700 555 0.8 1.0 0.7 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7
Amharic 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 1,165 645 520 0.8 0.9 0.7 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2
Aramaic languages 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 75 40 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 785 390 395 0.5 0.5 0.5 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 785 390 395 0.5 0.5 0.5 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,670 690 980 1.1 0.9 1.3 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 100 35 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,625 670 955 1.1 0.9 1.2 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1
Creole languages 155 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian Creole 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 730 420 310 0.5 0.6 0.4 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9
Kannada 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 600 335 265 0.4 0.5 0.3 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 140 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6
Telugu 65 50 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 7,735 4,145 3,590 5.1 5.6 4.7 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2
Albanian 230 125 105 0.2 0.2 0.1 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 675 355 320 0.4 0.5 0.4 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4
Baltic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 665 350 320 0.4 0.5 0.4 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Polish 130 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Russian 325 170 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 90 60 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 55 40 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 90 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 55 40 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,755 885 875 1.2 1.2 1.1 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frisian 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,060 560 500 0.7 0.8 0.6 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3
German 1,040 550 500 0.7 0.7 0.6 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 675 340 335 0.4 0.5 0.4 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 115 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 550 285 265 0.4 0.4 0.3 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 90 35 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 30 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 3,275 1,980 1,295 2.2 2.7 1.7 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0
Indo-Aryan languages 2,985 1,830 1,160 2.0 2.5 1.5 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 190 145 45 0.1 0.2 0.1 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 325 240 85 0.2 0.3 0.1 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 1,660 1,050 605 1.1 1.4 0.8 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0
Kacchi 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 165 75 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,550 955 595 1.0 1.3 0.8 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 180 105 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 70 55 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 285 150 135 0.2 0.2 0.2 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 285 150 135 0.2 0.2 0.2 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 250 135 115 0.2 0.2 0.1 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,950 905 1,045 1.3 1.2 1.4 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 245 140 105 0.2 0.2 0.1 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5
Portuguese 340 140 200 0.2 0.2 0.3 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 1,425 670 755 0.9 0.9 1.0 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 25 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 310 130 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 100 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 320 215 110 0.2 0.3 0.1 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7
Akan (Twi) 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 90 65 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,275 1,590 1,685 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5
Chinese languages 3,195 1,555 1,640 2.1 2.1 2.1 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 2,940 1,415 1,535 2.0 1.9 2.0 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9
Min Dong 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 75 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 445 250 195 0.3 0.3 0.3 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 90 35 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2
Azerbaijani 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 105 30 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 150,480 73,545 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 3,385 1,620 1,765 2.2 2.2 2.3 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1
Single Indigenous responses46 3,185 1,545 1,635 2.1 2.1 2.1 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) 2,165 1,070 1,090 1.4 1.5 1.4 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9
Métis 845 395 450 0.6 0.5 0.6 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7
Inuk (Inuit) 180 85 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses47 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 165 60 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 147,100 71,925 75,175 97.8 97.8 97.7 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 150,480 73,545 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,460 705 765 1.0 1.0 1.0 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 149,020 72,840 76,180 99.0 99.0 99.0 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 44,420 ... ... 68.8 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ...
Renter 19,990 ... ... 31.0 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 165 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 1,860 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Not condominium 62,710 ... ... 97.1 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 205 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
1 bedroom 6,035 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 17,730 ... ... 27.5 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
3 bedrooms 24,505 ... ... 38.0 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 16,090 ... ... 24.9 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 15,865 ... ... 24.6 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ...
5 rooms 10,815 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
6 rooms 9,985 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
7 rooms 8,705 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 19,200 ... ... 29.7 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.4 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 63,890 ... ... 98.9 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 680 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 62,550 ... ... 96.9 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ...
Not suitable 2,015 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 14,795 ... ... 22.9 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 16,450 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 8,110 ... ... 12.6 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
1991 to 2000 8,100 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
2001 to 2005 3,870 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 4,360 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
2011 to 2015 4,100 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
2016 to 202157 4,790 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 59,995 ... ... 92.9 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed 4,575 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 32,085 ... ... 49.7 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 30,070 ... ... 46.6 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 2,415 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 2,460 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
25 to 34 years 8,045 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 9,530 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
45 to 54 years 10,945 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
55 to 64 years 13,405 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ...
65 to 74 years 12,060 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
75 to 84 years 6,215 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
85 years and over 1,910 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 63,470 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 53,610 ... ... 84.5 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 9,865 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 8,995 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 64,570 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 15,305 ... ... 23.7 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 8,855 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,690 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 3,630 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 190 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 805 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 125 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 15 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 49,260 ... ... 76.3 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 62,605 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 4,370 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 58,235 ... ... 93.0 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 43,730 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 55.6 ... ... 55.6 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 8.8 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 860 ... ... 860 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,031 ... ... 1,031 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 300,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 313,200 ... ... 313,200 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 19,985 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 18.0 ... ... 18.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 30.3 ... ... 30.3 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.1 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 940 ... ... 940 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 996 ... ... 996 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 165 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 226 ... ... 226 ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 272 ... ... 272 ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 1,680 825 850 1.1 1.1 1.1 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 1,650 820 830 1.1 1.1 1.1 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 1,415 700 710 0.9 1.0 0.9 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1
Métis single ancestry 170 95 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4
Inuit single ancestry 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 3,870 1,780 2,095 2.6 2.4 2.7 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 3,795 1,740 2,060 2.5 2.4 2.7 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,990 1,355 1,635 2.0 1.8 2.1 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 660 315 345 0.4 0.4 0.4 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 145 65 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 75 45 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 144,930 70,935 74,000 96.3 96.5 96.2 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 138,690 67,315 71,375 92.2 91.5 92.8 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 26,690 13,640 13,045 17.7 18.5 17.0 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 112,005 53,670 58,330 74.4 73.0 75.8 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3
Not Canadian citizens78 11,795 6,225 5,565 7.8 8.5 7.2 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 150,480 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 133,285 64,765 68,520 88.6 88.1 89.1 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8
Immigrants81 11,765 5,740 6,025 7.8 7.8 7.8 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8
Before 1980 2,170 1,000 1,170 1.4 1.4 1.5 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4
1980 to 1990 720 365 355 0.5 0.5 0.5 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6
1991 to 2000 710 300 415 0.5 0.4 0.5 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4
2001 to 2010 1,685 810 875 1.1 1.1 1.1 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5
2011 to 202182 6,475 3,260 3,210 4.3 4.4 4.2 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9
2011 to 2015 1,615 815 800 1.1 1.1 1.0 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2
2016 to 2021 4,860 2,445 2,410 3.2 3.3 3.1 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7
Non-permanent residents83 5,430 3,040 2,395 3.6 4.1 3.1 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 11,765 5,740 6,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 1,130 560 570 9.6 9.8 9.5 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4
5 to 14 years 2,420 1,285 1,130 20.6 22.4 18.8 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1
15 to 24 years 1,905 940 970 16.2 16.4 16.1 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9
25 to 44 years 4,900 2,190 2,710 41.6 38.2 45.0 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6
45 years and over 1,405 765 640 11.9 13.3 10.6 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 11,765 5,740 6,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 1,830 830 1,000 15.6 14.5 16.6 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0
Brazil 85 40 50 0.7 0.7 0.8 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6
Colombia 40 10 30 0.3 0.2 0.5 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0
El Salvador 40 20 15 0.3 0.3 0.2 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6
Guyana 15 15 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1
Haiti 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3
Jamaica 130 65 60 1.1 1.1 1.0 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9
Mexico 50 10 35 0.4 0.2 0.6 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1
Peru 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4
Trinidad and Tobago 25 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8
United States of America 1,170 505 665 9.9 8.8 11.0 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2
Other places of birth in Americas 260 150 105 2.2 2.6 1.7 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1
Europe 3,275 1,630 1,645 27.8 28.4 27.3 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 55 25 30 0.5 0.4 0.5 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatia 20 20 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4
France 110 40 70 0.9 0.7 1.2 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3
Germany 185 90 100 1.6 1.6 1.7 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5
Greece 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6
Hungary 45 20 20 0.4 0.3 0.3 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italy 75 35 35 0.6 0.6 0.6 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3
Netherlands 430 240 185 3.7 4.2 3.1 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8
Poland 100 50 45 0.8 0.9 0.7 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7
Portugal 80 45 35 0.7 0.8 0.6 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5
Romania 35 10 20 0.3 0.2 0.3 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0
Russian Federation 105 45 60 0.9 0.8 1.0 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1
Serbia86 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ukraine 75 40 35 0.6 0.7 0.6 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0
United Kingdom87 1,385 670 710 11.8 11.7 11.8 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3
Other places of birth in Europe 575 290 285 4.9 5.1 4.7 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 625 320 310 5.3 5.6 5.1 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4
Egypt 55 25 25 0.5 0.4 0.4 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ethiopia 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5
Morocco 60 30 25 0.5 0.5 0.4 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9
Nigeria 110 55 60 0.9 1.0 1.0 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9
Somalia 25 15 10 0.2 0.3 0.2 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 120 55 65 1.0 1.0 1.1 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 220 120 95 1.9 2.1 1.6 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6
Asia 5,965 2,920 3,040 50.7 50.9 50.5 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7
Iran88 185 110 80 1.6 1.9 1.3 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1
Iraq 55 35 20 0.5 0.6 0.3 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9
Lebanon 140 85 55 1.2 1.5 0.9 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0
Syria89 400 210 185 3.4 3.7 3.1 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1
Turkey 25 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4
China90 1,675 820 855 14.2 14.3 14.2 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1
Hong Kong91 125 80 45 1.1 1.4 0.7 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6
Korea, South92 40 15 30 0.3 0.3 0.5 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7
Taiwan 155 65 90 1.3 1.1 1.5 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8
Philippines 1,015 390 620 8.6 6.8 10.3 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5
Viet Nam 525 265 260 4.5 4.6 4.3 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3
Bangladesh 90 55 35 0.8 1.0 0.6 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8
India 835 475 360 7.1 8.3 6.0 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2
Pakistan 85 45 35 0.7 0.8 0.6 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6
Sri Lanka 70 35 30 0.6 0.6 0.5 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6
Other places of birth in Asia 530 225 305 4.5 3.9 5.1 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5
Oceania and other places of birth93 70 40 35 0.6 0.7 0.6 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 4,860 2,450 2,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 465 210 250 9.6 8.6 10.4 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7
Brazil 50 30 20 1.0 1.2 0.8 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5
Colombia 35 15 25 0.7 0.6 1.0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jamaica 110 45 60 2.3 1.8 2.5 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1
Mexico 30 10 15 0.6 0.4 0.6 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3
United States of America 140 45 95 2.9 1.8 3.9 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6
Other places of birth in Americas 100 60 35 2.1 2.4 1.5 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6
Europe 445 210 230 9.2 8.6 9.5 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5
France 45 25 15 0.9 1.0 0.6 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ireland96 15 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.4 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3
Italy 35 10 20 0.7 0.4 0.8 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3
Russian Federation 45 20 30 0.9 0.8 1.2 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0
Ukraine 35 20 15 0.7 0.8 0.6 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2
United Kingdom87 130 65 70 2.7 2.7 2.9 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3
Other places of birth in Europe 135 70 70 2.8 2.9 2.9 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 270 135 130 5.6 5.5 5.4 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 30 20 15 0.6 0.8 0.6 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7
Morocco 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.4 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0
Nigeria 85 40 45 1.7 1.6 1.9 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 30 10 15 0.6 0.4 0.6 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 65 40 25 1.3 1.6 1.0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9
Asia 3,660 1,880 1,780 75.3 76.7 73.9 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9
Bangladesh 50 25 20 1.0 1.0 0.8 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0
China90 1,170 595 575 24.1 24.3 23.9 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9
Hong Kong91 70 45 30 1.4 1.8 1.2 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5
India 665 390 280 13.7 15.9 11.6 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4
Iran88 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.4 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0
Iraq 40 25 15 0.8 1.0 0.6 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3
Israel 10 10 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5
Jordan 20 15 0 0.4 0.6 0.0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8
Lebanon 30 20 0 0.6 0.8 0.0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7
Nepal 20 10 10 0.4 0.4 0.4 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pakistan 15 10 0 0.3 0.4 0.0 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7
Philippines 630 255 370 13.0 10.4 15.4 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4
Saudi Arabia 25 15 10 0.5 0.6 0.4 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6
Sri Lanka 30 20 15 0.6 0.8 0.6 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7
Syria89 220 125 95 4.5 5.1 3.9 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5
Turkey 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.4 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7
United Arab Emirates 55 15 35 1.1 0.6 1.5 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6
Viet Nam 470 240 230 9.7 9.8 9.5 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3
Other places of birth in Asia 115 55 65 2.4 2.2 2.7 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5
Oceania and other93 25 10 10 0.5 0.4 0.4 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6
Australia 20 10 10 0.4 0.4 0.4 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 150,485 73,545 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 18,220 9,240 8,975 12.1 12.6 11.7 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0
Second generation101 9,775 4,825 4,950 6.5 6.6 6.4 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3
Third generation or more102 122,495 59,475 63,020 81.4 80.9 81.9 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 9,595 4,740 4,855 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 7,100 3,605 3,495 74.0 76.1 72.0 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3
Principal applicants105 2,925 1,635 1,285 30.5 34.5 26.5 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4
Secondary applicants106 4,175 1,975 2,205 43.5 41.7 45.4 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family107 1,420 585 835 14.8 12.3 17.2 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4
Refugees108 1,010 510 505 10.5 10.8 10.4 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9
Other immigrants109 60 35 30 0.6 0.7 0.6 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 9,595 4,740 4,855 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 50 20 30 0.5 0.4 0.6 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4
Work permits only before admission112 1,525 740 785 15.9 15.6 16.2 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7
Study permits only before admission113 370 170 200 3.9 3.6 4.1 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5
Work and study permits before admission114 915 505 405 9.5 10.7 8.3 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3
Other permits before admission115 25 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7
No pre-admission experience116 6,710 3,290 3,420 69.9 69.4 70.4 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 150,485 73,545 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 14,310 7,420 6,890 9.5 10.1 9.0 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8
South Asian 3,735 2,290 1,450 2.5 3.1 1.9 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8
Chinese 3,335 1,615 1,730 2.2 2.2 2.2 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9
Black 1,815 990 825 1.2 1.3 1.1 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3
Filipino 1,760 725 1,035 1.2 1.0 1.3 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9
Arab 1,125 605 520 0.7 0.8 0.7 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8
Latin American 585 285 300 0.4 0.4 0.4 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6
Southeast Asian 1,040 485 555 0.7 0.7 0.7 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1
West Asian 295 170 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0
Korean 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 190 50 140 0.1 0.1 0.2 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 125 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multiple visible minorities 170 90 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9
Not a visible minority120 136,175 66,125 70,055 90.5 89.9 91.1 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 150,485 73,540 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 22,825 11,140 11,680 15.2 15.1 15.2 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4
English 36,050 17,210 18,840 24.0 23.4 24.5 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8
Irish 41,845 19,570 22,275 27.8 26.6 29.0 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6
Scottish 51,235 24,155 27,085 34.0 32.8 35.2 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3
French, n.o.s.122 21,355 10,150 11,200 14.2 13.8 14.6 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0
German 7,175 3,390 3,785 4.8 4.6 4.9 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2
Chinese 3,050 1,450 1,600 2.0 2.0 2.1 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9
Italian 1,655 830 830 1.1 1.1 1.1 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2
Indian (India) 2,280 1,440 840 1.5 2.0 1.1 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6
Ukrainian 1,050 525 520 0.7 0.7 0.7 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5
Dutch 4,465 2,205 2,260 3.0 3.0 2.9 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7
Polish 1,055 445 610 0.7 0.6 0.8 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8
Québécois 195 110 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.123 3,170 1,575 1,600 2.1 2.1 2.1 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6
Filipino 1,600 675 925 1.1 0.9 1.2 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8
French Canadian 970 440 530 0.6 0.6 0.7 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 6,135 2,975 3,165 4.1 4.0 4.1 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 1,705 765 935 1.1 1.0 1.2 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8
Métis 915 445 470 0.6 0.6 0.6 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6
European, n.o.s.126 2,230 1,065 1,170 1.5 1.4 1.5 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5
Russian 545 235 305 0.4 0.3 0.4 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6
Norwegian 620 260 365 0.4 0.4 0.5 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3
Welsh 2,495 1,235 1,260 1.7 1.7 1.6 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3
Portuguese 425 215 205 0.3 0.3 0.3 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2
American 1,080 505 570 0.7 0.7 0.7 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 565 285 270 0.4 0.4 0.4 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0
Swedish 420 160 260 0.3 0.2 0.3 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0
Hungarian 425 210 220 0.3 0.3 0.3 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9
Acadian 8,265 3,935 4,330 5.5 5.4 5.6 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9
Pakistani 110 70 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8
African, n.o.s.127 485 230 250 0.3 0.3 0.3 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jewish 260 135 115 0.2 0.2 0.1 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8
Punjabi 420 195 225 0.3 0.3 0.3 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7
Vietnamese 730 350 380 0.5 0.5 0.5 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8
Arab, n.o.s.128 485 270 215 0.3 0.4 0.3 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7
Greek 220 115 105 0.1 0.2 0.1 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7
Jamaican 300 160 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7
Asian, n.o.s.129 415 225 190 0.3 0.3 0.2 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6
Cree, n.o.s.130 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korean 130 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Romanian 110 45 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 715 365 350 0.5 0.5 0.5 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6
Iranian 205 110 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Christian, n.i.e.131 560 270 280 0.4 0.4 0.4 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5
Danish 685 345 350 0.5 0.5 0.5 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 725 350 375 0.5 0.5 0.5 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sikh 230 145 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5
Austrian 190 80 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belgian 340 155 185 0.2 0.2 0.2 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hindu 285 200 90 0.2 0.3 0.1 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4
Mexican 255 160 95 0.2 0.2 0.1 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mennonite 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swiss 505 260 240 0.3 0.4 0.3 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 110 30 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Sri Lankan 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatian 130 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4
Japanese 250 85 165 0.2 0.1 0.2 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.133 145 80 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,560 730 835 1.0 1.0 1.1 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 355 170 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Muslim 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3
Egyptian 85 35 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 125 45 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Icelandic 135 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3
Colombian 60 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Moroccan 70 40 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Czech 110 50 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 390 190 200 0.3 0.3 0.3 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3
Guyanese 50 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Black, n.o.s.137 205 105 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3
Serbian 55 40 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ojibway 70 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3
Newfoundlander 375 200 170 0.2 0.3 0.2 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hong Konger 200 110 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ontarian 150 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 255 110 145 0.2 0.1 0.2 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bangladeshi 110 85 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Brazilian 160 65 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 185 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Armenian 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slovak 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 60 40 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2
Taiwanese 170 75 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iraqi 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Salvadorean 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 115 65 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2
Algonquin 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.143 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lithuanian 95 20 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 65 40 30 0.0 0.1 0.0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 90 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 55 40 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 250 105 145 0.2 0.1 0.2 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 110 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 60 50 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovenian 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 125 45 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 175 90 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
African American 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.148 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 30 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latvian 110 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cameroonian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 195 75 120 0.1 0.1 0.2 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ecuadorian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Franco Ontarian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Argentinian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Igbo 70 45 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1
Moldovan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 85 35 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 65 40 30 0.0 0.1 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 100 70 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 3,150 1,490 1,660 2.1 2.0 2.2 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 150,480 73,545 76,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 755 315 435 0.5 0.4 0.6 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1
Christian 101,755 47,920 53,830 67.6 65.2 70.0 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7
Christian, n.o.s.162 9,195 4,485 4,705 6.1 6.1 6.1 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8
Anabaptist 170 120 55 0.1 0.2 0.1 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4
Anglican 5,025 2,250 2,770 3.3 3.1 3.6 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4
Baptist 4,700 2,140 2,560 3.1 2.9 3.3 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 51,790 24,740 27,040 34.4 33.6 35.1 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9
Christian Orthodox 400 205 200 0.3 0.3 0.3 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8
Jehovah's Witness 485 210 275 0.3 0.3 0.4 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 175 75 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 245 105 140 0.2 0.1 0.2 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 785 360 420 0.5 0.5 0.5 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,010 485 520 0.7 0.7 0.7 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2
Presbyterian 6,520 3,095 3,425 4.3 4.2 4.5 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9
Reformed 325 145 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 14,635 6,565 8,070 9.7 8.9 10.5 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 6,300 2,945 3,350 4.2 4.0 4.4 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2
Hindu 1,245 835 410 0.8 1.1 0.5 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2
Jewish 165 80 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 1,720 985 735 1.1 1.3 1.0 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7
Sikh 1,165 685 485 0.8 0.9 0.6 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.1 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 765 295 470 0.5 0.4 0.6 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 42,830 22,390 20,445 28.5 30.4 26.6 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 149,245 72,945 76,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 130,455 63,805 66,650 87.4 87.5 87.4 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8
Movers 18,785 9,135 9,650 12.6 12.5 12.6 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2
Non-migrants 9,310 4,530 4,775 6.2 6.2 6.3 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1
Migrants 9,480 4,605 4,870 6.4 6.3 6.4 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0
Internal migrants 8,185 4,000 4,180 5.5 5.5 5.5 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2
Intraprovincial migrants 4,225 2,000 2,225 2.8 2.7 2.9 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5
Interprovincial migrants 3,960 2,005 1,955 2.7 2.7 2.6 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7
External migrants 1,300 605 690 0.9 0.8 0.9 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 143,735 70,150 73,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 84,530 41,055 43,480 58.8 58.5 59.1 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1
Movers 59,205 29,090 30,110 41.2 41.5 40.9 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9
Non-migrants 15,485 7,600 7,890 10.8 10.8 10.7 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8
Migrants 43,720 21,500 22,220 30.4 30.6 30.2 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2
Internal migrants 35,150 16,985 18,165 24.5 24.2 24.7 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4
Intraprovincial migrants 22,795 10,800 11,995 15.9 15.4 16.3 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8
Interprovincial migrants 12,355 6,180 6,170 8.6 8.8 8.4 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6
External migrants 8,565 4,510 4,055 6.0 6.4 5.5 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 22,245 13,000 9,245 17.5 21.2 14.1 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 104,655 48,455 56,205 82.5 78.9 85.9 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 77,465 37,375 40,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 7,870 5,190 2,680 10.2 13.9 6.7 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 69,595 32,185 37,410 89.8 86.1 93.3 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 126,895 61,450 65,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 20,385 11,710 8,675 16.1 19.1 13.3 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 35,980 18,305 17,675 28.4 29.8 27.0 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 70,530 31,435 39,095 55.6 51.2 59.7 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 42,635 19,625 23,015 33.6 31.9 35.2 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 8,245 6,125 2,125 6.5 10.0 3.2 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 4,255 2,815 1,435 3.4 4.6 2.2 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 3,990 3,305 690 3.1 5.4 1.1 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 31,135 12,375 18,760 24.5 20.1 28.7 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 3,260 1,125 2,130 2.6 1.8 3.3 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 27,890 11,810 16,080 22.0 19.2 24.6 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5
Bachelor's degree 18,950 7,885 11,060 14.9 12.8 16.9 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,510 630 880 1.2 1.0 1.3 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 700 335 365 0.6 0.5 0.6 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Master's degree 5,930 2,465 3,465 4.7 4.0 5.3 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9
Earned doctorate171 800 495 305 0.6 0.8 0.5 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 77,465 37,375 40,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 7,070 4,590 2,480 9.1 12.3 6.2 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 20,245 10,890 9,350 26.1 29.1 23.3 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 50,155 21,900 28,255 64.7 58.6 70.5 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 28,955 13,375 15,580 37.4 35.8 38.9 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 5,140 3,920 1,220 6.6 10.5 3.0 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,525 1,750 775 3.3 4.7 1.9 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7
Apprenticeship certificate169 2,615 2,170 445 3.4 5.8 1.1 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 21,955 8,775 13,180 28.3 23.5 32.9 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,865 680 1,180 2.4 1.8 2.9 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher 21,195 8,525 12,670 27.4 22.8 31.6 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1
Bachelor's degree 14,335 5,735 8,600 18.5 15.3 21.5 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,035 420 610 1.3 1.1 1.5 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 545 225 325 0.7 0.6 0.8 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9
Master's degree 4,685 1,795 2,890 6.0 4.8 7.2 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9
Earned doctorate171 595 350 245 0.8 0.9 0.6 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 56,370 30,015 26,350 44.4 48.8 40.3 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6
Education 5,125 1,330 3,790 4.0 2.2 5.8 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
13. Education 5,125 1,330 3,790 4.0 2.2 5.8 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,660 725 945 1.3 1.2 1.4 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 125 95 35 0.1 0.2 0.1 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 1,535 630 910 1.2 1.0 1.4 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2
Humanities 3,485 1,505 1,985 2.7 2.4 3.0 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 200 25 175 0.2 0.0 0.3 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5
23. English language and literature/letters 885 305 580 0.7 0.5 0.9 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 775 290 485 0.6 0.5 0.7 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 75 25 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 290 170 120 0.2 0.3 0.2 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 475 260 220 0.4 0.4 0.3 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 660 400 260 0.5 0.7 0.4 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 135 35 100 0.1 0.1 0.2 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 6,600 1,915 4,680 5.2 3.1 7.2 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 115 20 90 0.1 0.0 0.1 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 660 250 420 0.5 0.4 0.6 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,485 85 1,400 1.2 0.1 2.1 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 1,075 275 795 0.8 0.4 1.2 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 110 40 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 1,315 345 965 1.0 0.6 1.5 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6
45. Social sciences 1,850 910 940 1.5 1.5 1.4 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4
Business, management and public administration 17,515 5,810 11,705 13.8 9.5 17.9 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 1,610 310 1,300 1.3 0.5 2.0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 15,870 5,500 10,375 12.5 9.0 15.9 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,865 1,220 1,640 2.3 2.0 2.5 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,405 635 770 1.1 1.0 1.2 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 790 270 520 0.6 0.4 0.8 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 45 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 535 305 230 0.4 0.5 0.4 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 90 10 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,905 1,955 945 2.3 3.2 1.4 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 2,590 1,830 760 2.0 3.0 1.2 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2
25. Library science 115 10 105 0.1 0.0 0.2 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 180 110 75 0.1 0.2 0.1 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 12,630 11,710 920 10.0 19.1 1.4 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 300 190 115 0.2 0.3 0.2 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3
14. Engineering 1,710 1,455 255 1.3 2.4 0.4 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,460 2,155 310 1.9 3.5 0.5 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 3,740 3,660 85 2.9 6.0 0.1 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2,765 2,695 65 2.2 4.4 0.1 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 1,650 1,560 90 1.3 2.5 0.1 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2,285 1,290 990 1.8 2.1 1.5 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 1,705 940 765 1.3 1.5 1.2 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 580 350 230 0.5 0.6 0.4 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3
Health and related fields 11,310 1,710 9,600 8.9 2.8 14.7 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 740 390 350 0.6 0.6 0.5 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 10,360 1,215 9,145 8.2 2.0 14.0 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 165 105 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 4,145 2,255 1,890 3.3 3.7 2.9 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2,300 640 1,660 1.8 1.0 2.5 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 75 65 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 690 535 155 0.5 0.9 0.2 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,065 1,005 65 0.8 1.6 0.1 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 77,465 37,380 40,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 27,315 15,475 11,835 35.3 41.4 29.5 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Education 3,205 805 2,395 4.1 2.2 6.0 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
13. Education 3,205 805 2,395 4.1 2.2 6.0 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,190 520 665 1.5 1.4 1.7 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 110 75 35 0.1 0.2 0.1 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 1,075 445 635 1.4 1.2 1.6 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6
Humanities 2,420 955 1,465 3.1 2.6 3.7 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 140 20 120 0.2 0.1 0.3 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 675 215 460 0.9 0.6 1.1 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 545 205 335 0.7 0.5 0.8 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 50 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 195 110 85 0.3 0.3 0.2 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 290 130 155 0.4 0.3 0.4 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 430 235 195 0.6 0.6 0.5 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 105 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 5,015 1,340 3,675 6.5 3.6 9.2 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 85 20 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 515 180 335 0.7 0.5 0.8 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,085 40 1,045 1.4 0.1 2.6 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 860 175 680 1.1 0.5 1.7 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 75 10 60 0.1 0.0 0.1 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3
42. Psychology 1,030 270 765 1.3 0.7 1.9 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9
45. Social sciences 1,370 640 725 1.8 1.7 1.8 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0
Business, management and public administration 12,520 4,065 8,460 16.2 10.9 21.1 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 1,215 250 960 1.6 0.7 2.4 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 11,280 3,805 7,470 14.6 10.2 18.6 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,925 785 1,140 2.5 2.1 2.8 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 980 415 570 1.3 1.1 1.4 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 525 165 360 0.7 0.4 0.9 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 360 200 150 0.5 0.5 0.4 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,180 1,480 695 2.8 4.0 1.7 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,990 1,405 580 2.6 3.8 1.4 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6
25. Library science 75 10 65 0.1 0.0 0.2 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 115 65 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 8,795 8,035 760 11.4 21.5 1.9 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2
04. Architecture and related services 220 115 105 0.3 0.3 0.3 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4
14. Engineering 1,305 1,080 215 1.7 2.9 0.5 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,720 1,480 235 2.2 4.0 0.6 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 2,570 2,510 65 3.3 6.7 0.2 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,865 1,805 65 2.4 4.8 0.2 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1
48. Precision production 1,120 1,045 70 1.4 2.8 0.2 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,645 860 785 2.1 2.3 2.0 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 1,200 590 605 1.5 1.6 1.5 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 445 270 180 0.6 0.7 0.4 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4
Health and related fields 8,175 1,375 6,800 10.6 3.7 17.0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 550 310 235 0.7 0.8 0.6 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 7,480 1,000 6,480 9.7 2.7 16.2 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 40 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 105 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 3,085 1,675 1,410 4.0 4.5 3.5 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,725 490 1,230 2.2 1.3 3.1 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 45 45 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 565 435 130 0.7 1.2 0.3 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 750 700 50 1.0 1.9 0.1 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 77,465 37,380 40,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 27,315 15,475 11,835 35.3 41.4 29.5 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 50,155 21,900 28,255 64.7 58.6 70.5 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0
Location of study inside Canada 44,390 19,190 25,190 57.3 51.3 62.8 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9
Same as province or territory of residence 28,780 12,385 16,395 37.2 33.1 40.9 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5
Different than province or territory of residence 15,610 6,810 8,800 20.2 18.2 22.0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4
Location of study outside Canada182 5,770 2,705 3,060 7.4 7.2 7.6 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0
Americas 1,075 475 600 1.4 1.3 1.5 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5
United States of America 745 325 425 1.0 0.9 1.1 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4
Mexico 80 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cuba 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Americas 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 975 540 435 1.3 1.4 1.1 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6
Belgium 40 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4
Germany 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 90 60 30 0.1 0.2 0.1 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 30 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 405 255 155 0.5 0.7 0.4 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbia86 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 110 40 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Africa 175 95 85 0.2 0.3 0.2 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1
Nigeria 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 25 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 3,450 1,555 1,900 4.5 4.2 4.7 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6
Iran88 75 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israel 25 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syria89 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 1,005 450 550 1.3 1.2 1.4 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1
Taiwan 125 45 75 0.2 0.1 0.2 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hong Kong91 120 60 55 0.2 0.2 0.1 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 65 10 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korea, South92 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3
Philippines 710 260 450 0.9 0.7 1.1 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9
Viet Nam 265 120 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 30 20 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
India 720 400 320 0.9 1.1 0.8 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1
Pakistan 35 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other locations of study in Asia 130 30 100 0.2 0.1 0.2 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4
Oceania 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2
Australia 80 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Zealand 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 126,895 61,450 65,445 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ...
In the labour force 83,500 42,850 40,645 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ...
Employed 74,870 38,215 36,655 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ...
Unemployed 8,625 4,640 3,985 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 43,400 18,600 24,805 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ...
Participation rate 65.8 69.7 62.1 65.8 69.7 62.1 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8
Employment rate 59.0 62.2 56.0 59.0 62.2 56.0 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4
Unemployment rate 10.3 10.8 9.8 10.3 10.8 9.8 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 126,900 61,450 65,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 42,395 18,215 24,180 33.4 29.6 36.9 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4
Worked 84,500 43,235 41,270 66.6 70.4 63.1 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6
Worked full year full time187 42,150 22,300 19,850 33.2 36.3 30.3 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3
Worked part year and/or part time188 42,355 20,935 21,420 33.4 34.1 32.7 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.6 39.5 39.6 39.6 39.5 39.6 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 83,500 42,855 40,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 1,550 770 785 1.9 1.8 1.9 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All classes of workers191 81,950 42,080 39,865 98.1 98.2 98.1 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
Employee 71,500 35,120 36,380 85.6 82.0 89.5 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1
Permanent position 51,320 24,920 26,400 61.5 58.1 65.0 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9
Temporary position 20,185 10,200 9,985 24.2 23.8 24.6 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 4,005 1,745 2,265 4.8 4.1 5.6 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 16,175 8,455 7,720 19.4 19.7 19.0 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9
Self-employed192 10,445 6,960 3,485 12.5 16.2 8.6 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 83,500 42,855 40,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 1,550 770 785 1.9 1.8 1.9 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All occupations191 81,950 42,080 39,865 98.1 98.2 98.1 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 830 505 325 1.0 1.2 0.8 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 12,330 3,500 8,825 14.8 8.2 21.7 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 5,040 3,685 1,355 6.0 8.6 3.3 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2
3 Health occupations 6,815 1,020 5,790 8.2 2.4 14.2 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 10,090 2,990 7,095 12.1 7.0 17.5 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 1,855 875 985 2.2 2.0 2.4 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5
6 Sales and service occupations 19,750 8,170 11,575 23.7 19.1 28.5 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 14,165 13,110 1,060 17.0 30.6 2.6 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 6,760 5,385 1,370 8.1 12.6 3.4 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 4,330 2,840 1,490 5.2 6.6 3.7 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 83,500 42,855 40,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 1,550 770 785 1.9 1.8 1.9 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All industries191 81,950 42,080 39,865 98.1 98.2 98.1 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 7,530 5,680 1,845 9.0 13.3 4.5 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 200 190 10 0.2 0.4 0.0 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5
22 Utilities 320 250 75 0.4 0.6 0.2 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4
23 Construction 6,690 6,035 660 8.0 14.1 1.6 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2
31-33 Manufacturing 6,760 4,600 2,155 8.1 10.7 5.3 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8
41 Wholesale trade 1,395 1,045 350 1.7 2.4 0.9 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2
44-45 Retail trade 8,960 4,180 4,780 10.7 9.8 11.8 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 2,695 2,080 615 3.2 4.9 1.5 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6
51 Information and cultural industries 775 435 340 0.9 1.0 0.8 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8
52 Finance and insurance 1,845 705 1,140 2.2 1.6 2.8 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 920 540 380 1.1 1.3 0.9 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 4,280 2,320 1,960 5.1 5.4 4.8 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises 95 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 2,975 1,750 1,225 3.6 4.1 3.0 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6
61 Educational services 6,100 1,915 4,190 7.3 4.5 10.3 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6
62 Health care and social assistance 10,455 1,685 8,775 12.5 3.9 21.6 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1,705 960 740 2.0 2.2 1.8 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 5,480 2,170 3,315 6.6 5.1 8.2 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 3,655 1,740 1,915 4.4 4.1 4.7 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6
91 Public administration 9,105 3,765 5,340 10.9 8.8 13.1 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 90,300 46,115 44,185 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 85,630 44,185 41,445 94.8 95.8 93.8 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8
French 725 235 495 0.8 0.5 1.1 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8
Non-official language 355 175 175 0.4 0.4 0.4 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 355 175 175 0.4 0.4 0.4 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and French 2,475 925 1,550 2.7 2.0 3.5 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3
English and non-official language(s) 1,065 575 490 1.2 1.2 1.1 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 90,300 46,115 44,185 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 89,790 45,860 43,925 99.4 99.4 99.4 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8
Official languages 89,165 45,565 43,595 98.7 98.8 98.7 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3
English 87,960 45,185 42,775 97.4 98.0 96.8 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5
French 1,205 380 825 1.3 0.8 1.9 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7
Non-official languages 625 295 325 0.7 0.6 0.7 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 620 295 325 0.7 0.6 0.7 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 120 80 40 0.1 0.2 0.1 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 90 60 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0
German 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 405 165 240 0.4 0.4 0.5 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6
Chinese languages 395 155 240 0.4 0.3 0.5 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 355 135 220 0.4 0.3 0.5 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 510 260 260 0.6 0.6 0.6 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2
English and French 225 85 145 0.2 0.2 0.3 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 280 165 115 0.3 0.4 0.3 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 90,300 46,115 44,185 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 87,190 44,825 42,360 96.6 97.2 95.9 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5
English 720 270 455 0.8 0.6 1.0 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3
French 1,780 695 1,085 2.0 1.5 2.5 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0
Non-official language 500 280 215 0.6 0.6 0.5 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6
Indigenous39 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 475 275 200 0.5 0.6 0.5 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 74,875 38,215 36,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 11,180 5,325 5,855 14.9 13.9 16.0 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8
Worked outside Canada 170 110 60 0.2 0.3 0.2 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2
No fixed workplace address 10,805 8,300 2,515 14.4 21.7 6.9 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6
Usual place of work 52,715 24,485 28,230 70.4 64.1 77.0 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 52,720 24,485 28,235 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 21,715 9,930 11,785 41.2 40.6 41.7 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 24,575 11,155 13,425 46.6 45.6 47.5 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 4,985 2,695 2,290 9.5 11.0 8.1 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8
Commute to a different province or territory 1,440 705 730 2.7 2.9 2.6 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 63,525 32,780 30,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 58,720 30,460 28,255 92.4 92.9 91.9 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver 53,830 28,505 25,330 84.7 87.0 82.4 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 4,880 1,955 2,925 7.7 6.0 9.5 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3
Public transit 890 415 470 1.4 1.3 1.5 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6
Walked 2,670 1,245 1,425 4.2 3.8 4.6 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2
Bicycle 170 105 55 0.3 0.3 0.2 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8
Other method 1,085 545 530 1.7 1.7 1.7 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 63,525 32,780 30,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 29,520 14,480 15,045 46.5 44.2 48.9 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2
15 to 29 minutes 21,585 11,075 10,505 34.0 33.8 34.2 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3
30 to 44 minutes 7,555 4,120 3,440 11.9 12.6 11.2 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0
45 to 59 minutes 2,890 1,740 1,145 4.5 5.3 3.7 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1
60 minutes and over 1,975 1,370 605 3.1 4.2 2.0 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 63,525 32,780 30,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 3,485 2,365 1,120 5.5 7.2 3.6 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 10,915 6,490 4,420 17.2 19.8 14.4 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 21,490 11,240 10,240 33.8 34.3 33.3 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 13,300 5,400 7,900 20.9 16.5 25.7 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 5,725 2,345 3,380 9.0 7.2 11.0 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 8,605 4,930 3,675 13.5 15.0 12.0 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 29,300 14,995 14,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2,870 1,395 1,475 9.8 9.3 10.3 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 26,435 13,600 12,835 90.2 90.7 89.7 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 22,030 11,245 10,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2,230 1,055 1,175 10.1 9.4 10.9 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,435 655 780 6.5 5.8 7.2 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 790 400 395 3.6 3.6 3.7 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 19,795 10,195 9,605 89.9 90.7 89.1 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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