Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver SouthMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	109,339	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,927	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,918	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,942	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,284.1	...	...	5,284.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	20.69	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,340	52,960	56,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,595	7,060	6,535	12.4	13.3	11.6
0 to 4 years	4,270	2,170	2,095	3.9	4.1	3.7
5 to 9 years	4,575	2,430	2,145	4.2	4.6	3.8
10 to 14 years	4,755	2,460	2,295	4.3	4.6	4.1
15 to 64 years	75,015	36,785	38,225	68.6	69.5	67.8
15 to 19 years	5,770	3,095	2,670	5.3	5.8	4.7
20 to 24 years	8,650	4,410	4,235	7.9	8.3	7.5
25 to 29 years	9,495	4,985	4,510	8.7	9.4	8.0
30 to 34 years	8,225	4,225	4,010	7.5	8.0	7.1
35 to 39 years	7,245	3,545	3,705	6.6	6.7	6.6
40 to 44 years	6,875	3,235	3,640	6.3	6.1	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,815	3,100	3,710	6.2	5.9	6.6
50 to 54 years	7,175	3,310	3,865	6.6	6.3	6.9
55 to 59 years	7,680	3,620	4,055	7.0	6.8	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,085	3,260	3,830	6.5	6.2	6.8
65 years and over	20,735	9,120	11,615	19.0	17.2	20.6
65 to 69 years	6,170	2,795	3,375	5.6	5.3	6.0
70 to 74 years	5,310	2,435	2,875	4.9	4.6	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,200	1,435	1,765	2.9	2.7	3.1
80 to 84 years	2,800	1,170	1,630	2.6	2.2	2.9
85 years and over	3,260	1,285	1,975	3.0	2.4	3.5
85 to 89 years	1,940	810	1,130	1.8	1.5	2.0
90 to 94 years	980	370	605	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	280	85	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4	13.3	11.6	12.4	13.3	11.6
15 to 64 years	68.6	69.5	67.8	68.6	69.5	67.8
65 years and over	19.0	17.2	20.6	19.0	17.2	20.6
85 years and over	3.0	2.4	3.5	3.0	2.4	3.5
Average age of the population	42.5	41.0	43.9	42.5	41.0	43.9
Median age of the population	41.2	38.8	43.6	41.2	38.8	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,615	...	...	19.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	340	...	...	0.9	...	...
Row house	4,500	...	...	11.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15,025	...	...	37.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,920	...	...	24.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,380	...	...	6.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,895	...	...	24.8	...	...
2 persons	11,850	...	...	29.7	...	...
3 persons	7,040	...	...	17.6	...	...
4 persons	6,235	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,920	...	...	12.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,130	52,525	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,745	45,905	49,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,710	25,180	25,530	53.0	54.9	51.2
Married	45,440	22,570	22,870	47.5	49.2	45.9
Living common-law	5,275	2,610	2,660	5.5	5.7	5.3
Living common law - Never married	4,210	2,065	2,145	4.4	4.5	4.3
Living common law - Separated	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	850	440	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	45,035	20,725	24,310	47.0	45.1	48.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,715	17,215	15,505	34.2	37.5	31.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,225	865	1,360	2.3	1.9	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,055	1,785	3,265	5.3	3.9	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,035	860	4,175	5.3	1.9	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,815	...	...	46.8	...	...
3 persons	7,245	...	...	24.5	...	...
4 persons	6,515	...	...	22.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,970	...	...	6.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,125	...	...	81.7	...	...
Married couples	21,485	...	...	72.7	...	...
With children⁶	13,120	...	...	44.4	...	...
Without children	8,365	...	...	28.3	...	...
Common-law couples	2,635	...	...	8.9	...	...
With children⁶	760	...	...	2.6	...	...
Without children	1,880	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,425	...	...	18.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,430	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	990	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,125	52,525	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,725	42,305	43,425	79.3	80.5	78.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,245	24,080	24,160	44.6	45.8	43.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,420	995	4,430	5.0	1.9	8.0
Children⁶	32,060	17,225	14,835	29.7	32.8	26.7
In a two-parent family	24,265	12,965	11,295	22.4	24.7	20.3
In a one-parent family	7,795	4,255	3,540	7.2	8.1	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,405	10,225	12,175	20.7	19.5	21.9
Living alone	9,895	4,240	5,655	9.2	8.1	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	4,880	1,770	3,105	4.5	3.4	5.6
Living with non-relatives only	7,630	4,215	3,415	7.1	8.0	6.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,690	...	...	54.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,920	...	...	44.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,410	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	7,510	...	...	18.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,775	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,850	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	585	...	...	1.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,040	...	...	5.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,885	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	9,900	...	...	24.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,540	45,470	49,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,430	43,875	47,550	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,000	33,600	35,600	38,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,455	43,890	47,565	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,800	31,400	32,800	34,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,295	39,005	41,285	84.9	85.8	84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	34,400	25,800	29,800	34,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,885	32,445	32,440	68.6	71.4	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	30,000	33,600	38,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,170	36,375	42,795	83.7	80.0	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,200	10,200	9,300	8,200	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,055	3,855	5,200	9.6	8.5	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,900	14,530	15,370	31.6	32.0	31.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,800	10,000	10,000	9,800	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,455	45,505	48,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,185	43,755	47,430	96.5	96.2	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	51,550	42,200	46,680	51,550	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,210	43,770	47,440	96.6	96.2	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,120	43,360	37,080	40,120	43,360	37,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,920	38,800	41,120	84.6	85.3	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	48,840	36,960	42,720	48,840	36,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,850	32,485	32,370	68.7	71.4	66.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	50,480	38,720	44,600	50,480	38,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,765	36,165	42,600	83.4	79.5	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,710	9,970	11,330	10,710	9,970	11,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,230	3,950	5,285	9.8	8.7	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,315	5,745	6,740	6,315	5,745	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,770	14,490	15,280	31.5	31.8	31.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,780	9,760	9,800	9,780	9,760	9,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,455	45,505	48,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,005	15,310	12,700	29.6	33.6	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	62,000	55,600	59,200	62,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	74,900	63,850	69,900	74,900	63,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,690	12,790	14,900	29.3	28.1	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,200	18,000	20,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,280	28,920	24,000	26,280	28,920	24,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.0	75.8	80.2	84.0	75.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	72.6	62.6	68.0	72.6	62.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.8	16.0	24.1	19.8	16.0	24.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.4	7.5	9.4	8.4	7.5	9.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.8	6.3	7.5	6.8	6.3	7.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,535	45,470	49,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,110	1,590	1,520	3.3	3.5	3.1
With total income	91,425	43,880	47,550	96.7	96.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,795	4,505	5,295	10.7	10.3	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,000	5,420	6,580	13.1	12.4	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	16,625	7,370	9,255	18.2	16.8	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,710	5,680	7,030	13.9	12.9	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,995	4,630	5,365	10.9	10.6	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,730	3,655	4,075	8.5	8.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,710	2,875	2,840	6.2	6.6	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	2,255	1,945	4.6	5.1	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,165	1,770	1,390	3.5	4.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	1,370	1,100	2.7	3.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	7,035	4,355	2,680	7.7	9.9	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,970	2,940	2,025	5.4	6.7	4.3
$150,000 and over	2,060	1,410	650	2.3	3.2	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,535	45,470	49,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,080	1,575	1,505	3.3	3.5	3.1
With after-tax income	91,460	43,895	47,565	96.7	96.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,090	4,640	5,450	11.0	10.6	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	12,305	5,585	6,720	13.5	12.7	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	18,740	8,360	10,375	20.5	19.0	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	14,305	6,515	7,785	15.6	14.8	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,025	5,155	5,875	12.1	11.7	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,840	3,875	3,970	8.6	8.8	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,370	2,830	2,540	5.9	6.4	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	2,145	1,655	4.1	4.9	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600	1,455	1,140	2.8	3.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670	930	745	1.8	2.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,725	2,415	1,305	4.1	5.5	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,065	1,265	800	2.3	2.9	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,660	1,145	510	1.8	2.6	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,535	45,470	49,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,660	13,025	16,630	31.4	28.6	33.9
With employment income	64,880	32,440	32,435	68.6	71.3	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,470	3,880	4,590	13.1	12.0	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,355	2,795	3,555	9.8	8.6	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,565	3,945	4,615	13.2	12.2	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,620	3,155	3,465	10.2	9.7	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,415	3,065	3,350	9.9	9.4	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,040	2,945	3,095	9.3	9.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,315	2,630	2,685	8.2	8.1	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,085	2,185	1,895	6.3	6.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,140	1,770	1,375	4.8	5.5	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,470	1,025	3.8	4.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,125	875	3.1	3.5	2.7
$100,000 and over	5,380	3,460	1,920	8.3	10.7	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,670	1,590	1,080	4.1	4.9	3.3
$125,000 and over	2,715	1,875	840	4.2	5.8	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,540	45,470	49,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,420	42,245	46,175	93.5	92.9	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,600	32,400	36,000	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,545	42,270	46,275	93.7	93.0	94.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,400	27,600	29,800	32,400	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,250	38,385	40,865	83.8	84.4	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,800	28,400	32,000	36,800	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,115	32,775	33,335	69.9	72.1	67.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,800	34,400	38,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,600	27,430	36,170	67.3	60.3	73.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,420	1,250	4,120	2,420	1,250	4,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,420	1,765	2,655	4.7	3.9	5.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,000	6,040	5,520	5,000	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,455	45,505	48,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,265	42,145	46,115	93.4	92.6	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,160	48,240	38,480	43,160	48,240	38,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,405	42,180	46,220	93.6	92.7	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,760	40,440	33,440	36,760	40,440	33,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,805	38,140	40,660	83.4	83.8	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	48,880	37,040	42,760	48,880	37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,755	32,700	33,060	69.6	71.9	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	49,320	37,640	43,440	49,320	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,265	27,180	36,085	67.0	59.7	73.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,930	6,215	7,460	6,930	6,215	7,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,445	1,745	2,695	4.7	3.8	5.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,220	8,330	7,500	6,220	8,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,455	45,505	48,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,615	15,110	12,500	29.2	33.2	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	58,800	50,400	54,400	58,800	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,100	69,500	57,450	64,100	69,500	57,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,120	12,055	14,065	27.7	26.5	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	26,800	23,200	24,800	26,800	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	35,640	28,880	32,000	35,640	28,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	91.6	84.8	88.4	91.6	84.8
Employment income (%)	75.0	79.4	70.0	75.0	79.4	70.0
Government transfers (%)	11.5	8.3	15.2	11.5	8.3	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.9	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,920	...	...	48,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,160	...	...	42,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	745	...	...	1.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	775	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,655	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,200	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,235	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,585	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,350	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,750	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,625	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,500	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,830	...	...	42.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,495	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,540	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,225	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	840	...	...	2.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,735	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,340	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,705	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,630	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,105	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,980	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,870	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,290	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,350	...	...	35.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,740	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,395	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,210	...	...	15.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,525	8,455	9,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	33,200	33,600	34,000	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	31,800	31,400	31,600	31,800	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,400	...	...	151,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,110	8,275	8,835	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,320	42,640	42,040	42,320	42,640	42,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,040	37,040	37,080	37,040	37,040	37,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,130	52,525	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,855	8,845	8,005	15.6	16.8	14.4
0 to 5 years	5,125	2,635	2,490	4.7	5.0	4.5
18 to 64 years	71,600	34,895	36,705	66.2	66.4	66.0
65 years and over	19,670	8,780	10,895	18.2	16.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,975	5,485	6,485	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,025	1,065	960	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	620	315	300	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,895	3,205	3,685	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,060	1,215	1,845	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.4	11.7	11.1	10.4	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	12.0	12.2	12.1	12.0	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.2	10.0	9.6	9.2	10.0
65 years and over (%)	15.6	13.8	16.9	15.6	13.8	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,125	52,525	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,855	8,845	8,010	15.6	16.8	14.4
0 to 5 years	5,125	2,640	2,485	4.7	5.0	4.5
18 to 64 years	71,605	34,900	36,705	66.2	66.4	66.0
65 years and over	19,675	8,785	10,890	18.2	16.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,700	4,330	4,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,200	630	565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	350	175	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,295	3,220	3,080	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,205	485	725	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1	8.2	7.9	8.1	8.2	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	6.5	7.1	6.8	6.5	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	9.2	8.4	8.8	9.2	8.4
65 years and over (%)	6.1	5.5	6.7	6.1	5.5	6.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,130	52,525	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,440	25,160	27,275	48.5	47.9	49.1
In bottom decile	12,470	5,970	6,500	11.5	11.4	11.7
In second decile	10,470	4,975	5,495	9.7	9.5	9.9
In third decile	10,020	4,785	5,235	9.3	9.1	9.4
In fourth decile	9,685	4,755	4,935	9.0	9.1	8.9
In fifth decile	9,785	4,685	5,110	9.0	8.9	9.2
In top half of the distribution	55,690	27,365	28,325	51.5	52.1	50.9
In sixth decile	10,695	5,165	5,530	9.9	9.8	9.9
In seventh decile	10,685	5,195	5,490	9.9	9.9	9.9
In eighth decile	11,530	5,685	5,835	10.7	10.8	10.5
In ninth decile	12,055	5,950	6,100	11.1	11.3	11.0
In top decile	10,730	5,365	5,365	9.9	10.2	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,125	...	...	108,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,510	52,640	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	93,420	46,305	47,115	86.1	88.0	84.3
French only	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	4,670	2,165	2,505	4.3	4.1	4.5
Neither English nor French	10,380	4,150	6,225	9.6	7.9	11.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,510	52,640	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	97,005	47,905	49,100	89.4	91.0	87.9
French	750	390	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	485	240	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	10,265	4,105	6,155	9.5	7.8	11.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,510	52,640	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,425	48,760	51,660	92.5	92.6	92.5
Official languages	36,795	19,475	17,320	33.9	37.0	31.0
English	36,145	19,125	17,015	33.3	36.3	30.5
French	655	350	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Non-official languages	63,630	29,285	34,345	58.6	55.6	61.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	63,610	29,275	34,335	58.6	55.6	61.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	355	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	620	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	390	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,915	1,325	1,595	2.7	2.5	2.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,850	1,295	1,555	2.6	2.5	2.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,920	3,355	4,570	7.3	6.4	8.2
Bikol	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	235	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	665	295	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indonesian	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,230	2,650	3,580	5.7	5.0	6.4
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,335	780	560	1.2	1.5	1.0
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	275	160	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	735	395	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Telugu	295	215	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,195	8,865	9,330	16.8	16.8	16.7
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,250	565	685	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,240	565	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	385	160	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	690	300	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	525	230	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	505	220	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	12,420	6,150	6,275	11.4	11.7	11.2
Indo-Aryan languages	11,725	5,780	5,945	10.8	11.0	10.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	370	200	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	1,450	730	725	1.3	1.4	1.3
Kacchi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,950	4,345	4,600	8.2	8.3	8.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	700	370	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	470	250	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	365	200	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,625	1,745	1,880	3.3	3.3	3.4
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	790	390	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,360	1,135	1,225	2.2	2.2	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	815	250	570	0.8	0.5	1.0
Korean	1,175	520	660	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	29,910	13,540	16,375	27.6	25.7	29.3
Chinese languages	29,800	13,480	16,320	27.5	25.6	29.2
Hakka	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	5,995	2,580	3,415	5.5	4.9	6.1
Min Dong	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	635	270	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	22,625	10,400	12,225	20.9	19.8	21.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	135	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,085	3,885	4,205	7.5	7.4	7.5
English and French	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,945	3,365	3,580	6.4	6.4	6.4
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	730	310	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,510	52,640	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,915	20,745	19,165	36.8	39.4	34.3
French	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	23,530	10,595	12,940	21.7	20.1	23.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	23,530	10,595	12,935	21.7	20.1	23.2
English and French	660	325	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	41,060	19,465	21,595	37.8	37.0	38.7
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	615	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	2,555	1,125	1,430	2.4	2.1	2.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,510	52,640	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,830	48,050	50,780	91.1	91.3	90.9
Official languages	55,930	28,315	27,615	51.5	53.8	49.4
English	55,680	28,190	27,495	51.3	53.6	49.2
French	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	42,895	19,735	23,165	39.5	37.5	41.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	42,895	19,735	23,160	39.5	37.5	41.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	335	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,915	855	1,060	1.8	1.6	1.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,870	835	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,825	2,115	2,710	4.4	4.0	4.9
Bikol	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	400	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indonesian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,980	1,730	2,245	3.7	3.3	4.0
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	870	485	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	495	250	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Telugu	185	125	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,390	5,520	5,875	10.5	10.5	10.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	600	265	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	605	265	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,480	4,150	4,330	7.8	7.9	7.8
Indo-Aryan languages	8,050	3,940	4,110	7.4	7.5	7.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	760	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,480	3,155	3,325	6.0	6.0	6.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	270	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	430	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,105	1,010	1,090	1.9	1.9	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	490	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,430	690	735	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	410	155	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	730	340	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	22,115	9,975	12,140	20.4	18.9	21.7
Chinese languages	22,040	9,935	12,105	20.3	18.9	21.7
Hakka	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	4,580	2,065	2,520	4.2	3.9	4.5
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	340	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	16,805	7,590	9,215	15.5	14.4	16.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	160	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,680	4,590	5,090	8.9	8.7	9.1
English and French	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,205	4,375	4,825	8.5	8.3	8.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,510	52,640	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,415	35,160	36,255	65.8	66.8	64.9
English	14,295	6,825	7,475	13.2	13.0	13.4
French	605	305	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	17,100	7,980	9,115	15.8	15.2	16.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,080	7,980	9,105	15.7	15.2	16.3
English and French	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,770	1,300	1,470	2.6	2.5	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	285	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,915	875	1,040	1.8	1.7	1.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,985	52,530	55,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	97,920	48,530	49,390	90.7	92.4	89.1
English	97,885	48,520	49,365	90.6	92.4	89.0
French	4,750	2,145	2,605	4.4	4.1	4.7
Non-official languages	78,215	36,545	41,670	72.4	69.6	75.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	78,145	36,530	41,615	72.4	69.5	75.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,085	560	525	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,035	540	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arabic	630	330	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,725	1,660	2,065	3.4	3.2	3.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	3,615	1,605	2,010	3.3	3.1	3.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,905	4,635	6,275	10.1	8.8	11.3
Bikol	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	300	105	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Fijian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	360	135	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ilocano	1,285	560	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indonesian	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,200	4,310	5,895	9.4	8.2	10.6
Waray-Waray	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,055	1,135	925	1.9	2.2	1.7
Kannada	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	475	250	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	1,290	695	595	1.2	1.3	1.1
Telugu	385	225	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,010	12,325	12,685	23.2	23.5	22.9
Albanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,620	725	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,620	725	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	610	260	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	50	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,175	580	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	875	425	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	830	405	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	16,990	8,490	8,500	15.7	16.2	15.3
Indo-Aryan languages	16,155	8,085	8,065	15.0	15.4	14.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	625	330	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	500	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	5,885	2,925	2,965	5.4	5.6	5.3
Kacchi	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,270	6,150	6,120	11.4	11.7	11.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	605	330	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	900	445	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	615	310	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Dari	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	430	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,185	2,500	2,680	4.8	4.8	4.8
Catalan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	560	250	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	935	475	460	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,900	1,895	2,005	3.6	3.6	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,475	590	885	1.4	1.1	1.6
Korean	1,435	620	815	1.3	1.2	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	250	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	34,690	16,020	18,670	32.1	30.5	33.7
Chinese languages	34,610	15,975	18,635	32.1	30.4	33.6
Hakka	325	190	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mandarin	14,030	6,160	7,870	13.0	11.7	14.2
Min Dong	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,165	480	685	1.1	0.9	1.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	27,015	12,470	14,545	25.0	23.7	26.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	120	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,985	52,530	55,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,520	715	805	1.4	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,460	685	775	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	995	470	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	106,470	51,815	54,650	98.6	98.6	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,985	52,530	55,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	695	375	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,290	52,155	55,135	99.4	99.3	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,065	...	...	55.3	...	...
Renter	17,845	...	...	44.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,210	...	...	20.6	...	...
Not condominium	31,705	...	...	79.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	730	...	...	1.8	...	...
1 bedroom	6,890	...	...	17.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,410	...	...	26.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,965	...	...	22.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,920	...	...	32.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,620	...	...	44.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,875	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,140	...	...	10.4	...	...
7 rooms	3,515	...	...	8.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,770	...	...	22.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,740	...	...	94.6	...	...
More than one person per room	2,175	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,840	...	...	89.8	...	...
Not suitable	4,075	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,145	...	...	12.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,000	...	...	22.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,525	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,575	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,610	...	...	6.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,065	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,820	...	...	7.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,180	...	...	15.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,875	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,040	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,940	...	...	47.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,260	...	...	40.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,710	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,390	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,765	...	...	14.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,320	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,295	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,135	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,355	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,075	...	...	7.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,580	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,665	...	...	72.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,135	...	...	28.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,300	...	...	23.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,735	...	...	39.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,835	...	...	24.6	...	...
Not suitable only	3,115	...	...	7.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,310	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	750	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,180	...	...	60.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,410	...	...	16.9	...	...
Not in core need	31,555	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.2	...	...	48.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	23.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,840	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,510,000	...	...	1,510,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,584,000	...	...	1,584,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,462	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,990	52,525	55,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	525	235	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	515	235	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	440	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis single ancestry	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,110	530	585	1.0	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,075	500	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	780	380	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	115	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,355	51,770	54,585	98.5	98.6	98.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,985	52,525	55,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,270	42,910	45,355	81.7	81.7	81.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,270	7,975	7,290	14.1	15.2	13.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,000	34,935	38,065	67.6	66.5	68.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	19,720	9,615	10,105	18.3	18.3	18.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,985	52,525	55,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	44,010	23,060	20,950	40.8	43.9	37.8
Immigrants⁸¹	57,200	25,920	31,280	53.0	49.3	56.4
Before 1980	9,110	4,330	4,780	8.4	8.2	8.6
1980 to 1990	9,590	4,355	5,230	8.9	8.3	9.4
1991 to 2000	16,230	7,190	9,040	15.0	13.7	16.3
2001 to 2010	10,250	4,460	5,795	9.5	8.5	10.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,020	5,585	6,435	11.1	10.6	11.6
2011 to 2015	5,315	2,375	2,940	4.9	4.5	5.3
2016 to 2021	6,705	3,205	3,500	6.2	6.1	6.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,775	3,550	3,230	6.3	6.8	5.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	57,200	25,920	31,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,485	1,800	1,685	6.1	6.9	5.4
5 to 14 years	7,895	4,000	3,890	13.8	15.4	12.4
15 to 24 years	12,640	5,755	6,885	22.1	22.2	22.0
25 to 44 years	25,470	11,080	14,395	44.5	42.7	46.0
45 years and over	7,710	3,280	4,425	13.5	12.7	14.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	57,200	25,920	31,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,620	1,280	1,335	4.6	4.9	4.3
Brazil	205	90	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	295	150	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guyana	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	295	135	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	165	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	675	355	315	1.2	1.4	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	690	320	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Europe	3,565	1,705	1,860	6.2	6.6	5.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	135	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germany	255	110	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Greece	120	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	300	155	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portugal	235	125	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romania	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	165	60	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	940	435	505	1.6	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	540	250	285	0.9	1.0	0.9
Africa	950	480	475	1.7	1.9	1.5
Algeria	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	145	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Morocco	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Somalia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	445	200	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Asia	48,925	21,935	26,990	85.5	84.6	86.3
Afghanistan	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	355	175	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iraq	190	80	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	160	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Turkey	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	13,735	5,990	7,750	24.0	23.1	24.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	7,400	3,380	4,015	12.9	13.0	12.8
Korea, South⁹²	845	385	455	1.5	1.5	1.5
Taiwan	1,615	700	910	2.8	2.7	2.9
Philippines	10,060	4,275	5,785	17.6	16.5	18.5
Viet Nam	2,870	1,305	1,560	5.0	5.0	5.0
Bangladesh	360	185	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
India	7,605	3,695	3,910	13.3	14.3	12.5
Pakistan	280	165	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sri Lanka	715	360	350	1.3	1.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,585	1,090	1,495	4.5	4.2	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,140	520	620	2.0	2.0	2.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,710	3,210	3,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	625	320	305	9.3	10.0	8.7
Brazil	155	85	75	2.3	2.6	2.1
Colombia	70	40	30	1.0	1.2	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	70	25	40	1.0	0.8	1.1
United States of America	150	75	75	2.2	2.3	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	155	85	65	2.3	2.6	1.9
Europe	380	235	145	5.7	7.3	4.1
France	45	30	20	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	10	0.7	0.9	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	175	105	75	2.6	3.3	2.1
Africa	180	125	60	2.7	3.9	1.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	30	20	15	0.4	0.6	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	25	0.6	0.6	0.7
Asia	5,490	2,510	2,980	81.8	78.2	85.3
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Bangladesh	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.0
China⁹⁰	1,020	390	630	15.2	12.1	18.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	145	35	110	2.2	1.1	3.1
India	1,165	650	520	17.4	20.2	14.9
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Iraq	60	40	20	0.9	1.2	0.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	25	40	0.9	0.8	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	140	60	85	2.1	1.9	2.4
Lebanon	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nepal	30	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	50	35	20	0.7	1.1	0.6
Philippines	1,900	840	1,060	28.3	26.2	30.3
Saudi Arabia	30	25	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Sri Lanka	135	65	70	2.0	2.0	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	135	50	85	2.0	1.6	2.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Viet Nam	270	120	145	4.0	3.7	4.1
Other places of birth in Asia	165	65	105	2.5	2.0	3.0
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,985	52,530	55,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	65,170	30,085	35,085	60.4	57.3	63.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,410	15,495	13,915	27.2	29.5	25.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,405	6,950	6,460	12.4	13.2	11.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	48,090	21,590	26,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25,265	11,805	13,455	52.5	54.7	50.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,520	5,070	5,445	21.9	23.5	20.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,745	6,735	8,010	30.7	31.2	30.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	17,900	7,255	10,645	37.2	33.6	40.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,835	2,065	1,770	8.0	9.6	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,095	465	630	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	48,090	21,590	26,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,215	730	485	2.5	3.4	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,195	1,425	3,770	10.8	6.6	14.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,300	630	665	2.7	2.9	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,185	1,020	1,170	4.5	4.7	4.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	195	55	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	38,010	17,735	20,275	79.0	82.1	76.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,985	52,530	55,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	86,290	41,320	44,970	79.9	78.7	81.1
South Asian	19,260	9,835	9,425	17.8	18.7	17.0
Chinese	38,525	18,210	20,320	35.7	34.7	36.6
Black	1,350	795	565	1.3	1.5	1.0
Filipino	12,420	5,560	6,860	11.5	10.6	12.4
Arab	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	2,520	1,250	1,270	2.3	2.4	2.3
Southeast Asian	4,855	2,330	2,530	4.5	4.4	4.6
West Asian	610	320	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Korean	1,425	680	745	1.3	1.3	1.3
Japanese	1,240	430	810	1.1	0.8	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	570	235	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	3,045	1,450	1,600	2.8	2.8	2.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,700	11,205	10,485	20.1	21.3	18.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,985	52,530	55,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,145	2,250	1,890	3.8	4.3	3.4
English	5,805	3,000	2,805	5.4	5.7	5.1
Irish	4,420	2,155	2,265	4.1	4.1	4.1
Scottish	5,130	2,555	2,580	4.8	4.9	4.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,285	1,230	1,055	2.1	2.3	1.9
German	3,460	1,830	1,635	3.2	3.5	2.9
Chinese	36,350	17,220	19,130	33.7	32.8	34.5
Italian	1,520	760	760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indian (India)	10,980	5,580	5,405	10.2	10.6	9.7
Ukrainian	1,445	720	725	1.3	1.4	1.3
Dutch	1,125	620	515	1.0	1.2	0.9
Polish	1,360	655	700	1.3	1.2	1.3
Québécois	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,275	670	600	1.2	1.3	1.1
Filipino	11,990	5,340	6,645	11.1	10.2	12.0
French Canadian	435	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	765	395	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	510	285	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Métis	385	165	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	740	425	315	0.7	0.8	0.6
Russian	1,015	430	585	0.9	0.8	1.1
Norwegian	755	390	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Welsh	735	345	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	885	450	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
American	525	245	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,690	835	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
Swedish	545	280	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungarian	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	410	240	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	760	360	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	3,640	1,885	1,760	3.4	3.6	3.2
Vietnamese	4,455	2,115	2,340	4.1	4.0	4.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	235	135	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	465	260	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,485	1,225	1,260	2.3	2.3	2.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	1,560	760	805	1.4	1.4	1.5
Romanian	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	345	195	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sikh	2,225	1,135	1,085	2.1	2.2	2.0
Austrian	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belgian	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	985	535	450	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mexican	815	425	385	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mennonite	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	280	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	750	385	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Croatian	280	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	1,605	620	985	1.5	1.2	1.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	835	445	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	150	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	430	170	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Tamil	350	185	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Icelandic	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	225	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	2,350	1,135	1,210	2.2	2.2	2.2
Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	230	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	365	195	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	390	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	1,555	690	860	1.4	1.3	1.6
Iraqi	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	645	350	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	160	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	140	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	570	245	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Northern Irish	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	165	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	845	350	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Jatt	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Plains Cree	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	340	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,985	52,525	55,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	6,050	2,545	3,505	5.6	4.8	6.3
Christian	34,835	16,040	18,795	32.3	30.5	33.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,195	3,845	4,350	7.6	7.3	7.8
Anabaptist	410	170	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anglican	995	420	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baptist	1,120	495	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	18,685	8,825	9,860	17.3	16.8	17.8
Christian Orthodox	880	425	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	530	220	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	145	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	455	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	485	200	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Presbyterian	325	130	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	840	285	555	0.8	0.5	1.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,655	710	945	1.5	1.4	1.7
Hindu	4,885	2,560	2,325	4.5	4.9	4.2
Jewish	760	370	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	3,150	1,570	1,575	2.9	3.0	2.8
Sikh	10,775	5,305	5,470	10.0	10.1	9.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	775	320	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	46,715	23,785	22,930	43.3	45.3	41.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,160	52,065	55,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,460	44,785	47,670	86.3	86.0	86.5
Movers	14,700	7,275	7,430	13.7	14.0	13.5
Non-migrants	9,575	4,700	4,870	8.9	9.0	8.8
Migrants	5,130	2,575	2,555	4.8	4.9	4.6
Internal migrants	3,100	1,485	1,610	2.9	2.9	2.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,250	1,055	1,195	2.1	2.0	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	845	430	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	2,030	1,090	945	1.9	2.1	1.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,850	50,310	53,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,445	31,010	33,435	62.1	61.6	62.5
Movers	39,405	19,310	20,095	37.9	38.4	37.5
Non-migrants	19,245	9,155	10,090	18.5	18.2	18.8
Migrants	20,155	10,145	10,005	19.4	20.2	18.7
Internal migrants	10,205	4,975	5,235	9.8	9.9	9.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,935	3,885	4,045	7.6	7.7	7.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,275	1,085	1,190	2.2	2.2	2.2
External migrants	9,945	5,175	4,770	9.6	10.3	8.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,455	45,505	48,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,905	7,390	8,515	16.8	16.2	17.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,550	38,115	40,440	83.2	83.8	82.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,475	29,225	31,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,965	2,965	2,995	9.9	10.1	9.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,515	26,255	28,255	90.1	89.8	90.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,455	45,505	48,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,060	6,950	8,105	15.9	15.3	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,990	14,080	13,910	29.6	30.9	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,405	24,475	26,935	54.4	53.8	55.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,380	10,430	10,950	22.6	22.9	22.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,530	3,035	1,495	4.8	6.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,460	1,420	1,040	2.6	3.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,070	1,615	455	2.2	3.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,160	5,755	7,405	13.9	12.6	15.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,695	1,640	2,055	3.9	3.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,025	14,040	15,985	31.8	30.9	32.7
Bachelor's degree	21,035	9,720	11,315	22.3	21.4	23.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,025	925	1,095	2.1	2.0	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	260	370	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	5,565	2,700	2,865	5.9	5.9	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	780	440	340	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,475	29,220	31,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,450	2,715	2,730	9.0	9.3	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,910	7,690	7,220	24.7	26.3	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,125	18,820	21,305	66.3	64.4	68.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,500	7,585	7,915	25.6	26.0	25.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,070	2,060	1,005	5.1	7.0	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,645	950	690	2.7	3.3	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,425	1,110	315	2.4	3.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,815	4,340	5,475	16.2	14.9	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,620	1,185	1,435	4.3	4.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,620	11,230	13,390	40.7	38.4	42.8
Bachelor's degree	17,015	7,685	9,330	28.1	26.3	29.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,690	760	930	2.8	2.6	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525	200	320	0.9	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	4,770	2,245	2,525	7.9	7.7	8.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	625	345	285	1.0	1.2	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,460	45,505	48,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,045	21,030	22,015	45.6	46.2	45.0
Education	2,595	590	2,000	2.7	1.3	4.1
13. Education	2,595	590	2,000	2.7	1.3	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,575	1,125	1,455	2.7	2.5	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	205	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,295	915	1,370	2.4	2.0	2.8
Humanities	3,140	1,170	1,970	3.3	2.6	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	415	80	340	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	645	190	455	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,350	550	800	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	130	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,470	2,380	4,090	6.8	5.2	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	725	245	475	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	735	90	640	0.8	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	690	275	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,165	365	790	1.2	0.8	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,875	1,295	1,580	3.0	2.8	3.2
Business, management and public administration	12,295	5,375	6,925	13.0	11.8	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	70	270	0.4	0.2	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,935	5,295	6,635	12.6	11.6	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,850	1,360	1,485	3.0	3.0	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,190	480	710	1.3	1.1	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	840	410	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	710	440	275	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,300	2,275	1,025	3.5	5.0	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,690	1,940	755	2.8	4.3	1.5
25. Library science	120	10	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	385	265	120	0.4	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,825	6,855	970	8.3	15.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	360	225	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,190	2,655	535	3.4	5.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,610	1,380	225	1.7	3.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,060	1,020	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,155	1,130	20	1.2	2.5	0.0
48. Precision production	450	435	15	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	710	365	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	155	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	7,350	1,870	5,485	7.8	4.1	11.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	320	185	0.5	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,695	1,495	5,195	7.1	3.3	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,275	1,100	1,180	2.4	2.4	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,730	665	1,060	1.8	1.5	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	170	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	320	65	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,475	29,225	31,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,350	10,405	9,950	33.7	35.6	31.8
Education	1,860	395	1,470	3.1	1.4	4.7
13. Education	1,860	395	1,470	3.1	1.4	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,020	895	1,130	3.3	3.1	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	175	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,800	720	1,080	3.0	2.5	3.5
Humanities	2,360	890	1,470	3.9	3.0	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	330	75	255	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	470	140	330	0.8	0.5	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	990	380	610	1.6	1.3	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	110	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	250	135	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,265	1,910	3,350	8.7	6.5	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625	225	400	1.0	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	570	70	500	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	590	205	380	1.0	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	935	280	650	1.5	1.0	2.1
45. Social sciences	2,320	1,050	1,270	3.8	3.6	4.1
Business, management and public administration	9,805	4,200	5,605	16.2	14.4	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	25	210	0.4	0.1	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,545	4,170	5,375	15.8	14.3	17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,115	970	1,145	3.5	3.3	3.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	905	345	560	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	600	280	315	1.0	1.0	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	530	310	215	0.9	1.1	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,760	1,900	855	4.6	6.5	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,300	1,670	620	3.8	5.7	2.0
25. Library science	100	10	90	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	275	170	105	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,860	5,020	845	9.7	17.2	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	290	165	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,505	2,025	480	4.1	6.9	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,225	1,045	180	2.0	3.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	795	760	35	1.3	2.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	765	755	10	1.3	2.6	0.0
48. Precision production	280	270	10	0.5	0.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	565	270	295	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	375	160	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,770	1,500	4,265	9.5	5.1	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	245	125	0.6	0.8	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,275	1,220	4,055	8.7	4.2	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	860	865	2.9	2.9	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,285	505	780	2.1	1.7	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	260	50	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,475	29,225	31,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,350	10,405	9,950	33.7	35.6	31.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,120	18,820	21,305	66.3	64.4	68.2
Location of study inside Canada	25,715	12,615	13,105	42.5	43.2	41.9
Same as province or territory of residence	22,230	10,910	11,325	36.8	37.3	36.2
Different than province or territory of residence	3,480	1,705	1,780	5.8	5.8	5.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,405	6,205	8,200	23.8	21.2	26.2
Americas	1,995	965	1,025	3.3	3.3	3.3
United States of America	985	500	485	1.6	1.7	1.6
Mexico	365	185	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	285	125	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peru	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	1,505	830	675	2.5	2.8	2.2
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	65	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	335	260	1.0	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	195	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	10,450	4,175	6,265	17.3	14.3	20.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,705	660	1,050	2.8	2.3	3.4
Taiwan	350	125	225	0.6	0.4	0.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	520	190	320	0.9	0.7	1.0
Japan	350	85	260	0.6	0.3	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	260	95	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	4,075	1,505	2,570	6.7	5.1	8.2
Viet Nam	190	45	145	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bangladesh	160	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	2,145	1,085	1,060	3.5	3.7	3.4
Pakistan	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	320	135	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Oceania	270	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Australia	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,455	45,505	48,955	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,890	30,580	29,305	...	...	...
Employed	54,205	27,895	26,305	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,685	2,685	3,000	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,570	14,925	19,645	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.4	67.2	59.9	63.4	67.2	59.9
Employment rate	57.4	61.3	53.7	57.4	61.3	53.7
Unemployment rate	9.5	8.8	10.2	9.5	8.8	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,460	45,505	48,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,830	15,800	20,030	37.9	34.7	40.9
Worked	58,630	29,700	28,925	62.1	65.3	59.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,065	15,950	13,115	30.8	35.1	26.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,565	13,750	15,815	31.3	30.2	32.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	40.8	39.0	39.9	40.8	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,885	30,580	29,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,315	675	640	2.2	2.2	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,570	29,905	28,665	97.8	97.8	97.8
Employee	49,970	24,510	25,455	83.4	80.2	86.8
Permanent position	41,475	20,825	20,655	69.3	68.1	70.5
Temporary position	8,495	3,690	4,800	14.2	12.1	16.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,255	1,425	1,835	5.4	4.7	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,240	2,270	2,970	8.8	7.4	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,605	5,390	3,210	14.4	17.6	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,885	30,580	29,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,315	675	640	2.2	2.2	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,570	29,905	28,665	97.8	97.8	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	410	260	145	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,410	3,715	6,690	17.4	12.1	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,925	3,790	1,140	8.2	12.4	3.9
3 Health occupations	4,720	1,140	3,585	7.9	3.7	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,715	1,880	3,840	9.5	6.1	13.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,400	1,195	1,205	4.0	3.9	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	18,565	8,535	10,030	31.0	27.9	34.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,695	7,795	900	14.5	25.5	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	565	390	175	0.9	1.3	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,155	1,205	955	3.6	3.9	3.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,885	30,580	29,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,315	675	640	2.2	2.2	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	58,570	29,905	28,665	97.8	97.8	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	355	195	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	205	160	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
23 Construction	3,695	3,240	455	6.2	10.6	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,385	2,080	1,305	5.7	6.8	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,030	1,340	690	3.4	4.4	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,235	3,380	3,860	12.1	11.1	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,910	2,965	945	6.5	9.7	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	1,650	1,000	650	2.8	3.3	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	2,770	1,365	1,405	4.6	4.5	4.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,370	750	615	2.3	2.5	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,575	3,090	2,490	9.3	10.1	8.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,980	1,565	1,415	5.0	5.1	4.8
61 Educational services	4,050	1,430	2,615	6.8	4.7	8.9
62 Health care and social assistance	7,345	1,750	5,595	12.3	5.7	19.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,125	595	525	1.9	1.9	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	5,590	2,690	2,900	9.3	8.8	9.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,975	1,140	1,830	5.0	3.7	6.2
91 Public administration	2,120	1,070	1,050	3.5	3.5	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,960	32,440	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,160	27,155	26,005	83.1	83.7	82.5
French	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	2,860	1,470	1,385	4.5	4.5	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,850	1,470	1,380	4.5	4.5	4.4
English and French	330	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,120	3,445	3,675	11.1	10.6	11.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	330	165	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,960	32,440	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,380	31,650	30,730	97.5	97.6	97.5
Official languages	57,510	29,225	28,290	89.9	90.1	89.8
English	57,395	29,185	28,210	89.7	90.0	89.5
French	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	4,870	2,425	2,445	7.6	7.5	7.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,865	2,425	2,435	7.6	7.5	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	210	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	595	345	250	0.9	1.1	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	445	275	170	0.7	0.8	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	445	275	170	0.7	0.8	0.5
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	435	270	160	0.7	0.8	0.5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,720	1,815	1,905	5.8	5.6	6.0
Chinese languages	3,720	1,815	1,905	5.8	5.6	6.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	985	440	550	1.5	1.4	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,720	1,370	1,345	4.3	4.2	4.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	795	785	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,465	740	730	2.3	2.3	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,960	32,440	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,355	29,320	28,040	89.7	90.4	89.0
English	1,360	625	745	2.1	1.9	2.4
French	235	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	3,675	1,760	1,920	5.7	5.4	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,665	1,745	1,920	5.7	5.4	6.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	385	185	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	870	430	445	1.4	1.3	1.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,205	27,895	26,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,825	5,810	6,015	21.8	20.8	22.9
Worked outside Canada	220	125	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
No fixed workplace address	7,805	5,580	2,230	14.4	20.0	8.5
Usual place of work	34,350	16,385	17,965	63.4	58.7	68.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,350	16,380	17,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,590	8,355	11,235	57.0	51.0	62.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	14,465	7,825	6,640	42.1	47.8	37.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	215	155	65	0.6	0.9	0.4
Commute to a different province or territory	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,155	21,960	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,935	16,370	12,565	68.6	74.5	62.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,700	15,395	10,305	61.0	70.1	51.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,235	980	2,260	7.7	4.5	11.2
Public transit	10,605	4,310	6,305	25.2	19.6	31.2
Walked	1,285	490	790	3.0	2.2	3.9
Bicycle	675	460	215	1.6	2.1	1.1
Other method	650	330	320	1.5	1.5	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,155	21,960	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,875	2,840	3,035	13.9	12.9	15.0
15 to 29 minutes	17,105	9,080	8,020	40.6	41.3	39.7
30 to 44 minutes	12,410	6,790	5,620	29.4	30.9	27.8
45 to 59 minutes	3,810	1,820	1,995	9.0	8.3	9.9
60 minutes and over	2,960	1,430	1,535	7.0	6.5	7.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,155	21,960	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,990	1,325	670	4.7	6.0	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,480	3,130	2,350	13.0	14.3	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,025	4,570	4,455	21.4	20.8	22.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,000	4,350	4,650	21.3	19.8	23.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,155	4,435	4,720	21.7	20.2	23.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,505	4,150	3,355	17.8	18.9	16.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,245	9,040	8,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,045	555	490	6.1	6.1	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,195	8,490	7,710	93.9	93.9	94.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,685	6,715	5,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	865	470	400	6.8	7.0	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	630	335	290	5.0	5.0	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	130	110	1.9	1.9	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,810	6,245	5,565	93.1	93.0	93.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table