Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver KingswayMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,054	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	104,870	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,076	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,332	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7,063.2	...	...	7,063.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15.30	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,055	52,635	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,360	6,945	6,420	12.4	13.2	11.6
0 to 4 years	4,315	2,225	2,095	4.0	4.2	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,540	2,380	2,155	4.2	4.5	3.9
10 to 14 years	4,515	2,340	2,175	4.2	4.4	3.9
15 to 64 years	76,670	37,615	39,055	71.0	71.5	70.5
15 to 19 years	4,985	2,575	2,415	4.6	4.9	4.4
20 to 24 years	7,665	3,840	3,820	7.1	7.3	6.9
25 to 29 years	10,255	5,190	5,060	9.5	9.9	9.1
30 to 34 years	9,700	4,885	4,815	9.0	9.3	8.7
35 to 39 years	8,470	4,210	4,255	7.8	8.0	7.7
40 to 44 years	7,225	3,535	3,690	6.7	6.7	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,995	3,235	3,760	6.5	6.1	6.8
50 to 54 years	7,110	3,365	3,745	6.6	6.4	6.8
55 to 59 years	7,570	3,610	3,960	7.0	6.9	7.1
60 to 64 years	6,690	3,170	3,525	6.2	6.0	6.4
65 years and over	18,020	8,080	9,940	16.7	15.4	17.9
65 to 69 years	5,770	2,705	3,060	5.3	5.1	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,490	2,075	2,420	4.2	3.9	4.4
75 to 79 years	2,690	1,185	1,505	2.5	2.3	2.7
80 to 84 years	2,360	975	1,380	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	2,710	1,140	1,570	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,665	740	920	1.5	1.4	1.7
90 to 94 years	795	320	475	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	215	65	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4	13.2	11.6	12.4	13.2	11.6
15 to 64 years	71.0	71.5	70.5	71.0	71.5	70.5
65 years and over	16.7	15.4	17.9	16.7	15.4	17.9
85 years and over	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.5	2.2	2.8
Average age of the population	41.7	40.6	42.7	41.7	40.6	42.7
Median age of the population	39.6	38.4	41.2	39.6	38.4	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,095	...	...	19.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	535	...	...	1.3	...	...
Row house	830	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	17,190	...	...	41.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,005	...	...	21.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,415	...	...	13.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,840	...	...	26.2	...	...
2 persons	12,915	...	...	31.2	...	...
3 persons	7,205	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	6,135	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,235	...	...	10.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,195	52,185	55,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,690	45,695	48,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,720	24,215	24,500	51.5	53.0	50.0
Married	40,985	20,410	20,580	43.3	44.7	42.0
Living common-law	7,730	3,810	3,920	8.2	8.3	8.0
Living common law - Never married	6,585	3,210	3,370	7.0	7.0	6.9
Living common law - Separated	175	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	930	470	465	1.0	1.0	0.9
Living common law - Widowed	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	45,970	21,475	24,500	48.5	47.0	50.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,185	17,800	16,385	36.1	39.0	33.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,150	910	1,235	2.3	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,135	1,975	3,160	5.4	4.3	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,510	790	3,720	4.8	1.7	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,000	...	...	49.0	...	...
3 persons	7,035	...	...	24.6	...	...
4 persons	5,925	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,625	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,425	...	...	82.0	...	...
Married couples	19,560	...	...	68.4	...	...
With children⁶	11,805	...	...	41.3	...	...
Without children	7,755	...	...	27.1	...	...
Common-law couples	3,865	...	...	13.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,020	...	...	3.6	...	...
Without children	2,845	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,160	...	...	18.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,165	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	995	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,195	52,180	55,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	81,285	39,960	41,325	75.8	76.6	75.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,845	23,340	23,510	43.7	44.7	42.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,160	990	4,165	4.8	1.9	7.6
Children⁶	29,275	15,630	13,645	27.3	30.0	24.8
In a two-parent family	21,940	11,665	10,275	20.5	22.4	18.7
In a one-parent family	7,340	3,970	3,375	6.8	7.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,910	12,220	13,690	24.2	23.4	24.9
Living alone	10,835	5,070	5,770	10.1	9.7	10.5
Living with other relatives⁷	4,815	1,730	3,085	4.5	3.3	5.6
Living with non-relatives only	10,255	5,420	4,835	9.6	10.4	8.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,415	...	...	51.8	...	...
Couple-family households	17,955	...	...	43.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,905	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	8,055	...	...	19.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,455	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,325	...	...	5.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	525	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,350	...	...	5.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,870	...	...	9.4	...	...
One-person households	10,840	...	...	26.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,840	45,240	48,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,175	43,905	47,270	97.2	97.0	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,000	34,800	37,200	40,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,230	43,935	47,300	97.2	97.1	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,400	34,000	36,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,850	39,330	41,520	86.2	86.9	85.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,200	27,800	32,000	37,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,660	33,590	34,070	72.1	74.2	70.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	32,000	36,800	41,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,725	35,630	42,095	82.8	78.8	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,950	9,600	8,900	7,950	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,870	4,380	5,490	10.5	9.7	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,025	14,425	15,600	32.0	31.9	32.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,000	10,000	10,000	9,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,720	44,985	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,225	43,750	47,475	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,760	53,900	44,000	48,760	53,900	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,285	43,790	47,495	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	45,000	38,560	41,640	45,000	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,910	39,075	41,840	86.3	86.9	85.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	51,600	38,920	45,040	51,600	38,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,410	33,280	34,130	71.9	74.0	70.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	53,950	41,480	47,640	53,950	41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,805	35,525	42,280	83.0	79.0	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,310	9,630	10,890	10,310	9,630	10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,865	4,265	5,595	10.5	9.5	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	5,800	7,030	6,500	5,800	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,890	14,175	15,715	31.9	31.5	32.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,710	9,640	9,780	9,710	9,640	9,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,715	44,990	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,965	16,150	13,820	32.0	35.9	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	66,000	58,000	62,000	66,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,400	80,700	67,000	74,400	80,700	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,625	13,050	15,575	30.5	29.0	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	20,800	18,000	19,200	20,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,080	30,680	25,920	28,080	30,680	25,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	85.4	78.0	82.0	85.4	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.2	76.2	67.8	72.2	76.2	67.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	14.5	22.0	18.0	14.5	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.9	6.9	9.1	7.9	6.9	9.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.5	5.8	7.4	6.5	5.8	7.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,840	45,240	48,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,665	1,335	1,330	2.8	3.0	2.7
With total income	91,175	43,900	47,270	97.2	97.0	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,870	4,095	4,775	9.7	9.3	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,285	5,200	6,090	12.4	11.8	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	16,190	7,010	9,175	17.8	16.0	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,505	5,555	6,950	13.7	12.7	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,050	4,640	5,405	11.0	10.6	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,940	3,785	4,155	8.7	8.6	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,905	3,090	2,820	6.5	7.0	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,355	2,325	2,030	4.8	5.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	1,725	1,490	3.5	3.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	1,405	1,235	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,210	5,080	3,135	9.0	11.6	6.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,440	3,160	2,275	6.0	7.2	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,775	1,915	855	3.0	4.4	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,840	45,240	48,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,610	1,305	1,300	2.8	2.9	2.7
With after-tax income	91,230	43,930	47,300	97.2	97.1	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,125	4,210	4,915	10.0	9.6	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,630	5,380	6,245	12.7	12.2	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	18,435	8,060	10,375	20.2	18.3	21.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,185	6,390	7,800	15.5	14.5	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,135	5,275	5,860	12.2	12.0	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,120	4,140	3,980	8.9	9.4	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,480	2,865	2,615	6.0	6.5	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,975	2,160	1,820	4.4	4.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,820	1,455	1,365	3.1	3.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	980	765	1.9	2.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,585	3,025	1,560	5.0	6.9	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,310	1,440	870	2.5	3.3	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,270	1,585	690	2.5	3.6	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,840	45,240	48,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,185	11,650	14,530	27.9	25.8	29.9
With employment income	67,655	33,590	34,070	72.1	74.2	70.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,105	3,695	4,415	12.0	11.0	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	6,075	2,685	3,390	9.0	8.0	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,575	3,785	4,790	12.7	11.3	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,695	3,085	3,615	9.9	9.2	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,580	3,105	3,475	9.7	9.2	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,320	3,090	3,235	9.3	9.2	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,745	2,870	2,870	8.5	8.5	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,460	2,400	2,060	6.6	7.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	1,875	1,490	5.0	5.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,765	1,510	1,255	4.1	4.5	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	1,175	1,075	3.3	3.5	3.2
$100,000 and over	6,730	4,320	2,405	9.9	12.9	7.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130	1,820	1,310	4.6	5.4	3.8
$125,000 and over	3,600	2,495	1,100	5.3	7.4	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,840	45,240	48,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,230	42,310	45,925	94.0	93.5	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,200	34,400	38,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,350	42,340	46,005	94.1	93.6	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,400	28,800	31,200	34,400	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,710	38,730	40,980	84.9	85.6	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	30,600	34,400	39,200	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,160	33,635	34,530	72.6	74.3	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,600	37,200	42,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,590	26,415	35,180	65.6	58.4	72.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,920	1,160	3,100	1,920	1,160	3,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,000	2,115	2,890	5.3	4.7	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,080	6,600	5,920	5,080	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,720	44,985	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,190	42,155	46,030	94.1	93.7	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	50,680	40,480	45,360	50,680	40,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,315	42,190	46,120	94.2	93.8	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,440	42,080	35,080	38,440	42,080	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,750	38,535	41,205	85.1	85.7	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,160	51,400	39,360	45,160	51,400	39,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,895	33,330	34,565	72.4	74.1	70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	52,850	41,080	46,840	52,850	41,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,700	26,335	35,365	65.8	58.5	72.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,915	6,860	6,450	5,915	6,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,180	2,145	3,035	5.5	4.8	6.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,260	6,205	8,000	7,260	6,205	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,715	44,990	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,620	15,965	13,660	31.6	35.5	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	61,600	53,600	57,600	61,600	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700	75,000	61,350	68,700	75,000	61,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,730	12,155	14,575	28.5	27.0	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	27,400	24,800	25,800	27,400	24,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,720	36,280	31,600	33,720	36,280	31,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	92.8	87.0	90.0	92.8	87.0
Employment income (%)	79.6	82.4	76.2	79.6	82.4	76.2
Government transfers (%)	10.0	7.3	13.0	10.0	7.3	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,900	...	...	51,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	...	...	44,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...	127,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	665	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	715	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,650	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,600	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,420	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,300	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,800	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,755	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,440	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,305	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,815	...	...	43.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,780	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,690	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,625	...	...	11.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,715	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	755	...	...	1.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	755	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,760	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,750	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,630	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,535	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,255	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,250	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,970	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,690	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,400	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,080	...	...	36.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,995	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,455	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,630	...	...	16.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,095	10,495	10,600	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,800	34,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,600	32,400	33,200	33,600	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,335	10,550	10,785	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,080	45,760	42,400	44,080	45,760	42,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	39,440	37,400	38,400	39,440	37,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,200	52,180	55,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,195	8,425	7,765	15.1	16.1	14.1
0 to 5 years	5,215	2,695	2,520	4.9	5.2	4.6
18 to 64 years	73,565	35,940	37,630	68.6	68.9	68.4
65 years and over	17,440	7,815	9,625	16.3	15.0	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,620	5,100	5,515	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,475	785	690	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	460	255	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,270	3,120	3,150	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,875	1,200	1,670	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.9	9.8	10.0	9.9	9.8	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.3	8.9	9.1	9.3	8.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	9.4	8.2	8.8	9.4	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.7	8.4	8.5	8.7	8.4
65 years and over (%)	16.5	15.4	17.4	16.5	15.4	17.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,195	52,180	55,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,195	8,430	7,765	15.1	16.2	14.1
0 to 5 years	5,210	2,695	2,515	4.9	5.2	4.6
18 to 64 years	73,565	35,940	37,625	68.6	68.9	68.4
65 years and over	17,435	7,815	9,625	16.3	15.0	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,155	4,155	3,995	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	840	435	405	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	255	140	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,195	3,250	2,945	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,120	475	640	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	8.0	7.3	7.6	8.0	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	5.1	4.7	4.9	5.1	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	9.0	7.8	8.4	9.0	7.8
65 years and over (%)	6.4	6.1	6.7	6.4	6.1	6.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,195	52,180	55,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,320	24,655	26,660	47.9	47.2	48.5
In bottom decile	11,645	5,750	5,895	10.9	11.0	10.7
In second decile	10,355	4,850	5,510	9.7	9.3	10.0
In third decile	9,730	4,590	5,140	9.1	8.8	9.3
In fourth decile	9,595	4,645	4,950	9.0	8.9	9.0
In fifth decile	9,990	4,820	5,170	9.3	9.2	9.4
In top half of the distribution	55,880	27,530	28,355	52.1	52.8	51.5
In sixth decile	10,070	4,955	5,115	9.4	9.5	9.3
In seventh decile	10,530	5,135	5,400	9.8	9.8	9.8
In eighth decile	11,690	5,670	6,020	10.9	10.9	10.9
In ninth decile	11,870	5,900	5,970	11.1	11.3	10.9
In top decile	11,720	5,870	5,850	10.9	11.2	10.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,195	...	...	107,195	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.434	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,300	52,235	55,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,240	45,075	45,170	84.1	86.3	82.0
French only	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,495	2,950	3,545	6.1	5.6	6.4
Neither English nor French	10,525	4,190	6,335	9.8	8.0	11.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,300	52,235	55,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,520	47,405	48,115	89.0	90.8	87.4
French	960	490	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	10,435	4,150	6,285	9.7	7.9	11.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,300	52,235	55,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,225	48,845	51,380	93.4	93.5	93.3
Official languages	44,605	23,635	20,975	41.6	45.2	38.1
English	43,725	23,175	20,545	40.8	44.4	37.3
French	885	455	425	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	55,620	25,215	30,410	51.8	48.3	55.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,615	25,205	30,405	51.8	48.3	55.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	555	330	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	480	305	180	0.4	0.6	0.3
Amharic	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	185	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,190	2,285	2,905	4.8	4.4	5.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	5,085	2,235	2,845	4.7	4.3	5.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,365	3,435	4,935	7.8	6.6	9.0
Bikol	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	205	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	745	310	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indonesian	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,595	2,695	3,895	6.1	5.2	7.1
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	660	375	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	135	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,730	5,780	5,950	10.9	11.1	10.8
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,335	625	710	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,315	615	695	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	370	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	695	320	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	455	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,690	2,390	2,300	4.4	4.6	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	4,120	2,075	2,045	3.8	4.0	3.7
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	215	140	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,130	560	565	1.1	1.1	1.0
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,155	1,035	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	565	310	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	495	265	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dari	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	400	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,700	2,300	2,400	4.4	4.4	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	745	350	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	1,455	685	775	1.4	1.3	1.4
Romanian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,410	1,220	1,190	2.2	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	990	305	680	0.9	0.6	1.2
Korean	1,080	420	660	1.0	0.8	1.2
Mongolian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	26,405	11,960	14,445	24.6	22.9	26.2
Chinese languages	26,265	11,895	14,370	24.5	22.8	26.1
Hakka	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	4,240	1,755	2,485	4.0	3.4	4.5
Min Dong	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	390	165	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	21,140	9,760	11,380	19.7	18.7	20.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	190	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	135	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	185	60	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	165	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,075	3,390	3,680	6.6	6.5	6.7
English and French	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,950	2,870	3,080	5.5	5.5	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	615	260	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,300	52,235	55,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,030	25,000	23,035	44.8	47.9	41.8
French	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	20,575	9,045	11,535	19.2	17.3	20.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20,570	9,045	11,530	19.2	17.3	20.9
English and French	910	465	450	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	34,670	16,320	18,345	32.3	31.2	33.3
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	535	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	2,320	1,025	1,300	2.2	2.0	2.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,300	52,235	55,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,145	48,385	50,760	92.4	92.6	92.2
Official languages	62,940	32,095	30,845	58.7	61.4	56.0
English	62,580	31,910	30,670	58.3	61.1	55.7
French	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	36,210	16,295	19,915	33.7	31.2	36.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,205	16,290	19,915	33.7	31.2	36.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,600	1,595	2,005	3.4	3.1	3.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	3,545	1,570	1,980	3.3	3.0	3.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,010	2,140	2,875	4.7	4.1	5.2
Bikol	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	395	175	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,095	1,735	2,365	3.8	3.3	4.3
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	440	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,960	2,885	3,075	5.6	5.5	5.6
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	515	235	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	510	230	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,690	1,320	1,365	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,350	1,155	1,195	2.2	2.2	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	590	295	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,320	620	700	1.2	1.2	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	295	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,555	1,235	1,315	2.4	2.4	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	135	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	905	425	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,300	660	635	1.2	1.3	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	460	170	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	605	255	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	19,620	8,765	10,855	18.3	16.8	19.7
Chinese languages	19,535	8,730	10,805	18.2	16.7	19.6
Hakka	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	3,080	1,345	1,735	2.9	2.6	3.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	16,015	7,200	8,820	14.9	13.8	16.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,155	3,850	4,300	7.6	7.4	7.8
English and French	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	7,675	3,620	4,055	7.2	6.9	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,300	52,235	55,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	75,705	37,405	38,300	70.6	71.6	69.5
English	11,645	5,440	6,205	10.9	10.4	11.3
French	770	385	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	15,320	7,210	8,110	14.3	13.8	14.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,300	7,205	8,100	14.3	13.8	14.7
English and French	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,975	930	1,045	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,525	700	825	1.4	1.3	1.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,065	51,935	55,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	96,405	47,720	48,690	90.0	91.9	88.3
English	96,370	47,705	48,670	90.0	91.9	88.3
French	6,400	2,875	3,520	6.0	5.5	6.4
Non-official languages	69,280	31,665	37,610	64.7	61.0	68.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	69,245	31,650	37,595	64.7	60.9	68.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,175	665	510	1.1	1.3	0.9
Berber languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,015	600	415	0.9	1.2	0.8
Amharic	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	570	390	180	0.5	0.8	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	370	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,515	2,860	3,655	6.1	5.5	6.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	6,435	2,825	3,610	6.0	5.4	6.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	11,080	4,490	6,600	10.3	8.6	12.0
Bikol	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	260	95	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	1,190	505	685	1.1	1.0	1.2
Indonesian	360	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,310	4,110	6,200	9.6	7.9	11.2
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	875	505	375	0.8	1.0	0.7
Kannada	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	550	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Telugu	215	155	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,850	8,405	8,450	15.7	16.2	15.3
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,640	735	905	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,610	730	880	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	330	130	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	520	215	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	470	240	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	295	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	110	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,395	720	675	1.3	1.4	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,055	555	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
German	1,020	535	485	1.0	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	420	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	6,425	3,380	3,040	6.0	6.5	5.5
Indo-Aryan languages	5,750	3,020	2,730	5.4	5.8	5.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	3,015	1,620	1,395	2.8	3.1	2.5
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,955	1,500	1,455	2.8	2.9	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Urdu	345	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	690	375	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	630	335	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Dari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	560	295	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,290	3,490	3,800	6.8	6.7	6.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,125	525	605	1.1	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	1,725	815	910	1.6	1.6	1.7
Romanian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,715	2,255	2,455	4.4	4.3	4.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,680	690	990	1.6	1.3	1.8
Korean	1,330	470	860	1.2	0.9	1.6
Mongolian	40	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	31,380	14,355	17,030	29.3	27.6	30.9
Chinese languages	31,170	14,240	16,925	29.1	27.4	30.7
Hakka	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mandarin	10,870	4,535	6,335	10.2	8.7	11.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	745	325	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	26,085	12,150	13,930	24.4	23.4	25.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	320	120	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	290	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	245	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	225	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,065	51,935	55,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,855	900	955	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,735	845	895	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,080	520	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis	630	315	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	105,210	51,030	54,180	98.3	98.3	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,065	51,935	55,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	830	415	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,240	51,520	54,720	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,545	...	...	57.0	...	...
Renter	17,745	...	...	43.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,965	...	...	24.1	...	...
Not condominium	31,325	...	...	75.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	805	...	...	1.9	...	...
1 bedroom	8,765	...	...	21.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,200	...	...	27.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,420	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,105	...	...	29.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,785	...	...	47.9	...	...
5 rooms	5,705	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,070	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,330	...	...	8.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,400	...	...	20.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,460	...	...	95.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,830	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,350	...	...	90.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,940	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,375	...	...	20.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,270	...	...	17.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,345	...	...	10.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,360	...	...	17.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,000	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,000	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,180	...	...	7.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,750	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,045	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,245	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,340	...	...	46.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,290	...	...	41.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,660	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,540	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,540	...	...	18.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,420	...	...	18.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,320	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,620	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,740	...	...	13.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,680	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,435	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,815	...	...	72.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,345	...	...	27.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,765	...	...	23.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,020	...	...	38.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,035	...	...	24.3	...	...
Not suitable only	3,075	...	...	7.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,450	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	665	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	595	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,270	...	...	61.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,555	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not in core need	33,030	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.7	...	...	51.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,796	...	...	1,796	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,500,000	...	...	1,500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,456,000	...	...	1,456,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,750	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,480	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,508	...	...	1,508	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,065	51,930	55,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	685	330	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	660	325	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	560	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,470	760	710	1.4	1.5	1.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,390	740	650	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,000	520	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	390	215	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,905	50,845	54,065	98.0	97.9	98.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,065	51,930	55,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,745	43,765	45,985	83.8	84.3	83.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,000	7,860	7,140	14.0	15.1	13.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,745	35,900	38,840	69.8	69.1	70.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,320	8,170	9,150	16.2	15.7	16.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,065	51,930	55,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	48,630	25,370	23,255	45.4	48.9	42.2
Immigrants⁸¹	51,805	23,195	28,610	48.4	44.7	51.9
Before 1980	8,665	4,130	4,535	8.1	8.0	8.2
1980 to 1990	9,645	4,420	5,220	9.0	8.5	9.5
1991 to 2000	13,415	5,840	7,575	12.5	11.2	13.7
2001 to 2010	9,190	3,995	5,190	8.6	7.7	9.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,900	4,810	6,085	10.2	9.3	11.0
2011 to 2015	4,925	2,205	2,725	4.6	4.2	4.9
2016 to 2021	5,965	2,610	3,360	5.6	5.0	6.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,635	3,365	3,270	6.2	6.5	5.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	51,805	23,195	28,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,030	1,495	1,530	5.8	6.4	5.3
5 to 14 years	6,815	3,495	3,320	13.2	15.1	11.6
15 to 24 years	10,685	4,785	5,905	20.6	20.6	20.6
25 to 44 years	24,795	10,795	14,000	47.9	46.5	48.9
45 years and over	6,480	2,620	3,860	12.5	11.3	13.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	51,805	23,195	28,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,920	1,415	1,505	5.6	6.1	5.3
Brazil	270	150	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Colombia	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
El Salvador	265	120	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	490	240	250	0.9	1.0	0.9
Peru	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	105	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	880	430	450	1.7	1.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	595	295	305	1.1	1.3	1.1
Europe	4,715	2,385	2,335	9.1	10.3	8.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
France	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	200	75	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Greece	175	85	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	580	260	325	1.1	1.1	1.1
Netherlands	85	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Poland	215	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	635	295	335	1.2	1.3	1.2
Romania	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	155	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	130	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,020	580	440	2.0	2.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	835	480	360	1.6	2.1	1.3
Africa	810	455	355	1.6	2.0	1.2
Algeria	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	350	195	150	0.7	0.8	0.5
Asia	42,245	18,390	23,855	81.5	79.3	83.4
Afghanistan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	385	200	180	0.7	0.9	0.6
Iraq	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkey	105	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
China⁹⁰	14,255	5,960	8,300	27.5	25.7	29.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,900	2,440	2,465	9.5	10.5	8.6
Korea, South⁹²	735	230	500	1.4	1.0	1.7
Taiwan	870	395	475	1.7	1.7	1.7
Philippines	9,930	4,075	5,860	19.2	17.6	20.5
Viet Nam	5,085	2,275	2,805	9.8	9.8	9.8
Bangladesh	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
India	2,255	1,110	1,150	4.4	4.8	4.0
Pakistan	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	400	175	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	2,915	1,220	1,700	5.6	5.3	5.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,115	560	555	2.2	2.4	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,970	2,610	3,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	675	330	345	11.3	12.6	10.3
Brazil	200	110	90	3.4	4.2	2.7
Colombia	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	135	55	75	2.3	2.1	2.2
United States of America	180	105	75	3.0	4.0	2.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	25	0.5	0.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	105	45	65	1.8	1.7	1.9
Europe	860	450	405	14.4	17.2	12.1
France	50	15	40	0.8	0.6	1.2
Germany	45	25	25	0.8	1.0	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	175	105	65	2.9	4.0	1.9
Italy	40	25	20	0.7	1.0	0.6
Russian Federation	45	0	40	0.8	0.0	1.2
Ukraine	50	20	35	0.8	0.8	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	225	135	90	3.8	5.2	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	220	120	105	3.7	4.6	3.1
Africa	160	90	75	2.7	3.4	2.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Morocco	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	20	10	0.4	0.8	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
Asia	4,205	1,705	2,500	70.4	65.3	74.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	835	255	580	14.0	9.8	17.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	30	55	1.5	1.1	1.6
India	485	265	225	8.1	10.2	6.7
Iran⁸⁸	85	50	35	1.4	1.9	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Japan	140	30	105	2.3	1.1	3.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	185	45	140	3.1	1.7	4.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Pakistan	45	25	20	0.8	1.0	0.6
Philippines	1,390	605	790	23.3	23.2	23.5
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	75	50	30	1.3	1.9	0.9
Turkey	40	30	15	0.7	1.1	0.4
United Arab Emirates	20	15	10	0.3	0.6	0.3
Viet Nam	395	110	285	6.6	4.2	8.5
Other places of birth in Asia	290	120	170	4.9	4.6	5.1
Oceania and other⁹³	70	30	35	1.2	1.1	1.0
Australia	55	30	25	0.9	1.1	0.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,065	51,935	55,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	59,865	27,240	32,625	55.9	52.5	59.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,505	14,960	13,550	26.6	28.8	24.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,690	9,735	8,955	17.5	18.7	16.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	43,145	19,070	24,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	21,250	9,630	11,625	49.3	50.5	48.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,260	4,585	5,680	23.8	24.0	23.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,990	5,045	5,945	25.5	26.5	24.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	16,585	6,610	9,975	38.4	34.7	41.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,305	2,360	1,940	10.0	12.4	8.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,005	470	530	2.3	2.5	2.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	43,145	19,070	24,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,270	740	535	2.9	3.9	2.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,950	1,840	4,110	13.8	9.6	17.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,130	545	580	2.6	2.9	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,410	1,005	1,405	5.6	5.3	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	145	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	32,240	14,880	17,360	74.7	78.0	72.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,065	51,935	55,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	75,680	35,595	40,085	70.7	68.5	72.7
South Asian	7,810	4,180	3,635	7.3	8.0	6.6
Chinese	35,135	16,555	18,580	32.8	31.9	33.7
Black	1,405	705	700	1.3	1.4	1.3
Filipino	13,280	5,775	7,505	12.4	11.1	13.6
Arab	360	250	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
Latin American	2,885	1,455	1,425	2.7	2.8	2.6
Southeast Asian	7,490	3,420	4,070	7.0	6.6	7.4
West Asian	705	395	315	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korean	1,315	460	855	1.2	0.9	1.6
Japanese	1,585	650	945	1.5	1.3	1.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	3,225	1,530	1,695	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	31,385	16,335	15,050	29.3	31.5	27.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,065	51,935	55,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,120	2,840	2,280	4.8	5.5	4.1
English	8,680	4,355	4,320	8.1	8.4	7.8
Irish	6,860	3,420	3,440	6.4	6.6	6.2
Scottish	7,125	3,595	3,535	6.7	6.9	6.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,255	1,655	1,605	3.0	3.2	2.9
German	5,335	2,635	2,695	5.0	5.1	4.9
Chinese	34,125	16,010	18,115	31.9	30.8	32.9
Italian	2,690	1,350	1,335	2.5	2.6	2.4
Indian (India)	4,505	2,490	2,010	4.2	4.8	3.6
Ukrainian	2,115	1,065	1,045	2.0	2.1	1.9
Dutch	1,535	845	690	1.4	1.6	1.3
Polish	1,680	765	915	1.6	1.5	1.7
Québécois	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,015	1,160	855	1.9	2.2	1.6
Filipino	12,720	5,530	7,190	11.9	10.6	13.0
French Canadian	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,235	670	570	1.2	1.3	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	720	395	325	0.7	0.8	0.6
Métis	595	300	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,230	620	615	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian	1,410	685	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Norwegian	1,225	595	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Welsh	995	475	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	1,535	760	770	1.4	1.5	1.4
American	675	320	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,820	765	1,055	1.7	1.5	1.9
Swedish	765	375	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungarian	555	250	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	1,310	670	640	1.2	1.3	1.2
Punjabi	905	525	380	0.8	1.0	0.7
Vietnamese	6,970	3,190	3,780	6.5	6.1	6.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	235	150	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	680	350	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	3,005	1,380	1,630	2.8	2.7	3.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	1,460	555	905	1.4	1.1	1.6
Romanian	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	165	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	495	265	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	520	265	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	390	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	475	280	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belgian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	680	370	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mexican	1,240	695	545	1.2	1.3	1.0
Mennonite	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	300	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatian	515	280	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	2,020	860	1,165	1.9	1.7	2.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	445	190	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	350	195	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	405	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Icelandic	265	135	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Colombian	255	130	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	415	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	1,570	755	815	1.5	1.5	1.5
Ontarian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	595	310	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nigerian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwanese	815	380	430	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraqi	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	660	305	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	175	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	45	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Laotian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Irish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	255	85	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dominican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Goan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,065	51,935	55,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	6,870	2,890	3,985	6.4	5.6	7.2
Christian	33,695	15,280	18,415	31.5	29.4	33.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,690	3,535	4,155	7.2	6.8	7.5
Anabaptist	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	815	375	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baptist	715	320	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catholic	19,680	8,915	10,765	18.4	17.2	19.5
Christian Orthodox	905	430	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	385	175	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	310	130	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	550	240	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	655	295	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,500	665	835	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hindu	2,870	1,530	1,340	2.7	2.9	2.4
Jewish	1,195	570	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Muslim	1,965	1,130	835	1.8	2.2	1.5
Sikh	2,435	1,240	1,195	2.3	2.4	2.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	945	375	575	0.9	0.7	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	57,075	28,915	28,165	53.3	55.7	51.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,210	51,490	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,445	44,225	47,220	86.1	85.9	86.3
Movers	14,770	7,265	7,505	13.9	14.1	13.7
Non-migrants	10,000	4,805	5,195	9.4	9.3	9.5
Migrants	4,770	2,460	2,310	4.5	4.8	4.2
Internal migrants	2,910	1,480	1,430	2.7	2.9	2.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,105	1,075	1,030	2.0	2.1	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	805	400	400	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	1,860	975	880	1.8	1.9	1.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,640	49,560	53,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,430	30,960	33,465	62.8	62.5	63.0
Movers	38,215	18,595	19,615	37.2	37.5	37.0
Non-migrants	18,540	9,005	9,535	18.1	18.2	18.0
Migrants	19,680	9,590	10,090	19.2	19.4	19.0
Internal migrants	10,510	4,975	5,530	10.2	10.0	10.4
Intraprovincial migrants	7,425	3,545	3,880	7.2	7.2	7.3
Interprovincial migrants	3,080	1,430	1,655	3.0	2.9	3.1
External migrants	9,170	4,610	4,550	8.9	9.3	8.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,720	44,990	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,345	7,715	8,630	17.4	17.1	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,375	37,275	40,100	82.6	82.9	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,555	30,730	32,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,475	3,335	3,135	10.2	10.9	9.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,085	27,395	29,690	89.8	89.1	90.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,720	44,985	48,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,355	7,155	8,195	16.4	15.9	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,515	13,610	12,905	28.3	30.3	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,855	24,220	27,630	55.3	53.8	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,100	10,590	10,515	22.5	23.5	21.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,675	3,130	1,550	5.0	7.0	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,425	1,395	1,035	2.6	3.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,250	1,735	515	2.4	3.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,155	6,110	7,050	14.0	13.6	14.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,265	1,350	1,915	3.5	3.0	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,750	13,640	17,115	32.8	30.3	35.1
Bachelor's degree	20,975	9,125	11,850	22.4	20.3	24.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,890	840	1,045	2.0	1.9	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	685	305	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	6,220	2,845	3,380	6.6	6.3	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	980	520	465	1.0	1.2	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,555	30,730	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,890	3,025	2,870	9.3	9.8	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,280	8,075	7,205	24.0	26.3	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,385	19,635	22,750	66.7	63.9	69.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,980	8,005	7,975	25.1	26.0	24.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,275	2,215	1,060	5.2	7.2	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,640	945	695	2.6	3.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,640	1,275	365	2.6	4.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,210	4,760	5,455	16.1	15.5	16.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,495	1,035	1,460	3.9	3.4	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,405	11,630	14,775	41.5	37.8	45.0
Bachelor's degree	17,780	7,765	10,020	28.0	25.3	30.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,610	690	915	2.5	2.2	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	555	230	320	0.9	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	5,600	2,500	3,100	8.8	8.1	9.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	440	420	1.4	1.4	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,720	44,985	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,870	20,765	21,105	44.7	46.2	43.3
Education	2,620	575	2,045	2.8	1.3	4.2
13. Education	2,620	575	2,045	2.8	1.3	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,965	1,740	2,220	4.2	3.9	4.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	575	380	195	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	3,390	1,360	2,025	3.6	3.0	4.2
Humanities	2,960	1,140	1,820	3.2	2.5	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	105	265	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	885	270	615	0.9	0.6	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	340	575	1.0	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	375	200	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,650	2,490	4,160	7.1	5.5	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	930	365	570	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	605	75	530	0.6	0.2	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	930	355	570	1.0	0.8	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,250	275	975	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,645	1,310	1,335	2.8	2.9	2.7
Business, management and public administration	11,110	4,515	6,595	11.9	10.0	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	105	340	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,645	4,395	6,255	11.4	9.8	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,555	1,265	1,290	2.7	2.8	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,145	475	675	1.2	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	575	250	320	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	710	485	220	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,230	2,280	955	3.4	5.1	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,725	2,050	675	2.9	4.6	1.4
25. Library science	175	20	155	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	175	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,265	7,015	1,245	8.8	15.6	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	665	375	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	3,205	2,520	685	3.4	5.6	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,435	1,270	170	1.5	2.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,365	1,315	50	1.5	2.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,210	1,185	25	1.3	2.6	0.1
48. Precision production	380	350	25	0.4	0.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	795	325	470	0.8	0.7	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	190	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	135	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	7,435	1,825	5,610	7.9	4.1	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,720	1,480	5,240	7.2	3.3	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,265	1,055	1,210	2.4	2.3	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,760	680	1,085	1.9	1.5	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	265	70	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,560	30,725	32,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,170	11,095	10,075	33.3	36.1	30.7
Education	2,005	455	1,545	3.2	1.5	4.7
13. Education	2,005	455	1,545	3.2	1.5	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,295	1,505	1,790	5.2	4.9	5.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	470	335	140	0.7	1.1	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	2,825	1,175	1,655	4.4	3.8	5.0
Humanities	2,415	930	1,485	3.8	3.0	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	85	200	0.4	0.3	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	740	215	525	1.2	0.7	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	260	460	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	320	180	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,710	2,115	3,595	9.0	6.9	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	800	295	505	1.3	1.0	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	480	50	435	0.8	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	870	315	550	1.4	1.0	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	1,060	230	830	1.7	0.7	2.5
45. Social sciences	2,260	1,120	1,140	3.6	3.6	3.5
Business, management and public administration	9,405	3,775	5,630	14.8	12.3	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	95	315	0.6	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,985	3,670	5,315	14.1	11.9	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,080	1,040	1,030	3.3	3.4	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955	410	545	1.5	1.3	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455	205	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	570	380	195	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,695	1,930	765	4.2	6.3	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,320	1,755	565	3.7	5.7	1.7
25. Library science	120	10	110	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	140	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,410	5,315	1,095	10.1	17.3	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	590	335	260	0.9	1.1	0.8
14. Engineering	2,650	2,045	605	4.2	6.7	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,040	880	160	1.6	2.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,020	995	30	1.6	3.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	855	840	15	1.3	2.7	0.0
48. Precision production	240	215	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	630	230	400	1.0	0.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	135	235	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	95	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Health and related fields	6,025	1,525	4,500	9.5	5.0	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	190	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,465	1,270	4,200	8.6	4.1	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,710	800	905	2.7	2.6	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,340	520	815	2.1	1.7	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	195	45	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,560	30,725	32,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,170	11,095	10,075	33.3	36.1	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,385	19,635	22,750	66.7	63.9	69.3
Location of study inside Canada	28,595	13,745	14,850	45.0	44.7	45.2
Same as province or territory of residence	23,790	11,405	12,390	37.4	37.1	37.7
Different than province or territory of residence	4,805	2,345	2,460	7.6	7.6	7.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	13,790	5,890	7,905	21.7	19.2	24.1
Americas	2,420	1,225	1,190	3.8	4.0	3.6
United States of America	1,160	595	555	1.8	1.9	1.7
Mexico	475	245	235	0.7	0.8	0.7
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	450	240	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
Colombia	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peru	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	165	60	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Europe	2,260	1,155	1,105	3.6	3.8	3.4
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	335	205	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	955	480	475	1.5	1.6	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	275	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	155	105	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	8,510	3,175	5,330	13.4	10.3	16.2
Iran⁸⁸	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	75	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,330	505	825	2.1	1.6	2.5
Taiwan	245	80	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	290	140	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japan	385	90	300	0.6	0.3	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	365	85	275	0.6	0.3	0.8
Philippines	3,965	1,365	2,600	6.2	4.4	7.9
Viet Nam	310	85	230	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bangladesh	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	770	405	365	1.2	1.3	1.1
Pakistan	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	400	175	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
Oceania	445	220	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Australia	305	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
New Zealand	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,720	44,985	48,735	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,465	31,360	31,105	...	...	...
Employed	56,540	28,490	28,050	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,920	2,865	3,055	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,255	13,625	17,625	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.7	69.7	63.8	66.7	69.7	63.8
Employment rate	60.3	63.3	57.6	60.3	63.3	57.6
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.1	9.8	9.5	9.1	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,720	44,985	48,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,580	14,420	18,160	34.8	32.1	37.3
Worked	61,140	30,565	30,570	65.2	67.9	62.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,900	16,670	14,230	33.0	37.1	29.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,240	13,895	16,345	32.3	30.9	33.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.2	39.5	40.3	41.2	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,465	31,360	31,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	610	2.0	2.1	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,185	30,695	30,495	98.0	97.9	98.0
Employee	53,020	25,845	27,180	84.9	82.4	87.4
Permanent position	43,825	21,600	22,225	70.2	68.9	71.5
Temporary position	9,195	4,240	4,955	14.7	13.5	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,565	1,615	1,955	5.7	5.1	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,630	2,630	3,000	9.0	8.4	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,170	4,855	3,315	13.1	15.5	10.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,465	31,360	31,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	610	2.0	2.1	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,185	30,695	30,495	98.0	97.9	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	300	155	0.7	1.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,100	3,505	6,590	16.2	11.2	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,915	4,370	1,545	9.5	13.9	5.0
3 Health occupations	4,915	1,205	3,710	7.9	3.8	11.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,745	2,175	4,575	10.8	6.9	14.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,590	1,810	1,785	5.7	5.8	5.7
6 Sales and service occupations	18,430	8,385	10,045	29.5	26.7	32.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,005	7,190	820	12.8	22.9	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	670	480	190	1.1	1.5	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,355	1,265	1,090	3.8	4.0	3.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,465	31,360	31,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	610	2.0	2.1	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	61,185	30,695	30,495	98.0	97.9	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	195	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	325	205	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	3,770	3,245	525	6.0	10.3	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,920	2,305	1,620	6.3	7.4	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,865	1,220	640	3.0	3.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,845	3,410	3,435	11.0	10.9	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,625	1,945	680	4.2	6.2	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	2,680	1,570	1,110	4.3	5.0	3.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,275	965	1,310	3.6	3.1	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,420	795	625	2.3	2.5	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,505	3,680	2,825	10.4	11.7	9.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,725	1,545	1,180	4.4	4.9	3.8
61 Educational services	4,655	1,805	2,850	7.5	5.8	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,755	1,755	6,000	12.4	5.6	19.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,375	685	685	2.2	2.2	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	6,400	2,890	3,515	10.2	9.2	11.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,235	1,255	1,980	5.2	4.0	6.4
91 Public administration	2,220	1,080	1,140	3.6	3.4	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,610	33,300	33,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,845	28,880	27,970	85.3	86.7	84.0
French	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	3,280	1,560	1,720	4.9	4.7	5.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,275	1,560	1,720	4.9	4.7	5.2
English and French	565	210	350	0.8	0.6	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,520	2,455	3,065	8.3	7.4	9.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	295	165	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,610	33,300	33,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,270	32,690	32,580	98.0	98.2	97.8
Official languages	60,400	30,375	30,025	90.7	91.2	90.2
English	60,255	30,320	29,930	90.5	91.1	89.9
French	145	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	4,875	2,315	2,555	7.3	7.0	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,870	2,315	2,550	7.3	7.0	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	115	230	0.5	0.3	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	345	115	230	0.5	0.3	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	285	170	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	105	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,900	1,870	2,040	5.9	5.6	6.1
Chinese languages	3,900	1,870	2,040	5.9	5.6	6.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	735	335	405	1.1	1.0	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,125	1,510	1,620	4.7	4.5	4.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,340	615	725	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,235	560	675	1.9	1.7	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,610	33,300	33,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,210	30,955	30,255	91.9	93.0	90.8
English	1,125	550	570	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	420	155	270	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	2,995	1,285	1,710	4.5	3.9	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,990	1,285	1,705	4.5	3.9	5.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	315	105	210	0.5	0.3	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	500	235	270	0.8	0.7	0.8
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,545	28,495	28,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,295	6,965	7,330	25.3	24.4	26.1
Worked outside Canada	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	7,170	4,995	2,175	12.7	17.5	7.8
Usual place of work	34,930	16,455	18,475	61.8	57.7	65.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,930	16,450	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,440	9,025	12,415	61.4	54.9	67.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,205	7,250	5,960	37.8	44.1	32.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	200	125	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
Commute to a different province or territory	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,100	21,445	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	25,625	14,535	11,095	60.9	67.8	53.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,845	13,715	9,130	54.3	64.0	44.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,790	820	1,970	6.6	3.8	9.5
Public transit	12,480	5,090	7,390	29.6	23.7	35.8
Walked	1,825	660	1,160	4.3	3.1	5.6
Bicycle	1,495	805	690	3.6	3.8	3.3
Other method	675	360	320	1.6	1.7	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,100	21,445	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,045	2,765	3,275	14.4	12.9	15.9
15 to 29 minutes	17,040	8,850	8,200	40.5	41.3	39.7
30 to 44 minutes	13,085	7,035	6,055	31.1	32.8	29.3
45 to 59 minutes	3,430	1,465	1,960	8.1	6.8	9.5
60 minutes and over	2,500	1,335	1,170	5.9	6.2	5.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,100	21,445	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,940	1,270	670	4.6	5.9	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,935	3,525	2,405	14.1	16.4	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,710	4,380	4,335	20.7	20.4	21.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,570	4,250	5,320	22.7	19.8	25.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,025	4,250	4,775	21.4	19.8	23.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,920	3,770	3,145	16.4	17.6	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,545	8,615	7,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,165	600	570	7.0	7.0	7.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,380	8,010	7,370	93.0	93.0	92.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,905	6,215	5,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	900	465	435	7.6	7.5	7.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	280	295	4.8	4.5	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	330	190	140	2.8	3.1	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,000	5,745	5,255	92.4	92.4	92.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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