Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Island--Powell RiverMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,825	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	105,466	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	54,868	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,392	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	53,540.47	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,825	55,315	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,490	8,020	7,470	13.9	14.5	13.2
0 to 4 years	4,250	2,180	2,065	3.8	3.9	3.7
5 to 9 years	5,445	2,840	2,610	4.9	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	5,795	2,995	2,800	5.2	5.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	65,310	32,050	33,265	58.4	57.9	58.9
15 to 19 years	5,330	2,780	2,550	4.8	5.0	4.5
20 to 24 years	4,270	2,280	1,990	3.8	4.1	3.5
25 to 29 years	4,855	2,435	2,425	4.3	4.4	4.3
30 to 34 years	5,715	2,810	2,905	5.1	5.1	5.1
35 to 39 years	6,355	3,130	3,230	5.7	5.7	5.7
40 to 44 years	6,370	3,090	3,280	5.7	5.6	5.8
45 to 49 years	6,135	2,995	3,140	5.5	5.4	5.6
50 to 54 years	6,815	3,305	3,515	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	9,005	4,235	4,770	8.1	7.7	8.4
60 to 64 years	10,460	5,000	5,455	9.4	9.0	9.7
65 years and over	31,020	15,250	15,770	27.7	27.6	27.9
65 to 69 years	10,310	5,030	5,280	9.2	9.1	9.3
70 to 74 years	8,715	4,480	4,230	7.8	8.1	7.5
75 to 79 years	5,660	2,845	2,810	5.1	5.1	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,300	1,610	1,685	3.0	2.9	3.0
85 years and over	3,040	1,280	1,760	2.7	2.3	3.1
85 to 89 years	1,885	850	1,035	1.7	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	880	350	530	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	235	65	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.5	13.2	13.9	14.5	13.2
15 to 64 years	58.4	57.9	58.9	58.4	57.9	58.9
65 years and over	27.7	27.6	27.9	27.7	27.6	27.9
85 years and over	2.7	2.3	3.1	2.7	2.3	3.1
Average age of the population	47.1	46.5	47.8	47.1	46.5	47.8
Median age of the population	50.8	50.0	51.6	50.8	50.0	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	35,195	...	...	71.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,120	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	2,450	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,475	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,340	...	...	10.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,670	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,935	...	...	30.2	...	...
2 persons	20,490	...	...	41.5	...	...
3 persons	6,220	...	...	12.6	...	...
4 persons	4,980	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,765	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,830	54,385	55,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,330	47,300	49,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,490	29,190	29,300	60.7	61.7	59.8
Married	45,595	22,760	22,830	47.3	48.1	46.6
Living common-law	12,900	6,425	6,475	13.4	13.6	13.2
Living common law - Never married	8,350	4,205	4,140	8.7	8.9	8.4
Living common law - Separated	690	350	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	3,355	1,675	1,680	3.5	3.5	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	505	195	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	37,835	18,110	19,730	39.3	38.3	40.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,420	12,080	9,335	22.2	25.5	19.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,750	1,285	1,465	2.9	2.7	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,610	3,240	4,375	7.9	6.8	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,060	1,505	4,555	6.3	3.2	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,215	...	...	63.7	...	...
3 persons	5,780	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	4,520	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,805	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,555	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	22,105	...	...	66.3	...	...
With children⁶	8,020	...	...	24.1	...	...
Without children	14,085	...	...	42.3	...	...
Common-law couples	6,445	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,320	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	4,125	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,770	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,520	...	...	10.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,250	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,830	54,385	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,490	43,605	43,890	79.7	80.2	79.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,100	28,480	28,620	52.0	52.4	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,770	1,255	3,515	4.3	2.3	6.3
Children⁶	25,615	13,870	11,750	23.3	25.5	21.2
In a two-parent family	18,445	9,890	8,555	16.8	18.2	15.4
In a one-parent family	7,170	3,975	3,195	6.5	7.3	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,345	10,785	11,560	20.3	19.8	20.8
Living alone	14,935	7,000	7,935	13.6	12.9	14.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,425	1,100	1,330	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	4,980	2,690	2,295	4.5	4.9	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,400	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	25,860	...	...	52.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,205	...	...	18.6	...	...
Without children	16,645	...	...	33.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,545	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,040	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,790	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,935	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	14,935	...	...	30.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,375	46,385	47,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,995	45,195	46,800	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,085	45,250	46,835	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,600	36,000	41,200	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,520	40,750	40,770	86.4	87.9	85.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	37,600	24,400	30,400	37,600	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,430	29,700	28,735	61.9	64.0	59.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,400	27,000	32,400	40,400	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,310	37,595	41,715	84.0	81.0	86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	13,400	12,800	13,000	13,400	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,250	4,740	4,510	9.8	10.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,640	5,480	5,480	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,450	10,105	11,340	22.7	21.8	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,795	45,190	46,600	97.3	97.5	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,760	56,600	41,160	48,760	56,600	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,955	45,285	46,670	97.5	97.7	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,160	48,040	36,400	42,160	48,040	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,500	40,890	40,610	86.4	88.2	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	50,960	34,000	42,520	50,960	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,405	29,785	28,620	61.9	64.2	59.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,400	51,750	34,760	43,400	51,750	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,840	37,470	41,370	83.6	80.8	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,840	12,680	12,960	12,840	12,680	12,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,210	4,725	4,485	9.8	10.2	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,620	6,890	6,750	6,620	6,890
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,860	10,070	10,785	22.1	21.7	22.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,530	9,210	8,880	8,530	9,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,780	12,540	10,240	24.2	27.0	21.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	67,500	52,000	59,200	67,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,200	75,300	57,200	67,200	75,300	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,580	12,715	13,865	28.2	27.4	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,800	17,200	20,200	24,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	39,440	24,820	31,800	39,440	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	81.4	72.0	77.4	81.4	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.6	60.2	51.9	56.6	60.2	51.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	18.6	28.0	22.6	18.6	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.3	6.9	5.4	4.3	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.2	4.1	3.4	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,380	46,385	47,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,380	1,190	1,190	2.5	2.6	2.5
With total income	91,995	45,195	46,800	97.5	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,410	2,975	4,435	8.1	6.6	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,615	4,520	7,095	12.6	10.0	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,280	6,390	8,885	16.6	14.1	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,135	5,900	7,235	14.3	13.1	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,000	5,140	5,855	12.0	11.4	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,530	4,295	4,240	9.3	9.5	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,295	3,550	2,750	6.8	7.9	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	2,935	1,935	5.3	6.5	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,485	2,190	1,295	3.8	4.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,725	1,735	990	3.0	3.8	2.1
$100,000 and over	7,640	5,550	2,090	8.3	12.3	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	5,440	3,860	1,580	5.9	8.5	3.4
$150,000 and over	2,200	1,695	505	2.4	3.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,380	46,385	47,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,295	1,135	1,155	2.4	2.4	2.4
With after-tax income	92,085	45,245	46,835	97.6	97.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,895	3,155	4,745	8.6	7.0	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,005	4,660	7,350	13.0	10.3	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,135	7,220	9,920	18.6	16.0	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	14,825	6,780	8,045	16.1	15.0	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,220	5,965	6,260	13.3	13.2	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,690	4,750	3,935	9.4	10.5	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,265	3,830	2,435	6.8	8.5	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,215	2,675	1,545	4.6	5.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025	1,970	1,055	3.3	4.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,810	1,260	550	2.0	2.8	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,990	2,990	1,005	4.3	6.6	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,215	1,630	580	2.4	3.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,780	1,360	425	1.9	3.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,380	46,385	47,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,945	16,690	19,255	38.1	36.0	40.1
With employment income	58,430	29,695	28,735	61.9	64.0	59.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,795	4,615	5,185	16.8	15.5	18.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,850	2,070	2,780	8.3	7.0	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,080	3,075	4,010	12.1	10.4	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,120	2,670	3,450	10.5	9.0	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,455	2,300	3,155	9.3	7.7	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,905	2,185	2,715	8.4	7.4	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,400	2,200	2,200	7.5	7.4	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,495	2,060	1,430	6.0	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,930	1,855	1,070	5.0	6.2	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,465	820	3.9	4.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	1,275	665	3.3	4.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,175	3,930	1,250	8.9	13.2	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,665	1,905	755	4.6	6.4	2.6
$125,000 and over	2,510	2,025	490	4.3	6.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,375	46,385	47,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,200	44,265	45,930	95.6	95.4	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	30,600	36,800	44,800	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,455	44,300	46,150	95.8	95.5	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	28,000	33,200	40,000	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,350	40,540	40,805	86.2	87.4	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	39,600	25,400	31,400	39,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,500	32,475	31,020	67.3	70.0	64.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	37,600	25,600	30,200	37,600	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,760	30,290	36,470	70.7	65.3	76.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	12,200	9,700	10,600	12,200	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,130	4,310	3,810	8.6	9.3	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,520	5,120	5,320	5,520	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,915	44,180	45,735	95.3	95.3	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	55,950	38,880	47,280	55,950	38,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,175	44,230	45,950	95.6	95.4	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	46,880	33,760	40,200	46,880	33,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,285	40,510	40,775	86.2	87.4	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560	52,750	34,440	43,560	52,750	34,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,425	32,395	31,030	67.2	69.9	64.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,320	49,120	33,200	41,320	49,120	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,240	30,050	36,190	70.2	64.8	75.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,720	11,160	10,360	10,720	11,160	10,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,025	4,160	3,860	8.5	9.0	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,810	6,800	6,810	6,810	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,695	12,515	10,175	24.1	27.0	21.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	64,000	48,400	55,600	64,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,350	71,800	53,000	63,350	71,800	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,450	12,110	13,335	27.0	26.1	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	32,400	21,200	25,200	32,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,560	45,400	28,520	36,560	45,400	28,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	86.4	79.0	83.2	86.4	79.0
Employment income (%)	61.7	64.4	57.9	61.7	64.4	57.9
Government transfers (%)	16.7	13.6	21.1	16.7	13.6	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,240	...	...	46,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,480	...	...	40,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,135	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,445	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,775	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,895	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,220	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,165	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,190	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,860	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,525	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,685	...	...	33.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,625	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,920	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,180	...	...	8.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,960	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,170	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,555	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,030	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,155	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,545	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,425	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,435	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,745	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,425	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,580	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,135	...	...	26.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,510	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,350	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,275	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,915	9,690	10,230	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,000	34,800	36,000	38,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,200	32,800	33,600	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,880	9,640	10,235	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,240	48,080	40,600	44,240	48,080	40,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880	41,600	36,360	38,880	41,600	36,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,830	54,385	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,755	9,720	9,035	17.1	17.9	16.3
0 to 5 years	5,300	2,735	2,565	4.8	5.0	4.6
18 to 64 years	61,325	29,885	31,435	55.8	55.0	56.7
65 years and over	29,750	14,775	14,975	27.1	27.2	27.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,750	6,005	6,740	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,475	1,295	1,180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	725	385	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,295	3,040	3,255	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,980	1,670	2,310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	11.0	12.2	11.6	11.0	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	13.3	13.0	13.2	13.3	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.7	14.2	13.3	13.7	14.2	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.2	10.4	10.3	10.2	10.4
65 years and over (%)	13.4	11.3	15.4	13.4	11.3	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,460	52,175	53,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,705	9,170	8,530	16.8	17.6	16.0
0 to 5 years	4,985	2,565	2,415	4.7	4.9	4.5
18 to 64 years	58,690	28,565	30,120	55.7	54.7	56.5
65 years and over	29,075	14,440	14,635	27.6	27.7	27.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,330	1,695	1,635	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	675	345	325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	80	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,260	1,175	1,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	175	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	3.1	2.2	2.7	3.1	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,830	54,385	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,050	28,535	30,515	53.8	52.5	55.0
In bottom decile	11,720	5,630	6,090	10.7	10.4	11.0
In second decile	11,815	5,555	6,260	10.8	10.2	11.3
In third decile	11,885	5,725	6,165	10.8	10.5	11.1
In fourth decile	11,950	5,925	6,025	10.9	10.9	10.9
In fifth decile	11,670	5,700	5,970	10.6	10.5	10.8
In top half of the distribution	50,785	25,850	24,930	46.2	47.5	45.0
In sixth decile	11,275	5,625	5,650	10.3	10.3	10.2
In seventh decile	11,080	5,645	5,435	10.1	10.4	9.8
In eighth decile	10,425	5,295	5,125	9.5	9.7	9.2
In ninth decile	9,885	5,085	4,800	9.0	9.4	8.7
In top decile	8,120	4,200	3,920	7.4	7.7	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,830	...	...	109,830	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,135	55,050	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	102,340	51,030	51,315	92.1	92.7	91.5
French only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,540	3,915	4,625	7.7	7.1	8.2
Neither English nor French	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,135	55,050	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,865	53,955	54,910	98.0	98.0	97.9
French	1,945	950	990	1.8	1.7	1.8
English and French	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	185	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,135	55,050	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,635	54,355	55,280	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	102,700	51,215	51,480	92.4	93.0	91.8
English	100,640	50,215	50,425	90.6	91.2	89.9
French	2,060	1,000	1,055	1.9	1.8	1.9
Non-official languages	6,930	3,140	3,795	6.2	5.7	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Algonquian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	335	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	205	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,535	2,925	3,615	5.9	5.3	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	515	175	340	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	135	270	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,430	2,055	2,375	4.0	3.7	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	695	315	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	675	300	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,310	1,070	1,240	2.1	1.9	2.2
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,355	620	735	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,245	575	675	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	540	255	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	415	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	380	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	940	410	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	170	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	185	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	200	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	460	205	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	5	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	5	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,500	695	805	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	475	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	905	415	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,135	55,050	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,040	51,765	52,275	93.6	94.0	93.2
French	410	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	890	435	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	880	425	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	1,320	630	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,200	1,895	2,305	3.8	3.4	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,135	55,050	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,335	54,690	55,640	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	108,480	53,795	54,685	97.6	97.7	97.5
English	107,850	53,495	54,355	97.0	97.2	96.9
French	635	300	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	1,860	900	955	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,835	895	945	1.7	1.6	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	925	445	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	800	355	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	200	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	585	260	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,140	55,055	56,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,055	52,705	53,350	95.4	95.7	95.1
English	990	480	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	935	450	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	2,665	1,185	1,480	2.4	2.2	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,435	1,080	1,355	2.2	2.0	2.4
English and French	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,535	54,265	55,270	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	109,510	54,265	55,245	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	8,460	3,930	4,530	7.7	7.2	8.2
Non-official languages	11,015	4,995	6,020	10.0	9.2	10.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	995	450	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Algonquian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	700	310	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	650	280	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,050	4,565	5,490	9.2	8.4	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	275	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	750	300	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	655	250	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,225	3,355	3,875	6.6	6.2	7.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	780	375	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	755	355	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,920	1,305	1,615	2.7	2.4	2.9
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,880	825	1,055	1.7	1.5	1.9
German	1,840	805	1,030	1.7	1.5	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	830	385	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	575	245	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	685	365	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	650	345	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	395	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	200	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,010	1,390	1,620	2.7	2.6	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	625	290	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,255	1,020	1,235	2.1	1.9	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	355	140	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	290	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	185	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	195	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	420	185	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,805	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,400	6,720	6,685	12.2	12.4	12.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,900	6,475	6,425	11.7	11.9	11.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,485	4,780	4,705	8.6	8.8	8.5
Métis	3,345	1,675	1,670	3.0	3.1	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	300	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	96,400	47,660	48,740	87.8	87.6	87.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,805	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,700	3,845	3,855	7.0	7.1	7.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,095	50,530	51,560	93.0	92.9	93.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,750	...	...	76.4	...	...
Renter	11,095	...	...	22.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	545	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,385	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not condominium	45,005	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,550	...	...	9.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,035	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,645	...	...	39.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,820	...	...	23.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,460	...	...	23.2	...	...
5 rooms	8,690	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	8,165	...	...	16.5	...	...
7 rooms	6,740	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,330	...	...	29.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,885	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	505	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,975	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,410	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,595	...	...	13.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,940	...	...	34.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,755	...	...	15.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,080	...	...	16.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,900	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,135	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,105	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,880	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,700	...	...	92.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,690	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,540	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,860	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,995	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	875	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,420	...	...	9.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,715	...	...	13.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,320	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,950	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,510	...	...	23.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,965	...	...	12.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,635	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,585	...	...	81.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,760	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,005	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,770	...	...	25.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,870	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,125	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,695	...	...	5.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	790	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,620	...	...	74.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,790	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	41,800	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,520	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.5	...	...	50.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,159	...	...	1,159	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	588,000	...	...	588,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,945	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0	...	...	35.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,124	...	...	1,124	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	545	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	424	...	...	424	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	448	...	...	448	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,260	3,190	3,070	5.7	5.9	5.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,185	3,140	3,040	5.6	5.8	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,600	2,865	2,735	5.1	5.3	4.9
Métis single ancestry	550	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,000	3,945	4,060	7.3	7.3	7.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,845	3,855	3,995	7.1	7.1	7.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,760	2,805	2,955	5.2	5.2	5.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,985	1,015	975	1.8	1.9	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	95,535	47,245	48,295	87.0	86.9	87.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,640	52,950	53,690	97.1	97.4	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,595	9,665	8,925	16.9	17.8	16.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,050	43,290	44,765	80.2	79.6	80.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,160	1,430	1,735	2.9	2.6	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,860	48,475	48,395	88.2	89.1	87.3
Immigrants⁸¹	12,380	5,650	6,725	11.3	10.4	12.1
Before 1980	6,520	3,045	3,475	5.9	5.6	6.3
1980 to 1990	1,445	620	825	1.3	1.1	1.5
1991 to 2000	1,195	460	735	1.1	0.8	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,430	630	805	1.3	1.2	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,790	900	885	1.6	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2015	795	410	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	995	495	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	555	255	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,385	5,650	6,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,680	830	850	13.6	14.7	12.6
5 to 14 years	2,275	1,115	1,160	18.4	19.7	17.2
15 to 24 years	2,785	1,120	1,665	22.5	19.8	24.7
25 to 44 years	4,695	2,165	2,535	37.9	38.3	37.7
45 years and over	940	430	515	7.6	7.6	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,385	5,650	6,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,290	985	1,305	18.5	17.4	19.4
Brazil	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	25	0.2	0.2	0.4
Mexico	105	25	80	0.8	0.4	1.2
Peru	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United States of America	1,765	790	975	14.3	14.0	14.5
Other places of birth in Americas	245	105	140	2.0	1.9	2.1
Europe	7,135	3,430	3,710	57.6	60.7	55.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	215	85	125	1.7	1.5	1.9
Germany	835	350	490	6.7	6.2	7.3
Greece	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	95	40	50	0.8	0.7	0.7
Italy	275	175	105	2.2	3.1	1.6
Netherlands	455	210	250	3.7	3.7	3.7
Poland	145	65	80	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portugal	75	40	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Romania	65	45	20	0.5	0.8	0.3
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,765	1,790	1,970	30.4	31.7	29.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,025	520	500	8.3	9.2	7.4
Africa	520	255	265	4.2	4.5	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	295	130	165	2.4	2.3	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	165	85	75	1.3	1.5	1.1
Asia	2,040	820	1,220	16.5	14.5	18.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	80	90	1.4	1.4	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	25	55	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	200	85	110	1.6	1.5	1.6
Taiwan	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	700	245	455	5.7	4.3	6.8
Viet Nam	205	80	125	1.7	1.4	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	245	125	125	2.0	2.2	1.9
Pakistan	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	330	115	215	2.7	2.0	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	400	170	225	3.2	3.0	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	995	495	495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	115	110	23.1	23.2	22.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	1.5	2.0	2.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	120	75	50	12.1	15.2	10.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	40	6.0	5.1	8.1
Europe	245	135	115	24.6	27.3	23.2
France	30	20	15	3.0	4.0	3.0
Germany	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	60	35	9.5	12.1	7.1
Other places of birth in Europe	80	30	50	8.0	6.1	10.1
Africa	95	45	50	9.5	9.1	10.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	1.5	2.0	2.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	30	4.5	4.0	6.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	15	3.0	4.0	3.0
Asia	380	185	200	38.2	37.4	40.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	35	15	5.5	7.1	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	25	20	4.5	5.1	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	5.5	5.1	6.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	130	60	70	13.1	12.1	14.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	3.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	2.5	2.0	3.0
Oceania and other⁹³	40	15	30	4.0	3.0	6.1
Australia	25	15	15	2.5	3.0	3.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	3.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,800	54,380	55,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,290	6,595	7,695	13.0	12.1	13.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,200	9,510	9,695	17.5	17.5	17.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,310	38,280	38,030	69.5	70.4	68.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,860	2,610	3,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,110	1,500	1,605	53.1	57.5	49.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,440	835	600	24.6	32.0	18.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,675	665	1,010	28.6	25.5	31.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,365	900	1,460	40.4	34.5	44.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	360	200	160	6.1	7.7	4.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,860	2,610	3,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	35	25	0.9	1.3	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,485	695	785	25.3	26.6	24.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	225	85	145	3.8	3.3	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	260	105	150	4.4	4.0	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	20	90	2.0	0.8	2.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,725	1,660	2,065	63.6	63.6	63.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,080	2,300	2,780	4.6	4.2	5.0
South Asian	920	480	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Chinese	790	380	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black	505	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	925	365	560	0.8	0.7	1.0
Arab	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	370	145	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	465	180	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
West Asian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	290	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	435	185	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,715	52,075	52,640	95.4	95.8	95.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,895	7,200	6,700	12.7	13.2	12.1
English	35,695	17,245	18,450	32.5	31.7	33.3
Irish	21,045	9,900	11,145	19.2	18.2	20.1
Scottish	27,600	13,255	14,345	25.1	24.4	25.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,670	4,995	5,675	9.7	9.2	10.2
German	14,940	7,220	7,715	13.6	13.3	13.9
Chinese	930	450	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italian	3,830	2,040	1,790	3.5	3.8	3.2
Indian (India)	510	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	5,660	2,615	3,040	5.2	4.8	5.5
Dutch	5,290	2,600	2,690	4.8	4.8	4.9
Polish	3,180	1,460	1,725	2.9	2.7	3.1
Québécois	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,220	3,135	3,085	5.7	5.8	5.6
Filipino	885	355	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
French Canadian	1,265	565	700	1.2	1.0	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,350	1,200	1,145	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,175	3,145	3,035	5.6	5.8	5.5
Métis	2,765	1,415	1,345	2.5	2.6	2.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,200	1,650	1,550	2.9	3.0	2.8
Russian	2,215	1,035	1,180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Norwegian	4,940	2,375	2,565	4.5	4.4	4.6
Welsh	3,795	1,820	1,970	3.5	3.3	3.6
Portuguese	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	1,985	1,035	950	1.8	1.9	1.7
Spanish	670	310	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	4,120	1,870	2,245	3.8	3.4	4.1
Hungarian	1,190	515	670	1.1	0.9	1.2
Acadian	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	480	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	320	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	315	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	710	380	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korean	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,050	1,030	1,020	1.9	1.9	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,125	540	590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sikh	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,030	525	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgian	610	255	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	345	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	985	490	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	1,615	795	825	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sri Lankan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	495	195	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,015	505	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	940	465	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	435	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australian	425	175	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Palestinian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	180	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	165	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	635	355	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ecuadorian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,800	54,380	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	510	195	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	35,200	15,795	19,400	32.1	29.0	35.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,135	3,825	4,315	7.4	7.0	7.8
Anabaptist	265	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	4,780	2,165	2,615	4.4	4.0	4.7
Baptist	1,530	660	870	1.4	1.2	1.6
Catholic	10,045	4,685	5,360	9.1	8.6	9.7
Christian Orthodox	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	820	330	490	0.7	0.6	0.9
Latter Day Saints	305	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	1,115	455	655	1.0	0.8	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,105	520	585	1.0	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	615	280	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,870	1,430	2,445	3.5	2.6	4.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,185	995	1,185	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	275	130	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,425	525	900	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	71,300	37,200	34,100	64.9	68.4	61.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,015	53,980	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,565	47,455	48,110	87.7	87.9	87.4
Movers	13,450	6,525	6,925	12.3	12.1	12.6
Non-migrants	6,500	3,180	3,320	6.0	5.9	6.0
Migrants	6,950	3,350	3,605	6.4	6.2	6.6
Internal migrants	6,515	3,140	3,370	6.0	5.8	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,015	2,425	2,595	4.6	4.5	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,495	720	775	1.4	1.3	1.4
External migrants	440	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,450	52,130	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,490	31,170	31,325	59.3	59.8	58.7
Movers	42,965	20,965	22,000	40.7	40.2	41.3
Non-migrants	13,790	6,670	7,120	13.1	12.8	13.4
Migrants	29,170	14,290	14,880	27.7	27.4	27.9
Internal migrants	27,610	13,550	14,055	26.2	26.0	26.4
Intraprovincial migrants	21,885	10,735	11,145	20.8	20.6	20.9
Interprovincial migrants	5,725	2,820	2,910	5.4	5.4	5.5
External migrants	1,560	735	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,325	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,660	10,085	7,570	18.7	21.7	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,660	36,285	40,375	81.3	78.3	84.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,070	26,495	28,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,305	4,305	3,000	13.3	16.2	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,770	22,195	25,570	86.7	83.8	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,845	8,245	6,600	15.7	17.8	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,140	14,260	15,880	32.0	30.8	33.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,340	23,865	25,475	52.3	51.5	53.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,040	16,830	16,210	35.0	36.3	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,890	8,385	2,510	11.5	18.1	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,405	2,640	1,760	4.7	5.7	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,485	5,745	750	6.9	12.4	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,210	7,470	11,735	20.4	16.1	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,940	975	1,970	3.1	2.1	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,300	7,040	9,260	17.3	15.2	19.3
Bachelor's degree	10,135	4,280	5,860	10.7	9.2	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,350	570	790	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	355	235	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	3,715	1,565	2,150	3.9	3.4	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	510	270	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,070	26,500	28,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,790	3,350	2,445	10.5	12.6	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,845	8,250	8,595	30.6	31.1	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,435	14,900	17,535	58.9	56.2	61.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,550	10,655	10,895	39.1	40.2	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,800	5,180	1,620	12.3	19.5	5.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,830	1,655	1,170	5.1	6.2	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,975	3,525	450	7.2	13.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,860	4,855	8,005	23.4	18.3	28.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,895	625	1,270	3.4	2.4	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,880	4,245	6,640	19.8	16.0	23.2
Bachelor's degree	6,920	2,740	4,175	12.6	10.3	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	270	520	1.4	1.0	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	220	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	2,465	895	1,570	4.5	3.4	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	120	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,980	22,500	22,480	47.7	48.5	46.9
Education	4,080	1,085	2,995	4.3	2.3	6.2
13. Education	4,080	1,085	2,995	4.3	2.3	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,705	745	960	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	140	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,510	605	900	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	2,045	810	1,235	2.2	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	60	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	565	185	380	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	200	330	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	175	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,615	1,420	3,200	4.9	3.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	345	130	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,105	75	1,030	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	635	175	465	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	815	220	595	0.9	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,500	745	760	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	7,600	2,405	5,190	8.1	5.2	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	905	205	700	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,685	2,200	4,490	7.1	4.7	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,590	865	720	1.7	1.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	710	330	375	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	475	350	125	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	935	530	400	1.0	1.1	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	700	420	275	0.7	0.9	0.6
25. Library science	105	10	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,380	10,635	750	12.1	22.9	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,045	945	100	1.1	2.0	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,055	1,805	250	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,265	3,170	100	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,420	3,295	125	3.6	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,405	1,310	95	1.5	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,350	1,515	835	2.5	3.3	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	925	410	515	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,420	1,105	320	1.5	2.4	0.7
Health and related fields	8,895	1,435	7,460	9.4	3.1	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	190	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,215	1,130	7,090	8.7	2.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,120	2,400	1,720	4.4	5.2	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,110	690	1,420	2.2	1.5	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
43. Security and protective services	465	350	110	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,435	1,270	170	1.5	2.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,070	26,495	28,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,640	11,600	11,040	41.1	43.8	38.6
Education	2,095	465	1,630	3.8	1.8	5.7
13. Education	2,095	465	1,630	3.8	1.8	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,170	495	675	2.1	1.9	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	90	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,055	405	650	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	1,205	455	760	2.2	1.7	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	45	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	320	95	225	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	105	220	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,245	855	2,395	5.9	3.2	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	95	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	845	60	785	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	450	85	365	0.8	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	530	90	440	1.0	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,035	480	555	1.9	1.8	1.9
Business, management and public administration	5,155	1,625	3,535	9.4	6.1	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	625	120	505	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,520	1,505	3,015	8.2	5.7	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,000	485	515	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	480	200	275	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	100	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	250	155	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	605	330	270	1.1	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	510	305	210	0.9	1.2	0.7
25. Library science	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,050	6,465	580	12.8	24.4	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	135	70	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	660	580	85	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,225	1,055	170	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,030	1,955	75	3.7	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,120	2,030	95	3.8	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	865	780	85	1.6	2.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,715	1,040	675	3.1	3.9	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665	285	380	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,045	755	290	1.9	2.8	1.0
Health and related fields	6,290	1,060	5,230	11.4	4.0	18.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	145	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,755	820	4,935	10.5	3.1	17.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	95	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,895	1,615	1,275	5.3	6.1	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,540	495	1,055	2.8	1.9	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	260	95	0.6	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	835	130	1.8	3.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,070	26,495	28,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,640	11,600	11,040	41.1	43.8	38.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,430	14,895	17,535	58.9	56.2	61.4
Location of study inside Canada	29,350	13,505	15,840	53.3	51.0	55.4
Same as province or territory of residence	22,055	9,920	12,130	40.0	37.4	42.4
Different than province or territory of residence	7,295	3,585	3,710	13.2	13.5	13.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,085	1,395	1,690	5.6	5.3	5.9
Americas	985	440	540	1.8	1.7	1.9
United States of America	860	395	465	1.6	1.5	1.6
Mexico	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,110	525	585	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	280	305	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	65	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	635	240	395	1.2	0.9	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	260	100	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australia	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	70	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,320	46,370	47,950	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,375	26,290	25,075	...	...	...
Employed	46,880	23,790	23,090	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,495	2,500	1,990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	42,950	20,075	22,870	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.5	56.7	52.3	54.5	56.7	52.3
Employment rate	49.7	51.3	48.2	49.7	51.3	48.2
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.5	7.9	8.7	9.5	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,320	46,370	47,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,000	19,500	22,500	44.5	42.1	46.9
Worked	52,320	26,870	25,450	55.5	57.9	53.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,750	13,095	10,655	25.2	28.2	22.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,570	13,775	14,795	30.3	29.7	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	39.8	39.8	39.8	39.8	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,370	26,295	25,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	555	455	2.0	2.1	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,360	25,740	24,625	98.0	97.9	98.2
Employee	40,575	19,990	20,580	79.0	76.0	82.1
Permanent position	33,650	16,865	16,785	65.5	64.1	66.9
Temporary position	6,925	3,125	3,795	13.5	11.9	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,710	770	935	3.3	2.9	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,220	2,360	2,865	10.2	9.0	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,785	5,745	4,040	19.0	21.8	16.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,370	26,295	25,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	555	455	2.0	2.1	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,360	25,740	24,625	98.0	97.9	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	450	270	180	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,715	1,535	5,185	13.1	5.8	20.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,950	2,265	685	5.7	8.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,615	930	3,685	9.0	3.5	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,135	1,845	4,285	11.9	7.0	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,580	600	975	3.1	2.3	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,490	4,965	7,525	24.3	18.9	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,605	9,530	1,070	20.6	36.2	4.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,270	2,570	700	6.4	9.8	2.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,560	1,225	340	3.0	4.7	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,370	26,295	25,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	555	455	2.0	2.1	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	50,360	25,740	24,625	98.0	97.9	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,185	3,165	1,020	8.1	12.0	4.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,050	945	105	2.0	3.6	0.4
22 Utilities	300	270	30	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	4,850	4,170	685	9.4	15.9	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,065	1,465	600	4.0	5.6	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	780	615	165	1.5	2.3	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,300	2,880	3,420	12.3	11.0	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,340	1,625	715	4.6	6.2	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	565	300	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	985	335	650	1.9	1.3	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	875	385	495	1.7	1.5	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,920	1,440	1,480	5.7	5.5	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,025	1,205	815	3.9	4.6	3.2
61 Educational services	3,280	840	2,445	6.4	3.2	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	7,830	1,455	6,375	15.2	5.5	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,200	525	675	2.3	2.0	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,355	1,290	2,070	6.5	4.9	8.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,225	1,110	1,110	4.3	4.2	4.4
91 Public administration	3,175	1,700	1,475	6.2	6.5	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,900	29,150	27,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,630	28,620	27,010	97.8	98.2	97.3
French	130	45	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	575	275	300	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	480	165	315	0.8	0.6	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,900	29,150	27,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,770	29,075	27,695	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	56,630	29,000	27,625	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	56,425	28,950	27,475	99.2	99.3	99.0
French	205	60	145	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	145	70	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,900	29,150	27,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,940	28,755	27,185	98.3	98.6	98.0
English	150	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	440	230	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	355	105	250	0.6	0.4	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous	250	80	170	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,880	23,790	23,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,845	2,965	3,875	14.6	12.5	16.8
Worked outside Canada	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,985	6,840	2,140	19.2	28.8	9.3
Usual place of work	30,970	13,925	17,045	66.1	58.5	73.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,970	13,920	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,830	7,630	10,200	57.6	54.8	59.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,205	4,060	5,145	29.7	29.2	30.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,525	1,890	1,635	11.4	13.6	9.6
Commute to a different province or territory	410	345	65	1.3	2.5	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,955	20,760	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,585	17,950	16,640	86.6	86.5	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,930	16,615	15,310	79.9	80.0	79.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,655	1,330	1,325	6.6	6.4	6.9
Public transit	845	470	380	2.1	2.3	2.0
Walked	2,375	960	1,415	5.9	4.6	7.4
Bicycle	740	450	285	1.9	2.2	1.5
Other method	1,410	940	475	3.5	4.5	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,955	20,760	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,875	9,475	11,395	52.2	45.6	59.4
15 to 29 minutes	11,220	5,880	5,340	28.1	28.3	27.8
30 to 44 minutes	3,605	2,145	1,455	9.0	10.3	7.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,430	940	490	3.6	4.5	2.6
60 minutes and over	2,830	2,330	500	7.1	11.2	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,955	20,760	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,565	1,905	665	6.4	9.2	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,075	3,755	2,320	15.2	18.1	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,090	5,700	4,395	25.3	27.5	22.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,495	4,340	6,150	26.3	20.9	32.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,635	2,215	3,420	14.1	10.7	17.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,090	2,850	2,240	12.7	13.7	11.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,145	9,925	9,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,935	1,010	930	10.1	10.2	10.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,215	8,915	8,300	89.9	89.8	90.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,530	7,555	6,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,545	815	735	10.6	10.8	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	955	470	485	6.6	6.2	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	340	250	4.1	4.5	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,985	6,740	6,245	89.4	89.2	89.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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