Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Surrey--NewtonMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	122,264	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,605	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,491	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,635	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,071.1	...	...	4,071.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	30.03	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	122,265	61,125	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,560	10,625	9,930	16.8	17.4	16.2
0 to 4 years	6,145	3,120	3,025	5.0	5.1	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,920	3,585	3,335	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	7,500	3,925	3,575	6.1	6.4	5.8
15 to 64 years	84,520	42,530	41,990	69.1	69.6	68.7
15 to 19 years	7,920	4,085	3,830	6.5	6.7	6.3
20 to 24 years	12,110	6,320	5,790	9.9	10.3	9.5
25 to 29 years	9,905	5,200	4,705	8.1	8.5	7.7
30 to 34 years	9,000	4,530	4,470	7.4	7.4	7.3
35 to 39 years	9,085	4,430	4,650	7.4	7.2	7.6
40 to 44 years	8,600	4,175	4,425	7.0	6.8	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,670	3,735	3,935	6.3	6.1	6.4
50 to 54 years	7,135	3,535	3,605	5.8	5.8	5.9
55 to 59 years	6,825	3,440	3,390	5.6	5.6	5.5
60 to 64 years	6,270	3,075	3,195	5.1	5.0	5.2
65 years and over	17,185	7,965	9,220	14.1	13.0	15.1
65 to 69 years	5,620	2,650	2,970	4.6	4.3	4.9
70 to 74 years	4,675	2,210	2,470	3.8	3.6	4.0
75 to 79 years	3,135	1,450	1,690	2.6	2.4	2.8
80 to 84 years	2,055	905	1,145	1.7	1.5	1.9
85 years and over	1,700	755	945	1.4	1.2	1.5
85 to 89 years	1,065	515	550	0.9	0.8	0.9
90 to 94 years	510	205	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	110	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.4	16.2	16.8	17.4	16.2
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.6	68.7	69.1	69.6	68.7
65 years and over	14.1	13.0	15.1	14.1	13.0	15.1
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Average age of the population	38.0	37.2	38.8	38.0	37.2	38.8
Median age of the population	36.0	34.8	37.2	36.0	34.8	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,955	...	...	22.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	500	...	...	1.4	...	...
Row house	6,485	...	...	18.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,335	...	...	29.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,520	...	...	26.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	675	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,685	...	...	16.0	...	...
2 persons	8,085	...	...	22.7	...	...
3 persons	6,240	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	6,960	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	8,660	...	...	24.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	121,180	60,450	60,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,705	50,500	51,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,450	29,245	29,205	57.5	57.9	57.0
Married	55,515	27,790	27,730	54.6	55.0	54.2
Living common-law	2,935	1,455	1,475	2.9	2.9	2.9
Living common law - Never married	1,945	975	975	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Separated	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	700	345	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Widowed	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	43,255	21,255	22,005	42.5	42.1	43.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,840	17,700	14,135	31.3	35.0	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,150	930	1,220	2.1	1.8	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,145	1,590	2,550	4.1	3.1	5.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,125	1,030	4,095	5.0	2.0	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,385	...	...	38.5	...	...
3 persons	7,535	...	...	23.4	...	...
4 persons	8,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,540	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,355	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	25,890	...	...	80.5	...	...
With children⁶	17,160	...	...	53.4	...	...
Without children	8,725	...	...	27.1	...	...
Common-law couples	1,465	...	...	4.6	...	...
With children⁶	605	...	...	1.9	...	...
Without children	860	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,790	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,860	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	935	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	121,180	60,450	60,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	101,000	50,465	50,535	83.3	83.5	83.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,710	27,350	27,360	45.1	45.2	45.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,795	935	3,860	4.0	1.5	6.4
Children⁶	41,495	22,185	19,315	34.2	36.7	31.8
In a two-parent family	33,890	18,065	15,830	28.0	29.9	26.1
In a one-parent family	7,600	4,115	3,490	6.3	6.8	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,180	9,985	10,195	16.7	16.5	16.8
Living alone	5,685	2,735	2,955	4.7	4.5	4.9
Living with other relatives⁷	7,075	2,815	4,260	5.8	4.7	7.0
Living with non-relatives only	7,415	4,435	2,980	6.1	7.3	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,910	...	...	53.1	...	...
Couple-family households	16,020	...	...	45.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,930	...	...	30.7	...	...
Without children	5,090	...	...	14.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,885	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5,250	...	...	14.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	895	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,310	...	...	6.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,590	...	...	7.3	...	...
One-person households	5,690	...	...	16.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,680	49,850	50,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,320	47,705	48,615	95.7	95.7	95.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	31,000	34,400	38,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,365	47,735	48,635	95.7	95.8	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	29,400	32,000	35,600	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,505	41,875	39,630	81.0	84.0	78.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,400	24,000	29,800	36,400	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,750	37,405	34,350	71.3	75.0	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,400	26,600	32,000	38,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,210	40,590	44,625	84.6	81.4	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,320	10,100	8,500	6,320	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,765	3,700	6,065	9.7	7.4	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,520	5,480	5,320	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,100	16,850	17,250	33.9	33.8	33.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,575	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,065	47,615	48,445	95.5	95.6	95.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,160	46,360	36,080	41,160	46,360	36,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,110	47,630	48,470	95.6	95.7	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,360	40,040	32,680	36,360	40,040	32,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,340	41,880	39,460	80.9	84.1	77.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,640	43,680	31,240	37,640	43,680	31,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,760	37,470	34,280	71.3	75.3	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,720	44,320	32,640	38,720	44,320	32,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,990	40,575	44,415	84.5	81.5	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,510	9,330	11,590	10,510	9,330	11,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,590	3,605	5,985	9.5	7.2	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,700	6,880	6,440	5,700	6,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,615	16,780	16,840	33.4	33.7	33.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,670	8,640	8,710	8,670	8,640	8,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,570	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,095	16,920	12,170	28.9	34.0	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	57,600	49,200	53,600	57,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,700	63,150	52,550	58,700	63,150	52,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,535	14,800	15,735	30.4	29.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,800	17,200	19,600	22,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,480	30,600	22,620	26,480	30,600	22,620
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.8	70.6	77.4	82.8	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	75.2	64.0	70.2	75.2	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	17.2	29.5	22.6	17.2	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	0.9	2.4	1.6	0.9	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.2	8.0	10.8	9.2	8.0	10.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.4	6.6	8.4	7.4	6.6	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,680	49,850	50,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,360	2,140	2,220	4.3	4.3	4.4
With total income	96,325	47,710	48,610	95.7	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,650	4,655	6,000	11.1	9.8	12.3
$10,000 to $19,999	14,040	6,145	7,890	14.6	12.9	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	17,335	7,665	9,670	18.0	16.1	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,610	6,130	7,475	14.1	12.8	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,495	5,535	5,955	11.9	11.6	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,025	4,675	4,355	9.4	9.8	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,355	3,625	2,725	6.6	7.6	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,395	2,820	1,575	4.6	5.9	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	1,930	995	3.0	4.0	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,335	710	2.1	2.8	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,445	3,190	1,250	4.6	6.7	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,485	2,435	1,055	3.6	5.1	2.2
$150,000 and over	955	760	195	1.0	1.6	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,680	49,850	50,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,315	2,120	2,195	4.3	4.3	4.3
With after-tax income	96,365	47,730	48,635	95.7	95.7	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,825	4,725	6,100	11.2	9.9	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,390	6,335	8,050	14.9	13.3	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	19,450	8,665	10,785	20.2	18.2	22.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,780	7,285	8,490	16.4	15.3	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,930	6,520	6,415	13.4	13.7	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,045	5,045	4,000	9.4	10.6	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,480	3,415	2,065	5.7	7.2	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,275	2,150	1,120	3.4	4.5	2.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,410	775	2.3	3.0	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	750	365	1.2	1.6	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,890	1,420	465	2.0	3.0	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	860	305	1.2	1.8	0.6
$125,000 and over	725	565	160	0.8	1.2	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,680	49,850	50,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,925	12,445	16,480	28.7	25.0	32.4
With employment income	71,755	37,405	34,350	71.3	75.0	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,560	3,975	4,580	11.9	10.6	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	6,565	2,915	3,645	9.1	7.8	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,655	4,695	5,960	14.8	12.6	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,375	3,880	4,495	11.7	10.4	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	8,240	3,870	4,370	11.5	10.3	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,465	3,960	3,510	10.4	10.6	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,405	3,595	2,810	8.9	9.6	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,780	3,060	1,720	6.7	8.2	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,390	2,305	1,090	4.7	6.2	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,265	1,550	710	3.2	4.1	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,630	1,070	565	2.3	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,415	2,530	890	4.8	6.8	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,980	1,385	595	2.8	3.7	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,440	1,145	295	2.0	3.1	0.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,680	49,850	50,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,145	45,495	46,650	91.5	91.3	91.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,600	25,800	30,000	35,600	25,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,295	45,530	46,765	91.7	91.3	92.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	32,400	24,600	28,000	32,400	24,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,825	40,945	38,880	79.3	82.1	76.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,800	25,000	30,200	36,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,440	37,150	34,290	71.0	74.5	67.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,600	26,600	31,400	37,600	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,745	29,525	38,220	67.3	59.2	75.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,000	1,130	5,200	3,000	1,130	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,900	2,345	4,550	6.9	4.7	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,920	5,440	5,240	4,920	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,575	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,005	45,515	46,485	91.5	91.4	91.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,360	42,960	31,840	37,360	42,960	31,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,175	45,555	46,620	91.6	91.5	91.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,640	36,920	28,480	32,640	36,920	28,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,615	40,955	38,665	79.2	82.3	76.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,400	30,600	37,200	43,400	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,340	37,280	34,060	70.9	74.9	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,720	43,320	31,560	37,720	43,320	31,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,670	29,505	38,165	67.3	59.3	75.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,010	6,035	7,760	7,010	6,035	7,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,855	2,325	4,530	6.8	4.7	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,935	7,330	6,850	5,935	7,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,570	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,670	16,625	12,045	28.5	33.4	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	53,600	44,000	49,200	53,600	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,650	58,550	46,880	53,650	58,550	46,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,310	13,825	14,490	28.1	27.8	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,800	21,000	23,600	26,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,720	34,600	25,080	29,720	34,600	25,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.8	80.0	86.2	90.8	80.0
Employment income (%)	78.4	82.6	72.8	78.4	82.6	72.8
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.1	20.0	13.8	9.1	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.7	2.2	1.4	0.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,400	...	...	47,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,320	...	...	41,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	945	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	770	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	855	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,125	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,030	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,015	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,300	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,375	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,265	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,275	...	...	48.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,950	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,855	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,770	...	...	13.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,705	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	990	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	860	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	990	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,225	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,200	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,235	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,680	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,615	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,755	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,770	...	...	41.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,105	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,695	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,965	...	...	16.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,105	7,170	5,935	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	31,400	29,400	30,400	31,400	29,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,000	29,600	28,400	29,000	29,600	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,200	...	...	122,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,400	...	...	140,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	123,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,180	7,270	5,910	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,120	38,600	35,280	37,120	38,600	35,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,240	31,960	33,200	34,240	31,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	121,180	60,450	60,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,905	12,880	12,020	20.6	21.3	19.8
0 to 5 years	7,490	3,825	3,660	6.2	6.3	6.0
18 to 64 years	79,485	39,760	39,725	65.6	65.8	65.4
65 years and over	16,790	7,810	8,985	13.9	12.9	14.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,950	4,845	5,105	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,635	1,380	1,250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	780	395	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,545	2,730	2,815	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,775	740	1,040	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	8.0	8.4	8.2	8.0	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	10.7	10.4	10.6	10.7	10.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.1	7.0	6.9	7.1
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.4	11.6	10.6	9.4	11.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	121,180	60,455	60,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,905	12,885	12,020	20.6	21.3	19.8
0 to 5 years	7,485	3,830	3,660	6.2	6.3	6.0
18 to 64 years	79,480	39,760	39,725	65.6	65.8	65.4
65 years and over	16,790	7,805	8,980	13.9	12.9	14.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,560	3,985	3,575	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,270	665	600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	360	185	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,670	3,050	2,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	620	270	350	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	7.7	6.6	7.1	7.7	6.6
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	121,175	60,450	60,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,130	29,755	30,375	49.6	49.2	50.0
In bottom decile	11,060	5,630	5,435	9.1	9.3	9.0
In second decile	10,700	5,135	5,560	8.8	8.5	9.2
In third decile	11,795	5,780	6,015	9.7	9.6	9.9
In fourth decile	12,620	6,295	6,320	10.4	10.4	10.4
In fifth decile	13,960	6,915	7,045	11.5	11.4	11.6
In top half of the distribution	61,050	30,695	30,355	50.4	50.8	50.0
In sixth decile	14,115	7,055	7,065	11.6	11.7	11.6
In seventh decile	13,995	6,980	7,010	11.5	11.5	11.5
In eighth decile	13,205	6,640	6,565	10.9	11.0	10.8
In ninth decile	12,360	6,270	6,090	10.2	10.4	10.0
In top decile	7,375	3,750	3,625	6.1	6.2	6.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	121,180	...	...	121,180	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.367	...	...	0.367	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.241	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	121,605	60,650	60,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	106,005	53,880	52,120	87.2	88.8	85.5
French only	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,330	1,545	1,785	2.7	2.5	2.9
Neither English nor French	12,225	5,185	7,040	10.1	8.5	11.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	121,605	60,650	60,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,410	54,995	53,420	89.1	90.7	87.6
French	480	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	650	300	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Neither English nor French	12,055	5,100	6,955	9.9	8.4	11.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	121,605	60,650	60,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,035	55,410	55,625	91.3	91.4	91.3
Official languages	35,075	17,930	17,145	28.8	29.6	28.1
English	34,660	17,715	16,945	28.5	29.2	27.8
French	415	215	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	75,955	37,485	38,475	62.5	61.8	63.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75,940	37,480	38,465	62.4	61.8	63.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,830	900	930	1.5	1.5	1.5
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	610	300	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	600	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,215	590	620	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,005	485	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	655	305	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	550	260	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,385	1,515	1,875	2.8	2.5	3.1
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,705	1,205	1,500	2.2	2.0	2.5
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	720	340	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	290	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Telugu	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	66,145	32,975	33,170	54.4	54.4	54.4
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	310	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	655	310	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	425	180	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	270	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	63,125	31,515	31,605	51.9	52.0	51.8
Indo-Aryan languages	62,120	31,020	31,105	51.1	51.1	51.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	745	380	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	4,810	2,330	2,480	4.0	3.8	4.1
Kacchi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	53,405	26,740	26,660	43.9	44.1	43.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,360	1,165	1,195	1.9	1.9	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	995	500	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian languages	625	305	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	460	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,840	920	925	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,370	675	690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	175	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,225	1,020	1,205	1.8	1.7	2.0
Chinese languages	2,185	1,000	1,185	1.8	1.6	1.9
Hakka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,145	515	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	820	390	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,565	5,240	5,330	8.7	8.6	8.7
English and French	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,505	4,710	4,800	7.8	7.8	7.9
French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	740	370	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	121,605	60,650	60,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,910	17,650	17,265	28.7	29.1	28.3
French	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	33,135	16,305	16,835	27.2	26.9	27.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	33,125	16,300	16,825	27.2	26.9	27.6
English and French	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	49,970	24,945	25,030	41.1	41.1	41.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	755	360	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	2,360	1,145	1,215	1.9	1.9	2.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	121,605	60,650	60,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,935	53,915	54,025	88.8	88.9	88.6
Official languages	49,765	25,045	24,725	40.9	41.3	40.6
English	49,615	24,970	24,645	40.8	41.2	40.4
French	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	58,170	28,870	29,300	47.8	47.6	48.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	58,160	28,870	29,290	47.8	47.6	48.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,205	555	650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	830	385	445	0.7	0.6	0.7
Amharic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	720	335	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	420	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,945	910	1,040	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,570	725	840	1.3	1.2	1.4
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	500	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	51,880	25,965	25,915	42.7	42.8	42.5
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50,565	25,305	25,260	41.6	41.7	41.4
Indo-Aryan languages	49,915	24,990	24,920	41.0	41.2	40.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	185	90	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	480	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	2,925	1,405	1,515	2.4	2.3	2.5
Kacchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	44,225	22,200	22,020	36.4	36.6	36.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,790	880	910	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	650	310	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	375	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	485	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	790	410	375	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,690	780	910	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese languages	1,645	760	890	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	985	445	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	535	260	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	13,670	6,735	6,940	11.2	11.1	11.4
English and French	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	13,140	6,475	6,660	10.8	10.7	10.9
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	121,605	60,650	60,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	78,965	39,370	39,600	64.9	64.9	65.0
English	18,760	9,415	9,345	15.4	15.5	15.3
French	410	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	16,750	8,265	8,485	13.8	13.6	13.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,730	8,255	8,475	13.8	13.6	13.9
English and French	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,135	2,115	2,020	3.4	3.5	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	310	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,115	1,050	1,065	1.7	1.7	1.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	121,115	60,475	60,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,830	55,235	53,595	89.9	91.3	88.4
English	108,780	55,205	53,570	89.8	91.3	88.3
French	3,415	1,595	1,820	2.8	2.6	3.0
Non-official languages	94,190	46,680	47,510	77.8	77.2	78.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	94,155	46,660	47,495	77.7	77.2	78.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,660	1,385	1,275	2.2	2.3	2.1
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	725	345	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	690	320	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,960	1,060	900	1.6	1.8	1.5
Amharic	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,605	850	760	1.3	1.4	1.3
Aramaic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	875	390	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	780	340	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,590	2,065	2,520	3.8	3.4	4.2
Bikol	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	460	205	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,070	1,840	2,230	3.4	3.0	3.7
Waray-Waray	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,165	555	610	1.0	0.9	1.0
Kannada	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	465	255	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	525	235	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Telugu	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	81,955	40,980	40,975	67.7	67.8	67.6
Albanian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	725	355	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	725	355	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	315	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	780	340	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	555	245	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	550	245	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	77,955	39,095	38,860	64.4	64.6	64.1
Indo-Aryan languages	76,895	38,600	38,300	63.5	63.8	63.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	315	135	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Gujarati	990	525	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hindi	22,985	11,170	11,810	19.0	18.5	19.5
Kacchi	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	67,195	33,870	33,325	55.5	56.0	55.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	4,750	2,435	2,315	3.9	4.0	3.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	200	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	1,545	735	805	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baluchi	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	650	330	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian languages	955	440	520	0.8	0.7	0.9
Dari	795	355	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iranian Persian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,995	1,455	1,540	2.5	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	215	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	295	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	175	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	2,255	1,055	1,195	1.9	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	285	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	600	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,800	1,335	1,460	2.3	2.2	2.4
Chinese languages	2,715	1,295	1,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hakka	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,830	840	1,000	1.5	1.4	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	285	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,220	615	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	121,110	60,480	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,980	920	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,880	885	1,005	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,195	535	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis	675	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	119,135	59,560	59,580	98.4	98.5	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	121,110	60,480	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	780	340	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	120,335	60,140	60,195	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,655	...	...	66.4	...	...
Renter	11,980	...	...	33.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,880	...	...	19.3	...	...
Not condominium	28,755	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,315	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,985	...	...	28.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,135	...	...	25.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,930	...	...	33.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,275	...	...	40.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,765	...	...	16.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,290	...	...	12.0	...	...
7 rooms	3,510	...	...	9.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,795	...	...	21.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,815	...	...	86.5	...	...
More than one person per room	4,820	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	28,755	...	...	80.7	...	...
Not suitable	6,880	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	880	...	...	2.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,265	...	...	14.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,765	...	...	21.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,730	...	...	24.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,295	...	...	9.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,385	...	...	9.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,190	...	...	9.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,115	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,370	...	...	96.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,265	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,935	...	...	39.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,660	...	...	43.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	6,035	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,750	...	...	4.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,490	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,595	...	...	21.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,535	...	...	21.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,810	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,420	...	...	12.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,395	...	...	6.7	...	...
85 years and over	640	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,445	...	...	74.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,115	...	...	25.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,485	...	...	23.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,530	...	...	43.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,670	...	...	21.5	...	...
Not suitable only	5,510	...	...	15.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	670	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,085	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,105	...	...	56.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,560	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not in core need	29,365	...	...	84.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	72.9	...	...	72.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.7	...	...	25.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,980	...	...	1,980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,062	...	...	2,062	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,012,000	...	...	1,012,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,980	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.2	...	...	26.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...	1,261	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	121,115	60,475	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	760	355	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	730	350	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	595	270	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Métis single ancestry	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,290	630	665	1.1	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,220	600	620	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	815	390	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	210	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	119,060	59,490	59,570	98.3	98.4	98.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	121,115	60,475	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	87,690	43,600	44,095	72.4	72.1	72.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,050	11,350	10,695	18.2	18.8	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,645	32,250	33,395	54.2	53.3	55.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	33,425	16,880	16,545	27.6	27.9	27.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	121,115	60,475	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	48,220	24,665	23,550	39.8	40.8	38.8
Immigrants⁸¹	60,645	29,120	31,530	50.1	48.2	52.0
Before 1980	5,560	2,695	2,865	4.6	4.5	4.7
1980 to 1990	5,765	2,725	3,045	4.8	4.5	5.0
1991 to 2000	13,400	6,355	7,040	11.1	10.5	11.6
2001 to 2010	16,630	7,870	8,760	13.7	13.0	14.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	19,295	9,480	9,815	15.9	15.7	16.2
2011 to 2015	9,455	4,510	4,940	7.8	7.5	8.1
2016 to 2021	9,840	4,965	4,875	8.1	8.2	8.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	12,250	6,690	5,560	10.1	11.1	9.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	60,645	29,120	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,515	1,835	1,675	5.8	6.3	5.3
5 to 14 years	7,330	3,765	3,565	12.1	12.9	11.3
15 to 24 years	15,965	6,775	9,195	26.3	23.3	29.2
25 to 44 years	23,700	12,160	11,540	39.1	41.8	36.6
45 years and over	10,140	4,580	5,555	16.7	15.7	17.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	60,645	29,120	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,985	955	1,025	3.3	3.3	3.3
Brazil	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	360	185	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guyana	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Peru	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
United States of America	525	265	260	0.9	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	460	200	255	0.8	0.7	0.8
Europe	2,695	1,235	1,465	4.4	4.2	4.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatia	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	200	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Greece	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italy	210	115	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Poland	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portugal	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romania	130	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,115	475	645	1.8	1.6	2.0
Other places of birth in Europe	360	165	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Africa	1,875	915	960	3.1	3.1	3.0
Algeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	220	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	405	180	230	0.7	0.6	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	830	410	420	1.4	1.4	1.3
Asia	51,180	24,765	26,420	84.4	85.0	83.8
Afghanistan	570	265	310	0.9	0.9	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	160	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	275	140	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	995	410	590	1.6	1.4	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	390	190	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	520	235	280	0.9	0.8	0.9
Philippines	4,285	1,980	2,300	7.1	6.8	7.3
Viet Nam	585	265	315	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bangladesh	205	105	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	38,545	18,775	19,775	63.6	64.5	62.7
Pakistan	2,415	1,220	1,200	4.0	4.2	3.8
Sri Lanka	310	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	1,465	705	760	2.4	2.4	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	2,910	1,255	1,660	4.8	4.3	5.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,840	4,970	4,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	260	125	140	2.6	2.5	2.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	75	45	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	55	0.9	0.7	1.1
Europe	275	135	135	2.8	2.7	2.8
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	125	70	55	1.3	1.4	1.1
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Africa	340	180	165	3.5	3.6	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Ethiopia	60	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Somalia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	45	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Asia	8,925	4,510	4,415	90.7	90.7	90.6
Afghanistan	105	40	60	1.1	0.8	1.2
Bangladesh	55	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
China⁹⁰	100	30	70	1.0	0.6	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	7,075	3,620	3,455	71.9	72.8	70.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lebanon	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepal	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Pakistan	310	160	155	3.2	3.2	3.2
Philippines	575	305	275	5.8	6.1	5.6
Saudi Arabia	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	50	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	220	120	100	2.2	2.4	2.1
Turkey	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Arab Emirates	50	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	75	20	55	0.8	0.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	105	50	60	1.1	1.0	1.2
Oceania and other⁹³	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Australia	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	121,115	60,475	60,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	73,705	36,170	37,535	60.9	59.8	61.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	33,075	17,050	16,020	27.3	28.2	26.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,340	7,255	7,080	11.8	12.0	11.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	55,085	26,425	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,925	10,200	9,715	36.2	38.6	33.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,360	5,010	3,360	15.2	19.0	11.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	11,555	5,200	6,355	21.0	19.7	22.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30,370	13,755	16,615	55.1	52.1	58.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,335	2,255	2,080	7.9	8.5	7.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	465	220	245	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	55,085	26,425	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,770	1,130	645	3.2	4.3	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,995	1,890	2,105	7.3	7.2	7.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675	335	340	1.2	1.3	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,440	1,390	1,060	4.4	5.3	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	210	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45,990	21,580	24,415	83.5	81.7	85.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	121,110	60,480	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	100,905	50,540	50,365	83.3	83.6	83.1
South Asian	80,820	40,780	40,040	66.7	67.4	66.0
Chinese	3,045	1,490	1,555	2.5	2.5	2.6
Black	2,780	1,355	1,425	2.3	2.2	2.4
Filipino	5,650	2,730	2,920	4.7	4.5	4.8
Arab	1,255	625	625	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latin American	1,505	735	770	1.2	1.2	1.3
Southeast Asian	1,440	695	750	1.2	1.1	1.2
West Asian	1,130	545	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Korean	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	405	180	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,370	670	705	1.1	1.1	1.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,355	675	680	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,210	9,940	10,270	16.7	16.4	16.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	121,115	60,475	60,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,830	2,945	2,885	4.8	4.9	4.8
English	6,100	3,050	3,050	5.0	5.0	5.0
Irish	3,540	1,700	1,840	2.9	2.8	3.0
Scottish	4,430	2,005	2,420	3.7	3.3	4.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,980	950	1,025	1.6	1.6	1.7
German	3,235	1,550	1,680	2.7	2.6	2.8
Chinese	3,180	1,595	1,585	2.6	2.6	2.6
Italian	980	475	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indian (India)	43,395	21,570	21,820	35.8	35.7	36.0
Ukrainian	1,465	715	745	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dutch	1,005	445	555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Polish	835	410	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Québécois	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,095	525	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	5,385	2,615	2,770	4.4	4.3	4.6
French Canadian	365	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	705	330	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	675	325	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	635	325	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	605	310	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	720	385	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	845	410	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	640	305	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	505	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	360	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	950	440	510	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	460	200	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	395	175	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Acadian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	3,435	1,705	1,735	2.8	2.8	2.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	190	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	20,640	10,650	9,990	17.0	17.6	16.5
Vietnamese	805	375	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	600	315	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,065	530	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	15,100	7,660	7,440	12.5	12.7	12.3
Austrian	255	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belgian	90	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	2,390	1,185	1,205	2.0	2.0	2.0
Mexican	265	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,450	1,290	1,160	2.0	2.1	1.9
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	1,015	440	575	0.8	0.7	0.9
Egyptian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	145	40	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	900	430	470	0.7	0.7	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	790	375	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Taiwanese	380	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraqi	175	110	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Salvadorean	365	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	160	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	2,095	970	1,120	1.7	1.6	1.8
Jatt	1,650	890	760	1.4	1.5	1.3
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	55	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	121,110	60,480	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,075	440	630	0.9	0.7	1.0
Christian	19,890	9,170	10,725	16.4	15.2	17.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,165	2,385	2,780	4.3	3.9	4.6
Anabaptist	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anglican	955	400	550	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baptist	655	330	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catholic	8,470	3,965	4,510	7.0	6.6	7.4
Christian Orthodox	670	345	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	865	380	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Presbyterian	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Reformed	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	780	295	490	0.6	0.5	0.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,045	515	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hindu	9,845	5,020	4,825	8.1	8.3	8.0
Jewish	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	10,535	5,320	5,215	8.7	8.8	8.6
Sikh	62,340	31,235	31,105	51.5	51.6	51.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	520	245	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	16,780	8,970	7,810	13.9	14.8	12.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	119,820	59,830	59,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,985	50,835	51,150	85.1	85.0	85.3
Movers	17,835	8,990	8,840	14.9	15.0	14.7
Non-migrants	12,735	6,510	6,220	10.6	10.9	10.4
Migrants	5,105	2,480	2,625	4.3	4.1	4.4
Internal migrants	2,880	1,500	1,385	2.4	2.5	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,225	1,145	1,080	1.9	1.9	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	660	355	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
External migrants	2,220	980	1,245	1.9	1.6	2.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	114,900	57,295	57,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,655	31,085	31,570	54.5	54.3	54.8
Movers	52,245	26,210	26,035	45.5	45.7	45.2
Non-migrants	26,475	13,135	13,345	23.0	22.9	23.2
Migrants	25,770	13,075	12,690	22.4	22.8	22.0
Internal migrants	9,245	4,550	4,695	8.0	7.9	8.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,435	3,630	3,805	6.5	6.3	6.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,810	920	890	1.6	1.6	1.5
External migrants	16,525	8,525	7,995	14.4	14.9	13.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,570	49,795	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,415	10,055	11,365	21.3	20.2	22.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,160	39,735	39,420	78.7	79.8	77.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,015	31,665	32,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,695	4,890	4,805	15.1	15.4	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,320	26,775	27,545	84.9	84.6	85.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,575	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,440	9,475	10,960	20.3	19.0	21.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,720	18,605	16,115	34.5	37.4	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,415	21,705	23,710	45.2	43.6	46.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,430	11,515	10,915	22.3	23.1	21.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,600	3,415	1,185	4.6	6.9	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,345	1,550	795	2.3	3.1	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,255	1,865	390	2.2	3.7	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,090	5,815	7,275	13.0	11.7	14.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,745	2,295	2,450	4.7	4.6	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,985	10,190	12,795	22.9	20.5	25.2
Bachelor's degree	14,835	6,820	8,015	14.8	13.7	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,745	770	975	1.7	1.5	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	535	225	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,570	2,195	3,375	5.5	4.4	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	175	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,015	31,660	32,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,070	4,535	4,535	14.2	14.3	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,280	11,025	9,250	31.7	34.8	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,660	16,100	18,560	54.1	50.9	57.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,430	7,755	7,670	24.1	24.5	23.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,115	2,310	805	4.9	7.3	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,570	1,025	540	2.5	3.2	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,545	1,285	260	2.4	4.1	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,430	4,020	5,415	14.7	12.7	16.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,880	1,430	1,450	4.5	4.5	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,235	8,345	10,895	30.0	26.4	33.7
Bachelor's degree	12,070	5,495	6,575	18.9	17.4	20.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,410	615	800	2.2	1.9	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	210	285	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	5,035	1,900	3,140	7.9	6.0	9.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230	130	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,575	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,160	28,085	27,075	54.8	56.4	53.3
Education	2,055	365	1,695	2.0	0.7	3.3
13. Education	2,055	365	1,695	2.0	0.7	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	970	435	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	120	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	820	315	505	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	5,980	2,685	3,300	5.9	5.4	6.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	430	105	320	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	495	155	340	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,445	2,100	2,340	4.4	4.2	4.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,670	1,545	3,130	4.6	3.1	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	300	85	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	75	615	0.7	0.2	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	730	250	480	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	675	155	520	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	2,185	935	1,245	2.2	1.9	2.5
Business, management and public administration	10,100	4,645	5,455	10.0	9.3	10.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	295	85	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,790	4,560	5,235	9.7	9.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,305	1,025	1,275	2.3	2.1	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	695	280	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,145	485	655	1.1	1.0	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	380	245	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,885	1,735	1,145	2.9	3.5	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,500	1,575	930	2.5	3.2	1.8
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,415	6,835	585	7.4	13.7	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	180	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,405	2,070	330	2.4	4.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,345	1,220	125	1.3	2.5	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,555	1,530	25	1.5	3.1	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,305	35	1.3	2.6	0.1
48. Precision production	600	580	15	0.6	1.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	630	430	200	0.6	0.9	0.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	350	160	0.5	0.7	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,730	1,215	5,515	6.7	2.4	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,340	1,025	5,315	6.3	2.1	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,655	785	870	1.6	1.6	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,065	315	755	1.1	0.6	1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	195	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	260	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,015	31,665	32,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,350	15,565	13,785	45.8	49.2	42.6
Education	1,440	195	1,245	2.2	0.6	3.8
13. Education	1,440	195	1,245	2.2	0.6	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	710	310	405	1.1	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	605	220	380	0.9	0.7	1.2
Humanities	4,260	1,745	2,515	6.7	5.5	7.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	370	85	285	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	360	85	275	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,035	1,350	1,685	4.7	4.3	5.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	240	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,675	1,190	2,480	5.7	3.8	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	70	155	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545	45	500	0.9	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	610	210	395	1.0	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	510	115	395	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,710	715	995	2.7	2.3	3.1
Business, management and public administration	7,700	3,525	4,175	12.0	11.1	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	50	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,470	3,465	4,000	11.7	10.9	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	725	875	2.5	2.3	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	190	295	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	330	415	1.2	1.0	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	305	190	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,460	1,470	990	3.8	4.6	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,140	1,335	805	3.3	4.2	2.5
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	115	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,585	5,110	475	8.7	16.1	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	115	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,010	1,725	285	3.1	5.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	990	895	100	1.5	2.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,145	1,130	15	1.8	3.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	930	905	20	1.5	2.9	0.1
48. Precision production	400	375	15	0.6	1.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	305	165	0.7	1.0	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	390	255	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,550	985	4,570	8.7	3.1	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	110	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,260	840	4,415	8.2	2.7	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,200	535	660	1.9	1.7	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	780	215	565	1.2	0.7	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	115	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	200	35	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,015	31,665	32,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,350	15,565	13,785	45.8	49.2	42.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,665	16,100	18,565	54.2	50.8	57.4
Location of study inside Canada	17,665	8,070	9,595	27.6	25.5	29.7
Same as province or territory of residence	16,010	7,245	8,770	25.0	22.9	27.1
Different than province or territory of residence	1,650	825	825	2.6	2.6	2.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,000	8,030	8,970	26.6	25.4	27.7
Americas	715	360	355	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	420	230	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mexico	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	840	480	360	1.3	1.5	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	430	225	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	300	165	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	175	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	14,850	6,845	8,000	23.2	21.6	24.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	345	145	200	0.5	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japan	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,675	705	970	2.6	2.2	3.0
Viet Nam	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	11,395	5,395	6,005	17.8	17.0	18.6
Pakistan	680	275	405	1.1	0.9	1.3
Other locations of study in Asia	265	120	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	290	175	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Australia	125	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
New Zealand	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,575	49,790	50,785	...	...	...
In the labour force	66,905	35,685	31,220	...	...	...
Employed	60,845	32,895	27,945	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,060	2,790	3,275	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,670	14,105	19,565	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.5	71.7	61.5	66.5	71.7	61.5
Employment rate	60.5	66.1	55.0	60.5	66.1	55.0
Unemployment rate	9.1	7.8	10.5	9.1	7.8	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,575	49,790	50,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,070	16,485	21,585	37.9	33.1	42.5
Worked	62,505	33,305	29,195	62.1	66.9	57.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,040	17,540	12,500	29.9	35.2	24.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,470	15,765	16,700	32.3	31.7	32.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.4	39.0	40.3	41.4	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	66,910	35,685	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,730	745	985	2.6	2.1	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,170	34,940	30,235	97.4	97.9	96.8
Employee	56,155	28,030	28,125	83.9	78.5	90.1
Permanent position	46,595	23,640	22,960	69.6	66.2	73.5
Temporary position	9,565	4,390	5,165	14.3	12.3	16.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,425	1,765	1,660	5.1	4.9	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,135	2,630	3,505	9.2	7.4	11.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,020	6,905	2,115	13.5	19.3	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	66,910	35,685	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,730	745	985	2.6	2.1	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,170	34,940	30,235	97.4	97.9	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	210	150	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,105	3,095	6,010	13.6	8.7	19.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,880	2,315	565	4.3	6.5	1.8
3 Health occupations	4,220	605	3,615	6.3	1.7	11.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,930	1,165	3,770	7.4	3.3	12.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	970	535	440	1.4	1.5	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	18,750	7,440	11,305	28.0	20.8	36.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,675	16,805	1,875	27.9	47.1	6.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,350	710	645	2.0	2.0	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,085	2,125	1,965	6.1	6.0	6.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	66,910	35,685	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,730	745	985	2.6	2.1	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	65,170	34,940	30,235	97.4	97.9	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,315	595	720	2.0	1.7	2.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	220	145	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	7,210	6,480	735	10.8	18.2	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	5,265	3,220	2,045	7.9	9.0	6.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,140	1,355	785	3.2	3.8	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,195	3,495	4,700	12.2	9.8	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,820	7,845	1,975	14.7	22.0	6.3
51 Information and cultural industries	905	605	305	1.4	1.7	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	2,005	775	1,235	3.0	2.2	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	810	540	270	1.2	1.5	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,280	1,790	1,485	4.9	5.0	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,285	2,495	1,795	6.4	7.0	5.7
61 Educational services	3,005	790	2,220	4.5	2.2	7.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,000	870	6,135	10.5	2.4	19.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	660	380	285	1.0	1.1	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,565	1,285	3,280	6.8	3.6	10.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,380	1,245	1,135	3.6	3.5	3.6
91 Public administration	1,950	960	990	2.9	2.7	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	70,800	37,450	33,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,435	27,905	26,525	76.9	74.5	79.5
French	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	4,115	2,450	1,665	5.8	6.5	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,115	2,450	1,665	5.8	6.5	5.0
English and French	185	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	11,840	6,900	4,940	16.7	18.4	14.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	70,800	37,450	33,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,790	35,745	32,045	95.7	95.4	96.1
Official languages	60,670	31,445	29,225	85.7	84.0	87.6
English	60,595	31,420	29,170	85.6	83.9	87.5
French	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	7,125	4,305	2,820	10.1	11.5	8.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,125	4,305	2,820	10.1	11.5	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,675	4,125	2,555	9.4	11.0	7.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,550	4,065	2,490	9.3	10.9	7.5
Indo-Aryan languages	6,530	4,055	2,475	9.2	10.8	7.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	185	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,325	3,960	2,365	8.9	10.6	7.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	305	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,005	1,705	1,300	4.2	4.6	3.9
English and French	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,940	1,680	1,260	4.2	4.5	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	70,800	37,450	33,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,155	31,800	29,355	86.4	84.9	88.0
English	2,730	1,660	1,065	3.9	4.4	3.2
French	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	5,790	3,380	2,415	8.2	9.0	7.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,790	3,380	2,415	8.2	9.0	7.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	125	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	750	405	340	1.1	1.1	1.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,845	32,900	27,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,420	3,025	3,400	10.6	9.2	12.2
Worked outside Canada	200	155	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	15,075	11,510	3,560	24.8	35.0	12.7
Usual place of work	39,145	18,205	20,940	64.3	55.3	74.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,145	18,205	20,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,200	7,865	10,335	46.5	43.2	49.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,360	9,970	10,390	52.0	54.8	49.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	510	335	175	1.3	1.8	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	54,220	29,720	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	44,005	26,130	17,875	81.2	87.9	73.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,495	23,490	15,005	71.0	79.0	61.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,510	2,640	2,865	10.2	8.9	11.7
Public transit	7,940	2,570	5,370	14.6	8.6	21.9
Walked	1,140	475	665	2.1	1.6	2.7
Bicycle	110	90	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	1,025	455	565	1.9	1.5	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	54,220	29,720	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,630	4,195	4,430	15.9	14.1	18.1
15 to 29 minutes	17,660	9,175	8,485	32.6	30.9	34.6
30 to 44 minutes	15,840	9,790	6,050	29.2	32.9	24.7
45 to 59 minutes	5,355	3,140	2,215	9.9	10.6	9.0
60 minutes and over	6,735	3,410	3,320	12.4	11.5	13.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	54,220	29,720	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,570	2,880	1,695	8.4	9.7	6.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,320	5,650	3,665	17.2	19.0	15.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,875	6,025	4,855	20.1	20.3	19.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,390	4,845	4,545	17.3	16.3	18.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,465	4,070	4,395	15.6	13.7	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,605	6,250	5,350	21.4	21.0	21.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,375	13,115	12,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,350	690	660	5.3	5.3	5.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,020	12,420	11,600	94.7	94.7	94.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,780	9,765	9,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,135	585	560	6.0	6.0	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	845	425	425	4.5	4.4	4.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	290	155	135	1.5	1.6	1.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,645	9,185	8,460	94.0	94.1	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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