Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	South Okanagan--West KootenayMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,487	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,695	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	64,258	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,112	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17,688.91	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,485	60,450	63,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,030	7,760	7,270	12.2	12.8	11.5
0 to 4 years	4,180	2,115	2,070	3.4	3.5	3.3
5 to 9 years	5,305	2,760	2,545	4.3	4.6	4.0
10 to 14 years	5,545	2,890	2,655	4.5	4.8	4.2
15 to 64 years	71,285	35,040	36,240	57.7	58.0	57.5
15 to 19 years	5,275	2,745	2,530	4.3	4.5	4.0
20 to 24 years	4,670	2,505	2,165	3.8	4.1	3.4
25 to 29 years	5,405	2,745	2,660	4.4	4.5	4.2
30 to 34 years	6,275	3,090	3,185	5.1	5.1	5.1
35 to 39 years	7,190	3,565	3,625	5.8	5.9	5.8
40 to 44 years	6,715	3,375	3,340	5.4	5.6	5.3
45 to 49 years	6,770	3,375	3,390	5.5	5.6	5.4
50 to 54 years	7,330	3,510	3,825	5.9	5.8	6.1
55 to 59 years	9,665	4,445	5,225	7.8	7.4	8.3
60 to 64 years	11,985	5,675	6,310	9.7	9.4	10.0
65 years and over	37,175	17,645	19,530	30.1	29.2	31.0
65 to 69 years	11,510	5,605	5,900	9.3	9.3	9.4
70 to 74 years	9,855	4,820	5,035	8.0	8.0	8.0
75 to 79 years	6,745	3,340	3,410	5.5	5.5	5.4
80 to 84 years	4,600	2,090	2,505	3.7	3.5	4.0
85 years and over	4,465	1,780	2,680	3.6	2.9	4.3
85 to 89 years	2,790	1,205	1,585	2.3	2.0	2.5
90 to 94 years	1,315	480	835	1.1	0.8	1.3
95 to 99 years	315	90	225	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.2	12.8	11.5	12.2	12.8	11.5
15 to 64 years	57.7	58.0	57.5	57.7	58.0	57.5
65 years and over	30.1	29.2	31.0	30.1	29.2	31.0
85 years and over	3.6	2.9	4.3	3.6	2.9	4.3
Average age of the population	48.8	47.9	49.8	48.8	47.9	49.8
Median age of the population	53.2	51.6	54.4	53.2	51.6	54.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	36,590	...	...	65.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,500	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	3,255	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,895	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,960	...	...	14.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,250	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,435	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,165	...	...	32.4	...	...
2 persons	23,640	...	...	42.1	...	...
3 persons	6,500	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	5,085	...	...	9.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,715	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,325	59,110	61,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,455	52,685	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,455	32,190	32,265	59.4	61.1	57.9
Married	51,135	25,575	25,565	47.1	48.5	45.8
Living common-law	13,315	6,615	6,705	12.3	12.6	12.0
Living common law - Never married	8,465	4,240	4,220	7.8	8.0	7.6
Living common law - Separated	700	360	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,600	1,795	1,810	3.3	3.4	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	550	215	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	44,005	20,495	23,510	40.6	38.9	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,515	13,280	10,235	21.7	25.2	18.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,340	1,545	1,800	3.1	2.9	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,985	3,805	5,185	8.3	7.2	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,160	1,870	6,295	7.5	3.5	11.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,290	...	...	66.4	...	...
3 persons	5,975	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	4,635	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,670	...	...	4.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,440	...	...	86.0	...	...
Married couples	24,780	...	...	67.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,405	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	16,380	...	...	44.8	...	...
Common-law couples	6,660	...	...	18.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,095	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	4,565	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,125	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,810	...	...	10.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,310	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,320	59,105	61,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,900	46,705	47,195	78.0	79.0	77.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	62,880	31,375	31,505	52.3	53.1	51.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,130	1,315	3,815	4.3	2.2	6.2
Children⁶	25,890	14,015	11,875	21.5	23.7	19.4
In a two-parent family	18,435	9,860	8,575	15.3	16.7	14.0
In a one-parent family	7,460	4,160	3,295	6.2	7.0	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,420	12,400	14,020	22.0	21.0	22.9
Living alone	18,170	8,100	10,065	15.1	13.7	16.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,375	1,035	1,340	2.0	1.8	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	5,880	3,270	2,615	4.9	5.5	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,410	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	28,470	...	...	50.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,315	...	...	16.6	...	...
Without children	19,150	...	...	34.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,945	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,100	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	360	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,705	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,370	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	18,165	...	...	32.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	105,330	51,365	53,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,265	50,380	52,880	98.0	98.1	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,600	38,000	43,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,295	50,400	52,895	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,600	31,400	34,800	39,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,930	45,390	46,540	87.3	88.4	86.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	36,400	23,400	29,400	36,400	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,020	33,880	32,140	62.7	66.0	59.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	37,200	26,400	30,800	37,200	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,890	41,690	47,200	84.4	81.2	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	13,800	13,100	13,400	13,800	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,450	5,280	5,170	9.9	10.3	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,760	5,480	5,640	5,760	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,510	11,155	12,360	22.3	21.7	22.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	105,490	51,360	54,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,560	50,495	53,055	98.2	98.3	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,200	56,200	40,640	48,200	56,200	40,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,590	50,520	53,070	98.2	98.4	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,400	36,040	41,600	47,400	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,230	45,635	46,595	87.4	88.9	86.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	50,600	33,240	41,840	50,600	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,155	34,040	32,120	62.7	66.3	59.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	49,680	34,640	42,360	49,680	34,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,065	41,745	47,320	84.4	81.3	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,740	12,640	12,820	12,740	12,640	12,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,210	5,185	5,025	9.7	10.1	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,650	6,590	6,620	6,650	6,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,260	11,130	12,125	22.0	21.7	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,550	8,890	8,720	8,550	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	105,495	51,360	54,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,090	14,550	11,540	24.7	28.3	21.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	69,000	52,800	60,000	69,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	78,000	57,750	69,000	78,000	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,215	13,770	15,445	27.7	26.8	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,200	17,200	19,200	21,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	34,520	24,680	29,320	34,520	24,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.2	81.4	71.8	77.2	81.4	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.1	59.6	51.6	56.1	59.6	51.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.7	18.6	28.2	22.7	18.6	28.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.7	5.3	4.3	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.0	4.1	3.4	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	105,330	51,365	53,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,065	980	1,085	2.0	1.9	2.0
With total income	103,265	50,385	52,880	98.0	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,925	3,240	4,685	7.7	6.4	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	13,280	5,200	8,080	12.9	10.3	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	18,600	7,965	10,635	18.0	15.8	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,835	6,585	8,250	14.4	13.1	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,335	5,770	6,560	11.9	11.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,530	4,815	4,715	9.2	9.6	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,785	3,725	3,055	6.6	7.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	2,985	2,010	4.8	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,505	2,185	1,320	3.4	4.3	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,930	1,835	1,095	2.8	3.6	2.1
$100,000 and over	8,550	6,080	2,475	8.3	12.1	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	6,050	4,185	1,860	5.9	8.3	3.5
$150,000 and over	2,505	1,895	610	2.4	3.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	105,330	51,365	53,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,040	965	1,075	1.9	1.9	2.0
With after-tax income	103,295	50,400	52,895	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,365	3,375	4,990	8.1	6.7	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	13,740	5,390	8,350	13.3	10.7	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	20,710	8,875	11,840	20.0	17.6	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	17,030	7,720	9,310	16.5	15.3	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,530	6,640	6,890	13.1	13.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,515	5,150	4,370	9.2	10.2	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,320	3,795	2,530	6.1	7.5	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,390	2,705	1,690	4.2	5.4	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	2,175	1,180	3.3	4.3	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040	1,405	635	2.0	2.8	1.2
$100,000 and over	4,290	3,165	1,120	4.2	6.3	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,290	1,655	635	2.2	3.3	1.2
$125,000 and over	2,000	1,510	490	1.9	3.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	105,330	51,365	53,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	39,310	17,485	21,825	37.3	34.0	40.4
With employment income	66,020	33,880	32,140	62.7	66.0	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,995	6,055	5,945	18.2	17.9	18.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,510	2,345	3,160	8.3	6.9	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,160	3,565	4,595	12.4	10.5	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,735	3,005	3,730	10.2	8.9	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,230	2,775	3,460	9.4	8.2	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,335	2,525	2,810	8.1	7.5	8.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,820	2,310	2,515	7.3	6.8	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,755	2,165	1,590	5.7	6.4	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,935	1,825	1,115	4.4	5.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,365	1,465	905	3.6	4.3	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	1,305	795	3.2	3.9	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,070	4,545	1,525	9.2	13.4	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,265	2,305	960	4.9	6.8	3.0
$125,000 and over	2,810	2,245	565	4.3	6.6	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	105,330	51,365	53,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,505	49,465	52,035	96.4	96.3	96.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	30,400	35,600	43,200	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,720	49,490	52,235	96.6	96.3	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,800	28,000	32,400	38,800	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,915	45,305	46,610	87.3	88.2	86.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	38,400	24,600	30,600	38,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,530	35,795	34,735	67.0	69.7	64.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,800	25,200	29,800	36,800	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,720	34,175	41,540	71.9	66.5	77.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	11,900	10,200	10,800	11,900	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,910	4,540	4,370	8.5	8.8	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,640	5,520	5,600	5,640	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	105,490	51,360	54,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,675	49,495	52,180	96.4	96.4	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	55,700	38,160	46,720	55,700	38,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,910	49,510	52,395	96.6	96.4	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,400	33,160	39,600	46,400	33,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,140	45,550	46,590	87.3	88.7	86.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,350	33,480	42,800	52,350	33,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,630	36,040	34,595	67.0	70.2	63.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	49,720	32,840	41,480	49,720	32,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,760	34,150	41,610	71.8	66.5	76.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,620	10,940	10,350	10,620	10,940	10,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,825	4,490	4,335	8.4	8.7	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,450	7,060	6,750	6,450	7,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	105,495	51,360	54,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,825	14,385	11,445	24.5	28.0	21.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	67,000	48,400	57,200	67,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,500	76,800	53,600	66,500	76,800	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,865	13,145	14,720	26.4	25.6	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	27,200	21,200	24,000	27,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,600	41,560	28,400	34,600	41,560	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	86.4	78.4	83.0	86.4	78.4
Employment income (%)	61.7	65.0	57.1	61.7	65.0	57.1
Government transfers (%)	16.9	13.6	21.6	16.9	13.6	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,280	...	...	47,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,320	...	...	41,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	555	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,340	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,085	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,355	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,285	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,695	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,685	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,520	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,905	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,300	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,930	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,200	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,005	...	...	32.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,160	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,185	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,360	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,295	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	580	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,370	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,240	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,665	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,595	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,075	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,980	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,985	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,290	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,840	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,495	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,935	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,275	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,960	...	...	24.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,885	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,640	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,050	11,370	12,680	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	34,400	35,600	37,600	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,800	32,000	33,200	34,800	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,955	11,240	12,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	47,760	41,760	44,560	47,760	41,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	41,400	37,240	39,200	41,400	37,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,320	59,105	61,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,235	9,405	8,830	15.2	15.9	14.4
0 to 5 years	5,200	2,640	2,565	4.3	4.5	4.2
18 to 64 years	67,020	32,760	34,260	55.7	55.4	56.0
65 years and over	35,070	16,945	18,130	29.1	28.7	29.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,285	6,595	7,690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,120	1,090	1,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	600	310	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,815	3,280	3,540	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,345	2,225	3,120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.2	12.6	11.9	11.2	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.7	11.6	11.7	11.7	11.6	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.5	11.8	11.2	11.5	11.8	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.0	10.3	10.2	10.0	10.3
65 years and over (%)	15.2	13.1	17.2	15.2	13.1	17.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,020	57,510	59,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,805	9,195	8,615	15.2	16.0	14.5
0 to 5 years	5,075	2,590	2,485	4.3	4.5	4.2
18 to 64 years	65,515	32,060	33,455	56.0	55.7	56.2
65 years and over	33,695	16,260	17,440	28.8	28.3	29.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,560	1,785	1,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	540	260	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	65	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,550	1,305	1,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	470	215	250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,320	59,105	61,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,695	31,270	34,430	54.6	52.9	56.2
In bottom decile	12,950	6,160	6,790	10.8	10.4	11.1
In second decile	14,080	6,465	7,615	11.7	10.9	12.4
In third decile	13,110	6,185	6,930	10.9	10.5	11.3
In fourth decile	12,720	6,140	6,585	10.6	10.4	10.8
In fifth decile	12,830	6,325	6,510	10.7	10.7	10.6
In top half of the distribution	54,625	27,840	26,785	45.4	47.1	43.8
In sixth decile	12,260	6,145	6,115	10.2	10.4	10.0
In seventh decile	11,465	5,730	5,735	9.5	9.7	9.4
In eighth decile	11,365	5,835	5,530	9.4	9.9	9.0
In ninth decile	10,555	5,465	5,090	8.8	9.2	8.3
In top decile	8,975	4,665	4,315	7.5	7.9	7.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,320	...	...	120,320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	121,650	59,715	61,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	113,645	56,060	57,590	93.4	93.9	93.0
French only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,180	3,255	3,925	5.9	5.5	6.3
Neither English nor French	770	375	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	121,650	59,715	61,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,890	58,370	60,520	97.7	97.7	97.7
French	1,850	905	940	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	750	365	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	121,650	59,715	61,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,675	58,805	60,870	98.4	98.5	98.3
Official languages	107,275	53,075	54,205	88.2	88.9	87.5
English	105,280	52,090	53,190	86.5	87.2	85.9
French	1,995	975	1,015	1.6	1.6	1.6
Non-official languages	12,395	5,730	6,665	10.2	9.6	10.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,305	5,695	6,610	10.1	9.5	10.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	540	155	385	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	430	125	305	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,260	4,870	5,385	8.4	8.2	8.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,365	1,030	1,335	1.9	1.7	2.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,345	1,020	1,325	1.9	1.7	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,485	640	845	1.2	1.1	1.4
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,930	1,370	1,560	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,910	895	1,015	1.6	1.5	1.6
German	1,810	845	965	1.5	1.4	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	800	380	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	530	255	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,730	1,375	1,355	2.2	2.3	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,640	1,325	1,315	2.2	2.2	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,430	1,205	1,215	2.0	2.0	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,105	1,030	1,075	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	610	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	785	385	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	645	310	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	180	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	205	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	445	205	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	5	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,980	915	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	455	200	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,355	635	720	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	121,650	59,715	61,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,535	54,525	56,015	90.9	91.3	90.4
French	375	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	2,585	1,260	1,325	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,585	1,260	1,325	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	1,030	475	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	6,755	3,095	3,665	5.6	5.2	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	121,650	59,715	61,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,430	59,140	61,295	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	115,890	56,935	58,955	95.3	95.3	95.2
English	115,380	56,675	58,700	94.8	94.9	94.8
French	515	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	4,545	2,205	2,335	3.7	3.7	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,535	2,205	2,335	3.7	3.7	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,645	1,800	1,845	3.0	3.0	3.0
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,230	1,120	1,110	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,195	1,105	1,090	1.8	1.9	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,075	1,040	1,035	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	645	325	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	175	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,215	580	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	480	545	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	121,650	59,715	61,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	114,570	56,490	58,080	94.2	94.6	93.8
English	1,860	890	970	1.5	1.5	1.6
French	775	350	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	3,820	1,695	2,125	3.1	2.8	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,755	1,670	2,085	3.1	2.8	3.4
English and French	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	280	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,470	59,100	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,670	58,740	60,925	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	119,625	58,720	60,905	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	7,240	3,345	3,900	6.0	5.7	6.4
Non-official languages	16,905	7,705	9,200	14.0	13.0	15.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	305	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,630	7,590	9,040	13.8	12.8	14.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	735	205	530	0.6	0.3	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	660	165	490	0.5	0.3	0.8
Waray-Waray	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,925	6,555	7,375	11.6	11.1	12.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,890	1,250	1,640	2.4	2.1	2.7
Baltic languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,855	1,230	1,625	2.4	2.1	2.6
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	270	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,935	825	1,105	1.6	1.4	1.8
Rusyn	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,855	1,845	2,005	3.2	3.1	3.3
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,680	1,360	1,330	2.2	2.3	2.2
German	2,665	1,350	1,315	2.2	2.3	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	985	460	530	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	610	280	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	315	120	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,255	1,620	1,640	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,145	1,565	1,580	2.6	2.6	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	800	460	340	0.7	0.8	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,850	1,390	1,460	2.4	2.4	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,205	1,970	2,230	3.5	3.3	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	870	365	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	890	465	425	0.7	0.8	0.7
Romanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,550	1,190	1,360	2.1	2.0	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	230	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	245	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	255	75	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	220	60	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	575	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	570	275	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,470	59,100	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,295	4,050	4,245	6.9	6.9	6.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,045	3,915	4,130	6.7	6.6	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,965	1,895	2,070	3.3	3.2	3.4
Métis	4,030	1,985	2,040	3.3	3.4	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	112,170	55,050	57,120	93.1	93.1	93.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,470	59,100	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,525	1,215	1,310	2.1	2.1	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,940	57,890	60,055	97.9	98.0	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	42,520	...	...	75.7	...	...
Renter	13,565	...	...	24.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,850	...	...	12.2	...	...
Not condominium	49,330	...	...	87.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	360	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,880	...	...	10.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,570	...	...	31.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,255	...	...	32.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,110	...	...	25.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,100	...	...	25.1	...	...
5 rooms	9,465	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	8,715	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	7,165	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,725	...	...	29.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55,665	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	510	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	54,535	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,640	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,340	...	...	22.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,055	...	...	30.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,865	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,405	...	...	15.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,460	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,205	...	...	5.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,215	...	...	3.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,365	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,810	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,725	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,115	...	...	44.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,335	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	970	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,900	...	...	8.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,315	...	...	13.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,780	...	...	13.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,530	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,885	...	...	22.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,240	...	...	12.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,555	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	53,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,925	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,030	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,125	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,300	...	...	25.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,020	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,265	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,865	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	775	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,880	...	...	74.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,650	...	...	8.8	...	...
Not in core need	48,400	...	...	91.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,660	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.8	...	...	49.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,106	...	...	1,106	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	525,000	...	...	525,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,410	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.9	...	...	37.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,166	...	...	1,166	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	95	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	380	...	...	380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	510	...	...	510	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,465	59,105	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,365	1,150	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,310	1,115	1,195	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,630	735	890	1.4	1.2	1.5
Métis single ancestry	665	375	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,915	3,400	3,520	5.7	5.8	5.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,755	3,305	3,450	5.6	5.6	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,180	2,035	2,150	3.5	3.4	3.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,530	1,240	1,290	2.1	2.1	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,185	54,555	56,635	92.3	92.3	92.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,465	59,105	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,720	56,900	58,815	96.1	96.3	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,955	9,310	8,645	14.9	15.8	14.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	97,760	47,590	50,170	81.2	80.5	81.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,750	2,200	2,550	3.9	3.7	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,465	59,105	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,120	51,540	52,580	86.4	87.2	85.7
Immigrants⁸¹	14,920	6,825	8,095	12.4	11.5	13.2
Before 1980	7,185	3,300	3,880	6.0	5.6	6.3
1980 to 1990	1,750	805	945	1.5	1.4	1.5
1991 to 2000	1,740	770	965	1.4	1.3	1.6
2001 to 2010	1,960	860	1,100	1.6	1.5	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,280	1,085	1,195	1.9	1.8	1.9
2011 to 2015	1,010	505	505	0.8	0.9	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,265	575	690	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,430	735	695	1.2	1.2	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,920	6,825	8,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,755	890	860	11.8	13.0	10.6
5 to 14 years	2,530	1,210	1,315	17.0	17.7	16.2
15 to 24 years	3,500	1,510	1,990	23.5	22.1	24.6
25 to 44 years	5,850	2,630	3,220	39.2	38.5	39.8
45 years and over	1,290	580	705	8.6	8.5	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,920	6,825	8,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,670	1,090	1,580	17.9	16.0	19.5
Brazil	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	110	65	45	0.7	1.0	0.6
Guyana	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	145	65	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
Peru	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	1,930	760	1,165	12.9	11.1	14.4
Other places of birth in Americas	255	85	175	1.7	1.2	2.2
Europe	7,810	3,775	4,035	52.3	55.3	49.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatia	105	60	40	0.7	0.9	0.5
France	170	90	75	1.1	1.3	0.9
Germany	1,225	605	615	8.2	8.9	7.6
Greece	60	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Hungary	180	80	105	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italy	365	170	190	2.4	2.5	2.3
Netherlands	500	235	265	3.4	3.4	3.3
Poland	215	95	120	1.4	1.4	1.5
Portugal	575	300	270	3.9	4.4	3.3
Romania	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	105	35	70	0.7	0.5	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	75	40	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ukraine	50	20	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,010	1,490	1,525	20.2	21.8	18.8
Other places of birth in Europe	1,130	495	630	7.6	7.3	7.8
Africa	565	285	280	3.8	4.2	3.5
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	340	180	160	2.3	2.6	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	155	75	80	1.0	1.1	1.0
Asia	3,380	1,420	1,960	22.7	20.8	24.2
Afghanistan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	220	80	140	1.5	1.2	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	50	35	0.6	0.7	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	175	90	85	1.2	1.3	1.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	665	175	485	4.5	2.6	6.0
Viet Nam	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,650	760	885	11.1	11.1	10.9
Pakistan	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	340	145	200	2.3	2.1	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	490	255	235	3.3	3.7	2.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,270	580	690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	140	145	22.4	24.1	21.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	15	2.8	2.6	2.2
Mexico	20	15	10	1.6	2.6	1.4
United States of America	175	100	75	13.8	17.2	10.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	30	0	30	2.4	0.0	4.3
Europe	225	100	130	17.7	17.2	18.8
France	20	10	15	1.6	1.7	2.2
Germany	30	0	25	2.4	0.0	3.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	40	35	5.5	6.9	5.1
Other places of birth in Europe	95	50	45	7.5	8.6	6.5
Africa	70	40	35	5.5	6.9	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	20	30	4.3	3.4	4.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	590	250	340	46.5	43.1	49.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	2.4	1.7	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	250	110	135	19.7	19.0	19.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	4.3	4.3	4.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	165	75	95	13.0	12.9	13.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	1.6	1.7	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	25	2.0	0.0	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	95	50	40	7.5	8.6	5.8
Australia	95	50	40	7.5	8.6	5.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,470	59,100	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,595	8,140	9,455	14.6	13.8	15.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,930	10,795	11,140	18.2	18.3	18.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,945	40,175	40,780	67.2	68.0	66.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,735	3,525	4,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,435	1,695	1,735	44.4	48.1	41.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,635	1,035	610	21.1	29.4	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,795	660	1,130	23.2	18.7	26.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,755	1,580	2,170	48.5	44.8	51.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	495	235	260	6.4	6.7	6.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	15	40	0.6	0.4	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,735	3,525	4,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	105	65	45	1.4	1.8	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,635	800	840	21.1	22.7	20.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	180	90	95	2.3	2.6	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	355	175	175	4.6	5.0	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	120	25	95	1.6	0.7	2.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,340	2,370	2,970	69.0	67.2	70.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,470	59,100	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,570	3,905	4,665	7.1	6.6	7.6
South Asian	3,640	1,805	1,835	3.0	3.1	3.0
Chinese	840	375	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	660	285	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Filipino	995	300	700	0.8	0.5	1.1
Arab	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	665	350	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Southeast Asian	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	110	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	305	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	495	230	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	111,900	55,205	56,700	92.9	93.4	92.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,470	59,105	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,525	7,480	7,045	12.1	12.7	11.5
English	36,015	17,440	18,575	29.9	29.5	30.3
Irish	21,725	10,085	11,635	18.0	17.1	19.0
Scottish	27,215	13,150	14,075	22.6	22.2	22.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,400	5,510	5,890	9.5	9.3	9.6
German	19,965	9,540	10,425	16.6	16.1	17.0
Chinese	1,005	450	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italian	6,150	3,140	3,010	5.1	5.3	4.9
Indian (India)	2,235	1,095	1,140	1.9	1.9	1.9
Ukrainian	7,430	3,640	3,800	6.2	6.2	6.2
Dutch	5,550	2,705	2,845	4.6	4.6	4.6
Polish	4,450	2,115	2,340	3.7	3.6	3.8
Québécois	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,350	2,575	2,780	4.4	4.4	4.5
Filipino	980	320	665	0.8	0.5	1.1
French Canadian	1,385	625	760	1.1	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,085	1,055	1,020	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,425	1,255	1,170	2.0	2.1	1.9
Métis	3,410	1,735	1,670	2.8	2.9	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,430	1,200	1,225	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian	7,750	3,760	3,995	6.4	6.4	6.5
Norwegian	5,125	2,405	2,720	4.3	4.1	4.4
Welsh	3,860	1,780	2,080	3.2	3.0	3.4
Portuguese	1,635	855	785	1.4	1.4	1.3
American	2,465	1,115	1,350	2.0	1.9	2.2
Spanish	945	430	515	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	4,175	1,920	2,265	3.5	3.2	3.7
Hungarian	1,955	855	1,100	1.6	1.4	1.8
Acadian	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	525	305	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	900	450	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	405	245	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	895	380	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	695	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,090	995	1,095	1.7	1.7	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	780	390	390	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	625	305	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austrian	1,785	860	920	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	750	335	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	435	250	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	640	315	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	935	445	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	1,000	480	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	415	205	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	590	265	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	215	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,040	455	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Muslim	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	935	425	510	0.8	0.7	0.8
Colombian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	760	345	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syrian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	260	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	70	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	410	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	525	315	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	690	385	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	170	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	180	120	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,470	59,100	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	405	165	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	45,565	20,270	25,295	37.8	34.3	41.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,270	4,350	4,920	7.7	7.4	8.0
Anabaptist	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	4,580	2,010	2,570	3.8	3.4	4.2
Baptist	1,265	550	715	1.1	0.9	1.2
Catholic	14,155	6,360	7,795	11.7	10.8	12.7
Christian Orthodox	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,220	560	665	1.0	0.9	1.1
Latter Day Saints	440	180	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	2,040	920	1,120	1.7	1.6	1.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,385	585	800	1.1	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	815	335	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	5,785	2,300	3,485	4.8	3.9	5.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,450	1,560	1,885	2.9	2.6	3.1
Hindu	465	260	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	245	150	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	2,535	1,220	1,310	2.1	2.1	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	340	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,240	500	735	1.0	0.8	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	69,440	36,280	33,160	57.6	61.4	54.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	119,800	58,750	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,325	50,925	52,400	86.2	86.7	85.8
Movers	16,475	7,825	8,650	13.8	13.3	14.2
Non-migrants	7,185	3,310	3,875	6.0	5.6	6.3
Migrants	9,285	4,515	4,770	7.8	7.7	7.8
Internal migrants	8,895	4,325	4,570	7.4	7.4	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,560	3,185	3,370	5.5	5.4	5.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,340	1,140	1,200	2.0	1.9	2.0
External migrants	385	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,390	56,965	59,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,255	32,160	33,095	56.1	56.5	55.7
Movers	51,135	24,810	26,335	43.9	43.6	44.3
Non-migrants	14,110	6,850	7,260	12.1	12.0	12.2
Migrants	37,030	17,955	19,075	31.8	31.5	32.1
Internal migrants	34,585	16,845	17,740	29.7	29.6	29.9
Intraprovincial migrants	26,485	12,870	13,615	22.8	22.6	22.9
Interprovincial migrants	8,100	3,970	4,130	7.0	7.0	6.9
External migrants	2,445	1,115	1,330	2.1	2.0	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	105,495	51,360	54,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,530	10,680	8,855	18.5	20.8	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,965	40,675	45,285	81.5	79.2	83.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,495	29,215	31,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,330	4,395	2,935	12.1	15.0	9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,165	24,820	28,340	87.9	85.0	90.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	105,490	51,360	54,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,185	8,425	7,760	15.3	16.4	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,530	15,615	17,915	31.8	30.4	33.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,780	27,320	28,465	52.9	53.2	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,460	19,545	18,915	36.5	38.1	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,335	9,705	2,635	11.7	18.9	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,310	2,575	1,735	4.1	5.0	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,025	7,130	900	7.6	13.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,025	8,655	14,370	21.8	16.9	26.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,100	1,185	1,905	2.9	2.3	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,320	7,770	9,550	16.4	15.1	17.6
Bachelor's degree	11,320	4,965	6,360	10.7	9.7	11.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,265	520	745	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	610	355	255	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,530	1,570	1,960	3.3	3.1	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590	365	225	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,495	29,215	31,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,810	3,390	2,425	9.6	11.6	7.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,285	8,930	9,360	30.2	30.6	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,390	16,890	19,500	60.2	57.8	62.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,530	12,100	12,430	40.5	41.4	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,335	5,760	1,570	12.1	19.7	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,520	1,485	1,035	4.2	5.1	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,815	4,280	535	8.0	14.7	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,255	5,565	9,685	25.2	19.0	31.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,940	775	1,170	3.2	2.7	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,860	4,790	7,075	19.6	16.4	22.6
Bachelor's degree	8,045	3,265	4,775	13.3	11.2	15.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	850	305	545	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	195	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	2,225	850	1,375	3.7	2.9	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325	170	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	105,495	51,355	54,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,715	24,040	25,675	47.1	46.8	47.4
Education	4,255	1,285	2,970	4.0	2.5	5.5
13. Education	4,255	1,285	2,970	4.0	2.5	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,715	750	965	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	215	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,425	535	895	1.4	1.0	1.7
Humanities	2,350	1,015	1,330	2.2	2.0	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	35	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	625	195	425	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	745	320	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	340	205	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	255	165	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,535	1,335	3,200	4.3	2.6	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	125	265	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	55	1,020	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	615	145	470	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	800	180	620	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,505	775	735	1.4	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	9,860	3,265	6,595	9.3	6.4	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	980	120	855	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,850	3,125	5,730	8.4	6.1	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,775	1,025	750	1.7	2.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	635	325	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	565	430	135	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,110	675	440	1.1	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	835	540	295	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	110	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	110	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,830	13,025	805	13.1	25.4	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	200	135	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,415	1,215	200	1.3	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,880	2,630	250	2.7	5.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,005	3,895	110	3.8	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,395	3,290	100	3.2	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,925	1,855	65	1.8	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,085	1,260	830	2.0	2.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,015	530	485	1.0	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,070	725	345	1.0	1.4	0.6
Health and related fields	10,325	1,725	8,600	9.8	3.4	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	305	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,520	1,305	8,210	9.0	2.5	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,930	1,960	1,975	3.7	3.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,485	745	1,745	2.4	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	385	140	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	890	795	95	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,495	29,215	31,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,105	12,320	11,780	39.8	42.2	37.7
Education	2,225	540	1,685	3.7	1.8	5.4
13. Education	2,225	540	1,685	3.7	1.8	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,230	485	740	2.0	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	105	50	0.2	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	380	695	1.8	1.3	2.2
Humanities	1,475	600	875	2.4	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	390	125	265	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	185	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	120	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	145	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,310	825	2,485	5.5	2.8	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	95	190	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	835	40	795	1.4	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	500	105	400	0.8	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	545	100	450	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,030	445	585	1.7	1.5	1.9
Business, management and public administration	6,540	2,070	4,465	10.8	7.1	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685	55	630	1.1	0.2	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,835	2,000	3,835	9.6	6.8	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,165	605	560	1.9	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	210	250	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	135	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	335	235	100	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	800	525	270	1.3	1.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	640	460	180	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,590	7,940	645	14.2	27.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	145	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	950	775	175	1.6	2.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,825	1,630	200	3.0	5.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,570	2,485	85	4.2	8.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,035	1,975	65	3.4	6.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,045	995	55	1.7	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	815	690	2.5	2.8	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	740	360	380	1.2	1.2	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	770	460	305	1.3	1.6	1.0
Health and related fields	6,895	1,155	5,740	11.4	4.0	18.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	200	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,335	880	5,460	10.5	3.0	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,660	1,325	1,335	4.4	4.5	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,700	540	1,160	2.8	1.8	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	365	265	100	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	585	510	75	1.0	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,495	29,215	31,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,105	12,320	11,780	39.8	42.2	37.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,395	16,895	19,500	60.2	57.8	62.3
Location of study inside Canada	32,380	15,065	17,315	53.5	51.6	55.4
Same as province or territory of residence	23,275	10,755	12,520	38.5	36.8	40.0
Different than province or territory of residence	9,105	4,310	4,795	15.1	14.8	15.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,015	1,830	2,185	6.6	6.3	7.0
Americas	1,235	560	680	2.0	1.9	2.2
United States of America	1,040	490	550	1.7	1.7	1.8
Mexico	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,190	565	630	2.0	1.9	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	200	115	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515	230	280	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	190	115	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,035	405	635	1.7	1.4	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	285	80	205	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	465	235	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	355	185	170	0.6	0.6	0.5
Australia	275	145	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	105,490	51,360	54,140	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,180	29,485	27,695	...	...	...
Employed	52,010	26,625	25,385	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,175	2,860	2,310	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	48,310	21,870	26,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.2	57.4	51.2	54.2	57.4	51.2
Employment rate	49.3	51.8	46.9	49.3	51.8	46.9
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.7	8.3	9.1	9.7	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	105,495	51,355	54,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,260	21,460	25,795	44.8	41.8	47.6
Worked	58,235	29,895	28,340	55.2	58.2	52.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,985	15,065	11,925	25.6	29.3	22.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,250	14,835	16,415	29.6	28.9	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.1	39.5	39.8	40.1	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,185	29,490	27,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,070	535	540	1.9	1.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,110	28,955	27,160	98.1	98.2	98.1
Employee	45,275	22,805	22,470	79.2	77.3	81.1
Permanent position	36,185	18,460	17,730	63.3	62.6	64.0
Temporary position	9,090	4,350	4,745	15.9	14.8	17.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,080	890	1,185	3.6	3.0	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,010	3,460	3,555	12.3	11.7	12.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,835	6,145	4,690	18.9	20.8	16.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,185	29,490	27,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,070	535	540	1.9	1.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,110	28,955	27,160	98.1	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	510	305	200	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,780	1,785	5,995	13.6	6.1	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,885	2,225	665	5.0	7.5	2.4
3 Health occupations	5,255	895	4,365	9.2	3.0	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,445	1,630	3,820	9.5	5.5	13.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,555	615	945	2.7	2.1	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	15,170	6,225	8,945	26.5	21.1	32.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,445	10,550	900	20.0	35.8	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,310	2,415	895	5.8	8.2	3.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,755	2,320	435	4.8	7.9	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,185	29,490	27,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,070	535	540	1.9	1.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	56,110	28,955	27,160	98.1	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,935	1,980	955	5.1	6.7	3.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	785	690	100	1.4	2.3	0.4
22 Utilities	635	540	100	1.1	1.8	0.4
23 Construction	5,565	4,880	685	9.7	16.5	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	4,925	3,790	1,145	8.6	12.9	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	945	665	280	1.7	2.3	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,160	3,305	3,855	12.5	11.2	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,815	1,330	480	3.2	4.5	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	655	365	290	1.1	1.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,300	395	910	2.3	1.3	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	970	470	500	1.7	1.6	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,135	1,540	1,595	5.5	5.2	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,345	1,395	950	4.1	4.7	3.4
61 Educational services	3,190	850	2,340	5.6	2.9	8.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,375	1,350	7,030	14.6	4.6	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,555	785	770	2.7	2.7	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	4,380	1,875	2,500	7.7	6.4	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,500	1,210	1,290	4.4	4.1	4.7
91 Public administration	2,805	1,455	1,345	4.9	4.9	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,075	32,285	30,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,285	31,410	29,875	97.2	97.3	97.0
French	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	275	155	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	275	150	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	500	220	280	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	900	440	460	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,075	32,285	30,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,835	32,175	30,665	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	62,430	31,960	30,470	99.0	99.0	98.9
English	62,305	31,910	30,395	98.8	98.8	98.7
French	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	410	215	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	215	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	355	200	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	275	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	240	105	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,075	32,285	30,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,850	31,690	30,160	98.1	98.2	97.9
English	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	375	160	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	575	305	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	560	295	265	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,010	26,625	25,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,270	3,705	4,570	15.9	13.9	18.0
Worked outside Canada	90	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,065	6,095	1,975	15.5	22.9	7.8
Usual place of work	35,580	16,755	18,825	68.4	62.9	74.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,580	16,760	18,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,820	8,335	10,490	52.9	49.7	55.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,560	5,985	6,575	35.3	35.7	34.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,565	2,065	1,500	10.0	12.3	8.0
Commute to a different province or territory	630	375	255	1.8	2.2	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,645	22,850	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,380	19,905	17,475	85.6	87.1	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,580	18,655	15,925	79.2	81.6	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,795	1,245	1,555	6.4	5.4	7.5
Public transit	570	250	325	1.3	1.1	1.6
Walked	3,905	1,605	2,305	8.9	7.0	11.1
Bicycle	605	395	215	1.4	1.7	1.0
Other method	1,185	700	485	2.7	3.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,645	22,850	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,435	11,190	12,245	53.7	49.0	58.9
15 to 29 minutes	12,060	6,380	5,680	27.6	27.9	27.3
30 to 44 minutes	4,535	2,745	1,785	10.4	12.0	8.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,670	1,090	585	3.8	4.8	2.8
60 minutes and over	1,945	1,440	505	4.5	6.3	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,645	22,850	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,370	2,665	700	7.7	11.7	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,860	5,215	2,645	18.0	22.8	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,515	5,295	5,215	24.1	23.2	25.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,930	3,800	6,135	22.8	16.6	29.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,620	2,175	3,440	12.9	9.5	16.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,355	3,700	2,655	14.6	16.2	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,620	9,600	9,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,400	675	720	7.5	7.0	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,220	8,920	8,300	92.5	92.9	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,085	7,300	6,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,070	520	555	7.6	7.1	8.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	275	305	4.1	3.8	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	240	250	3.5	3.3	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,010	6,785	6,230	92.4	92.9	91.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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