Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saanich--Gulf IslandsMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,541	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,339	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,680	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,661	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	227.6	...	...	227.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	498.88	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,540	54,810	58,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,480	6,915	6,570	11.9	12.6	11.2
0 to 4 years	3,575	1,800	1,765	3.1	3.3	3.0
5 to 9 years	4,785	2,430	2,360	4.2	4.4	4.0
10 to 14 years	5,125	2,690	2,440	4.5	4.9	4.2
15 to 64 years	64,270	31,280	32,990	56.6	57.1	56.2
15 to 19 years	5,635	2,920	2,715	5.0	5.3	4.6
20 to 24 years	6,495	3,370	3,125	5.7	6.1	5.3
25 to 29 years	4,990	2,645	2,345	4.4	4.8	4.0
30 to 34 years	4,895	2,395	2,500	4.3	4.4	4.3
35 to 39 years	5,725	2,785	2,935	5.0	5.1	5.0
40 to 44 years	5,885	2,850	3,035	5.2	5.2	5.2
45 to 49 years	6,120	2,875	3,240	5.4	5.2	5.5
50 to 54 years	7,025	3,285	3,740	6.2	6.0	6.4
55 to 59 years	8,130	3,885	4,240	7.2	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	9,365	4,265	5,105	8.2	7.8	8.7
65 years and over	35,790	16,610	19,175	31.5	30.3	32.6
65 to 69 years	9,875	4,575	5,295	8.7	8.3	9.0
70 to 74 years	9,640	4,525	5,110	8.5	8.3	8.7
75 to 79 years	6,790	3,275	3,520	6.0	6.0	6.0
80 to 84 years	4,415	2,055	2,360	3.9	3.7	4.0
85 years and over	5,070	2,180	2,890	4.5	4.0	4.9
85 to 89 years	2,870	1,320	1,550	2.5	2.4	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,630	640	995	1.4	1.2	1.7
95 to 99 years	515	205	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
100 years and over	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9	12.6	11.2	11.9	12.6	11.2
15 to 64 years	56.6	57.1	56.2	56.6	57.1	56.2
65 years and over	31.5	30.3	32.6	31.5	30.3	32.6
85 years and over	4.5	4.0	4.9	4.5	4.0	4.9
Average age of the population	48.8	47.7	49.8	48.8	47.7	49.8
Median age of the population	52.4	50.8	54.0	52.4	50.8	54.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,855	...	...	60.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,615	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	3,290	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,525	...	...	15.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,995	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	845	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,105	...	...	27.5	...	...
2 persons	19,390	...	...	40.7	...	...
3 persons	6,345	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	5,610	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,215	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,310	53,895	57,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,060	47,895	52,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	60,775	30,320	30,455	60.7	63.3	58.4
Married	51,230	25,550	25,675	51.2	53.3	49.2
Living common-law	9,540	4,765	4,775	9.5	9.9	9.2
Living common law - Never married	6,075	3,030	3,040	6.1	6.3	5.8
Living common law - Separated	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,770	1,405	1,360	2.8	2.9	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	350	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	39,285	17,580	21,705	39.3	36.7	41.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,360	12,585	10,770	23.3	26.3	20.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,135	980	1,160	2.1	2.0	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,935	2,450	4,485	6.9	5.1	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,850	1,560	5,295	6.8	3.3	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,915	...	...	62.3	...	...
3 persons	5,845	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	5,230	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,590	...	...	4.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,635	...	...	88.3	...	...
Married couples	24,865	...	...	74.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,980	...	...	29.7	...	...
Without children	14,885	...	...	44.3	...	...
Common-law couples	4,770	...	...	14.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,350	...	...	4.0	...	...
Without children	3,425	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,945	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,910	...	...	8.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,035	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,305	53,895	57,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,650	44,090	44,565	79.6	81.8	77.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	59,270	29,590	29,680	53.3	54.9	51.7
Parents in one-parent families	3,945	1,040	2,905	3.5	1.9	5.1
Children⁶	25,435	13,460	11,975	22.9	25.0	20.9
In a two-parent family	19,780	10,415	9,365	17.8	19.3	16.3
In a one-parent family	5,660	3,045	2,610	5.1	5.6	4.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,655	9,805	12,850	20.4	18.2	22.4
Living alone	13,105	5,000	8,100	11.8	9.3	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,500	985	1,515	2.2	1.8	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	7,055	3,820	3,230	6.3	7.1	5.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,470	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	25,555	...	...	53.6	...	...
With children⁶	9,540	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	16,015	...	...	33.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,915	...	...	6.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,330	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	530	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,970	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,265	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	13,100	...	...	27.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,840	46,985	50,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,630	45,850	49,780	97.7	97.6	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,600	44,400	50,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,690	45,880	49,810	97.8	97.6	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,200	36,400	40,000	45,200	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,440	43,035	46,405	91.4	91.6	91.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,000	30,000	36,400	44,000	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,800	31,040	30,760	63.2	66.1	60.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,200	35,200	41,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,605	35,730	42,875	80.3	76.0	84.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,800	12,000	11,900	11,800	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,195	2,345	2,850	5.3	5.0	5.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,520	5,480	5,280	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,390	9,625	10,765	20.8	20.5	21.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,895	47,025	50,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,695	45,905	49,795	97.8	97.6	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,550	67,600	52,100	59,550	67,600	52,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,745	45,920	49,825	97.8	97.7	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120	55,100	43,600	49,120	55,100	43,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,355	42,940	46,420	91.3	91.3	91.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,650	62,900	45,120	53,650	62,900	45,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,800	30,920	30,880	63.1	65.8	60.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	58,600	41,440	50,000	58,600	41,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,520	35,765	42,755	80.2	76.1	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,490	11,270	11,680	11,490	11,270	11,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,995	2,240	2,755	5.1	4.8	5.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	5,590	7,200	6,480	5,590	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,385	9,780	10,605	20.8	20.8	20.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,720	8,870	8,800	8,720	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,895	47,025	50,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,670	14,755	11,910	27.2	31.4	23.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	75,000	61,600	69,000	75,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,300	89,600	70,900	81,300	89,600	70,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,700	11,610	14,085	26.3	24.7	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	18,600	15,600	17,000	18,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	34,000	24,520	28,800	34,000	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	87.0	80.8	84.2	87.0	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.3	58.4	49.3	54.3	58.4	49.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8	13.0	19.2	15.8	13.0	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.4	4.8	4.0	3.4	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.8	3.6	3.2	2.8	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,835	46,985	50,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,210	1,130	1,075	2.3	2.4	2.1
With total income	95,625	45,850	49,775	97.7	97.6	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,765	3,550	4,220	8.1	7.7	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,270	4,160	6,105	10.7	9.1	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	13,870	5,715	8,160	14.5	12.5	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,365	4,760	6,600	11.9	10.4	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,350	4,545	5,805	10.8	9.9	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,690	4,000	4,685	9.1	8.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,190	3,625	3,565	7.5	7.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,640	3,010	2,625	5.9	6.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,540	2,470	2,070	4.7	5.4	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	2,000	1,520	3.7	4.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	12,430	8,010	4,425	13.0	17.5	8.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,860	4,825	3,035	8.2	10.5	6.1
$150,000 and over	4,570	3,180	1,390	4.8	6.9	2.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,835	46,985	50,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,155	1,110	1,045	2.2	2.4	2.1
With after-tax income	95,685	45,875	49,810	97.8	97.6	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,435	3,735	4,705	8.8	8.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,795	4,385	6,410	11.3	9.6	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,425	6,415	9,010	16.1	14.0	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,115	5,610	7,500	13.7	12.2	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,875	5,310	6,560	12.4	11.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,450	4,715	4,730	9.9	10.3	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,205	3,825	3,385	7.5	8.3	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,485	3,065	2,420	5.7	6.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,910	2,270	1,640	4.1	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605	1,555	1,050	2.7	3.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	7,395	4,990	2,400	7.7	10.9	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,450	2,250	1,200	3.6	4.9	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,945	2,745	1,195	4.1	6.0	2.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,835	46,985	50,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,035	15,940	20,095	36.8	33.9	39.5
With employment income	61,800	31,040	30,760	63.2	66.1	60.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,570	5,040	5,530	17.1	16.2	18.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,140	2,275	2,865	8.3	7.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,225	3,275	3,945	11.7	10.6	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,355	2,395	2,955	8.7	7.7	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,840	2,255	2,590	7.8	7.3	8.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,655	2,155	2,505	7.5	6.9	8.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,580	2,100	2,480	7.4	6.8	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,735	1,895	1,845	6.0	6.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	1,705	1,405	5.0	5.5	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,755	1,530	1,230	4.5	4.9	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260	1,290	970	3.7	4.2	3.2
$100,000 and over	7,565	5,125	2,440	12.2	16.5	7.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,365	2,080	1,285	5.4	6.7	4.2
$125,000 and over	4,200	3,045	1,155	6.8	9.8	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,840	46,985	50,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,355	44,605	48,750	95.4	94.9	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,800	37,600	43,200	50,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,540	44,650	48,885	95.6	95.0	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	33,600	38,400	44,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,445	42,375	46,075	90.4	90.2	90.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,600	31,000	37,600	45,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,920	32,785	33,140	67.4	69.8	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,000	33,200	39,200	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,170	28,215	36,950	66.6	60.1	72.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	10,400	9,200	9,600	10,400	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,740	1,605	2,135	3.8	3.4	4.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,880	5,920	5,280	4,880	5,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,895	47,025	50,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,505	44,695	48,810	95.5	95.0	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,200	66,900	48,280	57,200	66,900	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,675	44,730	48,950	95.7	95.1	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	54,650	40,560	47,280	54,650	40,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,405	42,400	46,005	90.3	90.2	90.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,400	64,100	43,560	53,400	64,100	43,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,905	32,840	33,065	67.3	69.8	65.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	56,200	39,200	47,680	56,200	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,285	28,100	37,180	66.7	59.8	73.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,640	9,830	9,490	9,640	9,830	9,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,690	1,535	2,160	3.8	3.3	4.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	6,135	8,560	7,550	6,135	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,895	47,025	50,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,435	14,630	11,805	27.0	31.1	23.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	73,000	57,600	65,000	73,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,400	86,100	66,500	77,400	86,100	66,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,645	11,115	13,525	25.2	23.6	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	24,000	20,000	21,600	24,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,760	39,640	28,880	33,760	39,640	28,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	90.8	85.0	88.2	90.8	85.0
Employment income (%)	58.7	61.7	55.0	58.7	61.7	55.0
Government transfers (%)	11.8	9.2	15.0	11.8	9.2	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,950	...	...	61,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,160	...	...	51,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,200	...	...	141,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	730	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,570	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,330	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,300	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,525	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,670	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,190	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,130	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,065	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,765	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,055	...	...	46.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,570	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,370	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,865	...	...	12.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,255	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	780	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,645	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,490	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,515	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,825	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,900	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,725	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,635	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,350	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,260	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,820	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,575	...	...	39.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,960	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,345	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,275	...	...	17.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,155	8,820	11,335	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	37,600	39,200	38,800	37,600	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	34,400	36,400	35,600	34,400	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,300	...	...	115,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,000	...	...	175,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,200	...	...	142,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,095	8,675	11,425	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,300	49,760	56,000	53,300	49,760	56,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,600	41,960	46,600	44,600	41,960	46,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,310	53,890	57,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,765	8,625	8,145	15.1	16.0	14.2
0 to 5 years	4,475	2,265	2,210	4.0	4.2	3.8
18 to 64 years	60,550	29,320	31,230	54.4	54.4	54.4
65 years and over	33,995	15,950	18,040	30.5	29.6	31.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,450	4,400	5,055	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,505	825	680	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	390	220	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,025	2,425	2,600	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,915	1,145	1,770	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.2	8.8	8.5	8.2	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	9.6	8.4	9.0	9.6	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	9.5	8.0	8.8	9.5	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
65 years and over (%)	8.6	7.2	9.8	8.6	7.2	9.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,430	52,495	55,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,285	8,390	7,890	15.0	16.0	14.1
0 to 5 years	4,340	2,190	2,145	4.0	4.2	3.8
18 to 64 years	59,130	28,615	30,520	54.5	54.5	54.6
65 years and over	33,020	15,490	17,525	30.5	29.5	31.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,640	2,385	2,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	685	365	320	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	80	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,415	1,775	1,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	540	240	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.5	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.8	2.5	3.1	3.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.2	5.4	5.8	6.2	5.4
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,305	53,895	57,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,875	21,095	23,780	40.3	39.1	41.4
In bottom decile	10,110	4,900	5,210	9.1	9.1	9.1
In second decile	8,345	3,795	4,545	7.5	7.0	7.9
In third decile	8,180	3,785	4,390	7.3	7.0	7.6
In fourth decile	8,780	4,095	4,685	7.9	7.6	8.2
In fifth decile	9,465	4,520	4,940	8.5	8.4	8.6
In top half of the distribution	66,430	32,800	33,635	59.7	60.9	58.6
In sixth decile	10,315	5,030	5,285	9.3	9.3	9.2
In seventh decile	11,685	5,655	6,030	10.5	10.5	10.5
In eighth decile	12,765	6,350	6,410	11.5	11.8	11.2
In ninth decile	15,080	7,485	7,595	13.5	13.9	13.2
In top decile	16,585	8,275	8,310	14.9	15.4	14.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,305	...	...	111,305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.343	...	...	0.343	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.433	...	...	0.433	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.301	...	...	0.301	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,345	54,325	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	100,555	49,175	51,380	89.5	90.5	88.6
French only	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,655	4,670	5,980	9.5	8.6	10.3
Neither English nor French	1,115	465	645	1.0	0.9	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,345	54,325	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,700	53,160	56,540	97.6	97.9	97.4
French	1,335	620	715	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	255	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,055	440	620	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,345	54,325	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,100	53,265	56,835	98.0	98.0	98.0
Official languages	93,910	45,835	48,075	83.6	84.4	82.9
English	92,510	45,195	47,315	82.3	83.2	81.5
French	1,400	645	760	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-official languages	16,190	7,435	8,760	14.4	13.7	15.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,110	7,390	8,715	14.3	13.6	15.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	375	210	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	360	205	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	940	355	590	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	740	285	460	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,880	3,700	4,175	7.0	6.8	7.2
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,220	545	675	1.1	1.0	1.2
Baltic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,190	525	665	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	320	125	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,520	1,160	1,360	2.2	2.1	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,445	650	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
German	1,390	630	760	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	775	375	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	660	315	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,130	1,070	1,060	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	920	925	1.6	1.7	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	670	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,790	815	975	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	465	205	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	860	385	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	475	145	325	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	405	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,170	2,395	2,765	4.6	4.4	4.8
Chinese languages	5,145	2,385	2,755	4.6	4.4	4.7
Hakka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,915	1,355	1,555	2.6	2.5	2.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,030	945	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,240	1,055	1,185	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	385	200	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,600	740	855	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,345	54,325	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,325	46,895	49,435	85.7	86.3	85.2
French	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	3,675	1,735	1,945	3.3	3.2	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,660	1,720	1,935	3.3	3.2	3.3
English and French	1,070	480	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	10,395	4,835	5,555	9.3	8.9	9.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	450	180	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,345	54,325	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,250	53,335	56,915	98.1	98.2	98.1
Official languages	103,125	49,970	53,160	91.8	92.0	91.6
English	102,820	49,835	52,990	91.5	91.7	91.3
French	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	7,120	3,365	3,755	6.3	6.2	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,090	3,350	3,740	6.3	6.2	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	445	200	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,350	1,125	1,225	2.1	2.1	2.1
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	340	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	340	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	150	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,075	530	545	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	920	450	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	740	360	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	565	265	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	285	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,365	1,580	1,785	3.0	2.9	3.1
Chinese languages	3,355	1,575	1,780	3.0	2.9	3.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,125	1,015	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	520	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,095	985	1,105	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,905	915	990	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,345	54,325	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,895	49,535	52,360	90.7	91.2	90.2
English	2,925	1,390	1,535	2.6	2.6	2.6
French	890	410	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	5,450	2,475	2,980	4.9	4.6	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	5,370	2,445	2,930	4.8	4.5	5.0
English and French	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	280	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	485	215	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,355	53,980	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,340	53,515	56,830	99.1	99.1	99.0
English	110,335	53,510	56,825	99.1	99.1	99.0
French	10,510	4,580	5,930	9.4	8.5	10.3
Non-official languages	23,485	10,760	12,725	21.1	19.9	22.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	165	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,265	10,660	12,610	20.9	19.7	22.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	715	375	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	655	345	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	440	240	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,290	450	835	1.2	0.8	1.5
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	385	740	1.0	0.7	1.3
Waray-Waray	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,325	6,135	7,185	12.0	11.4	12.5
Albanian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,610	725	885	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,565	700	865	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	395	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	520	195	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	260	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,200	1,900	2,300	3.8	3.5	4.0
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,720	1,240	1,480	2.4	2.3	2.6
German	2,645	1,205	1,440	2.4	2.2	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,230	575	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	365	190	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dutch	875	395	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	470	205	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	155	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,060	1,560	1,500	2.7	2.9	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,750	1,410	1,340	2.5	2.6	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	890	470	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,120	1,060	1,060	1.9	2.0	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,665	2,070	2,595	4.2	3.8	4.5
Catalan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	805	355	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	715	310	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,360	1,475	1,885	3.0	2.7	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,070	435	640	1.0	0.8	1.1
Korean	550	245	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	210	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,765	2,790	2,975	5.2	5.2	5.2
Chinese languages	5,680	2,745	2,930	5.1	5.1	5.1
Hakka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,890	1,870	2,025	3.5	3.5	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,445	1,140	1,305	2.2	2.1	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,360	53,980	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,825	2,450	2,375	4.3	4.5	4.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,580	2,330	2,250	4.1	4.3	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,060	1,550	1,510	2.7	2.9	2.6
Métis	1,495	775	720	1.3	1.4	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,535	51,530	55,005	95.7	95.5	95.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,360	53,980	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,400	1,230	1,175	2.2	2.3	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,955	52,750	56,205	97.8	97.7	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,475	...	...	78.6	...	...
Renter	10,035	...	...	21.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,770	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not condominium	41,910	...	...	87.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,000	...	...	10.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,380	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,620	...	...	32.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,335	...	...	30.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,925	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,950	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,880	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,475	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,450	...	...	34.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,030	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	650	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,030	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,650	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,860	...	...	12.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,895	...	...	35.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,990	...	...	21.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,960	...	...	14.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,245	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,875	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,470	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,385	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,210	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,465	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,145	...	...	44.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,360	...	...	49.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,170	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,190	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,350	...	...	7.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,360	...	...	11.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,815	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,815	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,450	...	...	24.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,800	...	...	14.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,895	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,385	...	...	79.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,555	...	...	20.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,390	...	...	18.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,590	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,635	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,215	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,695	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	620	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,085	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,830	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	40,940	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.6	...	...	46.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,524	...	...	1,524	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,024,000	...	...	1,024,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,925	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.0	...	...	41.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.9	...	...	21.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,512	...	...	1,512	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	170	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	456	...	...	456	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	470	...	...	470	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,355	53,975	57,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,940	1,000	945	1.7	1.9	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,925	1,000	925	1.7	1.9	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,755	895	860	1.6	1.7	1.5
Métis single ancestry	165	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,600	1,715	1,890	3.2	3.2	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,435	1,660	1,770	3.1	3.1	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,425	1,155	1,270	2.2	2.1	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	985	495	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	170	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,815	51,265	54,545	95.0	95.0	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,355	53,975	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,485	50,850	53,635	93.8	94.2	93.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,080	8,375	7,705	14.4	15.5	13.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,405	42,475	45,930	79.4	78.7	80.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,870	3,125	3,740	6.2	5.8	6.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,355	53,975	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,265	41,805	43,465	76.6	77.5	75.7
Immigrants⁸¹	24,085	11,130	12,950	21.6	20.6	22.6
Before 1980	10,030	4,690	5,340	9.0	8.7	9.3
1980 to 1990	3,085	1,460	1,625	2.8	2.7	2.8
1991 to 2000	3,145	1,425	1,725	2.8	2.6	3.0
2001 to 2010	3,890	1,805	2,095	3.5	3.3	3.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,925	1,760	2,165	3.5	3.3	3.8
2011 to 2015	1,950	880	1,070	1.8	1.6	1.9
2016 to 2021	1,980	880	1,095	1.8	1.6	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,005	1,035	965	1.8	1.9	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	24,080	11,130	12,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,360	1,155	1,205	9.8	10.4	9.3
5 to 14 years	4,065	2,030	2,040	16.9	18.2	15.8
15 to 24 years	4,835	2,125	2,715	20.1	19.1	21.0
25 to 44 years	10,135	4,525	5,610	42.1	40.7	43.3
45 years and over	2,685	1,300	1,380	11.2	11.7	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	24,080	11,130	12,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,560	1,655	1,900	14.8	14.9	14.7
Brazil	90	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	75	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
El Salvador	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haiti	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jamaica	125	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	245	115	135	1.0	1.0	1.0
Peru	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	70	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	2,470	1,145	1,325	10.3	10.3	10.2
Other places of birth in Americas	320	155	165	1.3	1.4	1.3
Europe	10,635	5,070	5,565	44.2	45.6	43.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatia	130	65	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
France	160	75	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Germany	1,025	465	560	4.3	4.2	4.3
Greece	130	65	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hungary	105	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italy	235	120	110	1.0	1.1	0.8
Netherlands	595	280	320	2.5	2.5	2.5
Poland	280	155	130	1.2	1.4	1.0
Portugal	360	170	195	1.5	1.5	1.5
Romania	130	50	85	0.5	0.4	0.7
Russian Federation	165	70	90	0.7	0.6	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	165	85	85	0.7	0.8	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	5,920	2,825	3,095	24.6	25.4	23.9
Other places of birth in Europe	1,115	555	560	4.6	5.0	4.3
Africa	1,010	515	495	4.2	4.6	3.8
Algeria	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	555	270	280	2.3	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	255	135	120	1.1	1.2	0.9
Asia	8,375	3,630	4,740	34.8	32.6	36.6
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	225	110	115	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iraq	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	70	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,845	1,260	1,585	11.8	11.3	12.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	565	295	270	2.3	2.7	2.1
Korea, South⁹²	350	170	180	1.5	1.5	1.4
Taiwan	215	80	130	0.9	0.7	1.0
Philippines	1,080	365	710	4.5	3.3	5.5
Viet Nam	185	70	115	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bangladesh	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	1,435	675	760	6.0	6.1	5.9
Pakistan	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,120	415	710	4.7	3.7	5.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	505	265	245	2.1	2.4	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,975	880	1,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	355	140	210	18.0	15.9	19.1
Brazil	20	10	10	1.0	1.1	0.9
Colombia	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	0	20	1.5	0.0	1.8
United States of America	250	105	145	12.7	11.9	13.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	1.8	1.7	1.8
Europe	305	170	140	15.4	19.3	12.7
France	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	0.9
Germany	40	30	15	2.0	3.4	1.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	1.3	1.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	95	50	7.6	10.8	4.5
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	45	3.0	2.3	4.1
Africa	50	30	15	2.5	3.4	1.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	1.0	1.1	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Asia	1,245	520	725	63.0	59.1	65.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	475	205	275	24.1	23.3	25.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	100	100	10.1	11.4	9.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	0	40	2.5	0.0	3.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	3.0	3.4	2.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	15	0	1.0	1.7	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	240	90	150	12.2	10.2	13.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	30	3.0	4.0	2.7
Turkey	20	10	15	1.0	1.1	1.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	20	1.3	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30	2.3	1.7	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	1.3	2.3	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.8	1.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,360	53,980	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	28,205	13,200	15,005	25.3	24.5	26.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,880	12,145	12,735	22.3	22.5	22.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	58,270	28,630	29,635	52.3	53.0	51.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,055	6,445	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,120	3,965	4,155	57.8	61.5	54.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,615	2,155	1,460	25.7	33.4	19.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,500	1,810	2,695	32.0	28.1	35.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,095	2,015	3,085	36.3	31.3	40.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	690	400	295	4.9	6.2	3.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	150	70	80	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,055	6,445	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	150	80	65	1.1	1.2	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,410	1,115	1,295	17.1	17.3	17.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	665	325	345	4.7	5.0	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,015	490	530	7.2	7.6	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	120	40	85	0.9	0.6	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,690	4,405	5,290	68.9	68.3	69.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,360	53,980	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,845	8,440	9,400	16.0	15.6	16.4
South Asian	3,820	1,885	1,935	3.4	3.5	3.4
Chinese	7,090	3,420	3,665	6.4	6.3	6.4
Black	860	490	370	0.8	0.9	0.6
Filipino	1,605	610	990	1.4	1.1	1.7
Arab	365	210	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	785	345	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Southeast Asian	740	350	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
West Asian	305	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	555	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,060	445	620	1.0	0.8	1.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	510	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	93,510	45,535	47,980	84.0	84.4	83.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,355	53,975	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,080	6,260	5,820	10.8	11.6	10.1
English	35,775	17,305	18,470	32.1	32.1	32.2
Irish	19,535	8,995	10,535	17.5	16.7	18.4
Scottish	25,785	12,340	13,450	23.2	22.9	23.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,855	3,630	4,225	7.1	6.7	7.4
German	13,515	6,265	7,255	12.1	11.6	12.6
Chinese	7,055	3,370	3,685	6.3	6.2	6.4
Italian	3,340	1,540	1,800	3.0	2.9	3.1
Indian (India)	2,340	1,175	1,170	2.1	2.2	2.0
Ukrainian	5,155	2,400	2,755	4.6	4.4	4.8
Dutch	4,965	2,460	2,505	4.5	4.6	4.4
Polish	3,385	1,605	1,785	3.0	3.0	3.1
Québécois	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	8,130	3,960	4,170	7.3	7.3	7.3
Filipino	1,660	625	1,030	1.5	1.2	1.8
French Canadian	1,225	655	570	1.1	1.2	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,865	940	920	1.7	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,345	1,150	1,190	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis	1,315	650	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,080	1,575	1,505	2.8	2.9	2.6
Russian	2,010	895	1,115	1.8	1.7	1.9
Norwegian	3,670	1,680	1,985	3.3	3.1	3.5
Welsh	3,920	1,800	2,125	3.5	3.3	3.7
Portuguese	1,200	625	575	1.1	1.2	1.0
American	2,550	1,175	1,375	2.3	2.2	2.4
Spanish	1,155	480	680	1.0	0.9	1.2
Swedish	2,745	1,300	1,445	2.5	2.4	2.5
Hungarian	1,225	595	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	990	490	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Punjabi	575	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	385	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	225	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	660	305	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	570	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	470	205	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	605	290	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	745	335	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,800	965	835	1.6	1.8	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	520	230	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austrian	1,260	580	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgian	685	295	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	430	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	425	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	930	400	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Finnish	985	475	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lankan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	605	320	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	1,180	475	705	1.1	0.9	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	990	500	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	750	340	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	465	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	190	125	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	100	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	255	135	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	325	125	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	235	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	310	195	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
South African	420	180	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australian	525	275	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	510	230	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ecuadorian	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	195	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,355	53,980	57,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,150	425	725	1.0	0.8	1.3
Christian	39,595	17,675	21,915	35.6	32.7	38.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,115	3,350	3,760	6.4	6.2	6.6
Anabaptist	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	7,320	3,145	4,180	6.6	5.8	7.3
Baptist	1,465	645	820	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catholic	11,415	5,190	6,220	10.3	9.6	10.8
Christian Orthodox	635	310	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,220	565	660	1.1	1.0	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	590	255	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	1,105	495	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,130	2,040	3,095	4.6	3.8	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,295	1,085	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.1
Hindu	650	335	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	765	345	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Muslim	800	400	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	1,915	930	980	1.7	1.7	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,370	530	840	1.2	1.0	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	64,885	33,215	31,670	58.3	61.5	55.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,800	53,690	57,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	97,000	46,865	50,135	87.5	87.3	87.8
Movers	13,795	6,825	6,975	12.5	12.7	12.2
Non-migrants	7,515	3,690	3,825	6.8	6.9	6.7
Migrants	6,285	3,135	3,150	5.7	5.8	5.5
Internal migrants	5,405	2,715	2,690	4.9	5.1	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	4,020	1,980	2,045	3.6	3.7	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,385	730	650	1.3	1.4	1.1
External migrants	875	420	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,690	52,105	55,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,750	31,885	34,860	62.0	61.2	62.7
Movers	40,940	20,220	20,720	38.0	38.8	37.3
Non-migrants	11,335	5,660	5,675	10.5	10.9	10.2
Migrants	29,605	14,560	15,050	27.5	27.9	27.1
Internal migrants	26,030	12,800	13,230	24.2	24.6	23.8
Intraprovincial migrants	20,815	10,200	10,615	19.3	19.6	19.1
Interprovincial migrants	5,215	2,600	2,610	4.8	5.0	4.7
External migrants	3,580	1,755	1,820	3.3	3.4	3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,895	47,025	50,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,995	5,790	5,200	11.2	12.3	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,905	41,235	45,670	88.8	87.7	89.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,735	24,690	27,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,220	1,850	1,365	6.2	7.5	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,515	22,840	25,675	93.8	92.5	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,895	47,025	50,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,435	4,790	4,645	9.6	10.2	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,775	12,785	13,985	27.4	27.2	27.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,685	29,450	32,240	63.0	62.6	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,545	13,740	13,805	28.1	29.2	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,020	5,425	1,600	7.2	11.5	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,740	1,650	1,090	2.8	3.5	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,280	3,775	510	4.4	8.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,320	7,120	10,200	17.7	15.1	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,200	1,190	2,005	3.3	2.5	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,145	15,715	18,430	34.9	33.4	36.2
Bachelor's degree	20,085	8,960	11,125	20.5	19.1	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,235	935	1,305	2.3	2.0	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	985	595	390	1.0	1.3	0.8
Master's degree	8,440	3,690	4,750	8.6	7.8	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,400	1,545	855	2.5	3.3	1.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,735	24,690	27,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,515	1,430	1,085	4.9	5.8	4.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,820	6,110	5,705	22.8	24.7	21.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,400	17,150	20,250	72.3	69.5	74.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,085	8,160	7,925	31.1	33.0	29.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,135	3,245	885	8.0	13.1	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,585	980	610	3.1	4.0	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,545	2,270	280	4.9	9.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,210	4,215	5,995	19.7	17.1	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,745	700	1,040	3.4	2.8	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,315	8,985	12,325	41.2	36.4	45.6
Bachelor's degree	12,975	5,505	7,465	25.1	22.3	27.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	495	830	2.6	2.0	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	250	290	1.0	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	5,260	2,050	3,215	10.2	8.3	11.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,210	680	525	2.3	2.8	1.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,900	47,025	50,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,205	17,575	18,630	37.0	37.4	36.6
Education	5,210	1,405	3,805	5.3	3.0	7.5
13. Education	5,210	1,405	3,805	5.3	3.0	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,575	945	1,630	2.6	2.0	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,410	835	1,570	2.5	1.8	3.1
Humanities	3,960	1,395	2,560	4.0	3.0	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	460	80	380	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,280	365	915	1.3	0.8	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	805	275	530	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	225	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	195	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	570	290	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	15	140	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,485	3,420	5,065	8.7	7.3	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	670	255	415	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910	65	845	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	495	645	1.2	1.1	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245	80	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,750	525	1,225	1.8	1.1	2.4
45. Social sciences	3,600	1,935	1,670	3.7	4.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	10,940	4,435	6,500	11.2	9.4	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,135	305	835	1.2	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,765	4,120	5,650	10.0	8.8	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,620	2,055	1,555	3.7	4.4	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,695	800	890	1.7	1.7	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	640	300	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,155	895	265	1.2	1.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,540	1,670	870	2.6	3.6	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,780	1,285	495	1.8	2.7	1.0
25. Library science	215	30	185	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	455	295	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,270	9,395	880	10.5	20.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	460	320	140	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	2,415	2,010	400	2.5	4.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,355	2,135	220	2.4	4.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,595	2,555	40	2.7	5.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,520	1,485	35	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	920	885	35	0.9	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,730	1,025	705	1.8	2.2	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	955	505	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	775	525	250	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	9,540	2,070	7,470	9.7	4.4	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	805	385	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,430	1,510	6,920	8.6	3.2	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	175	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,785	1,620	1,175	2.8	3.4	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,440	490	945	1.5	1.0	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	395	155	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	685	625	60	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,735	24,690	27,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,335	7,540	6,790	27.7	30.5	25.1
Education	2,355	605	1,750	4.6	2.5	6.5
13. Education	2,355	605	1,750	4.6	2.5	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,635	545	1,085	3.2	2.2	4.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,535	495	1,040	3.0	2.0	3.8
Humanities	2,225	765	1,460	4.3	3.1	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260	45	210	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	715	190	525	1.4	0.8	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	200	335	1.0	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	80	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	315	125	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,555	1,980	3,570	10.7	8.0	13.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540	195	345	1.0	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	50	515	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	720	235	485	1.4	1.0	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	45	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,030	245	780	2.0	1.0	2.9
45. Social sciences	2,405	1,155	1,250	4.6	4.7	4.6
Business, management and public administration	7,040	2,665	4,380	13.6	10.8	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685	145	545	1.3	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,335	2,510	3,825	12.2	10.2	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,060	1,005	1,055	4.0	4.1	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	415	590	1.9	1.7	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	155	240	0.8	0.6	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	580	400	180	1.1	1.6	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,755	1,225	530	3.4	5.0	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,420	1,050	370	2.7	4.3	1.4
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	130	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,050	5,405	645	11.7	21.9	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	230	140	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,535	1,210	320	3.0	4.9	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260	1,100	155	2.4	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,670	1,640	30	3.2	6.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	860	840	25	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	495	475	20	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,130	585	540	2.2	2.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	645	295	350	1.2	1.2	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	485	290	195	0.9	1.2	0.7
Health and related fields	5,760	1,340	4,425	11.1	5.4	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	260	320	1.1	1.1	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,015	995	4,015	9.7	4.0	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,820	1,025	785	3.5	4.2	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	955	350	605	1.8	1.4	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	280	115	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	355	50	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,735	24,690	27,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,335	7,540	6,790	27.7	30.5	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,405	17,150	20,250	72.3	69.5	74.9
Location of study inside Canada	30,740	14,240	16,500	59.4	57.7	61.0
Same as province or territory of residence	22,900	10,600	12,305	44.3	42.9	45.5
Different than province or territory of residence	7,840	3,645	4,195	15.2	14.8	15.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,660	2,910	3,750	12.9	11.8	13.9
Americas	1,820	840	970	3.5	3.4	3.6
United States of America	1,505	680	820	2.9	2.8	3.0
Mexico	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peru	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Europe	1,920	895	1,030	3.7	3.6	3.8
Belgium	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	185	80	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Netherlands	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975	460	510	1.9	1.9	1.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	2,430	920	1,510	4.7	3.7	5.6
Iran⁸⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	720	305	415	1.4	1.2	1.5
Taiwan	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	180	35	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	205	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	565	175	390	1.1	0.7	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	415	200	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oceania	305	160	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Australia	240	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,895	47,025	50,870	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,655	27,760	26,895	...	...	...
Employed	51,160	25,990	25,170	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,495	1,775	1,725	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,240	19,260	23,980	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.8	59.0	52.9	55.8	59.0	52.9
Employment rate	52.3	55.3	49.5	52.3	55.3	49.5
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,900	47,025	50,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,195	18,730	23,465	43.1	39.8	46.1
Worked	55,700	28,290	27,410	56.9	60.2	53.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,765	15,475	12,295	28.4	32.9	24.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,930	12,820	15,115	28.5	27.3	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.8	40.2	41.0	41.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,650	27,765	26,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	460	445	1.7	1.7	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,750	27,305	26,450	98.4	98.3	98.4
Employee	41,600	20,185	21,415	76.1	72.7	79.6
Permanent position	34,290	16,980	17,310	62.7	61.2	64.4
Temporary position	7,305	3,205	4,100	13.4	11.5	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,035	945	1,090	3.7	3.4	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,270	2,255	3,010	9.6	8.1	11.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,155	7,120	5,035	22.2	25.6	18.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,650	27,765	26,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	460	445	1.7	1.7	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,750	27,305	26,450	98.4	98.3	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	980	600	375	1.8	2.2	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,180	2,705	6,475	16.8	9.7	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,995	3,790	1,205	9.1	13.7	4.5
3 Health occupations	4,640	1,125	3,515	8.5	4.1	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,665	2,740	4,925	14.0	9.9	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,625	1,060	1,565	4.8	3.8	5.8
6 Sales and service occupations	12,845	6,035	6,805	23.5	21.7	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,120	7,340	780	14.9	26.4	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,710	1,165	545	3.1	4.2	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	995	740	255	1.8	2.7	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,650	27,765	26,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	460	445	1.7	1.7	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	53,750	27,305	26,450	98.4	98.3	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,205	670	535	2.2	2.4	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	85	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	245	185	55	0.4	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	4,390	3,880	510	8.0	14.0	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,020	1,460	565	3.7	5.3	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	885	600	285	1.6	2.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,150	2,970	3,180	11.3	10.7	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,230	1,580	645	4.1	5.7	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	835	515	320	1.5	1.9	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,405	640	770	2.6	2.3	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,105	595	510	2.0	2.1	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,640	3,185	2,455	10.3	11.5	9.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,460	1,525	935	4.5	5.5	3.5
61 Educational services	4,875	1,780	3,100	8.9	6.4	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,365	1,605	5,760	13.5	5.8	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,715	800	910	3.1	2.9	3.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,530	1,665	1,860	6.5	6.0	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,025	910	1,115	3.7	3.3	4.1
91 Public administration	5,505	2,620	2,885	10.1	9.4	10.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,115	30,435	29,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,265	29,565	28,700	96.9	97.1	96.7
French	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	320	200	120	0.5	0.7	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	305	195	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	455	230	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	965	395	570	1.6	1.3	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,115	30,435	29,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,935	30,340	29,595	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	59,405	30,045	29,360	98.8	98.7	98.9
English	59,290	30,025	29,265	98.6	98.7	98.6
French	115	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	530	295	235	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	515	295	225	0.9	1.0	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	170	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Chinese languages	275	170	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	185	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,115	30,435	29,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,810	29,855	28,955	97.8	98.1	97.5
English	255	110	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
French	365	200	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Non-official language	540	195	345	0.9	0.6	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	530	190	340	0.9	0.6	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,160	25,990	25,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,770	7,000	7,775	28.9	26.9	30.9
Worked outside Canada	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,515	4,785	1,730	12.7	18.4	6.9
Usual place of work	29,745	14,120	15,625	58.1	54.3	62.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,745	14,120	15,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,295	5,840	7,455	44.7	41.4	47.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,740	7,815	7,920	52.9	55.3	50.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	615	395	220	2.1	2.8	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	100	70	40	0.3	0.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,265	18,905	17,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,730	15,695	14,035	82.0	83.0	80.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,415	14,835	12,570	75.6	78.5	72.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,315	855	1,460	6.4	4.5	8.4
Public transit	1,890	865	1,025	5.2	4.6	5.9
Walked	2,370	1,060	1,305	6.5	5.6	7.5
Bicycle	1,285	750	535	3.5	4.0	3.1
Other method	995	540	455	2.7	2.9	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,265	18,905	17,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,315	6,855	7,455	39.5	36.3	42.9
15 to 29 minutes	15,015	8,045	6,975	41.4	42.6	40.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,110	2,970	2,145	14.1	15.7	12.4
45 to 59 minutes	915	510	405	2.5	2.7	2.3
60 minutes and over	905	530	380	2.5	2.8	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,265	18,905	17,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,495	1,030	465	4.1	5.4	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,800	2,985	1,820	13.2	15.8	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,520	5,170	4,350	26.3	27.3	25.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,590	4,600	4,985	26.4	24.3	28.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,375	2,750	3,615	17.6	14.5	20.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,480	2,365	2,115	12.4	12.5	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,140	8,840	8,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	575	520	6.4	6.5	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,050	8,260	7,790	93.6	93.4	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,250	6,880	6,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855	455	400	6.5	6.6	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	185	165	2.6	2.7	2.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	505	270	235	3.8	3.9	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,400	6,425	5,975	93.6	93.4	93.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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