Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince George--Peace River--Northern RockiesMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,998	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	110,995	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.8	...	...	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,047	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,027	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	249,105.22	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,000	55,705	53,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,970	10,810	10,160	19.2	19.4	19.1
0 to 4 years	6,655	3,375	3,280	6.1	6.1	6.2
5 to 9 years	7,195	3,680	3,515	6.6	6.6	6.6
10 to 14 years	7,120	3,755	3,365	6.5	6.7	6.3
15 to 64 years	72,335	37,110	35,225	66.4	66.6	66.1
15 to 19 years	6,240	3,330	2,915	5.7	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	6,250	3,270	2,975	5.7	5.9	5.6
25 to 29 years	7,815	4,020	3,795	7.2	7.2	7.1
30 to 34 years	8,320	4,295	4,025	7.6	7.7	7.6
35 to 39 years	8,220	4,175	4,050	7.5	7.5	7.6
40 to 44 years	6,970	3,510	3,465	6.4	6.3	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,590	3,355	3,235	6.0	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,895	3,440	3,455	6.3	6.2	6.5
55 to 59 years	7,625	3,955	3,675	7.0	7.1	6.9
60 to 64 years	7,410	3,780	3,630	6.8	6.8	6.8
65 years and over	15,690	7,785	7,905	14.4	14.0	14.8
65 to 69 years	5,935	3,045	2,890	5.4	5.5	5.4
70 to 74 years	4,165	2,090	2,075	3.8	3.8	3.9
75 to 79 years	2,665	1,365	1,300	2.4	2.5	2.4
80 to 84 years	1,590	745	845	1.5	1.3	1.6
85 years and over	1,335	540	795	1.2	1.0	1.5
85 to 89 years	905	385	525	0.8	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	350	135	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	80	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.4	19.1	19.2	19.4	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.4	66.6	66.1	66.4	66.6	66.1
65 years and over	14.4	14.0	14.8	14.4	14.0	14.8
85 years and over	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Average age of the population	38.8	38.5	39.2	38.8	38.5	39.2
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.4	38.0	37.6	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,390	...	...	65.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,825	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	2,200	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,315	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,345	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5,460	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,315	...	...	29.6	...	...
2 persons	16,105	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	6,565	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	5,560	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,480	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,950	54,555	52,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,025	44,895	43,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,755	25,960	25,790	58.8	57.8	59.8
Married	39,420	19,800	19,615	44.8	44.1	45.5
Living common-law	12,330	6,155	6,175	14.0	13.7	14.3
Living common law - Never married	9,340	4,690	4,655	10.6	10.4	10.8
Living common law - Separated	695	350	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	2,070	1,025	1,040	2.4	2.3	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	230	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	36,275	18,935	17,340	41.2	42.2	40.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,325	14,140	10,190	27.6	31.5	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,855	1,335	1,520	3.2	3.0	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,160	2,545	2,615	5.9	5.7	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,935	925	3,010	4.5	2.1	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,120	...	...	53.7	...	...
3 persons	5,990	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	5,195	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,720	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,245	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	19,080	...	...	63.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,320	...	...	31.0	...	...
Without children	9,760	...	...	32.5	...	...
Common-law couples	6,170	...	...	20.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,690	...	...	9.0	...	...
Without children	3,475	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,785	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,500	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,285	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,950	54,550	52,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,980	42,920	43,065	80.4	78.7	82.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,490	25,225	25,265	47.2	46.2	48.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,785	1,290	3,500	4.5	2.4	6.7
Children⁶	30,705	16,410	14,295	28.7	30.1	27.3
In a two-parent family	23,265	12,305	10,960	21.8	22.6	20.9
In a one-parent family	7,440	4,105	3,330	7.0	7.5	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,975	11,635	9,335	19.6	21.3	17.8
Living alone	13,315	7,370	5,940	12.4	13.5	11.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,465	1,195	1,265	2.3	2.2	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	5,190	3,060	2,135	4.9	5.6	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,945	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	23,200	...	...	51.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,095	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	12,110	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,740	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	720	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,590	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,250	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	13,315	...	...	29.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,240	43,855	42,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,355	42,490	40,865	96.7	96.9	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	61,600	36,800	46,400	61,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,415	42,515	40,895	96.7	96.9	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	53,600	34,400	42,400	53,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,665	39,300	35,360	86.6	89.6	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	60,000	30,800	43,200	60,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,855	34,870	29,985	75.2	79.5	70.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	62,800	33,200	46,400	62,800	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,245	30,530	34,715	75.7	69.6	81.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,900	9,800	9,200	8,900	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,925	5,095	4,835	11.5	11.6	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,720	6,000	5,840	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,175	10,585	10,585	24.6	24.1	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,025	43,775	42,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,215	42,475	40,740	96.7	97.0	96.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,300	71,600	44,400	58,300	71,600	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,250	42,490	40,760	96.8	97.1	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,800	39,160	49,160	58,800	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,595	39,280	35,320	86.7	89.7	83.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,250	69,100	39,880	55,250	69,100	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,800	35,005	29,795	75.3	80.0	70.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,750	68,700	40,520	55,750	68,700	40,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,265	30,655	34,615	75.9	70.0	81.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,180	10,770	11,540	11,180	10,770	11,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,935	5,220	4,715	11.5	11.9	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,930	7,440	7,170	6,930	7,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,915	10,580	10,330	24.3	24.2	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,190	8,990	8,590	8,190	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,025	43,775	42,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,815	17,255	12,555	34.7	39.4	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	83,000	57,200	71,000	83,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,900	91,200	62,050	78,900	91,200	62,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,530	13,445	13,085	30.8	30.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	40,000	19,800	27,000	40,000	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,760	52,450	26,680	39,760	52,450	26,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.2	78.0	85.0	89.2	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	79.0	66.8	74.4	79.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.0	10.9	22.1	15.0	10.9	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.4	6.6	4.6	3.4	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	5.1	3.7	2.9	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,240	43,850	42,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,885	1,360	1,525	3.3	3.1	3.6
With total income	83,355	42,490	40,865	96.7	96.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,350	2,710	4,645	8.8	6.4	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,345	3,090	5,250	10.0	7.3	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,755	4,240	6,515	12.9	10.0	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,425	3,775	5,650	11.3	8.9	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,440	3,575	4,860	10.1	8.4	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,395	3,375	4,025	8.9	7.9	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,150	3,225	2,925	7.4	7.6	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	3,095	1,900	6.0	7.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	2,815	1,410	5.1	6.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,775	2,610	1,170	4.5	6.1	2.9
$100,000 and over	12,490	9,980	2,510	15.0	23.5	6.1
$100,000 to $149,999	8,655	6,710	1,950	10.4	15.8	4.8
$150,000 and over	3,830	3,275	560	4.6	7.7	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,240	43,850	42,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,830	1,335	1,495	3.3	3.0	3.5
With after-tax income	83,410	42,515	40,895	96.7	97.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,545	2,775	4,770	9.0	6.5	11.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,645	3,205	5,440	10.4	7.5	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,215	4,820	7,395	14.6	11.3	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,975	4,545	6,430	13.2	10.7	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,725	4,320	5,410	11.7	10.2	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,410	4,330	4,080	10.1	10.2	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,670	4,090	2,575	8.0	9.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,425	3,675	1,750	6.5	8.6	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,290	3,045	1,240	5.1	7.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,820	2,165	655	3.4	5.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	6,690	5,545	1,150	8.0	13.0	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,830	3,130	695	4.6	7.4	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,865	2,410	450	3.4	5.7	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,240	43,850	42,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,390	8,980	12,405	24.8	20.5	29.3
With employment income	64,855	34,865	29,985	75.2	79.5	70.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,470	3,290	4,175	11.5	9.4	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,075	1,550	2,520	6.3	4.4	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,470	2,570	3,895	10.0	7.4	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,700	2,320	3,375	8.8	6.7	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,405	2,275	3,125	8.3	6.5	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,270	2,245	3,025	8.1	6.4	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,015	2,385	2,630	7.7	6.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,490	2,520	1,975	6.9	7.2	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,035	2,590	1,445	6.2	7.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,400	2,375	1,020	5.2	6.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,140	2,190	950	4.8	6.3	3.2
$100,000 and over	10,395	8,555	1,845	16.0	24.5	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,800	3,705	1,100	7.4	10.6	3.7
$125,000 and over	5,595	4,855	745	8.6	13.9	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,240	43,855	42,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,375	41,495	39,885	94.4	94.6	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	62,800	34,000	45,200	62,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,595	41,525	40,070	94.6	94.7	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	54,000	31,000	40,400	54,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,305	39,105	35,195	86.2	89.2	83.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	62,400	31,800	44,400	62,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,470	35,710	30,755	77.1	81.4	72.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	64,000	32,800	45,600	64,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,260	21,890	29,370	59.4	49.9	69.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,750	6,900	6,850	6,750	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,275	4,240	4,035	9.6	9.7	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,640	6,240	5,920	5,640	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,025	43,775	42,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,145	41,390	39,760	94.3	94.6	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,650	73,300	41,440	57,650	73,300	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,395	41,420	39,970	94.6	94.6	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	59,000	35,920	47,680	59,000	35,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,155	38,995	35,155	86.2	89.1	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,900	72,600	39,480	56,900	72,600	39,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,365	35,655	30,710	77.1	81.5	72.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,050	70,700	39,000	56,050	70,700	39,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,015	21,640	29,380	59.3	49.4	69.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,060	9,340	8,840	9,060	9,340	8,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,460	4,240	4,220	9.8	9.7	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,140	8,050	7,600	7,140	8,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,025	43,775	42,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,680	17,175	12,505	34.5	39.2	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	82,000	52,800	67,500	82,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	90,200	57,200	76,300	90,200	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,190	12,885	12,305	29.3	29.4	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,800	49,200	24,200	32,800	49,200	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,280	61,400	30,400	46,280	61,400	30,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	93.4	84.2	90.2	93.4	84.2
Employment income (%)	79.4	83.2	72.6	79.4	83.2	72.6
Government transfers (%)	9.9	6.7	15.8	9.9	6.7	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.1	1.4	1.0	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,850	...	...	58,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,040	...	...	50,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	840	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,615	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,375	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,300	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,470	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,470	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,440	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,935	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,840	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,780	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,735	...	...	46.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,655	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,555	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,910	...	...	13.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,620	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	875	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,695	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,675	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,625	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,700	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,560	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,415	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,295	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,145	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,975	...	...	37.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,345	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,445	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,180	...	...	13.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,510	10,435	8,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	52,800	38,000	45,200	52,800	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,800	35,600	40,800	46,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...	118,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...	154,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,900	...	...	69,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,475	10,335	8,140	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,750	62,700	46,920	55,750	62,700	46,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	52,350	41,520	47,600	52,350	41,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,955	54,550	52,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,485	12,675	11,810	22.9	23.2	22.5
0 to 5 years	8,005	4,070	3,935	7.5	7.5	7.5
18 to 64 years	67,390	34,350	33,035	63.0	63.0	63.0
65 years and over	15,080	7,525	7,555	14.1	13.8	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,315	4,845	5,470	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,675	1,390	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	930	485	445	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,270	2,455	2,810	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,375	1,000	1,375	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.9	10.4	9.6	8.9	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.9	10.9	11.0	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	12.0	11.3	11.6	12.0	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.2	8.5	7.8	7.2	8.5
65 years and over (%)	15.8	13.3	18.2	15.8	13.3	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,910	53,535	51,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,975	12,365	11,610	22.9	23.1	22.6
0 to 5 years	7,860	3,980	3,880	7.5	7.4	7.6
18 to 64 years	66,145	33,795	32,350	63.0	63.1	63.0
65 years and over	14,790	7,370	7,420	14.1	13.8	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,975	1,530	1,445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	700	365	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	120	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,020	1,040	980	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	125	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,955	54,550	52,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,990	22,895	24,095	43.9	42.0	46.0
In bottom decile	9,635	4,590	5,040	9.0	8.4	9.6
In second decile	8,960	4,230	4,735	8.4	7.8	9.0
In third decile	9,105	4,460	4,640	8.5	8.2	8.9
In fourth decile	9,265	4,595	4,670	8.7	8.4	8.9
In fifth decile	10,030	5,020	5,010	9.4	9.2	9.6
In top half of the distribution	59,965	31,650	28,310	56.1	58.0	54.0
In sixth decile	10,750	5,550	5,200	10.1	10.2	9.9
In seventh decile	11,715	6,085	5,640	11.0	11.2	10.8
In eighth decile	12,135	6,390	5,750	11.3	11.7	11.0
In ninth decile	13,205	7,020	6,180	12.3	12.9	11.8
In top decile	12,150	6,615	5,540	11.4	12.1	10.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,950	...	...	106,950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,105	55,190	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	102,990	52,885	50,105	95.3	95.8	94.7
French only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,580	2,070	2,510	4.2	3.8	4.7
Neither English nor French	505	225	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,105	55,190	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,540	54,405	52,140	98.6	98.6	98.5
French	1,010	545	470	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	465	205	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,105	55,190	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,955	54,135	51,820	98.0	98.1	97.9
Official languages	96,210	49,430	46,775	89.0	89.6	88.4
English	95,050	48,825	46,225	87.9	88.5	87.4
French	1,160	610	550	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	9,745	4,705	5,040	9.0	8.5	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,295	4,505	4,795	8.6	8.2	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,660	665	990	1.5	1.2	1.9
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,395	565	835	1.3	1.0	1.6
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	215	135	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,365	3,205	3,160	5.9	5.8	6.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,415	715	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,400	710	695	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,005	510	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,990	1,445	1,545	2.8	2.6	2.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,970	945	1,030	1.8	1.7	1.9
German	1,865	890	975	1.7	1.6	1.8
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	915	460	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	505	250	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,300	720	580	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,245	695	555	1.2	1.3	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	145	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	875	475	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	615	300	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,150	1,055	1,095	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	350	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,515	745	765	1.4	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,105	55,190	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	97,860	50,205	47,660	90.5	91.0	90.1
French	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,590	1,305	1,280	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,540	1,285	1,260	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and French	605	275	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	6,575	3,160	3,415	6.1	5.7	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,105	55,190	52,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,635	54,480	52,155	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	101,570	51,900	49,665	94.0	94.0	93.9
English	101,315	51,775	49,535	93.7	93.8	93.6
French	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,070	2,575	2,495	4.7	4.7	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,960	2,520	2,440	4.6	4.6	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	905	420	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	795	370	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,415	1,770	1,645	3.2	3.2	3.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	885	475	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	880	465	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	800	420	375	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,360	675	685	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	885	435	450	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	860	425	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	960	520	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	935	510	420	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	700	375	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,465	710	760	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	645	690	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,105	55,190	52,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,885	52,220	49,670	94.2	94.6	93.9
English	2,080	1,055	1,030	1.9	1.9	1.9
French	480	210	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	2,930	1,360	1,575	2.7	2.5	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	2,670	1,240	1,425	2.5	2.2	2.7
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	325	135	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,870	54,520	52,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,500	54,360	52,140	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	106,490	54,360	52,130	99.6	99.7	99.6
French	4,565	2,015	2,550	4.3	3.7	4.9
Non-official languages	13,535	6,705	6,830	12.7	12.3	13.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	980	465	515	0.9	0.9	1.0
Algonquian languages	475	255	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	465	250	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	465	250	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	270	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	530	220	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	525	220	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,575	6,245	6,330	11.8	11.5	12.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,300	935	1,365	2.2	1.7	2.6
Bikol	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,215	900	1,310	2.1	1.7	2.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	355	230	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	285	175	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,255	4,370	3,885	7.7	8.0	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,630	915	715	1.5	1.7	1.4
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,625	905	715	1.5	1.7	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	1,105	610	495	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,700	1,845	1,855	3.5	3.4	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,375	1,185	1,190	2.2	2.2	2.3
German	2,255	1,120	1,135	2.1	2.1	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,195	590	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	740	375	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,845	1,070	770	1.7	2.0	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,810	1,055	755	1.7	1.9	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	855	470	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,330	770	560	1.2	1.4	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,405	725	680	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	920	480	440	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	285	95	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	245	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	495	245	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,865	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,670	8,300	8,370	15.6	15.2	16.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,185	8,065	8,120	15.1	14.8	15.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,210	4,555	4,650	8.6	8.4	8.9
Métis	6,820	3,420	3,400	6.4	6.3	6.5
Inuk (Inuit)	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	90,195	46,220	43,975	84.4	84.8	84.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,865	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,985	3,445	3,540	6.5	6.3	6.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,880	51,075	48,805	93.5	93.7	93.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,915	...	...	70.9	...	...
Renter	12,400	...	...	27.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	680	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,970	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	43,025	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,755	...	...	8.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,420	...	...	23.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,670	...	...	34.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,925	...	...	33.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,380	...	...	23.1	...	...
5 rooms	7,685	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	6,900	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,780	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,255	...	...	31.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,365	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	630	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,475	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,520	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,890	...	...	10.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,200	...	...	38.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,180	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,695	...	...	14.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,160	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,960	...	...	6.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,800	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,110	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,415	...	...	92.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,585	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,470	...	...	54.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,855	...	...	41.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,670	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,005	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,950	...	...	17.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,455	...	...	18.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,725	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,080	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,230	...	...	13.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,715	...	...	6.0	...	...
85 years and over	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,830	...	...	85.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,110	...	...	14.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,460	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,350	...	...	23.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,435	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,225	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,850	...	...	6.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,645	...	...	77.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,985	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	39,300	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.4	...	...	63.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312	...	...	1,312	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,200	...	...	361,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,285	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.1	...	...	25.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,099	...	...	1,099	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	680	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...	472	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,865	54,525	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,215	3,570	3,645	6.8	6.5	7.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,975	3,460	3,515	6.5	6.3	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,470	2,695	2,770	5.1	4.9	5.3
Métis single ancestry	1,435	730	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit single ancestry	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,180	5,000	5,180	9.5	9.2	9.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,750	4,800	4,945	9.1	8.8	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,435	3,240	3,195	6.0	5.9	6.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,200	1,495	1,710	3.0	2.7	3.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	435	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	435	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,470	45,950	43,520	83.7	84.3	83.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,865	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,500	51,770	49,730	95.0	95.0	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,015	12,315	11,705	22.5	22.6	22.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,480	39,455	38,025	72.5	72.4	72.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,365	2,750	2,615	5.0	5.0	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,865	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,975	49,120	46,845	89.8	90.1	89.5
Immigrants⁸¹	9,165	4,395	4,770	8.6	8.1	9.1
Before 1980	2,575	1,310	1,265	2.4	2.4	2.4
1980 to 1990	740	300	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
1991 to 2000	1,035	495	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,355	595	765	1.3	1.1	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,460	1,690	1,765	3.2	3.1	3.4
2011 to 2015	1,555	690	860	1.5	1.3	1.6
2016 to 2021	1,900	1,000	905	1.8	1.8	1.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	1,005	730	1.6	1.8	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,165	4,395	4,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,090	510	580	11.9	11.6	12.2
5 to 14 years	1,880	1,045	835	20.5	23.8	17.5
15 to 24 years	1,620	800	820	17.7	18.2	17.2
25 to 44 years	3,945	1,735	2,210	43.0	39.5	46.3
45 years and over	625	300	325	6.8	6.8	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,165	4,395	4,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,765	830	930	19.3	18.9	19.5
Brazil	55	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Colombia	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	25	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	75	55	1.5	1.7	1.2
Mexico	95	35	60	1.0	0.8	1.3
Peru	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,285	600	685	14.0	13.7	14.4
Other places of birth in Americas	100	45	60	1.1	1.0	1.3
Europe	3,090	1,585	1,510	33.7	36.1	31.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	60	40	20	0.7	0.9	0.4
France	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Germany	715	300	415	7.8	6.8	8.7
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italy	55	40	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Netherlands	170	90	85	1.9	2.0	1.8
Poland	100	50	55	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portugal	85	50	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
Romania	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	200	75	120	2.2	1.7	2.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	80	45	40	0.9	1.0	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	895	460	430	9.8	10.5	9.0
Other places of birth in Europe	595	355	245	6.5	8.1	5.1
Africa	545	255	285	5.9	5.8	6.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	210	95	115	2.3	2.2	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	140	70	75	1.5	1.6	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	125	50	75	1.4	1.1	1.6
Asia	3,595	1,620	1,975	39.2	36.9	41.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	225	100	125	2.5	2.3	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	145	65	80	1.6	1.5	1.7
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	1,950	790	1,155	21.3	18.0	24.2
Viet Nam	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	705	385	320	7.7	8.8	6.7
Pakistan	95	55	45	1.0	1.3	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	290	145	150	3.2	3.3	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	170	105	70	1.9	2.4	1.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,905	995	905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	265	150	120	13.9	15.1	13.3
Brazil	20	15	10	1.0	1.5	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	55	20	3.9	5.5	2.2
Mexico	25	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.2
United States of America	125	65	65	6.6	6.5	7.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Europe	155	105	55	8.1	10.6	6.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1.3	1.5	1.1
Ukraine	45	25	20	2.4	2.5	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	1.6	1.5	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	45	30	15	2.4	3.0	1.7
Africa	100	35	65	5.2	3.5	7.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	25	40	3.4	2.5	4.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	0	25	1.6	0.0	2.8
Asia	1,335	680	655	70.1	68.3	72.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	435	255	180	22.8	25.6	19.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	2.6	2.5	2.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Philippines	720	345	370	37.8	34.7	40.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30	2.4	1.5	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	35	30	10	1.8	3.0	1.1
Australia	30	25	10	1.6	2.5	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,870	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,545	5,790	5,755	10.8	10.6	11.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,695	7,340	7,350	13.8	13.5	14.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,635	41,390	39,245	75.5	75.9	75.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,590	3,085	3,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,380	2,195	2,185	66.5	71.2	62.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,900	1,090	810	28.8	35.3	23.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,480	1,100	1,380	37.6	35.7	39.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,940	720	1,220	29.4	23.3	34.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	210	145	70	3.2	4.7	2.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	30	25	0.8	1.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,590	3,085	3,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	60	10	1.1	1.9	0.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,525	670	855	23.1	21.7	24.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	130	100	3.5	4.2	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	610	360	250	9.3	11.7	7.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,110	1,855	2,260	62.4	60.1	64.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,865	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,475	4,110	4,370	7.9	7.5	8.3
South Asian	2,380	1,360	1,020	2.2	2.5	1.9
Chinese	700	355	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black	1,020	510	515	1.0	0.9	1.0
Filipino	2,755	1,115	1,635	2.6	2.0	3.1
Arab	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	310	105	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Asian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	265	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	270	130	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,390	50,415	47,980	92.1	92.5	91.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,870	54,520	52,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,950	8,985	7,960	15.9	16.5	15.2
English	25,585	12,500	13,080	23.9	22.9	25.0
Irish	18,325	8,625	9,700	17.1	15.8	18.5
Scottish	20,775	10,045	10,730	19.4	18.4	20.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,445	5,635	5,810	10.7	10.3	11.1
German	19,590	9,905	9,690	18.3	18.2	18.5
Chinese	995	510	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	2,460	1,155	1,305	2.3	2.1	2.5
Indian (India)	1,435	830	605	1.3	1.5	1.2
Ukrainian	6,065	3,065	3,000	5.7	5.6	5.7
Dutch	4,650	2,290	2,360	4.4	4.2	4.5
Polish	3,065	1,480	1,585	2.9	2.7	3.0
Québécois	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,375	1,805	1,570	3.2	3.3	3.0
Filipino	2,685	1,095	1,590	2.5	2.0	3.0
French Canadian	1,305	660	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,025	1,530	1,490	2.8	2.8	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,785	2,410	2,380	4.5	4.4	4.5
Métis	5,305	2,530	2,775	5.0	4.6	5.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,565	1,360	1,200	2.4	2.5	2.3
Russian	3,610	1,885	1,730	3.4	3.5	3.3
Norwegian	5,805	2,960	2,850	5.4	5.4	5.4
Welsh	2,620	1,250	1,370	2.5	2.3	2.6
Portuguese	630	300	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	2,555	1,285	1,270	2.4	2.4	2.4
Spanish	560	255	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	3,710	1,695	2,010	3.5	3.1	3.8
Hungarian	1,230	630	605	1.2	1.2	1.2
Acadian	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	275	130	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	375	240	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	290	170	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	390	185	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	3,000	1,470	1,525	2.8	2.7	2.9
Korean	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	615	255	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	380	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,575	630	940	1.5	1.2	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,500	770	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	270	175	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austrian	1,015	555	465	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgian	380	225	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	270	135	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	1,250	625	625	1.2	1.1	1.2
Swiss	990	550	445	0.9	1.0	0.9
Finnish	720	330	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	410	220	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,165	560	610	1.1	1.0	1.2
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	610	330	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	550	325	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syrian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	250	155	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	290	170	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	245	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	675	365	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,865	54,520	52,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	39,630	18,735	20,885	37.1	34.4	39.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,645	6,195	6,450	11.8	11.4	12.3
Anabaptist	1,330	695	635	1.2	1.3	1.2
Anglican	2,390	1,025	1,365	2.2	1.9	2.6
Baptist	1,515	650	865	1.4	1.2	1.7
Catholic	11,540	5,650	5,890	10.8	10.4	11.3
Christian Orthodox	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	785	325	460	0.7	0.6	0.9
Latter Day Saints	440	200	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lutheran	1,255	585	675	1.2	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,460	650	810	1.4	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	445	195	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,445	1,040	1,405	2.3	1.9	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,800	1,255	1,545	2.6	2.3	3.0
Hindu	545	295	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	380	200	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	1,025	615	410	1.0	1.1	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	420	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	935	360	570	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	63,660	33,975	29,685	59.6	62.3	56.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,640	53,875	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,080	46,625	44,455	86.2	86.5	85.9
Movers	14,560	7,250	7,310	13.8	13.5	14.1
Non-migrants	9,900	4,890	5,005	9.4	9.1	9.7
Migrants	4,665	2,360	2,305	4.4	4.4	4.5
Internal migrants	4,250	2,175	2,070	4.0	4.0	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,635	1,365	1,270	2.5	2.5	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,610	810	800	1.5	1.5	1.5
External migrants	415	180	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	100,325	51,155	49,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,000	30,180	28,820	58.8	59.0	58.6
Movers	41,320	20,970	20,350	41.2	41.0	41.4
Non-migrants	18,025	9,180	8,845	18.0	17.9	18.0
Migrants	23,295	11,790	11,505	23.2	23.0	23.4
Internal migrants	20,700	10,395	10,300	20.6	20.3	20.9
Intraprovincial migrants	15,085	7,465	7,620	15.0	14.6	15.5
Interprovincial migrants	5,620	2,935	2,680	5.6	5.7	5.5
External migrants	2,595	1,395	1,210	2.6	2.7	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,025	43,775	42,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,290	11,590	8,700	23.6	26.5	20.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,730	32,185	33,545	76.4	73.5	79.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,865	29,730	29,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,320	6,185	4,135	17.5	20.8	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,545	23,540	25,000	82.5	79.2	85.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,020	43,775	42,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,635	9,680	7,955	20.5	22.1	18.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,000	13,925	15,075	33.7	31.8	35.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,385	20,165	19,220	45.8	46.1	45.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,105	15,820	12,285	32.7	36.1	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,280	9,280	2,005	13.1	21.2	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,715	2,460	1,255	4.3	5.6	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,575	6,820	750	8.8	15.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,945	5,890	9,055	17.4	13.5	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,875	655	1,225	2.2	1.5	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,280	4,340	6,935	13.1	9.9	16.4
Bachelor's degree	8,030	2,975	5,055	9.3	6.8	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	305	470	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	175	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	1,925	775	1,150	2.2	1.8	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,860	29,725	29,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,705	4,990	3,715	14.8	16.8	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,260	9,290	9,970	32.7	31.3	34.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,900	15,450	15,450	52.5	52.0	53.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,405	11,995	9,415	36.4	40.4	32.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,470	7,025	1,450	14.4	23.6	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,750	1,840	910	4.7	6.2	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,725	5,185	540	9.7	17.4	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,565	4,490	7,070	19.6	15.1	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	480	885	2.3	1.6	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,495	3,455	6,035	16.1	11.6	20.7
Bachelor's degree	6,815	2,440	4,375	11.6	8.2	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	615	225	395	1.0	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	95	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,650	615	1,035	2.8	2.1	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,020	43,775	42,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,635	23,610	23,030	54.2	53.9	54.5
Education	2,690	480	2,215	3.1	1.1	5.2
13. Education	2,690	480	2,215	3.1	1.1	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	250	385	0.7	0.6	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	560	195	365	0.7	0.4	0.9
Humanities	1,340	535	805	1.6	1.2	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	270	50	220	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	115	240	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	175	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	180	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,705	765	1,945	3.1	1.7	4.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	50	670	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	290	90	200	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	495	100	400	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	890	425	465	1.0	1.0	1.1
Business, management and public administration	6,610	1,765	4,840	7.7	4.0	11.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	835	130	705	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,760	1,635	4,130	6.7	3.7	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	515	545	1.2	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	430	170	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	290	190	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	390	290	0.8	0.9	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	565	340	225	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,085	12,105	980	15.2	27.7	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	100	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	910	720	195	1.1	1.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,640	2,330	315	3.1	5.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,350	3,235	120	3.9	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,175	3,975	200	4.9	9.1	0.5
48. Precision production	1,910	1,810	100	2.2	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,110	1,240	870	2.5	2.8	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	710	340	370	0.8	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,405	900	500	1.6	2.1	1.2
Health and related fields	5,855	850	5,005	6.8	1.9	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	130	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,450	680	4,770	6.3	1.6	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,615	1,275	1,335	3.0	2.9	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,505	310	1,190	1.7	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	260	180	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	845	785	60	1.0	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,865	29,730	29,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,960	14,275	13,685	47.5	48.0	47.0
Education	1,950	305	1,645	3.3	1.0	5.6
13. Education	1,950	305	1,645	3.3	1.0	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	530	215	310	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	475	175	300	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	1,010	375	635	1.7	1.3	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	210	35	170	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	55	190	0.4	0.2	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	145	110	45	0.2	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,270	610	1,660	3.9	2.1	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	590	45	550	1.0	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	245	60	190	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	395	60	340	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	765	375	390	1.3	1.3	1.3
Business, management and public administration	5,235	1,305	3,930	8.9	4.4	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	700	110	590	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,525	1,195	3,335	7.7	4.0	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	885	400	480	1.5	1.3	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	145	240	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	145	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	575	330	245	1.0	1.1	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	495	305	190	0.8	1.0	0.7
25. Library science	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,120	9,275	845	17.2	31.2	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	790	610	180	1.3	2.1	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,160	1,900	260	3.7	6.4	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,445	95	4.3	8.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,115	2,950	165	5.3	9.9	0.6
48. Precision production	1,425	1,345	85	2.4	4.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,650	925	725	2.8	3.1	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	190	280	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,175	740	440	2.0	2.5	1.5
Health and related fields	4,575	640	3,935	7.8	2.2	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	85	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,280	530	3,750	7.3	1.8	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,085	1,055	1,025	3.5	3.5	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	270	915	2.0	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	155	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	635	50	1.2	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,865	29,730	29,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,960	14,275	13,685	47.5	48.0	47.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,900	15,450	15,450	52.5	52.0	53.0
Location of study inside Canada	27,295	13,950	13,350	46.4	46.9	45.8
Same as province or territory of residence	20,290	10,450	9,840	34.5	35.1	33.8
Different than province or territory of residence	7,000	3,495	3,505	11.9	11.8	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,605	1,500	2,100	6.1	5.0	7.2
Americas	625	215	400	1.1	0.7	1.4
United States of America	500	180	320	0.8	0.6	1.1
Mexico	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	670	325	345	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	50	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	140	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	265	120	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nigeria	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,955	800	1,155	3.3	2.7	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,100	400	705	1.9	1.3	2.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	555	275	280	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,020	43,775	42,250	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,890	32,165	26,725	...	...	...
Employed	53,610	29,025	24,585	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,280	3,135	2,140	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,135	11,615	15,525	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.5	73.5	63.3	68.5	73.5	63.3
Employment rate	62.3	66.3	58.2	62.3	66.3	58.2
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.7	8.0	9.0	9.7	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,020	43,775	42,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,165	11,720	15,445	31.6	26.8	36.6
Worked	58,860	32,055	26,805	68.4	73.2	63.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,615	17,735	12,880	35.6	40.5	30.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,245	14,320	13,930	32.8	32.7	33.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.6	41.4	42.1	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,885	32,165	26,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	535	495	1.7	1.7	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,855	31,630	26,225	98.3	98.3	98.1
Employee	49,485	26,415	23,065	84.0	82.1	86.3
Permanent position	42,120	22,875	19,250	71.5	71.1	72.0
Temporary position	7,360	3,545	3,820	12.5	11.0	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,090	915	1,175	3.5	2.8	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,275	2,630	2,645	9.0	8.2	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,370	5,210	3,165	14.2	16.2	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,885	32,165	26,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	535	495	1.7	1.7	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,855	31,630	26,225	98.3	98.3	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	390	225	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,050	1,525	6,530	13.7	4.7	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,250	2,425	825	5.5	7.5	3.1
3 Health occupations	3,325	515	2,810	5.6	1.6	10.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,420	1,700	4,725	10.9	5.3	17.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	920	325	600	1.6	1.0	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	12,970	4,945	8,020	22.0	15.4	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,285	13,915	1,370	26.0	43.3	5.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,990	3,190	805	6.8	9.9	3.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,245	2,865	380	5.5	8.9	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,885	32,165	26,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	535	495	1.7	1.7	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	57,855	31,630	26,225	98.3	98.3	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,340	2,315	1,025	5.7	7.2	3.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,400	3,655	745	7.5	11.4	2.8
22 Utilities	730	585	150	1.2	1.8	0.6
23 Construction	6,365	5,310	1,055	10.8	16.5	3.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,630	2,935	695	6.2	9.1	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,790	1,305	480	3.0	4.1	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,905	2,745	3,155	10.0	8.5	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,805	2,840	970	6.5	8.8	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	530	225	305	0.9	0.7	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,015	225	790	1.7	0.7	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	835	410	420	1.4	1.3	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,625	1,290	1,340	4.5	4.0	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,885	955	925	3.2	3.0	3.5
61 Educational services	3,950	855	3,090	6.7	2.7	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,910	830	5,080	10.0	2.6	19.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	325	555	1.5	1.0	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,725	1,460	2,265	6.3	4.5	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,010	1,745	1,270	5.1	5.4	4.8
91 Public administration	3,515	1,600	1,910	6.0	5.0	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,690	34,535	29,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,665	34,040	28,625	98.4	98.6	98.2
French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	165	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	235	105	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	570	280	290	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,690	34,535	29,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,600	34,490	29,115	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	63,325	34,330	28,995	99.4	99.4	99.5
English	63,235	34,310	28,925	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	90	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	280	160	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	155	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	130	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	115	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,690	34,535	29,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,960	34,195	28,765	98.9	99.0	98.7
English	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	360	165	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	300	140	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,610	29,025	24,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,315	2,555	3,765	11.8	8.8	15.3
Worked outside Canada	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	10,465	8,280	2,185	19.5	28.5	8.9
Usual place of work	36,790	18,170	18,630	68.6	62.6	75.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,795	18,165	18,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,520	12,040	13,480	69.4	66.3	72.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,305	4,955	4,355	25.3	27.3	23.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,650	960	690	4.5	5.3	3.7
Commute to a different province or territory	315	220	100	0.9	1.2	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,260	26,445	20,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,175	24,525	18,645	91.4	92.7	89.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,300	23,175	17,125	85.3	87.6	82.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,875	1,355	1,520	6.1	5.1	7.3
Public transit	670	370	300	1.4	1.4	1.4
Walked	2,370	975	1,395	5.0	3.7	6.7
Bicycle	255	180	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	785	390	395	1.7	1.5	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,260	26,445	20,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,910	11,830	12,085	50.6	44.7	58.1
15 to 29 minutes	14,210	7,855	6,355	30.1	29.7	30.5
30 to 44 minutes	4,380	2,850	1,530	9.3	10.8	7.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,315	965	355	2.8	3.6	1.7
60 minutes and over	3,445	2,950	490	7.3	11.2	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,260	26,445	20,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,945	3,075	865	8.3	11.6	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,330	6,765	2,570	19.7	25.6	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,870	7,270	5,600	27.2	27.5	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,125	3,685	6,440	21.4	13.9	30.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,320	1,530	2,790	9.1	5.8	13.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,670	4,120	2,545	14.1	15.6	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,950	12,910	12,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,380	695	680	5.5	5.4	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,580	12,215	11,365	94.5	94.6	94.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,930	9,345	8,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	515	510	5.7	5.5	5.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	255	270	3.0	2.7	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	260	240	2.8	2.8	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,900	8,825	8,075	94.3	94.4	94.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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