Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Moody--CoquitlamMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	114,853	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	110,817	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,110	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,004	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,206.9	...	...	1,206.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	95.16	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,855	57,100	57,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,915	8,695	8,220	14.7	15.2	14.2
0 to 4 years	4,880	2,505	2,370	4.2	4.4	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,585	2,855	2,725	4.9	5.0	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,455	3,335	3,120	5.6	5.8	5.4
15 to 64 years	79,480	39,575	39,905	69.2	69.3	69.1
15 to 19 years	6,615	3,410	3,205	5.8	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	7,255	3,795	3,460	6.3	6.6	6.0
25 to 29 years	7,615	3,990	3,620	6.6	7.0	6.3
30 to 34 years	8,195	4,265	3,935	7.1	7.5	6.8
35 to 39 years	8,020	3,960	4,060	7.0	6.9	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,800	3,755	4,050	6.8	6.6	7.0
45 to 49 years	8,085	3,825	4,255	7.0	6.7	7.4
50 to 54 years	9,025	4,320	4,700	7.9	7.6	8.1
55 to 59 years	8,960	4,400	4,555	7.8	7.7	7.9
60 to 64 years	7,910	3,845	4,065	6.9	6.7	7.0
65 years and over	18,460	8,830	9,630	16.1	15.5	16.7
65 to 69 years	6,285	3,110	3,175	5.5	5.4	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,765	2,290	2,475	4.1	4.0	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,195	1,525	1,670	2.8	2.7	2.9
80 to 84 years	2,225	1,045	1,180	1.9	1.8	2.0
85 years and over	1,995	860	1,130	1.7	1.5	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,275	585	695	1.1	1.0	1.2
90 to 94 years	555	235	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
95 to 99 years	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.2	14.2	14.7	15.2	14.2
15 to 64 years	69.2	69.3	69.1	69.2	69.3	69.1
65 years and over	16.1	15.5	16.7	16.1	15.5	16.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
Average age of the population	41.5	40.8	42.2	41.5	40.8	42.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,180	...	...	36.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,360	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	4,270	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,505	...	...	14.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,290	...	...	23.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,055	...	...	11.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	335	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,565	...	...	24.0	...	...
2 persons	14,235	...	...	32.3	...	...
3 persons	7,985	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	7,380	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,845	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,900	56,640	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,940	48,400	49,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,000	28,900	29,100	59.2	59.7	58.7
Married	50,015	24,895	25,120	51.1	51.4	50.7
Living common-law	7,985	4,005	3,985	8.2	8.3	8.0
Living common law - Never married	6,045	3,030	3,015	6.2	6.3	6.1
Living common law - Separated	295	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,520	755	760	1.6	1.6	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	39,940	19,505	20,440	40.8	40.3	41.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,245	15,600	12,640	28.8	32.2	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,325	995	1,335	2.4	2.1	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,500	2,065	3,435	5.6	4.3	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,870	835	3,030	4.0	1.7	6.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,495	...	...	46.9	...	...
3 persons	8,095	...	...	24.5	...	...
4 persons	7,450	...	...	22.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,010	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,220	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	24,225	...	...	73.3	...	...
With children⁶	14,490	...	...	43.8	...	...
Without children	9,740	...	...	29.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,995	...	...	12.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,220	...	...	3.7	...	...
Without children	2,775	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,835	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,760	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,070	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,895	56,635	57,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	95,630	47,590	48,040	84.0	84.0	83.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,435	28,210	28,225	49.6	49.8	49.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,830	1,070	3,765	4.2	1.9	6.6
Children⁶	34,360	18,315	16,050	30.2	32.3	28.0
In a two-parent family	27,205	14,420	12,785	23.9	25.5	22.3
In a one-parent family	7,160	3,895	3,265	6.3	6.9	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,265	9,045	9,220	16.0	16.0	16.1
Living alone	10,565	5,135	5,430	9.3	9.1	9.5
Living with other relatives⁷	3,095	1,235	1,865	2.7	2.2	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	4,610	2,680	1,925	4.0	4.7	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,615	...	...	62.8	...	...
Couple-family households	23,935	...	...	54.4	...	...
With children⁶	13,445	...	...	30.6	...	...
Without children	10,490	...	...	23.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,680	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,720	...	...	3.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	500	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,750	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,860	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	10,560	...	...	24.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,990	47,945	49,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,850	46,450	47,400	96.8	96.9	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,600	38,400	44,000	51,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,905	46,475	47,430	96.8	96.9	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	35,200	40,000	45,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,595	42,920	42,665	88.3	89.5	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,200	32,000	40,000	49,200	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,460	35,765	33,700	71.6	74.6	68.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,800	36,000	44,000	52,800	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,575	34,180	40,395	76.9	71.3	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,550	8,600	8,200	7,550	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,640	3,440	4,195	7.9	7.2	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,760	5,480	5,320	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,920	12,475	13,445	26.7	26.0	27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,005	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,965	46,460	47,505	96.9	96.8	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,600	69,000	48,440	58,600	69,000	48,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,000	46,465	47,525	96.9	96.8	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,680	55,950	41,560	48,680	55,950	41,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,800	43,175	42,625	88.4	90.0	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,400	66,500	44,120	55,400	66,500	44,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,435	35,835	33,600	71.6	74.7	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	67,000	45,080	56,400	67,000	45,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,600	34,065	40,535	76.9	71.0	82.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,080	9,730	10,380	10,080	9,730	10,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,500	3,475	4,025	7.7	7.2	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,555	7,160	6,420	5,555	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,005	12,395	13,615	26.8	25.8	27.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,430	9,360	9,490	9,430	9,360	9,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,005	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,930	19,435	14,495	35.0	40.5	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	78,500	62,800	71,000	78,500	62,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,500	95,700	71,800	85,500	95,700	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,890	12,425	14,465	27.7	25.9	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,200	16,600	18,400	21,200	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	35,760	26,400	30,720	35,760	26,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	89.6	81.8	86.4	89.6	81.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	75.0	65.8	71.2	75.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.3	18.3	13.6	10.3	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.3	6.9	5.4	4.3	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.6	5.6	4.5	3.6	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,990	47,945	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,140	1,500	1,645	3.2	3.1	3.4
With total income	93,850	46,450	47,400	96.8	96.9	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,085	4,390	5,700	10.7	9.5	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,975	4,190	5,790	10.6	9.0	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	12,710	5,455	7,255	13.5	11.7	15.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,270	4,470	5,800	10.9	9.6	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,265	4,145	5,120	9.9	8.9	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,220	3,875	4,345	8.8	8.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,810	3,485	3,320	7.3	7.5	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,275	2,855	2,420	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,425	2,465	1,965	4.7	5.3	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,685	2,125	1,555	3.9	4.6	3.3
$100,000 and over	13,135	9,005	4,135	14.0	19.4	8.7
$100,000 to $149,999	8,440	5,440	2,995	9.0	11.7	6.3
$150,000 and over	4,700	3,565	1,135	5.0	7.7	2.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,990	47,945	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,085	1,465	1,615	3.2	3.1	3.3
With after-tax income	93,900	46,480	47,425	96.8	96.9	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,430	4,510	5,920	11.1	9.7	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,295	4,340	5,955	11.0	9.3	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	14,350	6,160	8,190	15.3	13.3	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,940	5,295	6,650	12.7	11.4	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,040	5,095	5,945	11.8	11.0	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,135	4,590	4,540	9.7	9.9	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,790	3,680	3,110	7.2	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,435	3,130	2,310	5.8	6.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,120	2,410	1,705	4.4	5.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	1,740	1,035	2.9	3.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,590	5,525	2,070	8.1	11.9	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,755	2,625	1,135	4.0	5.6	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,840	2,905	930	4.1	6.3	2.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,990	47,945	49,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,530	12,185	15,345	28.4	25.4	31.3
With employment income	69,465	35,765	33,695	71.6	74.6	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,125	4,115	5,010	13.1	11.5	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,440	2,340	3,105	7.8	6.5	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,230	3,180	4,050	10.4	8.9	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,400	2,445	2,960	7.8	6.8	8.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,415	2,480	2,935	7.8	6.9	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,565	2,565	3,000	8.0	7.2	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,630	2,705	2,925	8.1	7.6	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,795	2,560	2,235	6.9	7.2	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,920	2,200	1,720	5.6	6.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565	2,030	1,535	5.1	5.7	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	1,760	1,250	4.3	4.9	3.7
$100,000 and over	10,360	7,385	2,975	14.9	20.6	8.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	2,915	1,605	6.5	8.2	4.8
$125,000 and over	5,840	4,470	1,375	8.4	12.5	4.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,990	47,945	49,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,710	44,755	45,950	93.5	93.3	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	35,600	42,400	50,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,900	44,805	46,100	93.7	93.5	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	32,400	38,000	44,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,290	42,210	42,080	86.9	88.0	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,000	33,600	41,200	50,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,820	36,300	34,520	73.0	75.7	70.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,600	35,600	42,800	51,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,645	24,570	33,075	59.4	51.2	67.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,200	1,880	4,120	3,200	1,880	4,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,800	2,070	2,730	4.9	4.3	5.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,560	6,550	5,480	4,560	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,005	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,810	44,895	45,920	93.6	93.6	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,150	67,200	45,360	56,150	67,200	45,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,995	44,920	46,075	93.8	93.6	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	54,050	38,440	46,160	54,050	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,420	42,415	42,005	87.0	88.4	85.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,550	67,100	43,840	55,550	67,100	43,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,915	36,435	34,480	73.1	75.9	70.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,750	65,300	43,560	54,750	65,300	43,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,760	24,620	33,140	59.5	51.3	67.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	6,980	7,290	7,160	6,980	7,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,800	2,065	2,725	4.9	4.3	5.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,590	5,910	8,860	7,590	5,910	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,005	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,610	19,225	14,390	34.6	40.1	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	75,000	57,200	66,000	75,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,200	91,000	65,700	80,200	91,000	65,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,390	11,685	13,695	26.2	24.3	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	28,600	23,000	25,200	28,600	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,680	42,520	31,640	36,680	42,520	31,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.8	94.4	88.4	91.8	94.4	88.4
Employment income (%)	76.2	78.8	72.0	76.2	78.8	72.0
Government transfers (%)	8.1	5.7	11.6	8.1	5.7	11.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,950	...	...	59,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,080	...	...	50,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	655	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	645	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,135	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,025	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,070	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,300	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,305	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,295	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,710	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,755	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,275	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,045	...	...	50.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,200	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,115	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,865	...	...	13.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,860	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	730	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,215	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,175	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,220	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,520	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,570	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,600	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,240	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,180	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,795	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,850	...	...	42.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,625	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,270	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,960	...	...	20.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,170	7,815	7,360	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	46,800	41,600	44,000	46,800	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	41,600	38,000	40,000	41,600	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,800	...	...	173,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,135	7,690	7,445	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,650	56,300	50,920	53,650	56,300	50,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,320	47,280	43,320	45,320	47,280	43,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,900	56,640	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,815	10,650	10,165	18.3	18.8	17.8
0 to 5 years	5,940	3,055	2,885	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	75,245	37,405	37,840	66.1	66.0	66.1
65 years and over	17,835	8,580	9,255	15.7	15.1	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,320	4,840	5,480	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,100	1,065	1,040	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	595	310	290	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,255	2,960	3,290	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,970	820	1,150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.1	8.6	9.6	9.1	8.6	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.2	10.1	10.0	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.7	8.3	7.9	8.7
65 years and over (%)	11.0	9.5	12.4	11.0	9.5	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,840	56,610	57,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,800	10,640	10,160	18.3	18.8	17.8
0 to 5 years	5,935	3,050	2,885	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	75,215	37,390	37,825	66.1	66.0	66.1
65 years and over	17,830	8,580	9,250	15.7	15.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,060	3,510	3,555	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,280	650	630	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	170	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,000	2,530	2,465	...	...	...
65 years and over	785	320	460	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.8	6.5	6.7	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	4.4	3.8	5.0	4.4	3.8	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,900	56,640	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,060	21,260	22,800	38.7	37.5	39.8
In bottom decile	9,995	4,810	5,185	8.8	8.5	9.1
In second decile	7,985	3,765	4,220	7.0	6.6	7.4
In third decile	8,245	4,000	4,250	7.2	7.1	7.4
In fourth decile	8,670	4,215	4,460	7.6	7.4	7.8
In fifth decile	9,170	4,475	4,690	8.1	7.9	8.2
In top half of the distribution	69,835	35,375	34,460	61.3	62.5	60.2
In sixth decile	10,185	5,080	5,105	8.9	9.0	8.9
In seventh decile	11,515	5,795	5,725	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	13,385	6,750	6,635	11.8	11.9	11.6
In ninth decile	16,210	8,235	7,975	14.2	14.5	13.9
In top decile	18,535	9,515	9,025	16.3	16.8	15.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,895	...	...	113,895	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,030	56,680	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	102,260	51,615	50,645	89.7	91.1	88.3
French only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,835	3,425	4,415	6.9	6.0	7.7
Neither English nor French	3,895	1,625	2,270	3.4	2.9	4.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,030	56,680	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,380	54,230	54,155	95.0	95.7	94.4
French	1,145	550	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	695	320	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	3,805	1,580	2,225	3.3	2.8	3.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,030	56,680	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,935	54,235	54,700	95.5	95.7	95.4
Official languages	66,355	34,225	32,130	58.2	60.4	56.0
English	65,240	33,690	31,545	57.2	59.4	55.0
French	1,115	540	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	42,575	20,005	22,570	37.3	35.3	39.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	42,565	20,000	22,565	37.3	35.3	39.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,080	575	505	0.9	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,050	560	490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	865	460	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555	250	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	515	235	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,555	1,020	1,535	2.2	1.8	2.7
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,880	740	1,135	1.6	1.3	2.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,815	8,220	8,590	14.7	14.5	15.0
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Armenian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,940	1,915	2,025	3.5	3.4	3.5
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,895	1,890	2,005	3.4	3.3	3.5
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	185	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	180	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	770	360	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	1,485	720	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	895	465	430	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bosnian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	475	255	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	330	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,235	580	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	755	360	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	715	345	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	6,480	3,285	3,200	5.7	5.8	5.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,440	1,210	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	295	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindi	520	255	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Kacchi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,010	490	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,035	2,070	1,965	3.5	3.7	3.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,745	1,910	1,840	3.3	3.4	3.2
Dari	440	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	2,935	1,510	1,425	2.6	2.7	2.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	365	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,850	2,280	2,565	4.3	4.0	4.5
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,100	555	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	800	365	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Romanian	810	395	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,130	965	1,165	1.9	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	715	225	495	0.6	0.4	0.9
Korean	6,920	3,230	3,690	6.1	5.7	6.4
Mongolian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,780	5,920	6,860	11.2	10.4	12.0
Chinese languages	12,720	5,890	6,830	11.2	10.4	11.9
Hakka	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	7,210	3,330	3,875	6.3	5.9	6.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	400	175	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	4,850	2,265	2,585	4.3	4.0	4.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	390	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	285	145	145	0.2	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,100	2,445	2,650	4.5	4.3	4.6
English and French	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,105	1,995	2,110	3.6	3.5	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	480	210	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,030	56,680	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,310	35,970	34,340	61.7	63.5	59.9
French	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	13,940	6,490	7,450	12.2	11.5	13.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,940	6,490	7,450	12.2	11.5	13.0
English and French	870	405	470	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	26,985	12,965	14,025	23.7	22.9	24.5
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	700	295	410	0.6	0.5	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	960	440	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,030	56,680	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,385	53,995	54,385	95.0	95.3	94.8
Official languages	82,560	41,740	40,810	72.4	73.6	71.2
English	82,225	41,595	40,630	72.1	73.4	70.8
French	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	25,825	12,255	13,570	22.6	21.6	23.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,825	12,255	13,570	22.6	21.6	23.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	685	355	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	675	350	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	560	290	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,125	495	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	810	355	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,165	3,975	4,195	7.2	7.0	7.3
Albanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,955	970	985	1.7	1.7	1.7
Baltic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,925	955	970	1.7	1.7	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	995	500	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,910	1,915	1,995	3.4	3.4	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,105	530	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,805	1,385	1,420	2.5	2.4	2.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,630	1,295	1,330	2.3	2.3	2.3
Dari	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	2,125	1,055	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,080	985	1,095	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	405	195	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	350	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,155	545	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	325	115	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	5,655	2,650	3,010	5.0	4.7	5.2
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,110	4,295	4,820	8.0	7.6	8.4
Chinese languages	9,075	4,275	4,800	8.0	7.5	8.4
Hakka	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,665	2,670	2,995	5.0	4.7	5.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,075	1,455	1,625	2.7	2.6	2.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,640	2,680	2,960	4.9	4.7	5.2
English and French	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,270	2,520	2,750	4.6	4.4	4.8
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,025	56,680	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,255	44,850	44,410	78.3	79.1	77.4
English	9,900	4,810	5,090	8.7	8.5	8.9
French	810	375	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	11,305	5,370	5,935	9.9	9.5	10.3
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,280	5,360	5,925	9.9	9.5	10.3
English and French	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,135	550	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	330	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,170	545	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,890	56,600	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,050	54,970	55,085	96.6	97.1	96.2
English	110,020	54,950	55,075	96.6	97.1	96.1
French	7,810	3,455	4,350	6.9	6.1	7.6
Non-official languages	53,145	25,315	27,830	46.7	44.7	48.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	53,085	25,280	27,810	46.6	44.7	48.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,595	890	705	1.4	1.6	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,560	880	680	1.4	1.6	1.2
Amharic	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	1,215	705	510	1.1	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	690	280	410	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	640	275	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,700	1,580	2,115	3.2	2.8	3.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	405	195	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,025	1,265	1,760	2.7	2.2	3.1
Waray-Waray	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,010	11,350	11,660	20.2	20.1	20.4
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,655	2,255	2,405	4.1	4.0	4.2
Baltic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,625	2,240	2,385	4.1	4.0	4.2
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	920	420	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian	2,005	955	1,050	1.8	1.7	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,140	590	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Bosnian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	705	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	430	235	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	490	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,120	1,040	1,085	1.9	1.8	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,345	655	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	1,335	645	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	625	290	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	350	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	8,765	4,460	4,305	7.7	7.9	7.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,985	2,000	1,990	3.5	3.5	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	715	335	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hindi	1,745	900	845	1.5	1.6	1.5
Kacchi	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,610	840	770	1.4	1.5	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	515	290	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,880	2,530	2,350	4.3	4.5	4.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	310	195	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Parsi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	4,640	2,385	2,260	4.1	4.2	3.9
Dari	670	320	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	3,600	1,840	1,755	3.2	3.3	3.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	500	285	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,800	3,720	4,085	6.8	6.6	7.1
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,995	990	1,000	1.8	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	1,040	455	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Romanian	1,060	530	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	4,155	1,940	2,215	3.6	3.4	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,495	635	860	1.3	1.1	1.5
Korean	7,735	3,560	4,175	6.8	6.3	7.3
Mongolian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	465	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,940	6,995	7,945	13.1	12.4	13.9
Chinese languages	14,830	6,935	7,895	13.0	12.3	13.8
Hakka	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	10,515	4,885	5,640	9.2	8.6	9.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	755	295	460	0.7	0.5	0.8
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	6,245	2,970	3,275	5.5	5.2	5.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	595	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	480	240	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	530	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	395	205	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,895	56,605	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,020	1,505	1,520	2.7	2.7	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,890	1,445	1,440	2.5	2.6	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,500	720	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	1,370	720	650	1.2	1.3	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,870	55,095	55,770	97.3	97.3	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,895	56,605	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	925	415	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,970	56,185	56,780	99.2	99.3	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,380	...	...	69.0	...	...
Renter	13,605	...	...	30.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,510	...	...	28.4	...	...
Not condominium	31,490	...	...	71.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	465	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	6,905	...	...	15.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,125	...	...	25.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,455	...	...	26.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,055	...	...	31.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,645	...	...	37.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,670	...	...	12.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,560	...	...	10.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,090	...	...	9.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,040	...	...	29.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,715	...	...	97.1	...	...
More than one person per room	1,285	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,415	...	...	94.1	...	...
Not suitable	2,585	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,120	...	...	9.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,695	...	...	33.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,195	...	...	14.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,890	...	...	13.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,375	...	...	5.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,645	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,610	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,480	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,755	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,245	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,180	...	...	45.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,615	...	...	46.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,200	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	965	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,870	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,825	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,100	...	...	20.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,570	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,395	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,245	...	...	7.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,025	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,560	...	...	74.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,285	...	...	25.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,660	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,735	...	...	33.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,105	...	...	23.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,805	...	...	4.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,465	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	580	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	575	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,270	...	...	66.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,180	...	...	14.6	...	...
Not in core need	36,045	...	...	85.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.3	...	...	60.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,926	...	...	1,926	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000	...	...	1,200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,221,000	...	...	1,221,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.4	...	...	28.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,584	...	...	1,584	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	232	...	...	232	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	320	...	...	320	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,895	56,600	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	740	390	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	715	380	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	560	290	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,610	1,230	1,380	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,505	1,190	1,315	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,570	760	810	1.4	1.3	1.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	920	425	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,545	54,975	55,565	97.1	97.1	97.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,890	56,600	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,410	49,820	49,585	87.3	88.0	86.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,895	9,700	9,195	16.6	17.1	16.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,510	40,120	40,390	70.7	70.9	70.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	14,485	6,785	7,705	12.7	12.0	13.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,890	56,600	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,670	33,985	32,680	58.5	60.0	57.0
Immigrants⁸¹	43,350	20,745	22,600	38.1	36.7	39.4
Before 1980	6,570	3,230	3,340	5.8	5.7	5.8
1980 to 1990	4,665	2,135	2,530	4.1	3.8	4.4
1991 to 2000	10,365	5,040	5,330	9.1	8.9	9.3
2001 to 2010	11,280	5,345	5,935	9.9	9.4	10.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,465	5,000	5,470	9.2	8.8	9.5
2011 to 2015	5,290	2,495	2,795	4.6	4.4	4.9
2016 to 2021	5,180	2,500	2,675	4.5	4.4	4.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,875	1,870	2,010	3.4	3.3	3.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	43,350	20,745	22,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,600	1,810	1,785	8.3	8.7	7.9
5 to 14 years	7,580	4,100	3,485	17.5	19.8	15.4
15 to 24 years	7,260	3,495	3,760	16.7	16.8	16.6
25 to 44 years	20,520	9,255	11,265	47.3	44.6	49.8
45 years and over	4,395	2,090	2,305	10.1	10.1	10.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	43,350	20,745	22,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,345	1,535	1,815	7.7	7.4	8.0
Brazil	350	155	195	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	150	75	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
El Salvador	215	100	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	450	175	270	1.0	0.8	1.2
Peru	160	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,185	585	600	2.7	2.8	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	580	255	330	1.3	1.2	1.5
Europe	8,960	4,465	4,495	20.7	21.5	19.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	225	115	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Croatia	330	175	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
France	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	495	240	260	1.1	1.2	1.2
Greece	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	705	360	340	1.6	1.7	1.5
Netherlands	190	100	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Poland	675	310	365	1.6	1.5	1.6
Portugal	220	125	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Romania	820	410	410	1.9	2.0	1.8
Russian Federation	670	275	400	1.5	1.3	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	170	110	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Ukraine	495	245	245	1.1	1.2	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,160	1,090	1,065	5.0	5.3	4.7
Other places of birth in Europe	1,385	720	665	3.2	3.5	2.9
Africa	1,805	895	910	4.2	4.3	4.0
Algeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	455	205	250	1.0	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	975	500	480	2.2	2.4	2.1
Asia	28,610	13,550	15,065	66.0	65.3	66.7
Afghanistan	470	230	240	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	3,130	1,640	1,490	7.2	7.9	6.6
Iraq	355	200	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
Lebanon	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	225	135	85	0.5	0.7	0.4
Turkey	130	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	6,255	2,925	3,330	14.4	14.1	14.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,290	1,110	1,180	5.3	5.4	5.2
Korea, South⁹²	5,820	2,760	3,060	13.4	13.3	13.5
Taiwan	1,490	685	805	3.4	3.3	3.6
Philippines	3,030	1,290	1,740	7.0	6.2	7.7
Viet Nam	570	250	320	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,565	785	775	3.6	3.8	3.4
Pakistan	265	140	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	155	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	2,730	1,200	1,535	6.3	5.8	6.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	630	305	325	1.5	1.5	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,175	2,500	2,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	585	325	260	11.3	13.0	9.7
Brazil	210	105	100	4.1	4.2	3.7
Colombia	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Mexico	80	50	30	1.5	2.0	1.1
United States of America	155	95	65	3.0	3.8	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	80	45	35	1.5	1.8	1.3
Europe	665	305	355	12.9	12.2	13.3
France	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	10	0.8	1.0	0.4
Italy	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Russian Federation	100	45	55	1.9	1.8	2.1
Ukraine	120	50	70	2.3	2.0	2.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	55	80	2.5	2.2	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	225	115	110	4.3	4.6	4.1
Africa	330	175	150	6.4	7.0	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Eritrea	30	25	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	55	35	20	1.1	1.4	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	35	60	1.7	1.4	2.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	40	35	1.4	1.6	1.3
Asia	3,520	1,645	1,875	68.0	65.8	70.1
Afghanistan	45	30	20	0.9	1.2	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	875	425	450	16.9	17.0	16.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	40	1.7	1.8	1.5
India	285	130	150	5.5	5.2	5.6
Iran⁸⁸	465	250	220	9.0	10.0	8.2
Iraq	25	15	15	0.5	0.6	0.6
Israel	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japan	55	0	55	1.1	0.0	2.1
Jordan	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	680	285	390	13.1	11.4	14.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	20	30	0.9	0.8	1.1
Philippines	350	135	210	6.8	5.4	7.9
Saudi Arabia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	30	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	205	125	80	4.0	5.0	3.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	85	25	60	1.6	1.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Asia	205	95	115	4.0	3.8	4.3
Oceania and other⁹³	85	55	35	1.6	2.2	1.3
Australia	60	45	20	1.2	1.8	0.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,895	56,605	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	48,570	23,295	25,270	42.6	41.2	44.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,035	14,285	13,750	24.6	25.2	24.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,290	19,020	18,270	32.7	33.6	31.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	36,780	17,520	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	23,780	11,950	11,825	64.7	68.2	61.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,030	5,595	3,435	24.6	31.9	17.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,750	6,360	8,390	40.1	36.3	43.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,285	3,095	5,190	22.5	17.7	26.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,335	2,295	2,040	11.8	13.1	10.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	385	175	210	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	36,780	17,520	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,160	695	465	3.2	4.0	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,870	1,605	2,270	10.5	9.2	11.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,915	1,065	845	5.2	6.1	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,495	1,155	1,340	6.8	6.6	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	20	90	0.3	0.1	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	27,235	12,985	14,245	74.0	74.1	74.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,895	56,605	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	51,375	24,725	26,655	45.1	43.7	46.5
South Asian	5,775	2,835	2,940	5.1	5.0	5.1
Chinese	17,425	8,415	9,015	15.3	14.9	15.7
Black	1,870	995	875	1.6	1.8	1.5
Filipino	4,210	1,850	2,360	3.7	3.3	4.1
Arab	975	580	390	0.9	1.0	0.7
Latin American	2,310	1,090	1,225	2.0	1.9	2.1
Southeast Asian	1,680	760	915	1.5	1.3	1.6
West Asian	4,590	2,360	2,225	4.0	4.2	3.9
Korean	8,015	3,765	4,250	7.0	6.7	7.4
Japanese	1,585	660	930	1.4	1.2	1.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	570	260	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	2,365	1,155	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,515	31,880	30,640	54.9	56.3	53.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,890	56,600	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,290	4,875	4,410	8.2	8.6	7.7
English	19,165	9,730	9,435	16.8	17.2	16.5
Irish	11,145	5,535	5,610	9.8	9.8	9.8
Scottish	14,445	7,095	7,350	12.7	12.5	12.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,435	2,685	2,755	4.8	4.7	4.8
German	8,325	4,155	4,165	7.3	7.3	7.3
Chinese	16,400	7,850	8,550	14.4	13.9	14.9
Italian	6,785	3,505	3,285	6.0	6.2	5.7
Indian (India)	3,770	1,865	1,900	3.3	3.3	3.3
Ukrainian	4,275	2,130	2,140	3.8	3.8	3.7
Dutch	2,855	1,380	1,475	2.5	2.4	2.6
Polish	3,245	1,645	1,605	2.8	2.9	2.8
Québécois	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,435	1,735	1,700	3.0	3.1	3.0
Filipino	4,185	1,840	2,340	3.7	3.3	4.1
French Canadian	890	450	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,600	845	755	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,040	520	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	1,175	555	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,845	995	850	1.6	1.8	1.5
Russian	2,680	1,285	1,400	2.4	2.3	2.4
Norwegian	2,325	1,155	1,170	2.0	2.0	2.0
Welsh	2,030	970	1,065	1.8	1.7	1.9
Portuguese	1,235	570	665	1.1	1.0	1.2
American	1,345	685	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Spanish	1,700	795	905	1.5	1.4	1.6
Swedish	1,805	870	930	1.6	1.5	1.6
Hungarian	1,110	540	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	615	325	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	655	335	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	535	280	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	1,050	510	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	445	240	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	555	295	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,615	785	820	1.4	1.4	1.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	7,675	3,560	4,115	6.7	6.3	7.2
Romanian	1,385	710	675	1.2	1.3	1.2
Lebanese	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	3,275	1,675	1,595	2.9	3.0	2.8
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	450	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,040	485	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sikh	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	740	400	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belgian	450	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	470	250	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	1,015	485	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mennonite	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	910	440	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	1,325	700	625	1.2	1.2	1.1
Japanese	1,835	775	1,060	1.6	1.4	1.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	280	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	555	290	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	415	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	565	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	540	285	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	225	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Guyanese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	760	385	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	495	275	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ojibway	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	70	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	965	460	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Ontarian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	1,080	560	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	160	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	355	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	130	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	320	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	1,435	680	755	1.3	1.2	1.3
Iraqi	185	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Salvadorean	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	510	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	445	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	425	230	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	160	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	80	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	125	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Laotian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Fijian	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	155	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	280	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,895	56,600	57,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,795	690	1,105	1.6	1.2	1.9
Christian	43,895	20,545	23,345	38.5	36.3	40.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,415	4,750	5,665	9.1	8.4	9.9
Anabaptist	280	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	2,125	980	1,145	1.9	1.7	2.0
Baptist	1,065	480	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catholic	19,620	9,420	10,200	17.2	16.6	17.8
Christian Orthodox	2,010	1,025	985	1.8	1.8	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,065	460	605	0.9	0.8	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	820	395	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	1,140	570	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Reformed	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,440	1,005	1,440	2.1	1.8	2.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,070	930	1,135	1.8	1.6	2.0
Hindu	1,520	775	750	1.3	1.4	1.3
Jewish	395	215	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	5,205	2,610	2,595	4.6	4.6	4.5
Sikh	1,495	710	785	1.3	1.3	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,330	585	745	1.2	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	58,180	30,445	27,735	51.1	53.8	48.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,020	56,140	56,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,570	48,980	49,590	87.2	87.2	87.2
Movers	14,455	7,160	7,295	12.8	12.8	12.8
Non-migrants	6,520	3,220	3,300	5.8	5.7	5.8
Migrants	7,930	3,940	3,990	7.0	7.0	7.0
Internal migrants	6,690	3,330	3,360	5.9	5.9	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,805	2,870	2,935	5.1	5.1	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	890	460	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	1,240	610	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,990	54,045	54,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,885	32,725	33,155	60.5	60.6	60.3
Movers	43,105	21,315	21,790	39.5	39.4	39.7
Non-migrants	12,035	6,005	6,030	11.0	11.1	11.0
Migrants	31,065	15,305	15,760	28.5	28.3	28.7
Internal migrants	24,675	12,240	12,430	22.6	22.6	22.6
Intraprovincial migrants	21,510	10,615	10,895	19.7	19.6	19.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,160	1,625	1,535	2.9	3.0	2.8
External migrants	6,400	3,070	3,330	5.9	5.7	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,005	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,020	6,010	5,015	11.4	12.5	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,990	41,985	44,005	88.6	87.5	89.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,460	32,255	33,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,065	2,475	1,590	6.2	7.7	4.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,395	29,780	31,615	93.8	92.3	95.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,005	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,825	5,200	4,620	10.1	10.8	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,490	12,880	13,610	27.3	26.8	27.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,690	29,905	30,785	62.6	62.3	62.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,060	13,975	13,085	27.9	29.1	26.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,645	5,030	1,615	6.9	10.5	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,620	1,540	1,085	2.7	3.2	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,025	3,490	530	4.1	7.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,525	7,215	9,310	17.0	15.0	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,885	1,730	2,160	4.0	3.6	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,635	15,935	17,700	34.7	33.2	36.1
Bachelor's degree	22,365	10,490	11,875	23.1	21.9	24.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,300	990	1,310	2.4	2.1	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	810	415	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Master's degree	6,935	3,290	3,640	7.1	6.9	7.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,225	745	475	1.3	1.6	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,460	32,260	33,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,325	1,990	1,340	5.1	6.2	4.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,185	7,195	6,985	21.7	22.3	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,955	23,075	24,880	73.3	71.5	74.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,095	10,245	9,845	30.7	31.8	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,720	3,565	1,160	7.2	11.1	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,860	1,090	770	2.8	3.4	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,865	2,475	390	4.4	7.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,435	5,410	7,025	19.0	16.8	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,935	1,275	1,665	4.5	4.0	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,865	12,835	15,035	42.6	39.8	45.3
Bachelor's degree	18,335	8,385	9,950	28.0	26.0	30.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,920	810	1,115	2.9	2.5	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	650	315	335	1.0	1.0	1.0
Master's degree	5,955	2,720	3,235	9.1	8.4	9.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,000	600	395	1.5	1.9	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,010	47,990	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,310	18,080	18,230	37.4	37.7	37.2
Education	3,715	870	2,840	3.8	1.8	5.8
13. Education	3,715	870	2,840	3.8	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,995	1,300	1,695	3.1	2.7	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	445	315	130	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,550	985	1,565	2.6	2.1	3.2
Humanities	3,290	1,135	2,155	3.4	2.4	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	550	115	435	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	835	245	590	0.9	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	980	330	645	1.0	0.7	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	380	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	15	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,340	3,010	5,330	8.6	6.3	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,090	390	700	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	110	865	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,205	345	865	1.2	0.7	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,450	360	1,095	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	3,350	1,690	1,665	3.5	3.5	3.4
Business, management and public administration	12,830	5,715	7,115	13.2	11.9	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	115	370	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,335	5,585	6,750	12.7	11.6	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,975	1,500	1,470	3.1	3.1	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	555	655	1.3	1.2	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	670	295	375	0.7	0.6	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	950	600	345	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,265	2,275	990	3.4	4.7	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,660	1,935	725	2.7	4.0	1.5
25. Library science	125	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	415	255	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,155	10,635	1,520	12.5	22.2	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	470	320	155	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	4,610	3,720	890	4.8	7.8	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,140	1,855	285	2.2	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,465	2,395	65	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,550	1,515	45	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	915	835	80	0.9	1.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	550	505	1.1	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	270	325	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	285	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	7,650	1,700	5,950	7.9	3.5	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	720	335	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,710	1,235	5,470	6.9	2.6	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	130	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,415	1,215	1,200	2.5	2.5	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,550	495	1,060	1.6	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	250	95	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	450	50	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,465	32,255	33,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,505	9,180	8,325	26.7	28.5	25.1
Education	2,565	570	1,995	3.9	1.8	6.0
13. Education	2,565	570	1,995	3.9	1.8	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,445	1,005	1,440	3.7	3.1	4.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	215	105	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,130	790	1,345	3.3	2.4	4.1
Humanities	2,595	880	1,715	4.0	2.7	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	445	85	365	0.7	0.3	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	680	185	490	1.0	0.6	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	785	285	500	1.2	0.9	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	300	140	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,915	2,445	4,470	10.6	7.6	13.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	915	330	585	1.4	1.0	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	735	75	655	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,065	275	790	1.6	0.9	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	80	80	0.3	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,205	270	935	1.8	0.8	2.8
45. Social sciences	2,755	1,380	1,380	4.2	4.3	4.2
Business, management and public administration	10,310	4,385	5,925	15.7	13.6	17.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	80	310	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,905	4,295	5,615	15.1	13.3	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,325	1,155	1,165	3.6	3.6	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955	440	515	1.5	1.4	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	225	310	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	710	460	250	1.1	1.4	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,800	1,960	840	4.3	6.1	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,350	1,705	645	3.6	5.3	1.9
25. Library science	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	320	200	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,290	7,950	1,340	14.2	24.6	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	385	245	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	3,695	2,880	815	5.6	8.9	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,560	1,330	235	2.4	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,805	1,750	55	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,190	1,155	30	1.8	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	650	595	65	1.0	1.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	395	425	1.3	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	195	270	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	205	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	5,985	1,365	4,615	9.1	4.2	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	265	305	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,245	1,020	4,225	8.0	3.2	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,900	950	950	2.9	2.9	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,215	385	830	1.9	1.2	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	290	205	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	345	35	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,465	32,255	33,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,505	9,180	8,325	26.7	28.5	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,955	23,075	24,880	73.3	71.5	74.9
Location of study inside Canada	33,245	16,530	16,715	50.8	51.2	50.3
Same as province or territory of residence	27,905	13,795	14,115	42.6	42.8	42.5
Different than province or territory of residence	5,340	2,740	2,600	8.2	8.5	7.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,710	6,545	8,165	22.5	20.3	24.6
Americas	2,270	1,140	1,130	3.5	3.5	3.4
United States of America	1,410	765	645	2.2	2.4	1.9
Mexico	300	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	230	90	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	3,145	1,505	1,640	4.8	4.7	4.9
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	130	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Netherlands	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	355	185	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	300	110	190	0.5	0.3	0.6
Ukraine	290	150	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	925	475	450	1.4	1.5	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	395	190	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Africa	350	175	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	170	80	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	8,540	3,550	4,990	13.0	11.0	15.0
Iran⁸⁸	990	470	520	1.5	1.5	1.6
Iraq	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,155	940	1,220	3.3	2.9	3.7
Taiwan	295	95	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	225	80	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Japan	235	55	175	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	2,070	830	1,240	3.2	2.6	3.7
Philippines	1,150	450	700	1.8	1.4	2.1
Viet Nam	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	535	240	295	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pakistan	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	425	180	245	0.6	0.6	0.7
Oceania	405	175	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
Australia	320	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
New Zealand	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,005	47,990	49,015	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,065	34,175	30,890	...	...	...
Employed	59,475	31,370	28,105	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,585	2,800	2,785	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,945	13,815	18,125	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.1	71.2	63.0	67.1	71.2	63.0
Employment rate	61.3	65.4	57.3	61.3	65.4	57.3
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.2	9.0	8.6	8.2	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,010	47,995	49,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,130	14,405	18,720	34.2	30.0	38.2
Worked	63,880	33,585	30,295	65.8	70.0	61.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,070	20,205	14,870	36.2	42.1	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,805	13,385	15,425	29.7	27.9	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.5	40.2	41.4	42.5	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,065	34,175	30,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,490	725	770	2.3	2.1	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,570	33,450	30,120	97.7	97.9	97.5
Employee	53,115	27,070	26,045	81.6	79.2	84.3
Permanent position	44,680	23,175	21,505	68.7	67.8	69.6
Temporary position	8,435	3,895	4,540	13.0	11.4	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,920	1,385	1,530	4.5	4.1	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,515	2,510	3,005	8.5	7.3	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,455	6,380	4,075	16.1	18.7	13.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,065	34,175	30,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,490	725	770	2.3	2.1	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,570	33,450	30,120	97.7	97.9	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	920	660	265	1.4	1.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,750	4,265	8,485	19.6	12.5	27.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,085	5,520	1,565	10.9	16.2	5.1
3 Health occupations	4,415	1,095	3,320	6.8	3.2	10.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,655	2,595	5,055	11.8	7.6	16.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,940	1,520	1,420	4.5	4.4	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	15,590	6,990	8,605	24.0	20.5	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,090	9,240	845	15.5	27.0	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	490	375	115	0.8	1.1	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,630	1,185	440	2.5	3.5	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,065	34,175	30,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,490	725	770	2.3	2.1	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	63,570	33,450	30,120	97.7	97.9	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	205	170	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	550	330	220	0.8	1.0	0.7
23 Construction	5,730	4,860	870	8.8	14.2	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,745	2,565	1,180	5.8	7.5	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,585	1,740	850	4.0	5.1	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,975	3,135	3,840	10.7	9.2	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,920	2,155	760	4.5	6.3	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	2,585	1,715	870	4.0	5.0	2.8
52 Finance and insurance	3,160	1,480	1,675	4.9	4.3	5.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,710	930	785	2.6	2.7	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,300	4,245	3,050	11.2	12.4	9.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,245	1,345	900	3.5	3.9	2.9
61 Educational services	5,175	1,695	3,480	8.0	5.0	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,170	1,560	5,610	11.0	4.6	18.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,455	745	705	2.2	2.2	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,690	1,745	1,945	5.7	5.1	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,675	1,035	1,635	4.1	3.0	5.3
91 Public administration	3,290	1,760	1,530	5.1	5.1	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,110	36,170	32,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,675	33,215	29,460	90.7	91.8	89.4
French	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	1,300	630	675	1.9	1.7	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,300	630	675	1.9	1.7	2.0
English and French	480	190	290	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,425	2,075	2,350	6.4	5.7	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,110	36,170	32,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,075	35,685	32,395	98.5	98.7	98.3
Official languages	65,550	34,475	31,075	94.8	95.3	94.3
English	65,365	34,430	30,930	94.6	95.2	93.9
French	185	45	140	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	2,525	1,205	1,320	3.7	3.3	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,525	1,205	1,320	3.7	3.3	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	285	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	1,030	500	530	1.5	1.4	1.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,095	525	570	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese languages	1,085	520	565	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	755	375	375	1.1	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,030	485	545	1.5	1.3	1.7
English and French	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	925	465	460	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,110	36,170	32,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,945	34,280	30,665	94.0	94.8	93.1
English	1,175	535	640	1.7	1.5	1.9
French	320	145	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	2,090	955	1,130	3.0	2.6	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,090	955	1,130	3.0	2.6	3.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	420	195	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,475	31,375	28,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,615	8,275	8,340	27.9	26.4	29.7
Worked outside Canada	275	185	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
No fixed workplace address	7,990	6,115	1,875	13.4	19.5	6.7
Usual place of work	34,600	16,800	17,800	58.2	53.5	63.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,600	16,800	17,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,665	3,555	5,105	25.0	21.2	28.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25,440	12,915	12,525	73.5	76.9	70.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	410	285	125	1.2	1.7	0.7
Commute to a different province or territory	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,590	22,910	19,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,495	19,330	15,155	81.0	84.4	77.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,025	18,480	13,540	75.2	80.7	68.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,465	850	1,615	5.8	3.7	8.2
Public transit	5,260	2,325	2,935	12.4	10.1	14.9
Walked	1,640	580	1,060	3.9	2.5	5.4
Bicycle	195	155	45	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	1,000	520	475	2.3	2.3	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,590	22,910	19,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,425	3,550	4,870	19.8	15.5	24.8
15 to 29 minutes	13,210	6,870	6,340	31.0	30.0	32.2
30 to 44 minutes	11,765	7,110	4,650	27.6	31.0	23.6
45 to 59 minutes	5,310	3,220	2,095	12.5	14.1	10.6
60 minutes and over	3,880	2,165	1,715	9.1	9.5	8.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,590	22,910	19,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,665	1,975	685	6.3	8.6	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,245	4,800	2,450	17.0	21.0	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,390	5,590	4,800	24.4	24.4	24.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,920	4,095	4,825	20.9	17.9	24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,555	3,390	4,165	17.7	14.8	21.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,815	3,070	2,750	13.7	13.4	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,280	10,880	10,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,260	630	630	5.9	5.8	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,020	10,255	9,765	94.1	94.3	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,045	8,185	7,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	985	485	500	6.1	5.9	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	230	275	3.1	2.8	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	260	230	3.0	3.2	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,060	7,700	7,360	93.9	94.1	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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