Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pitt Meadows--Maple RidgeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,416	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,101	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,100	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,595	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	54.1	...	...	54.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,042.72	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,420	54,455	55,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,385	10,105	9,275	17.6	18.6	16.6
0 to 4 years	6,020	3,175	2,850	5.5	5.8	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,675	3,460	3,210	6.0	6.4	5.7
10 to 14 years	6,690	3,470	3,215	6.1	6.4	5.7
15 to 64 years	72,895	36,225	36,670	66.0	66.5	65.5
15 to 19 years	6,245	3,245	3,005	5.7	6.0	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,805	3,060	2,745	5.3	5.6	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,925	3,035	2,890	5.4	5.6	5.2
30 to 34 years	7,205	3,490	3,715	6.5	6.4	6.6
35 to 39 years	8,210	4,045	4,165	7.4	7.4	7.4
40 to 44 years	7,620	3,725	3,890	6.9	6.8	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,405	3,590	3,815	6.7	6.6	6.8
50 to 54 years	8,175	4,040	4,135	7.4	7.4	7.4
55 to 59 years	8,415	4,140	4,275	7.6	7.6	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,890	3,865	4,025	7.1	7.1	7.2
65 years and over	18,140	8,125	10,015	16.4	14.9	17.9
65 to 69 years	6,025	2,860	3,165	5.5	5.3	5.7
70 to 74 years	4,905	2,235	2,665	4.4	4.1	4.8
75 to 79 years	3,120	1,430	1,695	2.8	2.6	3.0
80 to 84 years	2,050	865	1,190	1.9	1.6	2.1
85 years and over	2,035	735	1,300	1.8	1.3	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,305	500	805	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	545	175	365	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	165	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.6	16.6	17.6	18.6	16.6
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.5	65.5	66.0	66.5	65.5
65 years and over	16.4	14.9	17.9	16.4	14.9	17.9
85 years and over	1.8	1.3	2.3	1.8	1.3	2.3
Average age of the population	41.0	39.9	42.1	41.0	39.9	42.1
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,590	...	...	50.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,180	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	5,780	...	...	14.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,030	...	...	12.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,475	...	...	16.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,150	...	...	2.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,040	...	...	22.3	...	...
2 persons	13,035	...	...	32.1	...	...
3 persons	7,000	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	7,165	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,355	...	...	10.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,145	54,000	55,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,030	44,350	46,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,405	27,610	27,795	60.9	62.3	59.5
Married	46,160	23,015	23,145	50.7	51.9	49.6
Living common-law	9,240	4,590	4,655	10.2	10.3	10.0
Living common law - Never married	6,365	3,225	3,140	7.0	7.3	6.7
Living common law - Separated	515	260	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,150	1,025	1,125	2.4	2.3	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	220	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	35,630	16,740	18,885	39.1	37.7	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,880	12,710	10,170	25.1	28.7	21.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,620	1,050	1,575	2.9	2.4	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,675	2,085	3,590	6.2	4.7	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,450	900	3,555	4.9	2.0	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,990	...	...	47.0	...	...
3 persons	7,290	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 persons	7,145	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,470	...	...	7.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,115	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	22,495	...	...	70.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,180	...	...	41.3	...	...
Without children	9,315	...	...	29.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,620	...	...	14.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,905	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	2,715	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,770	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,620	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,155	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,145	53,995	55,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,455	46,755	46,705	85.6	86.6	84.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,235	27,050	27,185	49.7	50.1	49.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,775	1,155	3,620	4.4	2.1	6.6
Children⁶	34,450	18,550	15,900	31.6	34.4	28.8
In a two-parent family	27,380	14,595	12,790	25.1	27.0	23.2
In a one-parent family	7,070	3,960	3,115	6.5	7.3	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,690	7,245	8,440	14.4	13.4	15.3
Living alone	9,040	4,070	4,965	8.3	7.5	9.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,970	1,110	1,860	2.7	2.1	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,680	2,065	1,620	3.4	3.8	2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,815	...	...	63.6	...	...
Couple-family households	22,395	...	...	55.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,530	...	...	30.9	...	...
Without children	9,865	...	...	24.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,420	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,980	...	...	4.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	560	...	...	1.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,895	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,310	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	9,035	...	...	22.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,770	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,810	42,465	44,345	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,000	38,000	45,200	56,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,875	42,495	44,380	96.8	96.8	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,200	35,200	40,800	49,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,705	39,320	39,380	87.7	89.6	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	54,000	31,000	40,800	54,000	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,670	33,290	31,380	72.0	75.8	68.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	58,800	35,200	45,600	58,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,365	30,995	38,375	77.3	70.6	83.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,000	10,400	9,300	8,000	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,900	3,240	4,665	8.8	7.4	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,520	5,480	5,000	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,800	9,945	11,860	24.3	22.7	25.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,775	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,870	42,485	44,385	96.8	96.8	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,500	66,300	45,160	55,500	66,300	45,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,915	42,505	44,410	96.8	96.8	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,120	54,900	39,640	47,120	54,900	39,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,660	39,295	39,370	87.6	89.5	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	63,900	39,720	51,800	63,900	39,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,635	33,280	31,360	72.0	75.8	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,950	65,500	41,680	53,950	65,500	41,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,325	30,920	38,410	77.2	70.4	83.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,770	9,870	11,500	10,770	9,870	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,795	3,115	4,680	8.7	7.1	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,430	6,850	6,280	5,430	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,800	10,020	11,785	24.3	22.8	25.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	8,370	9,100	8,760	8,370	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,770	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,240	19,695	13,545	37.0	44.9	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	77,500	59,200	69,000	77,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,900	86,900	64,800	77,900	86,900	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,160	10,415	13,750	26.9	23.7	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,000	18,000	20,200	24,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	37,280	25,720	30,720	37,280	25,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	89.2	78.0	84.6	89.2	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.4	77.4	65.2	72.4	77.4	65.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.5	10.8	22.0	15.5	10.8	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.6	1.0	0.6	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.6	6.8	5.0	3.6	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.0	5.4	4.0	3.0	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,775	43,900	45,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,965	1,435	1,525	3.3	3.3	3.3
With total income	86,810	42,460	44,345	96.7	96.7	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,360	2,955	4,405	8.5	7.0	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,175	3,625	5,550	10.6	8.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,840	4,595	7,250	13.6	10.8	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,140	4,080	6,060	11.7	9.6	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,225	3,855	5,365	10.6	9.1	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,880	3,560	4,325	9.1	8.4	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,790	3,530	3,260	7.8	8.3	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,485	3,180	2,300	6.3	7.5	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,380	2,680	1,700	5.0	6.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,665	2,345	1,320	4.2	5.5	3.0
$100,000 and over	10,860	8,055	2,805	12.5	19.0	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	7,770	5,555	2,215	9.0	13.1	5.0
$150,000 and over	3,095	2,505	590	3.6	5.9	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,775	43,900	45,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,895	1,405	1,490	3.2	3.2	3.2
With after-tax income	86,875	42,495	44,380	96.8	96.8	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,635	3,045	4,595	8.8	7.2	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,485	3,745	5,735	10.9	8.8	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,430	5,235	8,200	15.5	12.3	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,890	4,920	6,970	13.7	11.6	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,740	4,690	6,050	12.4	11.0	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,190	4,660	4,530	10.6	11.0	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,025	4,115	2,910	8.1	9.7	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,295	3,305	1,990	6.1	7.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,010	2,625	1,385	4.6	6.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	1,815	790	3.0	4.3	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,570	4,340	1,225	6.4	10.2	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,215	2,445	770	3.7	5.8	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,350	1,895	450	2.7	4.5	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,775	43,900	45,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,105	10,615	14,495	28.0	24.2	31.6
With employment income	64,665	33,285	31,380	72.0	75.8	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,610	3,265	4,350	11.8	9.8	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,490	1,810	2,685	6.9	5.4	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,685	2,745	3,945	10.3	8.2	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,165	2,120	3,045	8.0	6.4	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,450	2,215	3,235	8.4	6.7	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,330	2,290	3,040	8.2	6.9	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,490	2,590	2,900	8.5	7.8	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,925	2,755	2,175	7.6	8.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	2,505	1,695	6.5	7.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	2,170	1,225	5.3	6.5	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,025	1,980	1,040	4.7	5.9	3.3
$100,000 and over	8,895	6,845	2,050	13.8	20.6	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,420	3,210	1,215	6.8	9.6	3.9
$125,000 and over	4,475	3,635	840	6.9	10.9	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,770	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,590	41,310	43,285	94.2	94.1	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	55,600	35,200	43,600	55,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,785	41,345	43,440	94.4	94.2	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,000	32,000	38,800	48,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,905	38,815	39,085	86.8	88.4	85.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	55,200	32,000	41,600	55,200	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,480	33,925	32,560	74.1	77.3	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	58,000	34,400	44,000	58,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,315	21,780	32,535	60.5	49.6	70.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,360	6,750	6,400	5,360	6,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,000	2,390	3,610	6.7	5.4	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	4,520	6,120	5,440	4,520	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,775	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,505	41,235	43,275	94.1	93.9	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,650	65,200	42,640	53,650	65,200	42,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,725	41,265	43,465	94.4	94.0	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	53,400	36,680	44,800	53,400	36,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,705	38,760	38,940	86.6	88.3	84.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	64,700	40,120	52,400	64,700	40,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,305	33,835	32,465	73.9	77.1	70.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,850	64,900	40,280	52,850	64,900	40,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,895	21,580	32,310	60.0	49.2	70.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,610	8,400	8,740	8,610	8,400	8,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,905	2,350	3,555	6.6	5.4	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,320	5,525	8,510	7,320	5,525	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,770	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,025	19,580	13,450	36.8	44.6	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	75,500	55,200	66,000	75,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,800	83,300	60,050	73,800	83,300	60,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,820	9,855	12,970	25.4	22.4	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	34,000	23,400	27,200	34,000	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,720	45,360	30,160	36,720	45,360	30,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	93.2	84.6	89.8	93.2	84.6
Employment income (%)	77.2	81.6	71.0	77.2	81.6	71.0
Government transfers (%)	10.2	6.7	15.3	10.2	6.7	15.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.6	1.0	0.5	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,350	...	...	52,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,160	...	...	45,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,800	...	...	116,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,190	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,040	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	990	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,070	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,120	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,160	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,360	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,375	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,160	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,285	...	...	52.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,245	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,500	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,110	...	...	15.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,435	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	595	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,170	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,155	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,190	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,350	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,335	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,755	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,675	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,020	...	...	44.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,955	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,505	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,560	...	...	18.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,720	6,135	6,585	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	46,800	38,000	41,600	46,800	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,600	35,200	38,000	41,600	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,600	...	...	163,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,680	6,200	6,485	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,760	53,650	46,000	49,760	53,650	46,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,040	45,600	40,600	43,040	45,600	40,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,145	54,000	55,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,190	12,040	11,155	21.2	22.3	20.2
0 to 5 years	7,400	3,880	3,520	6.8	7.2	6.4
18 to 64 years	68,710	34,095	34,615	63.0	63.1	62.8
65 years and over	17,240	7,870	9,375	15.8	14.6	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,455	3,405	4,050	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,605	855	750	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	480	250	230	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,955	1,870	2,090	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,895	685	1,210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.3	7.3	6.8	6.3	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	7.1	6.7	6.9	7.1	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.5	6.0
65 years and over (%)	11.0	8.7	12.9	11.0	8.7	12.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,900	53,865	55,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,150	12,020	11,135	21.3	22.3	20.2
0 to 5 years	7,385	3,880	3,505	6.8	7.2	6.4
18 to 64 years	68,535	33,990	34,540	62.9	63.1	62.8
65 years and over	17,215	7,860	9,360	15.8	14.6	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,405	2,200	2,210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	900	485	415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	125	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,835	1,450	1,385	...	...	...
65 years and over	670	265	410	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.0
65 years and over (%)	3.9	3.4	4.3	3.9	3.4	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,145	54,000	55,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,000	19,460	21,540	37.6	36.0	39.1
In bottom decile	7,115	3,420	3,690	6.5	6.3	6.7
In second decile	7,020	3,070	3,950	6.4	5.7	7.2
In third decile	7,900	3,680	4,220	7.2	6.8	7.7
In fourth decile	8,725	4,145	4,580	8.0	7.7	8.3
In fifth decile	10,255	5,145	5,110	9.4	9.5	9.3
In top half of the distribution	68,145	34,540	33,600	62.4	64.0	60.9
In sixth decile	11,580	5,810	5,770	10.6	10.8	10.5
In seventh decile	12,770	6,430	6,340	11.7	11.9	11.5
In eighth decile	14,390	7,285	7,100	13.2	13.5	12.9
In ninth decile	16,090	8,140	7,950	14.7	15.1	14.4
In top decile	13,320	6,870	6,445	12.2	12.7	11.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,145	...	...	109,145	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.372	...	...	0.372	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,390	54,085	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,410	50,590	50,815	92.7	93.5	91.9
French only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,620	2,905	3,710	6.1	5.4	6.7
Neither English nor French	1,335	580	755	1.2	1.1	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,390	54,085	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,720	52,880	53,835	97.6	97.8	97.4
French	1,050	495	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,280	550	730	1.2	1.0	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,390	54,085	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,240	52,605	53,635	97.1	97.3	97.0
Official languages	86,775	43,445	43,330	79.3	80.3	78.4
English	85,670	42,920	42,750	78.3	79.4	77.3
French	1,100	525	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	19,465	9,160	10,310	17.8	16.9	18.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,465	9,155	10,305	17.8	16.9	18.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	550	300	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	540	290	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	470	255	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	355	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,960	835	1,130	1.8	1.5	2.0
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,670	705	970	1.5	1.3	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,560	5,575	5,980	10.6	10.3	10.8
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,510	1,185	1,325	2.3	2.2	2.4
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,490	1,175	1,315	2.3	2.2	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	660	305	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	935	425	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	365	195	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,575	740	835	1.4	1.4	1.5
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	835	395	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
German	815	380	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	590	270	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,395	2,180	2,215	4.0	4.0	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,640	1,275	1,365	2.4	2.4	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,755	840	920	1.6	1.6	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,760	910	850	1.6	1.7	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,635	845	790	1.5	1.6	1.4
Dari	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	1,070	540	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,895	1,380	1,520	2.6	2.6	2.7
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	455	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	525	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	600	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,315	620	700	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	260	85	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	1,170	555	620	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,630	1,180	1,455	2.4	2.2	2.6
Chinese languages	2,615	1,170	1,445	2.4	2.2	2.6
Hakka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,650	725	925	1.5	1.3	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	825	385	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	420	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	300	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,150	1,480	1,665	2.9	2.7	3.0
English and French	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,420	1,150	1,265	2.2	2.1	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,390	54,085	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,120	44,455	44,670	81.5	82.2	80.8
French	165	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	5,070	2,425	2,650	4.6	4.5	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,065	2,415	2,650	4.6	4.5	4.8
English and French	815	375	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	13,435	6,405	7,030	12.3	11.8	12.7
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	175	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,390	54,085	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,455	52,670	53,785	97.3	97.4	97.3
Official languages	96,355	47,805	48,555	88.1	88.4	87.8
English	96,095	47,680	48,420	87.8	88.2	87.6
French	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	10,100	4,870	5,230	9.2	9.0	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,090	4,860	5,230	9.2	9.0	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	920	435	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	795	385	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,405	2,625	2,780	4.9	4.9	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,160	560	600	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,155	555	595	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	600	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,845	1,410	1,435	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,705	830	870	1.6	1.5	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,205	585	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,145	580	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,065	540	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dari	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	755	375	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,155	545	615	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	625	290	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	915	450	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,870	870	995	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	1,860	870	995	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,290	605	685	1.2	1.1	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	510	235	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,935	1,415	1,520	2.7	2.6	2.7
English and French	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,690	1,310	1,385	2.5	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,390	54,085	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	96,790	48,135	48,655	88.5	89.0	88.0
English	4,245	2,075	2,170	3.9	3.8	3.9
French	710	330	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	6,275	2,895	3,380	5.7	5.4	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,260	2,885	3,380	5.7	5.3	6.1
English and French	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	515	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	590	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,135	53,995	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,680	53,390	54,290	98.7	98.9	98.5
English	107,650	53,385	54,265	98.6	98.9	98.4
French	6,640	2,905	3,735	6.1	5.4	6.8
Non-official languages	26,505	12,320	14,180	24.3	22.8	25.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,470	12,305	14,165	24.3	22.8	25.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	870	455	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	870	455	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	760	390	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	440	180	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	410	165	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,830	1,155	1,675	2.6	2.1	3.0
Bikol	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	175	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,590	1,045	1,545	2.4	1.9	2.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-European languages	16,425	7,850	8,575	15.1	14.5	15.6
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,145	1,525	1,620	2.9	2.8	2.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,140	1,525	1,620	2.9	2.8	2.9
Belarusian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	815	380	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian	1,385	670	715	1.3	1.2	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	640	355	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Bosnian	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	305	180	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	265	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,520	1,195	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,525	735	790	1.4	1.4	1.4
German	1,495	725	775	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	850	370	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	275	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dutch	530	220	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	6,255	2,980	3,270	5.7	5.5	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages	4,240	2,020	2,215	3.9	3.7	4.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,530	745	785	1.4	1.4	1.4
Kacchi	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	125	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,765	1,320	1,445	2.5	2.4	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,130	1,035	1,095	2.0	1.9	2.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	2,000	975	1,030	1.8	1.8	1.9
Dari	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	1,245	600	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,770	2,320	2,450	4.4	4.3	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	800	410	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Portuguese	750	380	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	800	370	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Spanish	2,645	1,280	1,355	2.4	2.4	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	510	225	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	1,375	640	735	1.3	1.2	1.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,440	1,550	1,885	3.2	2.9	3.4
Chinese languages	3,420	1,545	1,875	3.1	2.9	3.4
Hakka	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	2,525	1,140	1,390	2.3	2.1	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,255	540	715	1.1	1.0	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	440	190	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	275	115	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,135	54,000	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,190	2,505	2,685	4.8	4.6	4.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,960	2,395	2,565	4.5	4.4	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,500	1,165	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
Métis	2,420	1,205	1,215	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	103,940	51,490	52,455	95.2	95.4	95.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,135	54,000	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,450	695	755	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,685	53,300	54,390	98.7	98.7	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,125	...	...	79.2	...	...
Renter	8,425	...	...	20.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,485	...	...	18.4	...	...
Not condominium	33,105	...	...	81.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,975	...	...	9.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,595	...	...	21.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,710	...	...	33.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,195	...	...	35.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,860	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,030	...	...	14.9	...	...
6 rooms	5,800	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,085	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,810	...	...	34.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,860	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	720	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,980	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,610	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,990	...	...	7.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,440	...	...	20.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,320	...	...	18.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,810	...	...	19.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,125	...	...	7.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,990	...	...	9.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,110	...	...	7.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,800	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,570	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,020	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,200	...	...	42.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,130	...	...	49.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,255	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	480	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,480	...	...	11.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,850	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,220	...	...	20.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,175	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,330	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,940	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,110	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,495	...	...	78.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,795	...	...	21.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,895	...	...	19.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,495	...	...	28.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,990	...	...	19.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,260	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,340	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,090	...	...	71.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,985	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not in core need	34,400	...	...	87.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,940	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.0	...	...	68.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,898	...	...	1,898	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	939,000	...	...	939,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,415	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.7	...	...	29.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,468	...	...	1,468	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,135	53,995	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,250	530	720	1.1	1.0	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,200	515	685	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	810	360	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	375	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,480	2,205	2,275	4.1	4.1	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,290	2,115	2,175	3.9	3.9	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,735	1,350	1,385	2.5	2.5	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,540	750	785	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,405	51,260	52,145	94.7	94.9	94.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,135	53,995	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,780	51,040	51,740	94.2	94.5	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,340	11,610	10,730	20.5	21.5	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,440	39,430	41,010	73.7	73.0	74.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,350	2,955	3,400	5.8	5.5	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,135	53,995	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,120	41,760	41,365	76.2	77.3	75.0
Immigrants⁸¹	25,085	11,805	13,280	23.0	21.9	24.1
Before 1980	5,515	2,500	3,010	5.1	4.6	5.5
1980 to 1990	2,675	1,360	1,320	2.5	2.5	2.4
1991 to 2000	5,045	2,345	2,700	4.6	4.3	4.9
2001 to 2010	6,045	2,910	3,135	5.5	5.4	5.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,800	2,690	3,115	5.3	5.0	5.6
2011 to 2015	3,215	1,425	1,790	2.9	2.6	3.2
2016 to 2021	2,590	1,265	1,320	2.4	2.3	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	935	435	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	25,085	11,805	13,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,575	1,340	1,230	10.3	11.4	9.3
5 to 14 years	4,530	2,305	2,225	18.1	19.5	16.8
15 to 24 years	4,775	2,100	2,680	19.0	17.8	20.2
25 to 44 years	10,830	5,005	5,825	43.2	42.4	43.9
45 years and over	2,380	1,055	1,320	9.5	8.9	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	25,085	11,805	13,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,655	1,350	1,310	10.6	11.4	9.9
Brazil	210	90	125	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombia	110	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
El Salvador	240	125	115	1.0	1.1	0.9
Guyana	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mexico	300	135	165	1.2	1.1	1.2
Peru	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	110	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
United States of America	925	485	445	3.7	4.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	545	310	235	2.2	2.6	1.8
Europe	8,540	4,065	4,470	34.0	34.4	33.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	135	75	55	0.5	0.6	0.4
Croatia	165	85	80	0.7	0.7	0.6
France	75	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	680	290	390	2.7	2.5	2.9
Greece	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	145	60	90	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italy	255	140	120	1.0	1.2	0.9
Netherlands	415	190	220	1.7	1.6	1.7
Poland	580	270	305	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portugal	245	115	130	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romania	650	290	360	2.6	2.5	2.7
Russian Federation	560	255	310	2.2	2.2	2.3
Serbia⁸⁶	110	60	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	195	100	90	0.8	0.8	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,165	1,545	1,615	12.6	13.1	12.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,125	525	605	4.5	4.4	4.6
Africa	1,245	625	620	5.0	5.3	4.7
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	120	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	105	55	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	515	240	275	2.1	2.0	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	415	220	195	1.7	1.9	1.5
Asia	12,030	5,485	6,545	48.0	46.5	49.3
Afghanistan	465	205	255	1.9	1.7	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	1,155	585	575	4.6	5.0	4.3
Iraq	130	60	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanon	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	85	45	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,705	735	975	6.8	6.2	7.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	445	205	240	1.8	1.7	1.8
Korea, South⁹²	1,115	535	580	4.4	4.5	4.4
Taiwan	235	120	115	0.9	1.0	0.9
Philippines	2,615	1,100	1,510	10.4	9.3	11.4
Viet Nam	325	135	190	1.3	1.1	1.4
Bangladesh	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	2,060	1,005	1,050	8.2	8.5	7.9
Pakistan	175	80	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lanka	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,235	535	700	4.9	4.5	5.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	605	285	325	2.4	2.4	2.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,585	1,265	1,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	380	170	210	14.7	13.4	15.9
Brazil	100	35	65	3.9	2.8	4.9
Colombia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	15	25	1.5	1.2	1.9
United States of America	175	85	90	6.8	6.7	6.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	45	35	15	1.7	2.8	1.1
Europe	450	240	205	17.4	19.0	15.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	10	1.4	1.6	0.8
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	15	30	1.7	1.2	2.3
Ukraine	35	20	15	1.4	1.6	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	75	55	5.0	5.9	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	200	105	95	7.7	8.3	7.2
Africa	150	85	65	5.8	6.7	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	25	20	1.7	2.0	1.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	10	1.4	1.6	0.8
Asia	1,585	750	835	61.3	59.3	63.3
Afghanistan	60	25	35	2.3	2.0	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	210	65	145	8.1	5.1	11.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	365	180	190	14.1	14.2	14.4
Iran⁸⁸	135	75	60	5.2	5.9	4.5
Iraq	20	15	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	120	65	50	4.6	5.1	3.8
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Philippines	410	200	215	15.9	15.8	16.3
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	1.4	2.0	1.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	15	25	1.4	1.2	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	95	40	60	3.7	3.2	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,135	54,000	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,105	12,735	14,370	24.8	23.6	26.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,215	12,000	12,215	22.2	22.2	22.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	57,815	29,265	28,550	53.0	54.2	51.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	19,570	9,305	10,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,985	5,445	5,540	56.1	58.5	54.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,360	2,655	1,705	22.3	28.5	16.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,625	2,790	3,830	33.9	30.0	37.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,710	2,345	3,365	29.2	25.2	32.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,720	1,445	1,275	13.9	15.5	12.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	155	65	90	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	19,570	9,305	10,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	605	305	295	3.1	3.3	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,455	1,010	1,445	12.5	10.9	14.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	605	320	285	3.1	3.4	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	715	300	410	3.7	3.2	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15,125	7,340	7,790	77.3	78.9	75.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,135	54,000	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,010	11,335	12,675	22.0	21.0	23.0
South Asian	5,260	2,500	2,765	4.8	4.6	5.0
Chinese	4,230	1,945	2,280	3.9	3.6	4.1
Black	1,610	850	755	1.5	1.6	1.4
Filipino	3,815	1,665	2,150	3.5	3.1	3.9
Arab	595	310	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latin American	1,605	790	815	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	1,110	505	600	1.0	0.9	1.1
West Asian	2,105	1,020	1,085	1.9	1.9	2.0
Korean	1,485	715	770	1.4	1.3	1.4
Japanese	745	330	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	335	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,110	545	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,130	42,660	42,465	78.0	79.0	77.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,135	53,995	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,790	6,930	6,860	12.6	12.8	12.4
English	28,330	14,140	14,190	26.0	26.2	25.7
Irish	17,015	8,185	8,835	15.6	15.2	16.0
Scottish	21,290	10,715	10,575	19.5	19.8	19.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,885	3,805	4,080	7.2	7.0	7.4
German	13,145	6,570	6,575	12.0	12.2	11.9
Chinese	4,415	2,055	2,360	4.0	3.8	4.3
Italian	5,100	2,680	2,420	4.7	5.0	4.4
Indian (India)	3,220	1,545	1,675	3.0	2.9	3.0
Ukrainian	6,010	3,005	3,005	5.5	5.6	5.4
Dutch	5,005	2,435	2,570	4.6	4.5	4.7
Polish	3,885	1,900	1,985	3.6	3.5	3.6
Québécois	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,030	2,515	2,520	4.6	4.7	4.6
Filipino	3,955	1,735	2,220	3.6	3.2	4.0
French Canadian	1,230	560	675	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,000	1,105	895	1.8	2.0	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,900	905	995	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	2,160	1,010	1,145	2.0	1.9	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,470	1,265	1,210	2.3	2.3	2.2
Russian	3,255	1,610	1,645	3.0	3.0	3.0
Norwegian	3,925	1,865	2,060	3.6	3.5	3.7
Welsh	2,750	1,365	1,385	2.5	2.5	2.5
Portuguese	1,365	635	725	1.3	1.2	1.3
American	1,535	785	750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Spanish	1,235	570	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Swedish	2,620	1,215	1,400	2.4	2.3	2.5
Hungarian	1,715	845	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
Acadian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	410	230	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	355	215	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	575	280	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	555	240	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	660	340	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	715	365	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	465	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	1,450	695	760	1.3	1.3	1.4
Romanian	1,360	645	715	1.2	1.2	1.3
Lebanese	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	1,070	520	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	165	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,505	760	745	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	495	235	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	625	305	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austrian	1,295	685	610	1.2	1.3	1.1
Belgian	525	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	715	350	365	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	325	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	495	275	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Finnish	1,245	580	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sri Lankan	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	790	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	1,075	480	595	1.0	0.9	1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	925	450	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Muslim	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	700	350	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	545	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	130	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	730	370	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	345	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ontarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	540	290	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	255	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	275	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iraqi	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	460	205	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Australian	420	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	220	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	205	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	785	390	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ecuadorian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	380	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malay	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,135	54,000	55,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	685	245	440	0.6	0.5	0.8
Christian	40,730	18,790	21,945	37.3	34.8	39.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,570	5,045	5,520	9.7	9.3	10.0
Anabaptist	315	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	2,755	1,170	1,580	2.5	2.2	2.9
Baptist	1,640	725	910	1.5	1.3	1.7
Catholic	14,930	7,055	7,875	13.7	13.1	14.3
Christian Orthodox	1,645	780	860	1.5	1.4	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	725	310	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,105	480	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,345	640	700	1.2	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	665	260	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	2,525	970	1,560	2.3	1.8	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,975	925	1,055	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hindu	960	450	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Jewish	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	2,555	1,265	1,285	2.3	2.3	2.3
Sikh	2,570	1,235	1,330	2.4	2.3	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,035	420	615	0.9	0.8	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	60,280	31,450	28,835	55.2	58.2	52.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,140	53,445	54,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,915	47,115	47,800	87.8	88.2	87.4
Movers	13,225	6,335	6,885	12.2	11.9	12.6
Non-migrants	5,730	2,665	3,065	5.3	5.0	5.6
Migrants	7,490	3,670	3,820	6.9	6.9	7.0
Internal migrants	6,915	3,435	3,480	6.4	6.4	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	6,350	3,150	3,200	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	565	285	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	575	230	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,275	50,840	52,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,025	29,600	30,425	58.1	58.2	58.0
Movers	43,250	21,240	22,010	41.9	41.8	42.0
Non-migrants	14,800	7,235	7,560	14.3	14.2	14.4
Migrants	28,450	14,005	14,445	27.5	27.5	27.5
Internal migrants	25,705	12,715	12,990	24.9	25.0	24.8
Intraprovincial migrants	23,520	11,610	11,910	22.8	22.8	22.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,185	1,110	1,075	2.1	2.2	2.1
External migrants	2,745	1,285	1,460	2.7	2.5	2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,775	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,660	7,415	6,245	15.2	16.9	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,115	36,485	39,630	84.8	83.1	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,440	29,715	30,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,715	3,415	2,295	9.5	11.5	7.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,730	26,295	28,435	90.6	88.5	92.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,775	43,900	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,695	6,200	5,495	13.0	14.1	12.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,505	14,780	15,725	34.0	33.7	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,575	22,920	24,655	53.0	52.2	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,315	15,440	14,875	33.8	35.2	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,300	7,305	1,995	10.4	16.6	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,340	1,970	1,370	3.7	4.5	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,960	5,340	620	6.6	12.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,945	6,935	11,000	20.0	15.8	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,075	1,200	1,880	3.4	2.7	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,260	7,480	9,780	19.2	17.0	21.3
Bachelor's degree	11,535	4,975	6,560	12.8	11.3	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615	585	1,030	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	150	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	3,325	1,475	1,850	3.7	3.4	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465	290	175	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,440	29,710	30,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,500	2,700	1,800	7.4	9.1	5.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,430	9,410	9,015	30.5	31.7	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,515	17,600	19,915	62.1	59.2	64.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,115	11,520	11,595	38.2	38.8	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,820	5,410	1,405	11.3	18.2	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,345	1,365	980	3.9	4.6	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,480	4,050	425	7.4	13.6	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,925	5,190	8,740	23.0	17.5	28.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,370	915	1,455	3.9	3.1	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,400	6,080	8,315	23.8	20.5	27.1
Bachelor's degree	9,700	4,140	5,560	16.0	13.9	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,330	470	855	2.2	1.6	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	105	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,745	1,165	1,585	4.5	3.9	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	200	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,770	43,905	45,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,200	20,985	21,220	47.0	47.8	46.3
Education	3,380	685	2,690	3.8	1.6	5.9
13. Education	3,380	685	2,690	3.8	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,765	800	970	2.0	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	225	65	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,480	575	905	1.6	1.3	2.0
Humanities	2,190	835	1,360	2.4	1.9	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	30	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	530	145	390	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	240	425	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	280	160	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,355	1,580	3,770	6.0	3.6	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	535	260	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,040	70	970	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	910	145	765	1.0	0.3	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	905	255	650	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,865	820	1,040	2.1	1.9	2.3
Business, management and public administration	9,260	3,465	5,790	10.3	7.9	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	135	385	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,710	3,320	5,395	9.7	7.6	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,385	760	625	1.5	1.7	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	255	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	410	300	115	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,135	550	1.9	2.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,425	1,040	375	1.6	2.4	0.8
25. Library science	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,445	10,640	805	12.7	24.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	215	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,910	1,610	300	2.1	3.7	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,905	1,715	195	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,360	3,260	100	3.7	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,480	2,420	60	2.8	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,575	1,520	60	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,115	500	615	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	800	310	490	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	190	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	7,110	1,105	6,005	7.9	2.5	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615	290	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,400	760	5,635	7.1	1.7	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,870	1,405	1,465	3.2	3.2	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,735	440	1,295	1.9	1.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	515	410	100	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	605	535	70	0.7	1.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,445	29,715	30,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,930	12,115	10,815	37.9	40.8	35.2
Education	2,550	475	2,075	4.2	1.6	6.8
13. Education	2,550	475	2,075	4.2	1.6	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,395	595	790	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	150	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	445	760	2.0	1.5	2.5
Humanities	1,630	600	1,030	2.7	2.0	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	30	135	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	395	95	295	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	505	170	335	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	230	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,510	1,260	3,245	7.5	4.2	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	210	250	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	70	825	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	785	115	670	1.3	0.4	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	760	200	555	1.3	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,525	650	880	2.5	2.2	2.9
Business, management and public administration	7,575	2,795	4,785	12.5	9.4	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	380	100	280	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,170	2,680	4,490	11.9	9.0	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,030	540	490	1.7	1.8	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	435	185	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	325	225	100	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,465	1,005	460	2.4	3.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,245	925	325	2.1	3.1	1.1
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,785	8,100	690	14.5	27.3	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,625	1,365	260	2.7	4.6	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,375	1,205	165	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,555	2,475	90	4.2	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,910	1,865	40	3.2	6.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,165	1,105	55	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	835	325	505	1.4	1.1	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	605	205	400	1.0	0.7	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,635	865	4,775	9.3	2.9	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575	255	320	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,005	590	4,410	8.3	2.0	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,095	1,035	1,060	3.5	3.5	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	315	920	2.0	1.1	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	350	100	0.7	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	355	45	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,445	29,715	30,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,930	12,115	10,815	37.9	40.8	35.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,515	17,600	19,915	62.1	59.2	64.8
Location of study inside Canada	29,690	13,965	15,730	49.1	47.0	51.2
Same as province or territory of residence	25,945	12,010	13,935	42.9	40.4	45.3
Different than province or territory of residence	3,745	1,950	1,795	6.2	6.6	5.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,825	3,640	4,180	12.9	12.2	13.6
Americas	1,370	705	670	2.3	2.4	2.2
United States of America	905	490	415	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mexico	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peru	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,170	1,130	1,035	3.6	3.8	3.4
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	145	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	255	105	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	335	170	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	810	465	350	1.3	1.6	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	210	105	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Africa	345	180	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,740	1,520	2,220	6.2	5.1	7.2
Iran⁸⁸	350	170	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraq	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	25	15	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	675	265	415	1.1	0.9	1.4
Taiwan	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	410	175	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Philippines	1,100	410	690	1.8	1.4	2.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	555	210	345	0.9	0.7	1.1
Pakistan	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	195	80	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	200	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,775	43,900	45,870	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,625	31,885	28,740	...	...	...
Employed	56,590	29,865	26,725	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,035	2,010	2,020	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,150	12,020	17,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.5	72.6	62.7	67.5	72.6	62.7
Employment rate	63.0	68.0	58.3	63.0	68.0	58.3
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.3	7.0	6.7	6.3	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,770	43,905	45,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,570	12,200	17,370	32.9	27.8	37.9
Worked	60,200	31,705	28,500	67.1	72.2	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,345	20,390	13,960	38.3	46.4	30.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,850	11,320	14,535	28.8	25.8	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.6	41.3	42.5	43.6	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,620	31,880	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,040	455	585	1.7	1.4	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,585	31,425	28,155	98.3	98.6	97.9
Employee	50,280	25,690	24,585	82.9	80.6	85.5
Permanent position	44,400	23,105	21,300	73.2	72.5	74.1
Temporary position	5,870	2,585	3,285	9.7	8.1	11.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,795	840	955	3.0	2.6	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,080	1,745	2,335	6.7	5.5	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,310	5,740	3,570	15.4	18.0	12.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,620	31,880	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,040	455	585	1.7	1.4	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,585	31,425	28,155	98.3	98.6	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	680	445	230	1.1	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,275	2,715	7,560	16.9	8.5	26.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,940	3,045	895	6.5	9.6	3.1
3 Health occupations	3,925	715	3,215	6.5	2.2	11.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,460	2,315	5,145	12.3	7.3	17.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,070	1,035	1,035	3.4	3.2	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	14,095	6,095	8,000	23.3	19.1	27.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,795	12,660	1,135	22.8	39.7	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,205	830	380	2.0	2.6	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,135	1,580	550	3.5	5.0	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,620	31,880	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,040	455	585	1.7	1.4	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	59,585	31,425	28,155	98.3	98.6	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	745	425	315	1.2	1.3	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	155	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	395	320	70	0.7	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	7,450	6,330	1,120	12.3	19.9	3.9
31-33 Manufacturing	4,075	2,950	1,120	6.7	9.3	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,970	2,000	975	4.9	6.3	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,025	3,275	3,750	11.6	10.3	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,345	2,575	770	5.5	8.1	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,645	1,125	515	2.7	3.5	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,220	810	1,410	3.7	2.5	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,250	625	625	2.1	2.0	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,795	1,965	1,835	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,605	1,570	1,035	4.3	4.9	3.6
61 Educational services	4,580	1,245	3,330	7.6	3.9	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,950	1,135	5,810	11.5	3.6	20.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,250	625	620	2.1	2.0	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,010	1,210	1,800	5.0	3.8	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,610	1,275	1,335	4.3	4.0	4.6
91 Public administration	3,310	1,730	1,580	5.5	5.4	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,460	33,635	30,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,720	32,300	29,425	95.7	96.0	95.5
French	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	465	230	235	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	465	230	235	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	360	130	230	0.6	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,760	935	825	2.7	2.8	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,460	33,635	30,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,035	33,355	30,680	99.3	99.2	99.5
Official languages	63,180	32,920	30,255	98.0	97.9	98.2
English	63,045	32,900	30,150	97.8	97.8	97.8
French	130	15	110	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	855	440	420	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	855	440	420	1.3	1.3	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	245	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	295	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	50	45	0.2	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	420	280	140	0.7	0.8	0.5
English and French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	370	260	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,460	33,635	30,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,655	32,795	29,850	97.2	97.5	96.9
English	395	195	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	265	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	980	465	510	1.5	1.4	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	980	465	510	1.5	1.4	1.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,590	29,870	26,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,790	4,750	6,040	19.1	15.9	22.6
Worked outside Canada	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,055	7,670	2,390	17.8	25.7	8.9
Usual place of work	35,615	17,365	18,250	62.9	58.1	68.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,615	17,360	18,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,430	4,650	7,775	34.9	26.8	42.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,585	11,895	9,690	60.6	68.5	53.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,520	765	755	4.3	4.4	4.1
Commute to a different province or territory	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,665	25,030	20,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,990	22,960	18,035	89.8	91.7	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,215	21,825	16,390	83.7	87.2	79.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,780	1,135	1,645	6.1	4.5	8.0
Public transit	2,135	930	1,205	4.7	3.7	5.8
Walked	1,475	570	905	3.2	2.3	4.4
Bicycle	240	170	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	825	395	430	1.8	1.6	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,665	25,030	20,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,910	4,335	6,580	23.9	17.3	31.9
15 to 29 minutes	11,900	6,035	5,875	26.1	24.1	28.5
30 to 44 minutes	11,045	6,685	4,355	24.2	26.7	21.1
45 to 59 minutes	6,095	4,015	2,075	13.3	16.0	10.1
60 minutes and over	5,715	3,955	1,755	12.5	15.8	8.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,665	25,030	20,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,475	4,295	1,185	12.0	17.2	5.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,740	5,875	2,860	19.1	23.5	13.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,350	5,620	5,730	24.9	22.5	27.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,915	3,300	4,605	17.3	13.2	22.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,405	2,060	3,345	11.8	8.2	16.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,785	3,875	2,905	14.9	15.5	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,675	12,285	11,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,220	615	605	5.2	5.0	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,455	11,675	10,780	94.8	95.0	94.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,145	8,880	8,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	905	465	440	5.3	5.2	5.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	225	205	2.5	2.5	2.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	475	245	230	2.8	2.8	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,240	8,415	7,830	94.7	94.8	94.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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