Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North VancouverMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,025	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	115,344	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	54,037	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,154	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	367.2	...	...	367.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	335.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,025	59,190	63,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,160	9,370	8,785	14.8	15.8	13.8
0 to 4 years	5,300	2,760	2,540	4.3	4.7	4.0
5 to 9 years	6,115	3,165	2,950	5.0	5.3	4.6
10 to 14 years	6,745	3,450	3,295	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	82,390	39,690	42,700	67.0	67.1	66.9
15 to 19 years	6,790	3,475	3,315	5.5	5.9	5.2
20 to 24 years	6,450	3,385	3,060	5.2	5.7	4.8
25 to 29 years	7,250	3,555	3,695	5.9	6.0	5.8
30 to 34 years	8,270	3,975	4,300	6.7	6.7	6.7
35 to 39 years	8,905	4,265	4,645	7.2	7.2	7.3
40 to 44 years	8,905	4,130	4,770	7.2	7.0	7.5
45 to 49 years	8,840	4,160	4,680	7.2	7.0	7.3
50 to 54 years	9,315	4,395	4,915	7.6	7.4	7.7
55 to 59 years	9,090	4,275	4,815	7.4	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	8,570	4,065	4,500	7.0	6.9	7.0
65 years and over	22,480	10,135	12,345	18.3	17.1	19.3
65 to 69 years	6,760	3,235	3,520	5.5	5.5	5.5
70 to 74 years	5,670	2,585	3,090	4.6	4.4	4.8
75 to 79 years	4,170	1,925	2,250	3.4	3.3	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,825	1,220	1,600	2.3	2.1	2.5
85 years and over	3,060	1,165	1,890	2.5	2.0	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,825	745	1,090	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	950	355	595	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	240	65	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.8	13.8	14.8	15.8	13.8
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.1	66.9	67.0	67.1	66.9
65 years and over	18.3	17.1	19.3	18.3	17.1	19.3
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	3.0	2.5	2.0	3.0
Average age of the population	42.7	41.6	43.7	42.7	41.6	43.7
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.4	43.2	42.0	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,715	...	...	28.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,185	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	3,760	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,815	...	...	15.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,730	...	...	26.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,895	...	...	19.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,140	...	...	29.6	...	...
2 persons	16,895	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	8,240	...	...	16.1	...	...
4 persons	7,675	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,205	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	121,850	58,655	63,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,870	49,820	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	61,915	30,775	31,135	59.0	61.8	56.6
Married	51,620	25,625	25,995	49.2	51.4	47.2
Living common-law	10,295	5,155	5,145	9.8	10.3	9.3
Living common law - Never married	8,025	4,015	4,010	7.7	8.1	7.3
Living common law - Separated	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,820	905	915	1.7	1.8	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	42,955	19,040	23,910	41.0	38.2	43.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,545	14,775	13,770	27.2	29.7	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,465	980	1,480	2.4	2.0	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,140	2,375	4,760	6.8	4.8	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,805	905	3,895	4.6	1.8	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,575	...	...	50.0	...	...
3 persons	8,155	...	...	23.2	...	...
4 persons	7,625	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,780	...	...	5.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,130	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	24,985	...	...	71.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,585	...	...	41.5	...	...
Without children	10,400	...	...	29.6	...	...
Common-law couples	5,150	...	...	14.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,285	...	...	3.7	...	...
Without children	3,860	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,010	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,995	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,015	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	121,845	58,650	63,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	99,330	49,120	50,210	81.5	83.8	79.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,265	30,130	30,135	49.5	51.4	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,005	1,015	3,995	4.1	1.7	6.3
Children⁶	34,060	17,975	16,085	28.0	30.6	25.5
In a two-parent family	27,070	14,255	12,820	22.2	24.3	20.3
In a one-parent family	6,990	3,725	3,265	5.7	6.4	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,515	9,535	12,980	18.5	16.3	20.5
Living alone	15,145	6,210	8,935	12.4	10.6	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,445	835	1,615	2.0	1.4	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,930	2,495	2,435	4.0	4.3	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,830	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	26,690	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	14,120	...	...	27.6	...	...
Without children	12,570	...	...	24.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,140	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,110	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	510	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,585	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,975	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	15,145	...	...	29.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,705	49,290	54,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,345	47,695	52,650	96.8	96.8	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	54,800	42,000	47,200	54,800	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,410	47,720	52,685	96.8	96.8	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	38,400	42,400	48,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,985	44,475	48,510	89.7	90.2	89.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,400	35,600	42,800	52,400	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,220	36,655	37,570	71.6	74.4	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	54,000	38,000	44,800	54,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,760	33,305	43,460	74.0	67.6	79.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,600	9,200	9,000	8,600	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,190	2,880	4,310	6.9	5.8	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,520	5,480	5,160	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,250	12,625	14,625	26.3	25.6	26.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,390	47,630	52,755	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,000	86,600	57,000	71,000	86,600	57,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,450	47,660	52,790	96.8	96.7	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,050	65,700	47,400	56,050	65,700	47,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,110	44,470	48,635	89.8	90.2	89.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,000	85,200	52,250	68,000	85,200	52,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,265	36,645	37,615	71.6	74.4	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,600	83,500	52,200	67,600	83,500	52,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,535	32,980	43,555	73.8	66.9	80.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	10,160	10,700	10,470	10,160	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,165	2,850	4,315	6.9	5.8	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	5,735	7,330	6,700	5,735	7,330
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,085	12,465	14,620	26.1	25.3	26.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,200	9,480	9,350	9,200	9,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,495	19,730	15,770	34.2	40.0	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000	86,000	70,000	78,000	86,000	70,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	105,300	121,100	85,600	105,300	121,100	85,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,240	13,085	17,150	29.2	26.6	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,400	17,800	19,200	21,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,280	42,480	29,760	35,280	42,480	29,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.8	91.8	84.4	88.8	91.8	84.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.4	74.2	65.2	70.4	74.2	65.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.2	8.1	15.5	11.2	8.1	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.4	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.3	3.3	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.8	4.6	3.6	2.8	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,705	49,290	54,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,360	1,595	1,765	3.2	3.2	3.2
With total income	100,350	47,695	52,650	96.8	96.8	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,685	4,225	5,455	9.7	8.9	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,675	4,160	5,515	9.6	8.7	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,150	5,280	7,870	13.1	11.1	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,695	4,450	6,250	10.7	9.3	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,380	3,945	5,430	9.3	8.3	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,280	3,555	4,725	8.3	7.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,745	3,040	3,705	6.7	6.4	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,665	2,780	2,890	5.6	5.8	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,495	2,270	2,225	4.5	4.8	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,885	1,970	1,920	3.9	4.1	3.6
$100,000 and over	18,680	12,020	6,660	18.6	25.2	12.6
$100,000 to $149,999	10,190	5,960	4,230	10.2	12.5	8.0
$150,000 and over	8,495	6,060	2,435	8.5	12.7	4.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,705	49,290	54,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,300	1,565	1,730	3.2	3.2	3.2
With after-tax income	100,405	47,725	52,685	96.8	96.8	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,165	4,435	5,730	10.1	9.3	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,045	4,285	5,760	10.0	9.0	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,820	6,015	8,800	14.8	12.6	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,435	5,190	7,245	12.4	10.9	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,945	4,705	6,245	10.9	9.9	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,265	4,155	5,105	9.2	8.7	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,130	3,500	3,625	7.1	7.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,555	2,815	2,735	5.5	5.9	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,380	2,325	2,060	4.4	4.9	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295	1,910	1,390	3.3	4.0	2.6
$100,000 and over	12,380	8,390	3,995	12.3	17.6	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	5,150	3,195	1,960	5.1	6.7	3.7
$125,000 and over	7,230	5,195	2,030	7.2	10.9	3.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,705	49,290	54,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,485	12,635	16,850	28.4	25.6	31.0
With employment income	74,220	36,650	37,570	71.6	74.4	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,285	4,630	5,655	13.9	12.6	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,600	2,330	3,270	7.5	6.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,390	3,150	4,245	10.0	8.6	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,645	2,470	3,180	7.6	6.7	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,465	2,410	3,055	7.4	6.6	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,385	2,305	3,085	7.3	6.3	8.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,300	2,340	2,960	7.1	6.4	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,530	2,115	2,420	6.1	5.8	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	1,995	1,860	5.2	5.4	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,340	1,670	1,665	4.5	4.6	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	1,540	1,470	4.0	4.2	3.9
$100,000 and over	14,410	9,705	4,700	19.4	26.5	12.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,950	2,930	2,020	6.7	8.0	5.4
$125,000 and over	9,460	6,775	2,685	12.7	18.5	7.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,705	49,290	54,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,270	46,115	51,155	93.8	93.6	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,400	40,000	45,600	54,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,485	46,175	51,305	94.0	93.7	94.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,200	35,600	40,400	47,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,520	43,665	47,850	88.3	88.6	87.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	53,200	36,800	44,000	53,200	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,080	37,270	38,815	73.4	75.6	71.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	52,400	36,800	43,600	52,400	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,515	24,225	35,290	57.4	49.1	64.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,640	2,020	4,440	3,640	2,020	4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,225	1,620	2,605	4.1	3.3	4.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	4,520	6,850	5,600	4,520	6,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,255	46,080	51,175	93.8	93.5	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,400	86,500	53,900	69,400	86,500	53,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,460	46,125	51,335	94.0	93.6	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	64,700	44,400	54,000	64,700	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,540	43,690	47,850	88.3	88.7	87.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,800	87,200	52,050	68,800	87,200	52,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,055	37,180	38,880	73.3	75.5	71.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,700	82,500	49,560	65,700	82,500	49,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,350	24,030	35,315	57.2	48.8	64.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,330	7,600	7,490	7,330	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,150	1,530	2,620	4.0	3.1	4.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,580	8,860	7,650	5,580	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,020	19,470	15,550	33.8	39.5	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	82,000	64,500	73,000	82,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,300	115,700	78,700	99,300	115,700	78,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,420	12,305	16,120	27.4	25.0	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	29,000	23,400	25,800	29,000	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,040	53,450	35,120	43,040	53,450	35,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.4	95.6	90.2	93.4	95.6	90.2
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.0	69.8	74.0	77.0	69.8
Government transfers (%)	6.6	4.4	9.7	6.6	4.4	9.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,050	...	...	54,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	170,200	...	...	170,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	800	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	810	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,750	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,375	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,375	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,450	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,510	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,590	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,020	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,880	...	...	5.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,565	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,495	...	...	49.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,490	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,300	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,015	...	...	11.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,690	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	960	...	...	1.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	830	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,550	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,545	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,785	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,860	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,655	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,575	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,245	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,765	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,805	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,795	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,545	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,465	...	...	22.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,070	8,700	11,370	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	48,800	44,800	46,400	48,800	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	43,200	40,400	41,600	43,200	40,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	132,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	217,600	...	...	217,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,600	...	...	165,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,865	8,485	11,375	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,100	65,400	56,150	60,100	65,400	56,150
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,120	53,400	47,680	50,120	53,400	47,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	121,845	58,655	63,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,190	11,455	10,735	18.2	19.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	6,415	3,315	3,100	5.3	5.7	4.9
18 to 64 years	77,860	37,325	40,530	63.9	63.6	64.1
65 years and over	21,800	9,875	11,925	17.9	16.8	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,510	5,180	6,335	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,180	1,145	1,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	535	280	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,595	2,965	3,630	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,740	1,070	1,670	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5	8.8	10.0	9.5	8.8	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	10.0	9.6	9.8	10.0	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.4	8.3	8.3	8.4	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	7.9	9.0	8.5	7.9	9.0
65 years and over (%)	12.6	10.8	14.0	12.6	10.8	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	121,275	58,350	62,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,100	11,400	10,700	18.2	19.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	6,385	3,300	3,090	5.3	5.7	4.9
18 to 64 years	77,470	37,135	40,340	63.9	63.6	64.1
65 years and over	21,705	9,820	11,885	17.9	16.8	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,925	3,740	4,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,525	790	735	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	345	175	170	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,230	2,455	2,770	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,170	500	675	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.6	6.9
65 years and over (%)	5.4	5.1	5.7	5.4	5.1	5.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	121,845	58,655	63,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,125	20,075	24,050	36.2	34.2	38.1
In bottom decile	11,110	5,140	5,970	9.1	8.8	9.4
In second decile	8,205	3,605	4,600	6.7	6.1	7.3
In third decile	7,765	3,460	4,305	6.4	5.9	6.8
In fourth decile	8,140	3,765	4,370	6.7	6.4	6.9
In fifth decile	8,905	4,105	4,800	7.3	7.0	7.6
In top half of the distribution	77,720	38,580	39,145	63.8	65.8	61.9
In sixth decile	9,625	4,570	5,050	7.9	7.8	8.0
In seventh decile	11,435	5,555	5,875	9.4	9.5	9.3
In eighth decile	12,605	6,200	6,400	10.3	10.6	10.1
In ninth decile	16,415	8,215	8,200	13.5	14.0	13.0
In top decile	27,640	14,030	13,610	22.7	23.9	21.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	121,850	...	...	121,850	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.400	...	...	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.474	...	...	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	122,310	58,900	63,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	107,850	52,720	55,130	88.2	89.5	86.9
French only	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,350	5,330	7,025	10.1	9.0	11.1
Neither English nor French	2,030	815	1,220	1.7	1.4	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	122,310	58,900	63,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	117,415	56,805	60,610	96.0	96.4	95.6
French	1,975	915	1,060	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	935	395	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
Neither English nor French	1,985	790	1,195	1.6	1.3	1.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	122,310	58,900	63,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	117,215	56,580	60,635	95.8	96.1	95.6
Official languages	80,550	40,090	40,460	65.9	68.1	63.8
English	78,690	39,215	39,475	64.3	66.6	62.3
French	1,860	875	985	1.5	1.5	1.6
Non-official languages	36,665	16,490	20,175	30.0	28.0	31.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,645	16,485	20,155	30.0	28.0	31.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	540	290	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	530	285	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	410	225	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,085	1,205	1,880	2.5	2.0	3.0
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	405	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,345	890	1,455	1.9	1.5	2.3
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,810	11,150	12,665	19.5	18.9	20.0
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,230	1,385	1,845	2.6	2.4	2.9
Baltic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,195	1,370	1,825	2.6	2.3	2.9
Belarusian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	455	200	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	690	295	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	955	385	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	405	200	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	60	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	350	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,315	1,065	1,250	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,465	655	805	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,375	620	755	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	535	265	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	320	140	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,755	6,610	7,145	11.2	11.2	11.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,525	695	830	1.2	1.2	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindi	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590	275	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	12,230	5,915	6,315	10.0	10.0	10.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	12,045	5,815	6,230	9.8	9.9	9.8
Dari	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	11,015	5,315	5,700	9.0	9.0	9.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	910	430	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,110	1,895	2,215	3.4	3.2	3.5
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	655	310	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	840	370	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	2,310	1,075	1,230	1.9	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	880	285	595	0.7	0.5	0.9
Korean	2,350	980	1,370	1.9	1.7	2.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,700	1,990	2,705	3.8	3.4	4.3
Chinese languages	4,690	1,990	2,705	3.8	3.4	4.3
Hakka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,690	1,130	1,560	2.2	1.9	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,720	745	975	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	365	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	200	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	310	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,095	2,320	2,770	4.2	3.9	4.4
English and French	660	345	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,750	1,685	2,060	3.1	2.9	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	455	200	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	122,310	58,900	63,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,390	41,195	42,195	68.2	69.9	66.5
French	510	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	11,335	5,240	6,095	9.3	8.9	9.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,335	5,240	6,095	9.3	8.9	9.6
English and French	1,635	785	850	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	23,745	10,730	13,010	19.4	18.2	20.5
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	915	380	535	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	730	315	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	122,310	58,900	63,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	117,400	56,685	60,715	96.0	96.2	95.7
Official languages	95,845	46,725	49,115	78.4	79.3	77.5
English	95,010	46,345	48,660	77.7	78.7	76.7
French	835	380	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	21,555	9,955	11,600	17.6	16.9	18.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,550	9,955	11,595	17.6	16.9	18.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,780	765	1,015	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bikol	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,400	590	810	1.1	1.0	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,795	6,530	7,265	11.3	11.1	11.5
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,430	660	765	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,420	660	760	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	540	225	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,865	4,705	5,165	8.1	8.0	8.1
Indo-Aryan languages	680	300	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	305	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	9,180	4,400	4,780	7.5	7.5	7.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	9,075	4,345	4,735	7.4	7.4	7.5
Dari	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	8,330	3,995	4,340	6.8	6.8	6.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	655	305	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,985	925	1,060	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	510	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,200	560	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	435	175	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	1,840	785	1,055	1.5	1.3	1.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,955	1,330	1,625	2.4	2.3	2.6
Chinese languages	2,950	1,325	1,625	2.4	2.2	2.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,925	855	1,070	1.6	1.5	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	910	420	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,915	2,220	2,695	4.0	3.8	4.3
English and French	310	145	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,425	1,990	2,440	3.6	3.4	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	122,315	58,900	63,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,455	48,580	50,870	81.3	82.5	80.2
English	8,815	4,085	4,725	7.2	6.9	7.5
French	1,235	595	645	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	10,315	4,500	5,815	8.4	7.6	9.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,270	4,480	5,785	8.4	7.6	9.1
English and French	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	870	430	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	445	190	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	990	455	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	121,920	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,870	57,805	62,060	98.3	98.5	98.2
English	119,810	57,785	62,025	98.3	98.4	98.1
French	12,295	5,240	7,055	10.1	8.9	11.2
Non-official languages	47,810	21,705	26,105	39.2	37.0	41.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,650	21,610	26,035	39.1	36.8	41.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,055	525	535	0.9	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,045	515	530	0.9	0.9	0.8
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	760	380	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,460	1,690	2,770	3.7	2.9	4.4
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	575	200	375	0.5	0.3	0.6
Indonesian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,160	1,590	2,575	3.4	2.7	4.1
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	31,910	15,000	16,910	26.2	25.6	26.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,840	1,680	2,160	3.1	2.9	3.4
Baltic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,790	1,650	2,130	3.1	2.8	3.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	620	285	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Macedonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	830	390	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	1,375	585	800	1.1	1.0	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	495	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	215	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	285	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	385	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,465	2,120	2,345	3.7	3.6	3.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,855	1,335	1,520	2.3	2.3	2.4
German	2,820	1,315	1,510	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,160	595	565	1.0	1.0	0.9
Afrikaans	615	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	530	285	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	670	295	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Danish	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	365	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	16,490	7,960	8,530	13.5	13.6	13.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,465	1,210	1,255	2.0	2.1	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	690	305	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hindi	910	495	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,035	515	520	0.8	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	14,105	6,800	7,310	11.6	11.6	11.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	245	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	13,960	6,730	7,225	11.5	11.5	11.4
Dari	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	12,965	6,280	6,685	10.6	10.7	10.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	960	440	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,830	3,555	4,275	6.4	6.1	6.8
Catalan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italian	1,410	575	835	1.2	1.0	1.3
Portuguese	1,315	625	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	340	135	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	5,260	2,445	2,815	4.3	4.2	4.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,410	595	820	1.2	1.0	1.3
Korean	2,625	1,120	1,505	2.2	1.9	2.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,880	2,595	3,280	4.8	4.4	5.2
Chinese languages	5,865	2,580	3,280	4.8	4.4	5.2
Hakka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,225	1,895	2,330	3.5	3.2	3.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	350	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,275	955	1,320	1.9	1.6	2.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	770	350	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Azerbaijani	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	670	290	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	530	235	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	335	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	121,920	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,685	1,335	1,350	2.2	2.3	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,615	1,295	1,320	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,810	910	905	1.5	1.6	1.4
Métis	800	385	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	119,235	57,360	61,870	97.8	97.7	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	121,920	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,345	670	675	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	120,570	58,025	62,545	98.9	98.9	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,665	...	...	63.9	...	...
Renter	18,345	...	...	35.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	18,820	...	...	36.8	...	...
Not condominium	32,315	...	...	63.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	910	...	...	1.8	...	...
1 bedroom	12,005	...	...	23.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,260	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,215	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,745	...	...	24.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,545	...	...	46.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,390	...	...	12.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,565	...	...	8.9	...	...
7 rooms	4,210	...	...	8.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,425	...	...	24.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,630	...	...	97.1	...	...
More than one person per room	1,500	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,750	...	...	93.4	...	...
Not suitable	3,380	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,725	...	...	19.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,210	...	...	33.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,685	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,995	...	...	9.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,065	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,745	...	...	5.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,475	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,245	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,000	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,130	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,110	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,560	...	...	46.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,465	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	740	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,260	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,025	...	...	17.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,205	...	...	20.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,555	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,695	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,650	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	2,000	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,185	...	...	69.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,615	...	...	30.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,195	...	...	26.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,820	...	...	38.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,570	...	...	26.5	...	...
Not suitable only	2,010	...	...	3.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,000	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,115	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	870	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,310	...	...	61.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,655	...	...	15.8	...	...
Not in core need	40,720	...	...	84.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,635	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	...	...	58.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,266	...	...	2,266	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,400,000	...	...	1,400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,452,000	...	...	1,452,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.6	...	...	43.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.9	...	...	27.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,902	...	...	1,902	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	117	...	...	117	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	185	...	...	185	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	121,915	58,695	63,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	945	470	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	925	460	460	0.8	0.8	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	825	400	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,340	1,210	1,125	1.9	2.1	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,270	1,190	1,085	1.9	2.0	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,560	815	745	1.3	1.4	1.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	705	375	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,630	57,015	61,615	97.3	97.1	97.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	121,915	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,570	51,450	55,120	87.4	87.7	87.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,335	10,565	9,770	16.7	18.0	15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,235	40,885	45,355	70.7	69.7	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,350	7,250	8,100	12.6	12.4	12.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	121,915	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,905	36,620	37,290	60.6	62.4	59.0
Immigrants⁸¹	43,525	20,015	23,505	35.7	34.1	37.2
Before 1980	8,065	3,520	4,545	6.6	6.0	7.2
1980 to 1990	4,345	2,055	2,290	3.6	3.5	3.6
1991 to 2000	8,345	3,630	4,715	6.8	6.2	7.5
2001 to 2010	9,970	4,500	5,465	8.2	7.7	8.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,805	6,315	6,485	10.5	10.8	10.3
2011 to 2015	6,545	3,250	3,300	5.4	5.5	5.2
2016 to 2021	6,255	3,070	3,185	5.1	5.2	5.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,490	2,060	2,430	3.7	3.5	3.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	43,525	20,015	23,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,370	1,630	1,745	7.7	8.1	7.4
5 to 14 years	6,760	3,370	3,395	15.5	16.8	14.4
15 to 24 years	6,550	2,880	3,665	15.0	14.4	15.6
25 to 44 years	21,570	9,550	12,025	49.6	47.7	51.2
45 years and over	5,265	2,595	2,670	12.1	13.0	11.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	43,525	20,015	23,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,240	1,975	2,270	9.7	9.9	9.7
Brazil	455	210	250	1.0	1.0	1.1
Colombia	230	100	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
El Salvador	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyana	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	680	315	370	1.6	1.6	1.6
Peru	190	80	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	1,825	900	930	4.2	4.5	4.0
Other places of birth in Americas	625	255	365	1.4	1.3	1.6
Europe	11,825	5,475	6,355	27.2	27.4	27.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Croatia	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
France	380	205	170	0.9	1.0	0.7
Germany	985	435	550	2.3	2.2	2.3
Greece	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	180	75	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italy	490	220	270	1.1	1.1	1.1
Netherlands	350	175	170	0.8	0.9	0.7
Poland	545	245	300	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portugal	155	50	100	0.4	0.2	0.4
Romania	330	125	200	0.8	0.6	0.9
Russian Federation	525	190	330	1.2	0.9	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	270	100	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,925	2,430	2,490	11.3	12.1	10.6
Other places of birth in Europe	2,295	1,025	1,265	5.3	5.1	5.4
Africa	2,320	1,155	1,165	5.3	5.8	5.0
Algeria	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	985	490	495	2.3	2.4	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,115	525	590	2.6	2.6	2.5
Asia	24,155	10,925	13,230	55.5	54.6	56.3
Afghanistan	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	10,700	5,170	5,525	24.6	25.8	23.5
Iraq	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	105	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkey	150	60	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
China⁹⁰	2,365	1,015	1,350	5.4	5.1	5.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,040	445	600	2.4	2.2	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	1,755	730	1,020	4.0	3.6	4.3
Taiwan	555	265	290	1.3	1.3	1.2
Philippines	4,030	1,590	2,440	9.3	7.9	10.4
Viet Nam	115	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,125	580	545	2.6	2.9	2.3
Pakistan	145	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	110	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,785	760	1,025	4.1	3.8	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	980	490	490	2.3	2.4	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,255	3,065	3,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	925	465	465	14.8	15.2	14.6
Brazil	265	125	135	4.2	4.1	4.2
Colombia	20	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	130	70	60	2.1	2.3	1.9
United States of America	370	205	165	5.9	6.7	5.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	130	50	85	2.1	1.6	2.7
Europe	1,355	740	615	21.7	24.1	19.3
France	130	70	65	2.1	2.3	2.0
Germany	65	40	30	1.0	1.3	0.9
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	1.0	1.3	0.6
Italy	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	85	40	50	1.4	1.3	1.6
Ukraine	35	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	540	325	215	8.6	10.6	6.8
Other places of birth in Europe	410	210	200	6.6	6.9	6.3
Africa	265	145	125	4.2	4.7	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	70	80	2.3	2.3	2.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Asia	3,415	1,560	1,855	54.6	50.9	58.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	400	155	245	6.4	5.1	7.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.9
India	230	140	90	3.7	4.6	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	1,400	685	720	22.4	22.3	22.6
Iraq	35	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.6
Israel	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Japan	60	30	35	1.0	1.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	215	70	140	3.4	2.3	4.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	835	360	470	13.3	11.7	14.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Turkey	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	60	20	45	1.0	0.7	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	290	165	125	4.6	5.4	3.9
Australia	190	100	90	3.0	3.3	2.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	100	60	35	1.6	2.0	1.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	121,920	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	49,995	23,095	26,905	41.0	39.3	42.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,200	13,860	14,340	23.1	23.6	22.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	43,720	21,740	21,985	35.9	37.0	34.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	35,460	16,500	18,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25,095	12,040	13,055	70.8	73.0	68.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,565	6,115	4,455	29.8	37.1	23.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,535	5,930	8,600	41.0	35.9	45.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,495	2,955	4,540	21.1	17.9	24.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,610	1,380	1,235	7.4	8.4	6.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	260	125	135	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	35,460	16,500	18,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,070	590	475	3.0	3.6	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,050	2,545	3,505	17.1	15.4	18.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,265	605	660	3.6	3.7	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,975	905	1,075	5.6	5.5	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	140	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	24,965	11,795	13,170	70.4	71.5	69.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	121,920	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	40,700	18,750	21,950	33.4	31.9	34.7
South Asian	4,220	2,080	2,140	3.5	3.5	3.4
Chinese	7,475	3,415	4,060	6.1	5.8	6.4
Black	800	375	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
Filipino	5,360	2,235	3,120	4.4	3.8	4.9
Arab	535	280	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	2,160	945	1,215	1.8	1.6	1.9
Southeast Asian	675	290	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Asian	12,925	6,260	6,660	10.6	10.7	10.5
Korean	2,830	1,225	1,605	2.3	2.1	2.5
Japanese	1,515	595	920	1.2	1.0	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	595	320	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,615	735	885	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	81,220	39,945	41,270	66.6	68.1	65.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	121,915	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,215	5,365	4,845	8.4	9.1	7.7
English	27,675	13,610	14,065	22.7	23.2	22.2
Irish	16,730	8,100	8,630	13.7	13.8	13.6
Scottish	20,585	10,295	10,285	16.9	17.5	16.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,925	3,435	3,490	5.7	5.9	5.5
German	11,630	5,595	6,030	9.5	9.5	9.5
Chinese	7,365	3,345	4,020	6.0	5.7	6.4
Italian	5,470	2,730	2,740	4.5	4.7	4.3
Indian (India)	3,080	1,495	1,590	2.5	2.5	2.5
Ukrainian	4,430	2,120	2,305	3.6	3.6	3.6
Dutch	4,000	2,055	1,945	3.3	3.5	3.1
Polish	3,540	1,660	1,880	2.9	2.8	3.0
Québécois	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,955	3,460	3,500	5.7	5.9	5.5
Filipino	5,030	2,120	2,910	4.1	3.6	4.6
French Canadian	1,155	560	590	0.9	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,390	1,180	1,210	2.0	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,205	620	585	1.0	1.1	0.9
Métis	895	460	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,825	1,345	1,485	2.3	2.3	2.3
Russian	2,810	1,375	1,435	2.3	2.3	2.3
Norwegian	2,705	1,275	1,430	2.2	2.2	2.3
Welsh	2,760	1,315	1,440	2.3	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	1,070	505	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	1,895	925	970	1.6	1.6	1.5
Spanish	2,065	950	1,120	1.7	1.6	1.8
Swedish	2,440	1,135	1,305	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hungarian	1,310	580	730	1.1	1.0	1.2
Acadian	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	455	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	1,190	600	595	1.0	1.0	0.9
Punjabi	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	315	100	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	240	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	905	430	475	0.7	0.7	0.8
Jamaican	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,050	440	615	0.9	0.7	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	2,815	1,230	1,590	2.3	2.1	2.5
Romanian	780	325	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	285	100	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	11,235	5,375	5,865	9.2	9.2	9.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	320	100	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	1,285	595	685	1.1	1.0	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	1,335	675	655	1.1	1.2	1.0
Belgian	520	280	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	1,205	580	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mennonite	215	150	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Swiss	955	475	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	705	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	170	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	675	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.5
Japanese	1,670	690	980	1.4	1.2	1.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	740	375	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	320	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	700	350	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	1,015	465	550	0.8	0.8	0.9
Syrian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	390	165	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ojibway	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	480	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ontarian	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	4,060	2,005	2,055	3.3	3.4	3.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	380	125	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	540	275	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigerian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	220	85	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	520	225	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	360	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	410	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraqi	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	350	190	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	990	460	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
Australian	955	425	530	0.8	0.7	0.8
Palestinian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	410	220	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	245	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	460	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	105	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sicilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	121,920	58,695	63,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,030	440	595	0.8	0.7	0.9
Christian	42,085	18,480	23,610	34.5	31.5	37.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,595	3,930	4,665	7.0	6.7	7.4
Anabaptist	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	4,405	1,960	2,445	3.6	3.3	3.9
Baptist	1,000	450	550	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catholic	16,950	7,465	9,480	13.9	12.7	15.0
Christian Orthodox	1,535	685	855	1.3	1.2	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	195	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,160	515	645	1.0	0.9	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	530	175	355	0.4	0.3	0.6
Presbyterian	1,000	450	550	0.8	0.8	0.9
Reformed	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	3,875	1,435	2,435	3.2	2.4	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,150	1,000	1,155	1.8	1.7	1.8
Hindu	535	300	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	1,000	495	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	9,075	4,250	4,825	7.4	7.2	7.6
Sikh	905	430	480	0.7	0.7	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,040	845	1,195	1.7	1.4	1.9
No religion and secular perspectives	65,105	33,400	31,705	53.4	56.9	50.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	120,910	58,135	62,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	102,945	49,420	53,525	85.1	85.0	85.3
Movers	17,965	8,715	9,245	14.9	15.0	14.7
Non-migrants	11,065	5,255	5,810	9.2	9.0	9.3
Migrants	6,900	3,460	3,440	5.7	6.0	5.5
Internal migrants	4,970	2,480	2,495	4.1	4.3	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,875	1,945	1,925	3.2	3.3	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,105	540	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	1,925	975	950	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,630	55,965	60,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,835	31,910	34,920	57.3	57.0	57.6
Movers	49,795	24,050	25,740	42.7	43.0	42.4
Non-migrants	14,935	7,250	7,685	12.8	13.0	12.7
Migrants	34,860	16,805	18,060	29.9	30.0	29.8
Internal migrants	25,290	12,255	13,030	21.7	21.9	21.5
Intraprovincial migrants	21,395	10,350	11,040	18.3	18.5	18.2
Interprovincial migrants	3,895	1,905	1,990	3.3	3.4	3.3
External migrants	9,570	4,545	5,025	8.2	8.1	8.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,060	4,690	4,365	8.7	9.5	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	94,660	44,580	50,080	91.3	90.5	92.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,820	32,595	36,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,215	1,300	915	3.2	4.0	2.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,600	31,295	35,310	96.8	96.0	97.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,055	4,090	3,970	7.8	8.3	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,145	11,730	12,415	23.3	23.8	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	71,515	33,455	38,065	69.0	67.9	69.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,560	12,695	13,865	25.6	25.8	25.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,755	4,010	1,750	5.5	8.1	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,550	1,400	1,145	2.5	2.8	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,210	2,610	600	3.1	5.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,185	6,815	9,375	15.6	13.8	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,610	1,865	2,745	4.4	3.8	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	44,965	20,760	24,195	43.4	42.1	44.4
Bachelor's degree	28,180	12,760	15,420	27.2	25.9	28.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,280	1,270	2,010	3.2	2.6	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,320	660	660	1.3	1.3	1.2
Master's degree	10,565	5,110	5,455	10.2	10.4	10.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,620	965	655	1.6	2.0	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,820	32,595	36,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,720	980	740	2.5	3.0	2.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,050	6,360	5,690	17.5	19.5	15.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,050	25,255	29,795	80.0	77.5	82.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,700	9,060	9,640	27.2	27.8	26.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,780	2,715	1,065	5.5	8.3	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,640	945	700	2.4	2.9	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,135	1,770	365	3.1	5.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,660	5,055	6,605	16.9	15.5	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,265	1,285	1,975	4.7	3.9	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	36,345	16,195	20,155	52.8	49.7	55.6
Bachelor's degree	22,880	10,075	12,800	33.2	30.9	35.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,450	900	1,555	3.6	2.8	4.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,025	480	545	1.5	1.5	1.5
Master's degree	8,785	4,100	4,690	12.8	12.6	12.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,205	640	565	1.8	2.0	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,200	15,820	16,380	31.0	32.1	30.1
Education	4,420	895	3,525	4.3	1.8	6.5
13. Education	4,420	895	3,525	4.3	1.8	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,440	1,920	2,520	4.3	3.9	4.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	620	490	135	0.6	1.0	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,820	1,435	2,390	3.7	2.9	4.4
Humanities	4,395	1,495	2,895	4.2	3.0	5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	580	100	475	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,360	320	1,035	1.3	0.6	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,180	460	715	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	150	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	560	285	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	20	165	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,370	3,725	6,645	10.0	7.6	12.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	25	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,320	485	835	1.3	1.0	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060	100	965	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,120	790	1,330	2.0	1.6	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	280	90	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,790	405	1,385	1.7	0.8	2.5
45. Social sciences	3,665	1,830	1,835	3.5	3.7	3.4
Business, management and public administration	15,935	7,605	8,325	15.4	15.4	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	125	355	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,435	7,470	7,965	14.9	15.2	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,650	1,860	1,790	3.5	3.8	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,340	535	805	1.3	1.1	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	840	390	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,255	855	395	1.2	1.7	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,200	2,055	1,140	3.1	4.2	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,400	1,675	720	2.3	3.4	1.3
25. Library science	225	40	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	470	255	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,260	10,020	2,240	11.8	20.3	4.1
04. Architecture and related services	1,155	650	500	1.1	1.3	0.9
14. Engineering	5,675	4,390	1,285	5.5	8.9	2.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,905	1,590	315	1.8	3.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,805	1,735	70	1.7	3.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,105	1,075	25	1.1	2.2	0.0
48. Precision production	615	575	35	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,180	640	540	1.1	1.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	560	340	215	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	9,255	2,065	7,185	8.9	4.2	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,055	475	575	1.0	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,730	1,375	6,360	7.5	2.8	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	440	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,395	1,160	1,230	2.3	2.4	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,565	485	1,085	1.5	1.0	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	215	65	0.3	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	455	80	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	68,820	32,595	36,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,770	7,345	6,430	20.0	22.5	17.8
Education	2,920	545	2,375	4.2	1.7	6.6
13. Education	2,920	545	2,375	4.2	1.7	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,410	1,450	1,960	5.0	4.4	5.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	445	350	100	0.6	1.1	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,965	1,100	1,860	4.3	3.4	5.1
Humanities	3,450	1,200	2,250	5.0	3.7	6.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465	75	390	0.7	0.2	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	1,035	245	795	1.5	0.8	2.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	940	380	560	1.4	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	225	135	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	435	225	205	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	10	105	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,395	2,930	5,470	12.2	9.0	15.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	15	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,150	415	740	1.7	1.3	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	75	700	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,735	605	1,135	2.5	1.9	3.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210	70	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,435	305	1,130	2.1	0.9	3.1
45. Social sciences	2,965	1,445	1,520	4.3	4.4	4.2
Business, management and public administration	12,730	5,945	6,785	18.5	18.2	18.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	85	275	0.5	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,355	5,855	6,500	18.0	18.0	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,615	1,200	1,410	3.8	3.7	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,010	390	625	1.5	1.2	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	270	355	0.9	0.8	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	850	515	340	1.2	1.6	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,655	1,690	965	3.9	5.2	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,145	1,495	650	3.1	4.6	1.8
25. Library science	145	20	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	120	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,225	7,320	1,905	13.4	22.5	5.3
04. Architecture and related services	925	475	455	1.3	1.5	1.3
14. Engineering	4,495	3,370	1,130	6.5	10.3	3.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,325	1,070	255	1.9	3.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,375	1,325	45	2.0	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	725	715	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
48. Precision production	385	375	15	0.6	1.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,015	545	470	1.5	1.7	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	235	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	510	305	200	0.7	0.9	0.6
Health and related fields	6,890	1,605	5,285	10.0	4.9	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	845	375	465	1.2	1.2	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,690	1,070	4,625	8.3	3.3	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	330	150	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,730	825	910	2.5	2.5	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140	335	800	1.7	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	190	45	0.3	0.6	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	300	60	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	68,820	32,595	36,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,770	7,345	6,430	20.0	22.5	17.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,050	25,250	29,795	80.0	77.5	82.2
Location of study inside Canada	36,540	17,010	19,535	53.1	52.2	53.9
Same as province or territory of residence	28,190	12,985	15,205	41.0	39.8	42.0
Different than province or territory of residence	8,350	4,020	4,330	12.1	12.3	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,505	8,245	10,265	26.9	25.3	28.3
Americas	3,205	1,590	1,610	4.7	4.9	4.4
United States of America	2,050	1,110	935	3.0	3.4	2.6
Mexico	430	205	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	380	160	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	4,585	2,295	2,295	6.7	7.0	6.3
Belgium	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	305	165	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	200	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Netherlands	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	270	120	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	190	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,165	1,120	1,045	3.1	3.4	2.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	630	265	360	0.9	0.8	1.0
Africa	505	280	225	0.7	0.9	0.6
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	425	235	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	9,480	3,720	5,760	13.8	11.4	15.9
Iran⁸⁸	4,460	1,945	2,510	6.5	6.0	6.9
Iraq	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	845	320	525	1.2	1.0	1.4
Taiwan	135	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japan	335	110	230	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	830	240	590	1.2	0.7	1.6
Philippines	1,870	595	1,275	2.7	1.8	3.5
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	385	210	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	280	125	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	730	360	370	1.1	1.1	1.0
Australia	540	260	280	0.8	0.8	0.8
New Zealand	195	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,720	49,275	54,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,215	35,440	34,775	...	...	...
Employed	64,940	32,945	31,995	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,275	2,500	2,780	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,505	13,835	19,670	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.7	71.9	63.9	67.7	71.9	63.9
Employment rate	62.6	66.9	58.8	62.6	66.9	58.8
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.1	8.0	7.5	7.1	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,720	49,275	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,985	14,075	19,910	32.8	28.6	36.6
Worked	69,730	35,195	34,535	67.2	71.4	63.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,940	20,695	16,250	35.6	42.0	29.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,790	14,505	18,290	31.6	29.4	33.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.4	40.2	41.3	42.4	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,215	35,440	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	615	745	1.9	1.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,850	34,825	34,025	98.1	98.3	97.8
Employee	54,715	26,515	28,200	77.9	74.8	81.1
Permanent position	45,250	22,375	22,880	64.4	63.1	65.8
Temporary position	9,465	4,145	5,320	13.5	11.7	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,190	1,360	1,825	4.5	3.8	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,275	2,785	3,485	8.9	7.9	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,135	8,305	5,825	20.1	23.4	16.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,215	35,440	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	615	745	1.9	1.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,850	34,825	34,025	98.1	98.3	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,675	1,200	475	2.4	3.4	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,560	5,070	9,490	20.7	14.3	27.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,475	5,615	1,860	10.6	15.8	5.3
3 Health occupations	5,280	1,125	4,150	7.5	3.2	11.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,250	3,050	6,205	13.2	8.6	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,770	2,345	2,425	6.8	6.6	7.0
6 Sales and service occupations	16,015	7,750	8,260	22.8	21.9	23.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,075	7,320	760	11.5	20.7	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	600	180	1.1	1.7	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	965	745	225	1.4	2.1	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,215	35,440	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	615	745	1.9	1.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	68,850	34,825	34,025	98.1	98.3	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	195	105	0.4	0.6	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	410	280	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
22 Utilities	415	285	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
23 Construction	4,910	4,175	735	7.0	11.8	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,575	1,830	750	3.7	5.2	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,980	1,280	705	2.8	3.6	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,535	3,745	3,795	10.7	10.6	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,445	1,805	645	3.5	5.1	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	3,125	1,960	1,165	4.5	5.5	3.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,810	1,780	2,035	5.4	5.0	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,200	1,270	930	3.1	3.6	2.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,580	6,030	4,550	15.1	17.0	13.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	280	115	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,510	1,430	1,080	3.6	4.0	3.1
61 Educational services	5,705	1,845	3,865	8.1	5.2	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	8,105	1,600	6,510	11.5	4.5	18.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,170	1,005	1,165	3.1	2.8	3.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,845	1,760	2,085	5.5	5.0	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,855	995	1,865	4.1	2.8	5.4
91 Public administration	3,080	1,455	1,630	4.4	4.1	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	74,830	37,625	37,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,855	35,305	34,550	93.4	93.8	92.9
French	125	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	620	310	310	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	620	310	310	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	800	305	500	1.1	0.8	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,280	1,615	1,665	4.4	4.3	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	74,830	37,625	37,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	74,185	37,310	36,880	99.1	99.2	99.1
Official languages	72,745	36,565	36,175	97.2	97.2	97.2
English	72,420	36,515	35,910	96.8	97.0	96.5
French	325	55	270	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	1,440	745	700	1.9	2.0	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,440	740	700	1.9	2.0	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	770	415	355	1.0	1.1	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	575	325	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	560	320	240	0.7	0.9	0.6
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	560	320	240	0.7	0.9	0.6
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	530	290	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	230	100	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	185	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	335	180	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	645	310	330	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	540	270	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	74,830	37,625	37,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,180	35,905	35,275	95.1	95.4	94.8
English	920	415	505	1.2	1.1	1.4
French	530	250	280	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	1,860	915	950	2.5	2.4	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,860	915	945	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,940	32,940	32,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,210	10,525	10,685	32.7	32.0	33.4
Worked outside Canada	250	160	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	7,190	5,150	2,035	11.1	15.6	6.4
Usual place of work	36,295	17,105	19,190	55.9	51.9	60.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,295	17,105	19,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,075	5,005	7,065	33.3	29.3	36.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	23,750	11,800	11,950	65.4	69.0	62.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	330	215	110	0.9	1.3	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	140	85	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,485	22,255	21,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,620	17,180	14,440	72.7	77.2	68.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,880	16,255	12,625	66.4	73.0	59.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,745	930	1,810	6.3	4.2	8.5
Public transit	5,495	2,230	3,270	12.6	10.0	15.4
Walked	4,065	1,525	2,540	9.3	6.9	12.0
Bicycle	1,005	680	330	2.3	3.1	1.6
Other method	1,295	640	650	3.0	2.9	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,485	22,255	21,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,875	5,770	7,105	29.6	25.9	33.5
15 to 29 minutes	16,815	8,585	8,230	38.7	38.6	38.8
30 to 44 minutes	8,940	5,165	3,775	20.6	23.2	17.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,960	1,660	1,300	6.8	7.5	6.1
60 minutes and over	1,880	1,070	805	4.3	4.8	3.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,485	22,255	21,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,835	1,240	590	4.2	5.6	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,080	3,865	2,210	14.0	17.4	10.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,060	5,655	5,405	25.4	25.4	25.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,140	5,110	6,030	25.6	23.0	28.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,900	3,635	4,265	18.2	16.3	20.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,475	2,750	2,730	12.6	12.4	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,685	11,690	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,050	995	1,055	9.0	8.5	9.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,630	10,695	9,935	90.9	91.5	90.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,015	8,745	8,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,560	735	830	9.2	8.4	10.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	970	460	515	5.7	5.3	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	590	275	315	3.5	3.1	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,455	8,010	7,445	90.8	91.6	90.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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