Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Okanagan--ShuswapMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,520	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,605	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	67,773	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,470	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16,158.36	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,520	66,885	69,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,130	9,885	9,245	14.0	14.8	13.3
0 to 4 years	5,335	2,755	2,575	3.9	4.1	3.7
5 to 9 years	6,720	3,465	3,255	4.9	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	7,070	3,660	3,410	5.2	5.5	4.9
15 to 64 years	78,475	38,500	39,975	57.5	57.6	57.4
15 to 19 years	6,305	3,190	3,115	4.6	4.8	4.5
20 to 24 years	5,215	2,775	2,440	3.8	4.1	3.5
25 to 29 years	5,840	2,990	2,855	4.3	4.5	4.1
30 to 34 years	6,930	3,435	3,495	5.1	5.1	5.0
35 to 39 years	7,595	3,745	3,850	5.6	5.6	5.5
40 to 44 years	7,410	3,610	3,800	5.4	5.4	5.5
45 to 49 years	7,200	3,570	3,630	5.3	5.3	5.2
50 to 54 years	8,140	3,985	4,155	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	10,925	5,065	5,860	8.0	7.6	8.4
60 to 64 years	12,915	6,135	6,780	9.5	9.2	9.7
65 years and over	38,920	18,500	20,420	28.5	27.7	29.3
65 to 69 years	11,985	5,710	6,275	8.8	8.5	9.0
70 to 74 years	10,270	5,060	5,215	7.5	7.6	7.5
75 to 79 years	7,160	3,485	3,675	5.2	5.2	5.3
80 to 84 years	4,765	2,305	2,465	3.5	3.4	3.5
85 years and over	4,730	1,935	2,795	3.5	2.9	4.0
85 to 89 years	2,820	1,275	1,550	2.1	1.9	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,520	545	975	1.1	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	340	115	230	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	45	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	14.8	13.3	14.0	14.8	13.3
15 to 64 years	57.5	57.6	57.4	57.5	57.6	57.4
65 years and over	28.5	27.7	29.3	28.5	27.7	29.3
85 years and over	3.5	2.9	4.0	3.5	2.9	4.0
Average age of the population	47.6	46.7	48.4	47.6	46.7	48.4
Median age of the population	51.6	50.4	52.8	51.6	50.4	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	38,460	...	...	65.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,495	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	3,540	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,185	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,820	...	...	11.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	375	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,380	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,730	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	24,570	...	...	42.0	...	...
3 persons	7,220	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	6,060	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,890	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	133,400	65,505	67,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	117,395	56,995	60,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	71,920	35,935	35,985	61.3	63.0	59.6
Married	58,780	29,380	29,405	50.1	51.5	48.7
Living common-law	13,135	6,560	6,580	11.2	11.5	10.9
Living common law - Never married	8,220	4,135	4,080	7.0	7.3	6.8
Living common law - Separated	630	310	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,745	1,895	1,850	3.2	3.3	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	540	215	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	45,475	21,060	24,415	38.7	37.0	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,455	13,685	10,770	20.8	24.0	17.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,450	1,575	1,870	2.9	2.8	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,155	3,840	5,310	7.8	6.7	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,415	1,955	6,455	7.2	3.4	10.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	40,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,840	...	...	63.7	...	...
3 persons	6,535	...	...	16.1	...	...
4 persons	5,590	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,595	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,145	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	28,580	...	...	70.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,585	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	17,990	...	...	44.4	...	...
Common-law couples	6,570	...	...	16.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,205	...	...	5.4	...	...
Without children	4,360	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,415	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,065	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,345	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	133,400	65,505	67,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	107,765	53,650	54,120	80.8	81.9	79.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	70,300	35,120	35,175	52.7	53.6	51.8
Parents in one-parent families	5,415	1,350	4,065	4.1	2.1	6.0
Children⁶	32,055	17,180	14,875	24.0	26.2	21.9
In a two-parent family	23,990	12,725	11,270	18.0	19.4	16.6
In a one-parent family	8,060	4,450	3,605	6.0	6.8	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,635	11,855	13,775	19.2	18.1	20.3
Living alone	16,730	7,320	9,410	12.5	11.2	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,945	1,315	1,630	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	5,960	3,230	2,735	4.5	4.9	4.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,380	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	31,425	...	...	53.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,285	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	20,140	...	...	34.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,955	...	...	6.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,345	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	485	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,180	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,345	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	16,725	...	...	28.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	114,290	55,625	58,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,600	54,360	57,240	97.6	97.7	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,645	54,380	57,265	97.7	97.8	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,800	34,800	40,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,315	49,265	50,055	86.9	88.6	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	38,000	23,000	29,600	38,000	23,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,045	36,440	34,600	62.2	65.5	59.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	40,000	25,000	31,400	40,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,850	44,830	51,020	83.9	80.6	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	13,200	13,000	13,100	13,200	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,600	6,055	5,545	10.1	10.9	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,790	12,350	13,440	22.6	22.2	22.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	114,350	55,600	58,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,805	54,475	57,330	97.8	98.0	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	56,550	40,160	48,160	56,550	40,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,865	54,510	57,360	97.8	98.0	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,680	48,080	35,600	41,680	48,080	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,355	49,475	49,880	86.9	89.0	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	51,000	32,920	41,920	51,000	32,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,140	36,480	34,660	62.2	65.6	59.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	50,600	33,160	42,120	50,600	33,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,940	44,905	51,030	83.9	80.8	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,690	12,450	12,900	12,690	12,450	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,705	6,070	5,635	10.2	10.9	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,510	6,395	6,640	6,510	6,395	6,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,835	12,250	13,585	22.6	22.0	23.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,560	8,910	8,740	8,560	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	114,350	55,595	58,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,710	16,665	12,050	25.1	30.0	20.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,500	50,400	58,800	65,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100	73,300	56,200	66,100	73,300	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,600	14,610	16,990	27.6	26.3	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	22,600	16,200	18,600	22,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	35,800	23,260	29,080	35,800	23,260
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	81.8	71.4	77.4	81.8	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.6	59.9	49.9	55.6	59.9	49.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	18.1	28.6	22.6	18.1	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.3	7.0	5.5	4.3	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	114,285	55,630	58,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,685	1,270	1,415	2.3	2.3	2.4
With total income	111,605	54,360	57,245	97.7	97.7	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,870	3,545	5,325	7.9	6.5	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	15,020	5,690	9,335	13.5	10.5	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	19,365	8,120	11,245	17.4	14.9	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	15,805	6,885	8,915	14.2	12.7	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,110	6,040	7,070	11.7	11.1	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,035	5,155	4,880	9.0	9.5	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,460	4,215	3,250	6.7	7.8	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,540	3,440	2,095	5.0	6.3	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,150	2,635	1,515	3.7	4.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,170	2,035	1,135	2.8	3.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	9,070	6,595	2,475	8.1	12.1	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	6,090	4,285	1,805	5.5	7.9	3.2
$150,000 and over	2,985	2,310	670	2.7	4.2	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	114,285	55,630	58,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,640	1,250	1,395	2.3	2.2	2.4
With after-tax income	111,640	54,380	57,260	97.7	97.8	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,355	3,690	5,665	8.4	6.8	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	15,535	5,895	9,640	13.9	10.8	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	21,520	9,085	12,435	19.3	16.7	21.7
$30,000 to $39,999	18,100	8,055	10,045	16.2	14.8	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,385	7,035	7,355	12.9	12.9	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,285	5,695	4,590	9.2	10.5	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,145	4,405	2,740	6.4	8.1	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,920	3,140	1,780	4.4	5.8	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,315	2,215	1,105	3.0	4.1	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,030	1,415	615	1.8	2.6	1.1
$100,000 and over	5,045	3,750	1,295	4.5	6.9	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,620	1,895	725	2.3	3.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,425	1,855	570	2.2	3.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	114,285	55,630	58,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	43,240	19,185	24,055	37.8	34.5	41.0
With employment income	71,040	36,440	34,605	62.2	65.5	59.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,035	5,515	6,525	16.9	15.1	18.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,975	2,575	3,400	8.4	7.1	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,170	3,950	5,220	12.9	10.8	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,285	3,070	4,210	10.3	8.4	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,955	3,100	3,855	9.8	8.5	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,000	2,925	3,070	8.4	8.0	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,245	2,795	2,445	7.4	7.7	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,080	2,465	1,610	5.7	6.8	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,390	2,140	1,250	4.8	5.9	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,745	1,805	940	3.9	5.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	1,440	735	3.1	4.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	6,000	4,650	1,345	8.4	12.8	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	2,140	740	4.1	5.9	2.1
$125,000 and over	3,120	2,510	605	4.4	6.9	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	114,290	55,625	58,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,525	53,235	56,290	95.8	95.7	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,400	30,000	36,000	44,400	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,770	53,275	56,490	96.0	95.8	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,600	27,800	32,800	39,600	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,070	49,010	50,060	86.7	88.1	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	40,400	24,600	31,200	40,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,400	38,335	37,070	66.0	68.9	63.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	40,000	25,000	31,000	40,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,665	35,940	44,730	70.6	64.6	76.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	12,000	10,200	10,800	12,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,670	5,080	4,590	8.5	9.1	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,600	5,240	5,440	5,600	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	114,350	55,600	58,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,685	53,325	56,360	95.9	95.9	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	56,650	38,080	47,120	56,650	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,935	53,335	56,590	96.1	95.9	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,040	47,320	33,160	40,040	47,320	33,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,100	49,165	49,935	86.7	88.4	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	53,400	33,680	43,480	53,400	33,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,425	38,405	37,020	66.0	69.1	63.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,680	50,920	32,080	41,680	50,920	32,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,035	36,165	44,875	70.9	65.0	76.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,930	10,340	10,600	10,930	10,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,870	5,175	4,695	8.6	9.3	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,550	7,230	6,870	6,550	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	114,350	55,595	58,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,510	16,590	11,925	24.9	29.8	20.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	63,600	46,800	55,600	63,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,450	71,300	52,450	63,450	71,300	52,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,140	13,915	16,230	26.4	25.0	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	30,000	20,800	24,200	30,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,880	43,800	27,240	34,880	43,800	27,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.0	78.4	83.4	87.0	78.4
Employment income (%)	60.8	64.8	55.3	60.8	64.8	55.3
Government transfers (%)	16.6	13.1	21.6	16.6	13.1	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,280	...	...	46,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,640	...	...	40,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,345	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,100	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,180	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,240	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,735	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,580	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,555	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,475	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,050	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,770	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,415	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,105	...	...	34.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,620	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,570	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,055	...	...	8.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,865	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	540	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,390	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,225	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,460	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,575	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,940	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,985	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,755	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,430	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,015	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,650	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,160	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,620	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,900	...	...	27.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,440	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,975	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,480	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	40,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,690	10,545	12,145	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,800	32,800	34,400	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	40,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,400	...	...	142,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,485	10,390	12,095	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	47,400	40,880	43,880	47,400	40,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,720	41,240	36,600	38,720	41,240	36,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	133,395	65,510	67,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,030	11,875	11,155	17.3	18.1	16.4
0 to 5 years	6,670	3,420	3,250	5.0	5.2	4.8
18 to 64 years	73,850	36,045	37,810	55.4	55.0	55.7
65 years and over	36,520	17,585	18,935	27.4	26.8	27.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,390	7,125	8,270	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,660	1,380	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	835	450	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,260	3,470	3,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,470	2,275	3,195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.5	10.9	12.2	11.5	10.9	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.6	11.5	11.6	11.6	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	13.2	12.0	12.6	13.2	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	15.0	12.9	16.9	15.0	12.9	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	127,910	62,790	65,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,390	11,530	10,860	17.5	18.4	16.7
0 to 5 years	6,480	3,315	3,165	5.1	5.3	4.9
18 to 64 years	71,280	34,775	36,510	55.7	55.4	56.1
65 years and over	34,240	16,485	17,750	26.8	26.3	27.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,870	1,995	1,870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	725	370	355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	90	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,650	1,400	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	495	225	270	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.2	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	133,395	65,505	67,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	72,440	34,655	37,785	54.3	52.9	55.7
In bottom decile	13,690	6,470	7,220	10.3	9.9	10.6
In second decile	15,305	7,075	8,230	11.5	10.8	12.1
In third decile	14,960	7,095	7,870	11.2	10.8	11.6
In fourth decile	14,385	7,030	7,355	10.8	10.7	10.8
In fifth decile	14,105	6,985	7,115	10.6	10.7	10.5
In top half of the distribution	60,955	30,855	30,105	45.7	47.1	44.3
In sixth decile	13,655	6,815	6,840	10.2	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	13,035	6,510	6,525	9.8	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	12,445	6,335	6,110	9.3	9.7	9.0
In ninth decile	11,500	5,865	5,635	8.6	9.0	8.3
In top decile	10,320	5,330	4,990	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	134,970	66,285	68,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	127,220	62,890	64,330	94.3	94.9	93.7
French only	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,360	3,210	4,155	5.5	4.8	6.0
Neither English nor French	360	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	134,970	66,285	68,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	133,125	65,385	67,735	98.6	98.6	98.6
French	1,370	685	690	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	345	165	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	134,970	66,285	68,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	133,285	65,515	67,770	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	123,320	60,850	62,470	91.4	91.8	91.0
English	121,720	60,045	61,680	90.2	90.6	89.8
French	1,600	805	795	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	9,960	4,670	5,295	7.4	7.0	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,805	4,600	5,210	7.3	6.9	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	615	190	425	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	155	345	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,690	3,760	3,940	5.7	5.7	5.7
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,565	710	860	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,545	695	855	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	85	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	595	265	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	360	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,270	2,095	2,175	3.2	3.2	3.2
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,950	1,470	1,485	2.2	2.2	2.2
German	2,790	1,390	1,400	2.1	2.1	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,070	505	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	840	385	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	965	505	460	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	900	470	430	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	720	360	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	800	405	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	405	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	205	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	155	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	380	150	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	55	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,685	770	915	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	370	165	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,105	505	600	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	134,970	66,285	68,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	126,325	62,260	64,065	93.6	93.9	93.3
French	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,410	705	705	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,400	700	695	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	855	380	470	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	5,860	2,700	3,155	4.3	4.1	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	134,970	66,285	68,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	133,945	65,825	68,120	99.2	99.3	99.2
Official languages	130,900	64,345	66,550	97.0	97.1	96.9
English	130,630	64,210	66,415	96.8	96.9	96.7
French	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,045	1,475	1,565	2.3	2.2	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,025	1,465	1,555	2.2	2.2	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,080	1,035	1,045	1.5	1.6	1.5
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	820	405	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	650	325	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	595	295	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	640	325	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	615	310	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,030	465	560	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	910	405	505	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	134,970	66,285	68,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	128,775	63,430	65,340	95.4	95.7	95.1
English	1,415	675	740	1.0	1.0	1.1
French	690	300	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	3,440	1,580	1,860	2.5	2.4	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,285	1,515	1,765	2.4	2.3	2.6
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	133,170	65,365	67,810	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	133,145	65,350	67,795	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	7,335	3,060	4,270	5.5	4.7	6.3
Non-official languages	14,320	6,445	7,875	10.7	9.8	11.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	490	220	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	385	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	235	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,845	6,230	7,615	10.4	9.5	11.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	800	260	540	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	730	215	520	0.5	0.3	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,680	4,925	5,760	8.0	7.5	8.5
Albanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,940	875	1,065	1.5	1.3	1.6
Baltic languages	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	1,900	835	1,065	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	870	400	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	420	175	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,495	2,645	2,855	4.1	4.0	4.2
Frisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,975	1,925	2,045	3.0	2.9	3.0
German	3,875	1,885	1,990	2.9	2.9	2.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,355	655	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	995	470	530	0.7	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	310	125	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,115	545	570	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,055	510	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	345	160	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	860	390	465	0.6	0.6	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,695	1,135	1,560	2.0	1.7	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	125	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,155	895	1,255	1.6	1.4	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	425	165	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	290	120	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	580	250	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	575	245	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	355	145	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,425	5,350	6,075	8.6	8.2	8.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,075	5,195	5,880	8.3	7.9	8.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,110	2,890	3,225	4.6	4.4	4.7
Métis	4,910	2,280	2,630	3.7	3.5	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	122,060	60,130	61,930	91.4	91.8	91.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,325	2,090	2,235	3.2	3.2	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,160	63,390	65,770	96.8	96.8	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	45,235	...	...	77.4	...	...
Renter	13,005	...	...	22.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	245	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,955	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not condominium	51,525	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	385	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,635	...	...	9.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,695	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,930	...	...	32.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,845	...	...	30.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,525	...	...	23.1	...	...
5 rooms	8,865	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	8,725	...	...	14.9	...	...
7 rooms	7,240	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,120	...	...	34.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,945	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	535	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	56,945	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,535	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,375	...	...	10.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,950	...	...	30.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,450	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,400	...	...	19.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,535	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,730	...	...	8.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,610	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,420	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,820	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,660	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,355	...	...	48.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,485	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,645	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	925	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,130	...	...	8.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,715	...	...	13.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,300	...	...	14.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,330	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,210	...	...	22.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,335	...	...	12.5	...	...
85 years and over	2,535	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,765	...	...	79.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,975	...	...	20.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,900	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,955	...	...	25.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,950	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,165	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,645	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	815	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,525	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,050	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not in core need	49,615	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,060	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.5	...	...	53.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,226	...	...	1,226	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	595,500	...	...	595,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,780	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.0	...	...	39.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,205	...	...	1,205	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	512	...	...	512	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,960	1,955	2,010	3.0	3.0	3.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,860	1,900	1,960	2.9	2.9	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,980	1,465	1,510	2.2	2.2	2.2
Métis single ancestry	865	435	430	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,430	3,845	4,590	6.3	5.9	6.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,175	3,720	4,460	6.1	5.7	6.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,965	2,215	2,755	3.7	3.4	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,185	1,490	1,695	2.4	2.3	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,095	59,685	61,405	90.7	91.1	90.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	129,065	63,470	65,590	96.7	96.9	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,660	11,545	11,120	17.0	17.6	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	106,405	51,925	54,475	79.7	79.3	80.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,425	2,010	2,415	3.3	3.1	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	118,775	58,555	60,220	89.0	89.4	88.6
Immigrants⁸¹	13,920	6,525	7,400	10.4	10.0	10.9
Before 1980	6,375	3,135	3,245	4.8	4.8	4.8
1980 to 1990	1,600	695	905	1.2	1.1	1.3
1991 to 2000	1,595	720	875	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	2,180	1,000	1,180	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,175	975	1,200	1.6	1.5	1.8
2011 to 2015	950	430	515	0.7	0.7	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,230	545	685	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	790	405	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,920	6,525	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,795	940	860	12.9	14.4	11.6
5 to 14 years	2,825	1,410	1,410	20.3	21.6	19.1
15 to 24 years	3,110	1,480	1,630	22.3	22.7	22.0
25 to 44 years	5,140	2,240	2,900	36.9	34.3	39.2
45 years and over	1,045	455	595	7.5	7.0	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,920	6,525	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,140	860	1,275	15.4	13.2	17.2
Brazil	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
El Salvador	40	10	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	30	45	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mexico	105	40	65	0.8	0.6	0.9
Peru	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,570	645	925	11.3	9.9	12.5
Other places of birth in Americas	250	100	155	1.8	1.5	2.1
Europe	8,185	4,135	4,055	58.8	63.4	54.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	55	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.5
France	90	55	35	0.6	0.8	0.5
Germany	1,590	850	740	11.4	13.0	10.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	85	30	60	0.6	0.5	0.8
Italy	135	70	65	1.0	1.1	0.9
Netherlands	845	445	400	6.1	6.8	5.4
Poland	380	180	205	2.7	2.8	2.8
Portugal	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romania	60	40	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Russian Federation	165	65	95	1.2	1.0	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	45	30	20	0.3	0.5	0.3
Ukraine	140	65	75	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,115	1,540	1,575	22.4	23.6	21.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,400	705	695	10.1	10.8	9.4
Africa	520	250	270	3.7	3.8	3.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	290	140	150	2.1	2.1	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	85	60	1.1	1.3	0.8
Asia	2,655	1,075	1,580	19.1	16.5	21.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iraq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	30	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	65	45	0.8	1.0	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	275	95	180	2.0	1.5	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	50	40	0.6	0.8	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	120	50	75	0.9	0.8	1.0
Taiwan	35	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.4
Philippines	700	200	500	5.0	3.1	6.8
Viet Nam	155	75	85	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	560	255	300	4.0	3.9	4.1
Pakistan	130	70	65	0.9	1.1	0.9
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	380	160	225	2.7	2.5	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	415	200	215	3.0	3.1	2.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,225	540	685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	80	130	17.1	14.8	19.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	10	25	2.9	1.9	3.6
Mexico	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
United States of America	115	50	60	9.4	9.3	8.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	20	2.0	1.9	2.9
Europe	195	85	115	15.9	15.7	16.8
France	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
Germany	40	15	30	3.3	2.8	4.4
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	40	10	4.5	7.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25	3.3	2.8	3.6
Africa	70	25	45	5.7	4.6	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	1.2	1.9	1.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	3.3	2.8	3.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
Asia	685	315	365	55.9	58.3	53.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	0	40	3.3	0.0	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	55	55	9.4	10.2	8.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.8	1.9	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	3.7	3.7	3.6
Lebanon	15	15	0	1.2	2.8	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	0	10	1.6	0.0	1.5
Philippines	250	95	155	20.4	17.6	22.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	45	8.6	11.1	6.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0	1.2	2.8	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	10	2.4	2.8	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	65	35	25	5.3	6.5	3.6
Australia	45	30	15	3.7	5.6	2.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,975	7,555	8,410	12.0	11.5	12.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,560	12,090	12,465	18.4	18.5	18.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	92,960	45,835	47,125	69.6	70.0	69.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,540	3,395	4,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,015	2,020	1,990	53.2	59.5	48.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,695	1,095	600	22.5	32.3	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,315	930	1,385	30.7	27.4	33.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,955	1,090	1,865	39.2	32.1	44.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	525	265	250	7.0	7.8	6.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	10	45	0.7	0.3	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,540	3,395	4,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,440	685	750	19.1	20.2	18.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	225	95	130	3.0	2.8	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	240	85	155	3.2	2.5	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	40	60	1.3	1.2	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,480	2,460	3,025	72.7	72.5	72.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,710	2,950	3,760	5.0	4.5	5.5
South Asian	1,650	815	835	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chinese	870	380	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
Black	700	315	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Filipino	1,055	345	705	0.8	0.5	1.0
Arab	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	440	140	290	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	435	210	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	765	325	440	0.6	0.5	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	126,770	62,530	64,250	95.0	95.5	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,105	9,005	9,105	13.6	13.8	13.4
English	41,020	19,765	21,255	30.7	30.2	31.3
Irish	24,045	11,360	12,690	18.0	17.3	18.7
Scottish	29,955	14,760	15,200	22.4	22.5	22.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,615	6,335	7,275	10.2	9.7	10.7
German	26,600	12,940	13,660	19.9	19.8	20.1
Chinese	1,020	450	565	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italian	3,505	1,710	1,790	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indian (India)	920	450	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukrainian	10,140	4,700	5,440	7.6	7.2	8.0
Dutch	8,580	4,220	4,360	6.4	6.4	6.4
Polish	4,745	2,275	2,465	3.6	3.5	3.6
Québécois	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,810	2,850	2,960	4.4	4.4	4.4
Filipino	1,130	405	725	0.8	0.6	1.1
French Canadian	1,320	595	725	1.0	0.9	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,825	1,480	1,350	2.1	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,705	1,735	1,970	2.8	2.6	2.9
Métis	4,385	2,085	2,305	3.3	3.2	3.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,195	1,605	1,585	2.4	2.5	2.3
Russian	4,935	2,415	2,520	3.7	3.7	3.7
Norwegian	6,345	3,015	3,330	4.8	4.6	4.9
Welsh	4,140	2,030	2,110	3.1	3.1	3.1
Portuguese	385	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	2,915	1,415	1,510	2.2	2.2	2.2
Spanish	765	325	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	4,615	2,210	2,405	3.5	3.4	3.5
Hungarian	1,675	775	900	1.3	1.2	1.3
Acadian	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	200	80	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	475	270	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	330	175	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,175	505	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
Korean	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	1,075	500	575	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	165	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	2,075	1,030	1,040	1.6	1.6	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,040	440	595	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sikh	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	2,105	1,020	1,085	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgian	875	385	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	325	135	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	780	390	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swiss	1,320	590	735	1.0	0.9	1.1
Finnish	1,310	595	715	1.0	0.9	1.1
Sri Lankan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	435	225	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	920	400	525	0.7	0.6	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,090	460	630	0.8	0.7	0.9
Muslim	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,055	520	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	785	390	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	190	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	265	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	390	215	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	440	235	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	400	140	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	650	315	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	133,485	65,480	68,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	430	195	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	53,665	24,235	29,430	40.2	37.0	43.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,525	6,400	7,125	10.1	9.8	10.5
Anabaptist	450	210	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	4,715	2,080	2,635	3.5	3.2	3.9
Baptist	2,615	1,215	1,400	2.0	1.9	2.1
Catholic	12,885	5,815	7,065	9.7	8.9	10.4
Christian Orthodox	480	215	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,200	530	670	0.9	0.8	1.0
Latter Day Saints	760	360	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lutheran	2,630	1,245	1,385	2.0	1.9	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,500	630	870	1.1	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	840	335	505	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	725	345	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
United Church	6,490	2,610	3,880	4.9	4.0	5.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,730	2,210	2,520	3.5	3.4	3.7
Hindu	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	575	315	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	630	295	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	355	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,340	440	895	1.0	0.7	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	76,070	39,625	36,445	57.0	60.5	53.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	132,515	64,955	67,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	115,620	56,720	58,905	87.3	87.3	87.2
Movers	16,895	8,240	8,650	12.7	12.7	12.8
Non-migrants	7,400	3,585	3,810	5.6	5.5	5.6
Migrants	9,500	4,650	4,845	7.2	7.2	7.2
Internal migrants	8,920	4,405	4,515	6.7	6.8	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,840	3,365	3,470	5.2	5.2	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,085	1,040	1,045	1.6	1.6	1.5
External migrants	575	250	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,060	62,730	65,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,385	35,050	36,335	55.7	55.9	55.6
Movers	56,675	27,685	28,990	44.3	44.1	44.4
Non-migrants	15,270	7,375	7,900	11.9	11.8	12.1
Migrants	41,400	20,310	21,090	32.3	32.4	32.3
Internal migrants	39,330	19,340	19,990	30.7	30.8	30.6
Intraprovincial migrants	30,185	14,705	15,485	23.6	23.4	23.7
Interprovincial migrants	9,145	4,635	4,505	7.1	7.4	6.9
External migrants	2,070	970	1,105	1.6	1.5	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,345	55,595	58,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,185	12,735	10,450	20.3	22.9	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	91,160	42,860	48,295	79.7	77.1	82.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,430	32,175	34,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,215	5,425	3,790	13.9	16.9	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,210	26,750	30,460	86.1	83.1	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,350	55,600	58,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,930	10,015	8,915	16.6	18.0	15.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,865	17,630	19,235	32.2	31.7	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,550	27,950	30,605	51.2	50.3	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,330	20,420	20,910	36.1	36.7	35.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,760	10,670	3,090	12.0	19.2	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,095	2,960	2,135	4.5	5.3	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,665	7,710	955	7.6	13.9	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,150	8,575	15,575	21.1	15.4	26.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,420	1,180	2,240	3.0	2.1	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,225	7,530	9,695	15.1	13.5	16.5
Bachelor's degree	11,390	4,690	6,705	10.0	8.4	11.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	560	730	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	630	370	260	0.6	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	3,525	1,690	1,835	3.1	3.0	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	220	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,425	32,175	34,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,190	4,215	2,975	10.8	13.1	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,980	10,400	10,575	31.6	32.3	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,255	17,555	20,700	57.6	54.6	60.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,665	12,910	13,750	40.1	40.1	40.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,435	6,640	1,800	12.7	20.6	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,990	1,730	1,255	4.5	5.4	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,450	4,905	545	8.2	15.2	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,070	5,560	10,515	24.2	17.3	30.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,155	720	1,435	3.2	2.2	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,590	4,640	6,955	17.4	14.4	20.3
Bachelor's degree	7,955	3,075	4,875	12.0	9.6	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	300	475	1.2	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	220	215	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	2,220	935	1,285	3.3	2.9	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	114,350	55,600	58,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,800	27,650	28,145	48.8	49.7	47.9
Education	5,400	1,490	3,915	4.7	2.7	6.7
13. Education	5,400	1,490	3,915	4.7	2.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	570	975	1.4	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	180	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,320	390	925	1.2	0.7	1.6
Humanities	1,900	805	1,100	1.7	1.4	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	385	130	260	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	175	360	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	425	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	170	110	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,575	1,290	3,285	4.0	2.3	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	395	160	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,140	75	1,065	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	795	170	625	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	795	260	535	0.7	0.5	0.9
45. Social sciences	1,295	590	705	1.1	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	10,435	3,190	7,240	9.1	5.7	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	980	200	780	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,450	2,990	6,460	8.3	5.4	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,685	840	850	1.5	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	710	295	410	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	405	320	90	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,170	725	445	1.0	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	905	605	300	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	100	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,515	13,715	805	12.7	24.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,160	1,035	120	1.0	1.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,675	2,385	295	2.3	4.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,470	4,360	105	3.9	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,840	3,755	85	3.4	6.8	0.1
48. Precision production	2,150	2,065	85	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,570	1,610	960	2.2	2.9	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,305	665	640	1.1	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,265	950	320	1.1	1.7	0.5
Health and related fields	10,575	1,665	8,905	9.2	3.0	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	650	255	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,740	1,310	8,430	8.5	2.4	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,155	2,050	2,110	3.6	3.7	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,635	700	1,935	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	415	310	105	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,055	980	70	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,430	32,170	34,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,170	14,620	13,555	42.4	45.4	39.6
Education	2,945	650	2,295	4.4	2.0	6.7
13. Education	2,945	650	2,295	4.4	2.0	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	340	690	1.6	1.1	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	75	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	925	270	655	1.4	0.8	1.9
Humanities	1,210	520	685	1.8	1.6	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	230	90	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	120	240	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,280	860	2,420	4.9	2.7	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	345	130	220	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	830	60	765	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	565	95	475	0.9	0.3	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	530	170	360	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	870	360	510	1.3	1.1	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,960	2,025	4,935	10.5	6.3	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	95	615	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,240	1,920	4,325	9.4	6.0	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	495	625	1.7	1.5	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	180	340	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	110	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	265	195	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	845	570	275	1.3	1.8	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	515	205	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,195	8,565	635	13.8	26.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	120	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
14. Engineering	715	610	110	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,705	1,475	230	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,900	2,815	85	4.4	8.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,420	2,370	50	3.6	7.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,335	1,270	65	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,840	1,070	770	2.8	3.3	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	915	415	500	1.4	1.3	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	920	645	275	1.4	2.0	0.8
Health and related fields	7,075	1,140	5,940	10.7	3.5	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	190	305	0.7	0.6	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,475	895	5,575	9.7	2.8	16.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,740	1,330	1,410	4.1	4.1	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,740	470	1,270	2.6	1.5	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	305	210	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	670	625	50	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,430	32,170	34,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,170	14,620	13,555	42.4	45.4	39.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,260	17,555	20,700	57.6	54.6	60.4
Location of study inside Canada	34,555	15,840	18,720	52.0	49.2	54.6
Same as province or territory of residence	24,570	10,965	13,610	37.0	34.1	39.7
Different than province or territory of residence	9,990	4,875	5,115	15.0	15.2	14.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,695	1,715	1,985	5.6	5.3	5.8
Americas	1,075	490	585	1.6	1.5	1.7
United States of America	955	470	495	1.4	1.5	1.4
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,330	690	645	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	280	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	575	310	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	915	315	600	1.4	1.0	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	385	100	280	0.6	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	215	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	235	155	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
Australia	170	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	75	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	114,350	55,600	58,750	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,570	33,290	30,275	...	...	...
Employed	58,095	30,290	27,805	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,470	3,005	2,465	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	50,780	22,310	28,480	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.6	59.9	51.5	55.6	59.9	51.5
Employment rate	50.8	54.5	47.3	50.8	54.5	47.3
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.0	8.1	8.6	9.0	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	114,350	55,600	58,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	50,190	22,065	28,120	43.9	39.7	47.9
Worked	64,165	33,535	30,625	56.1	60.3	52.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,005	17,530	12,475	26.2	31.5	21.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,160	16,005	18,155	29.9	28.8	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.6	39.3	40.0	40.6	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,570	33,290	30,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	620	520	1.8	1.9	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,425	32,665	29,755	98.2	98.1	98.3
Employee	49,455	24,915	24,540	77.8	74.8	81.1
Permanent position	40,505	20,710	19,795	63.7	62.2	65.4
Temporary position	8,945	4,210	4,745	14.1	12.6	15.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,955	950	1,005	3.1	2.9	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,995	3,260	3,735	11.0	9.8	12.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,970	7,750	5,215	20.4	23.3	17.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,570	33,290	30,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	620	520	1.8	1.9	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,425	32,665	29,755	98.2	98.1	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	625	410	215	1.0	1.2	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,665	1,845	6,820	13.6	5.5	22.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,255	2,570	690	5.1	7.7	2.3
3 Health occupations	5,310	940	4,370	8.4	2.8	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,040	1,720	4,320	9.5	5.2	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,495	615	885	2.4	1.8	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	16,345	6,610	9,735	25.7	19.9	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,165	13,055	1,110	22.3	39.2	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,665	2,555	1,110	5.8	7.7	3.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,855	2,345	510	4.5	7.0	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,570	33,290	30,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	620	520	1.8	1.9	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	62,425	32,665	29,755	98.2	98.1	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,520	2,215	1,305	5.5	6.7	4.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,020	935	85	1.6	2.8	0.3
22 Utilities	580	455	130	0.9	1.4	0.4
23 Construction	7,325	6,245	1,080	11.5	18.8	3.6
31-33 Manufacturing	4,965	3,865	1,105	7.8	11.6	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,470	1,035	435	2.3	3.1	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	8,470	3,900	4,570	13.3	11.7	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,370	1,780	585	3.7	5.3	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	570	330	240	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,440	450	1,000	2.3	1.4	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,160	550	610	1.8	1.7	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,695	1,870	1,825	5.8	5.6	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,525	1,390	1,140	4.0	4.2	3.8
61 Educational services	3,895	1,130	2,760	6.1	3.4	9.1
62 Health care and social assistance	8,325	1,335	6,985	13.1	4.0	23.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,595	885	710	2.5	2.7	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,195	1,715	2,480	6.6	5.2	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,050	1,550	1,495	4.8	4.7	4.9
91 Public administration	2,155	1,005	1,145	3.4	3.0	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,985	36,395	33,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,825	35,905	32,915	98.3	98.7	98.0
French	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	335	110	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	570	265	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,985	36,395	33,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,910	36,365	33,545	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	69,635	36,235	33,400	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	69,480	36,190	33,290	99.3	99.4	99.1
French	160	55	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	275	130	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	125	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,985	36,395	33,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	69,140	36,050	33,090	98.8	99.1	98.5
English	185	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	235	85	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	355	160	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	300	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,095	30,285	27,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,990	4,295	4,695	15.5	14.2	16.9
Worked outside Canada	135	110	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,240	7,780	2,460	17.6	25.7	8.8
Usual place of work	38,730	18,105	20,630	66.7	59.8	74.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,730	18,110	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,010	8,145	10,860	49.1	45.0	52.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,305	6,175	7,130	34.4	34.1	34.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,885	3,395	2,485	15.2	18.7	12.0
Commute to a different province or territory	535	390	150	1.4	2.2	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,965	25,890	23,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,600	23,100	20,500	89.0	89.2	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,400	21,625	18,785	82.5	83.5	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,200	1,485	1,720	6.5	5.7	7.5
Public transit	525	220	305	1.1	0.8	1.3
Walked	3,005	1,330	1,670	6.1	5.1	7.2
Bicycle	565	390	170	1.2	1.5	0.7
Other method	1,280	845	435	2.6	3.3	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,965	25,890	23,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,325	10,350	11,975	45.6	40.0	51.9
15 to 29 minutes	14,705	7,620	7,085	30.0	29.4	30.7
30 to 44 minutes	6,295	3,790	2,500	12.9	14.6	10.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,550	1,660	890	5.2	6.4	3.9
60 minutes and over	3,095	2,465	625	6.3	9.5	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,965	25,890	23,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,545	2,810	740	7.2	10.9	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,105	6,120	2,990	18.6	23.6	13.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,150	6,605	6,545	26.9	25.5	28.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,805	4,335	6,475	22.1	16.7	28.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,660	2,090	3,575	11.6	8.1	15.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,700	3,935	2,765	13.7	15.2	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,485	12,095	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	785	745	6.5	6.5	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,950	11,310	10,640	93.5	93.5	93.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,675	9,095	8,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,170	595	575	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	590	285	310	3.3	3.1	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	310	265	3.3	3.4	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,505	8,505	8,000	93.4	93.5	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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