Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	New Westminster--BurnabyMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	125,253	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	115,340	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	55,667	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	53,176	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,764.1	...	...	4,764.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	26.29	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	125,255	61,595	63,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,505	8,545	7,960	13.2	13.9	12.5
0 to 4 years	5,700	2,860	2,840	4.6	4.6	4.5
5 to 9 years	5,450	2,865	2,585	4.4	4.7	4.1
10 to 14 years	5,350	2,820	2,530	4.3	4.6	4.0
15 to 64 years	87,755	43,575	44,180	70.1	70.7	69.4
15 to 19 years	5,330	2,785	2,550	4.3	4.5	4.0
20 to 24 years	7,325	3,685	3,640	5.8	6.0	5.7
25 to 29 years	10,320	5,125	5,195	8.2	8.3	8.2
30 to 34 years	11,685	5,885	5,800	9.3	9.6	9.1
35 to 39 years	10,685	5,495	5,190	8.5	8.9	8.2
40 to 44 years	8,755	4,350	4,410	7.0	7.1	6.9
45 to 49 years	8,055	3,900	4,155	6.4	6.3	6.5
50 to 54 years	8,700	4,135	4,560	6.9	6.7	7.2
55 to 59 years	8,910	4,325	4,580	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,980	3,880	4,110	6.4	6.3	6.5
65 years and over	20,995	9,480	11,520	16.8	15.4	18.1
65 to 69 years	6,725	3,305	3,420	5.4	5.4	5.4
70 to 74 years	5,285	2,445	2,845	4.2	4.0	4.5
75 to 79 years	3,440	1,555	1,880	2.7	2.5	3.0
80 to 84 years	2,405	1,065	1,340	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	3,140	1,110	2,035	2.5	1.8	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,660	710	950	1.3	1.2	1.5
90 to 94 years	1,130	320	815	0.9	0.5	1.3
95 to 99 years	305	75	240	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	13.9	12.5	13.2	13.9	12.5
15 to 64 years	70.1	70.7	69.4	70.1	70.7	69.4
65 years and over	16.8	15.4	18.1	16.8	15.4	18.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	40.4	39.2	41.6	40.4	39.2	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,345	...	...	15.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	925	...	...	1.7	...	...
Row house	3,740	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,070	...	...	13.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,190	...	...	32.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15,815	...	...	29.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,830	...	...	33.5	...	...
2 persons	17,390	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 persons	7,900	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	6,160	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,900	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	123,140	60,710	62,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,750	53,055	55,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	60,120	30,260	29,855	55.3	57.0	53.6
Married	50,180	25,165	25,015	46.1	47.4	44.9
Living common-law	9,940	5,095	4,845	9.1	9.6	8.7
Living common law - Never married	7,920	4,060	3,860	7.3	7.7	6.9
Living common law - Separated	350	200	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,520	775	750	1.4	1.5	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	48,630	22,790	25,840	44.7	43.0	46.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,280	17,855	15,420	30.6	33.7	27.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,835	1,190	1,645	2.6	2.2	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,355	2,785	4,570	6.8	5.2	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,165	960	4,205	4.7	1.8	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,725	...	...	52.5	...	...
3 persons	7,885	...	...	23.3	...	...
4 persons	6,230	...	...	18.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,940	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,815	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	23,845	...	...	70.6	...	...
With children⁶	13,390	...	...	39.6	...	...
Without children	10,455	...	...	31.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,970	...	...	14.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,090	...	...	3.2	...	...
Without children	3,885	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,965	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,055	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	910	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	123,140	60,710	62,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	94,240	46,715	47,520	76.5	76.9	76.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,630	28,975	28,655	46.8	47.7	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,960	910	4,055	4.0	1.5	6.5
Children⁶	31,645	16,830	14,815	25.7	27.7	23.7
In a two-parent family	24,680	13,090	11,590	20.0	21.6	18.6
In a one-parent family	6,965	3,740	3,220	5.7	6.2	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,900	13,995	14,910	23.5	23.1	23.9
Living alone	17,830	8,505	9,320	14.5	14.0	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	3,855	1,475	2,380	3.1	2.4	3.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,215	4,010	3,210	5.9	6.6	5.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,990	...	...	52.6	...	...
Couple-family households	24,220	...	...	45.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,990	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	12,225	...	...	23.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,775	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,870	...	...	3.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	450	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,865	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,175	...	...	6.0	...	...
One-person households	17,830	...	...	33.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,640	52,170	54,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,510	50,725	52,785	97.1	97.2	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	38,000	42,000	46,800	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,545	50,745	52,800	97.1	97.3	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,000	35,200	38,400	42,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,275	45,885	46,385	86.5	88.0	85.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	32,400	38,800	45,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,575	39,650	37,930	72.7	76.0	69.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	37,200	42,400	48,400	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,145	39,970	46,175	80.8	76.6	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,050	9,000	8,200	7,050	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,930	4,410	5,515	9.3	8.5	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,135	14,765	15,370	28.3	28.3	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	9,000	8,500	8,500	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,715	52,155	54,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,465	50,630	52,840	97.0	97.1	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,300	58,700	46,200	52,300	58,700	46,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,520	50,660	52,860	97.0	97.1	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	48,000	40,240	44,040	48,000	40,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,115	45,715	46,400	86.3	87.7	85.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	56,550	42,040	49,240	56,550	42,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,600	39,645	37,955	72.7	76.0	69.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720	57,600	43,480	50,720	57,600	43,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,145	40,000	46,145	80.7	76.7	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,160	9,630	10,620	10,160	9,630	10,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,910	4,515	5,395	9.3	8.7	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	5,700	7,120	6,480	5,700	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,170	14,825	15,345	28.3	28.4	28.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,310	9,280	9,300	9,310	9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,720	52,155	54,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,925	20,885	17,040	35.5	40.0	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	69,500	59,600	64,500	69,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,700	81,700	66,100	74,700	81,700	66,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,385	14,240	16,145	28.5	27.3	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	22,400	18,800	20,400	22,400	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	33,120	26,840	29,760	33,120	26,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8	87.0	80.0	83.8	87.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.8	76.8	67.6	72.8	76.8	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	13.0	20.1	16.2	13.0	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.5	7.3	6.3	5.5	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.7	5.8	5.2	4.7	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,645	52,165	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,130	1,445	1,690	2.9	2.8	3.1
With total income	103,510	50,725	52,785	97.1	97.2	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,670	4,240	5,430	9.3	8.4	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,000	4,920	6,080	10.6	9.7	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	15,565	6,695	8,870	15.0	13.2	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,165	5,830	7,340	12.7	11.5	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	11,655	5,465	6,195	11.3	10.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,885	4,690	5,190	9.5	9.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,815	4,020	3,800	7.5	7.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,055	3,340	2,720	5.8	6.6	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,630	2,670	1,955	4.5	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,540	2,050	1,490	3.4	4.0	2.8
$100,000 and over	10,530	6,815	3,715	10.2	13.4	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	7,605	4,695	2,915	7.3	9.3	5.5
$150,000 and over	2,925	2,120	805	2.8	4.2	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,645	52,165	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,095	1,420	1,675	2.9	2.7	3.1
With after-tax income	103,545	50,745	52,800	97.1	97.3	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,920	4,345	5,570	9.6	8.6	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,370	5,100	6,270	11.0	10.1	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	17,710	7,725	9,980	17.1	15.2	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,310	6,970	8,345	14.8	13.7	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,685	6,470	7,220	13.2	12.8	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,745	5,410	5,335	10.4	10.7	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,620	4,185	3,435	7.4	8.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,445	3,125	2,320	5.3	6.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,925	2,240	1,680	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	1,500	940	2.4	3.0	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,375	3,680	1,700	5.2	7.3	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,075	2,015	1,060	3.0	4.0	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,305	1,670	640	2.2	3.3	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,645	52,165	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,070	12,520	16,545	27.3	24.0	30.4
With employment income	77,575	39,645	37,925	72.7	76.0	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,725	4,000	4,725	11.2	10.1	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,965	2,635	3,330	7.7	6.6	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,485	3,780	4,705	10.9	9.5	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,715	3,120	3,600	8.7	7.9	9.5
$30,000 to $39,999	7,055	3,310	3,745	9.1	8.3	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,470	3,655	3,820	9.6	9.2	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,190	3,530	3,660	9.3	8.9	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,975	3,215	2,760	7.7	8.1	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,700	2,725	1,970	6.1	6.9	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,755	2,215	1,535	4.8	5.6	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	1,745	1,285	3.9	4.4	3.4
$100,000 and over	8,505	5,710	2,795	11.0	14.4	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,300	2,675	1,625	5.5	6.7	4.3
$125,000 and over	4,205	3,035	1,175	5.4	7.7	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,640	52,170	54,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,280	48,995	51,280	94.0	93.9	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,200	35,200	39,600	45,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,490	49,040	51,450	94.2	94.0	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,000	35,600	39,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,000	45,195	45,805	85.3	86.6	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,600	34,000	39,600	45,600	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,835	39,960	38,880	73.9	76.6	71.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,800	36,400	41,600	46,800	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,775	28,870	37,910	62.6	55.3	69.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,840	1,570	4,160	2,840	1,570	4,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,770	2,475	3,295	5.4	4.7	6.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,520	6,500	5,520	4,520	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,715	52,155	54,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,985	48,810	51,175	93.7	93.6	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800	57,050	42,880	49,800	57,050	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,215	48,855	51,360	93.9	93.7	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,680	46,800	36,840	41,680	46,800	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,760	45,000	45,760	85.0	86.3	83.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	57,550	41,760	49,600	57,550	41,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,865	39,910	38,960	73.9	76.5	71.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800	57,300	42,160	49,800	57,300	42,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,400	28,760	37,640	62.2	55.1	69.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,730	7,500	7,170	6,730	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,845	2,500	3,340	5.5	4.8	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	6,055	8,220	7,290	6,055	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,720	52,155	54,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,600	20,685	16,915	35.2	39.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	64,500	55,200	60,000	64,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	77,200	61,100	69,900	77,200	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,505	13,240	15,270	26.7	25.4	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	31,600	24,800	27,600	31,600	24,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,240	41,520	31,640	36,240	41,520	31,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.0	87.2	90.4	93.0	87.2
Employment income (%)	79.0	82.2	74.8	79.0	82.2	74.8
Government transfers (%)	9.6	7.0	12.9	9.6	7.0	12.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.9	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,700	...	...	55,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,960	...	...	46,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,300	...	...	105,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	835	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,245	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,355	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,675	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,740	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,970	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,925	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,940	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,905	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,780	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,490	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,370	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,915	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,210	...	...	39.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,175	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,485	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,665	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,880	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	905	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,285	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,480	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,920	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,340	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,275	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,345	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,590	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,340	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,175	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,200	...	...	32.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,105	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,205	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,895	...	...	13.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,045	12,515	12,525	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	43,200	39,600	41,200	43,200	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	36,400	38,000	39,200	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...	125,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,300	...	...	78,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,825	12,430	12,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,920	53,050	48,760	50,920	53,050	48,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,400	44,480	42,320	43,400	44,480	42,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	123,140	60,710	62,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,595	10,135	9,455	15.9	16.7	15.1
0 to 5 years	6,790	3,430	3,360	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	84,275	41,690	42,585	68.4	68.7	68.2
65 years and over	19,275	8,890	10,385	15.7	14.6	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,775	6,525	7,250	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,345	1,200	1,145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	375	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,035	3,905	4,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,395	1,425	1,975	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.8	11.6	11.2	10.8	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.1	12.0	11.8	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	11.0	13.0	12.0	11.0	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.4	9.7	9.5	9.4	9.7
65 years and over (%)	17.6	16.0	19.0	17.6	16.0	19.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	123,140	60,710	62,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,595	10,135	9,460	15.9	16.7	15.2
0 to 5 years	6,785	3,430	3,355	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	84,275	41,685	42,590	68.4	68.7	68.2
65 years and over	19,270	8,885	10,385	15.6	14.6	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,250	4,640	4,605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,320	685	640	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	415	195	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,520	3,335	3,185	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,405	620	780	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.5	7.7	7.4	7.5	7.7	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	5.6	6.7	6.1	5.6	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	8.0	7.5	7.7	8.0	7.5
65 years and over (%)	7.3	7.0	7.5	7.3	7.0	7.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	123,140	60,710	62,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,435	27,695	29,735	46.6	45.6	47.6
In bottom decile	13,280	6,415	6,870	10.8	10.6	11.0
In second decile	11,125	5,220	5,905	9.0	8.6	9.5
In third decile	10,745	5,135	5,615	8.7	8.5	9.0
In fourth decile	10,930	5,330	5,605	8.9	8.8	9.0
In fifth decile	11,350	5,605	5,750	9.2	9.2	9.2
In top half of the distribution	65,710	33,015	32,695	53.4	54.4	52.4
In sixth decile	11,670	5,770	5,895	9.5	9.5	9.4
In seventh decile	12,630	6,250	6,380	10.3	10.3	10.2
In eighth decile	13,370	6,755	6,610	10.9	11.1	10.6
In ninth decile	14,745	7,440	7,305	12.0	12.3	11.7
In top decile	13,295	6,795	6,500	10.8	11.2	10.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	123,140	...	...	123,140	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	123,460	60,815	62,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	110,435	55,130	55,300	89.5	90.7	88.3
French only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,445	3,435	4,010	6.0	5.6	6.4
Neither English nor French	5,530	2,220	3,310	4.5	3.7	5.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	123,460	60,815	62,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,290	57,745	58,540	94.2	95.0	93.4
French	1,020	540	480	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	735	350	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	5,415	2,175	3,240	4.4	3.6	5.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	123,460	60,815	62,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,725	57,115	58,610	93.7	93.9	93.6
Official languages	61,415	31,675	29,740	49.7	52.1	47.5
English	60,440	31,160	29,280	49.0	51.2	46.7
French	975	515	455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-official languages	54,315	25,445	28,870	44.0	41.8	46.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	54,285	25,435	28,850	44.0	41.8	46.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,885	1,530	1,350	2.3	2.5	2.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,765	1,465	1,300	2.2	2.4	2.1
Amharic	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	1,380	715	670	1.1	1.2	1.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,000	560	445	0.8	0.9	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,090	480	610	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,055	465	595	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,815	2,880	3,935	5.5	4.7	6.3
Bikol	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	345	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kankanaey	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,450	2,295	3,155	4.4	3.8	5.0
Waray-Waray	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	675	365	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	340	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,850	10,780	11,075	17.7	17.7	17.7
Albanian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,560	2,230	2,330	3.7	3.7	3.7
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,525	2,215	2,310	3.7	3.6	3.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	565	270	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	1,475	705	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,745	885	865	1.4	1.5	1.4
Bosnian	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	355	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	1,135	580	555	0.9	1.0	0.9
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,020	505	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	580	285	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	555	275	285	0.4	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	315	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	10,030	4,975	5,050	8.1	8.2	8.1
Indo-Aryan languages	7,450	3,620	3,830	6.0	6.0	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	425	215	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	1,390	665	730	1.1	1.1	1.2
Kacchi	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,725	2,295	2,425	3.8	3.8	3.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,570	1,350	1,220	2.1	2.2	1.9
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	270	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	195	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	2,090	1,065	1,025	1.7	1.8	1.6
Dari	865	455	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian Persian	980	490	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,930	2,905	3,025	4.8	4.8	4.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	1,790	870	925	1.4	1.4	1.5
Romanian	760	365	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	2,815	1,385	1,430	2.3	2.3	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	845	265	575	0.7	0.4	0.9
Korean	2,580	1,120	1,465	2.1	1.8	2.3
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,210	7,350	8,860	13.1	12.1	14.1
Chinese languages	16,035	7,275	8,760	13.0	12.0	14.0
Hakka	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	8,095	3,610	4,490	6.6	5.9	7.2
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	560	255	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	7,025	3,250	3,770	5.7	5.3	6.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	310	180	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	230	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	380	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,735	3,695	4,040	6.3	6.1	6.4
English and French	395	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,325	3,020	3,305	5.1	5.0	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	800	365	430	0.6	0.6	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	123,460	60,815	62,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,655	33,470	32,185	53.2	55.0	51.4
French	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	17,125	7,980	9,150	13.9	13.1	14.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,125	7,980	9,150	13.9	13.1	14.6
English and French	870	430	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	36,975	17,625	19,350	29.9	29.0	30.9
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	780	360	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	1,845	855	995	1.5	1.4	1.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	123,460	60,815	62,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,900	56,730	58,165	93.1	93.3	92.8
Official languages	81,500	40,930	40,565	66.0	67.3	64.7
English	81,210	40,800	40,415	65.8	67.1	64.5
French	290	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	33,400	15,805	17,600	27.1	26.0	28.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,395	15,800	17,600	27.0	26.0	28.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,030	1,070	955	1.6	1.8	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,955	1,035	920	1.6	1.7	1.5
Amharic	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	845	415	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	870	495	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	615	280	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	600	275	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,640	1,625	2,010	2.9	2.7	3.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,010	1,340	1,670	2.4	2.2	2.7
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	445	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,275	6,010	6,265	9.9	9.9	10.0
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,450	1,205	1,245	2.0	2.0	2.0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,445	1,205	1,245	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,005	495	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	955	470	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	690	345	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,240	3,055	3,185	5.1	5.0	5.1
Indo-Aryan languages	4,475	2,165	2,310	3.6	3.6	3.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	740	365	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,025	1,445	1,575	2.5	2.4	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,770	890	875	1.4	1.5	1.4
Baluchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	180	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,420	700	720	1.2	1.2	1.1
Dari	595	315	280	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	650	305	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,380	1,650	1,730	2.7	2.7	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,330	655	670	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,545	750	790	1.3	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	370	150	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	1,915	865	1,055	1.6	1.4	1.7
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	11,555	5,300	6,255	9.4	8.7	10.0
Chinese languages	11,435	5,245	6,195	9.3	8.6	9.9
Hakka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,375	2,940	3,435	5.2	4.8	5.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	275	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	4,615	2,115	2,500	3.7	3.5	4.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,565	4,080	4,480	6.9	6.7	7.2
English and French	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,045	3,830	4,210	6.5	6.3	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	123,465	60,810	62,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,975	44,870	45,105	72.9	73.8	72.0
English	12,640	6,095	6,545	10.2	10.0	10.4
French	785	385	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	15,620	7,360	8,260	12.7	12.1	13.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,600	7,355	8,250	12.6	12.1	13.2
English and French	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,040	985	1,055	1.7	1.6	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	435	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,825	855	970	1.5	1.4	1.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	123,140	60,700	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	117,640	58,415	59,225	95.5	96.2	94.9
English	117,615	58,395	59,215	95.5	96.2	94.8
French	7,455	3,470	3,985	6.1	5.7	6.4
Non-official languages	69,035	32,735	36,300	56.1	53.9	58.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	68,985	32,710	36,275	56.0	53.9	58.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,095	2,170	1,925	3.3	3.6	3.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	180	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,955	2,095	1,860	3.2	3.5	3.0
Amharic	650	370	280	0.5	0.6	0.4
Arabic	2,285	1,145	1,140	1.9	1.9	1.8
Aramaic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	255	180	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,325	785	545	1.1	1.3	0.9
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,410	640	770	1.1	1.1	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,365	625	745	1.1	1.0	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	9,235	3,915	5,320	7.5	6.4	8.5
Bikol	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	380	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	645	270	380	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indonesian	470	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kankanaey	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	8,460	3,520	4,940	6.9	5.8	7.9
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,250	665	585	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kannada	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	765	380	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Telugu	335	195	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tulu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	29,920	15,025	14,890	24.3	24.8	23.8
Albanian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,715	2,920	2,800	4.6	4.8	4.5
Baltic languages	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,680	2,890	2,795	4.6	4.8	4.5
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	710	340	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	2,080	1,040	1,040	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	2,205	1,155	1,050	1.8	1.9	1.7
Bosnian	430	235	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Croatian	660	340	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Serbian	1,655	875	775	1.3	1.4	1.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	665	310	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,800	945	855	1.5	1.6	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,245	690	555	1.0	1.1	0.9
German	1,215	675	540	1.0	1.1	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	430	205	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	295	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	345	195	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	14,100	7,105	7,000	11.5	11.7	11.2
Indo-Aryan languages	11,325	5,635	5,685	9.2	9.3	9.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	420	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	760	375	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	5,060	2,540	2,520	4.1	4.2	4.0
Kacchi	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	130	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,735	3,345	3,385	5.5	5.5	5.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Urdu	700	380	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	3,020	1,595	1,425	2.5	2.6	2.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	430	250	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian languages	2,490	1,330	1,160	2.0	2.2	1.9
Dari	1,075	580	485	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iranian Persian	1,215	630	590	1.0	1.0	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	250	145	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,725	4,245	4,480	7.1	7.0	7.2
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,075	500	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	2,110	1,040	1,070	1.7	1.7	1.7
Romanian	910	475	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
Spanish	5,195	2,530	2,670	4.2	4.2	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,675	665	1,005	1.4	1.1	1.6
Korean	2,945	1,230	1,720	2.4	2.0	2.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	705	370	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	19,270	8,815	10,445	15.6	14.5	16.7
Chinese languages	18,970	8,690	10,280	15.4	14.3	16.5
Hakka	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	12,240	5,485	6,750	9.9	9.0	10.8
Min Dong	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,225	515	705	1.0	0.8	1.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	9,550	4,435	5,115	7.8	7.3	8.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	285	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	245	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	215	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	685	385	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Azerbaijani	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	530	310	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Uyghur	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	420	180	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,140	60,700	62,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,120	1,465	1,655	2.5	2.4	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,005	1,425	1,580	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,740	750	990	1.4	1.2	1.6
Métis	1,215	645	565	1.0	1.1	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	120,020	59,235	60,785	97.5	97.6	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,140	60,700	62,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,130	495	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,010	60,205	61,805	99.1	99.2	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,465	...	...	55.4	...	...
Renter	23,725	...	...	44.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	21,640	...	...	40.7	...	...
Not condominium	31,545	...	...	59.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,375	...	...	2.6	...	...
1 bedroom	16,465	...	...	31.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,100	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,280	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,965	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	31,865	...	...	59.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,855	...	...	12.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,030	...	...	7.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,045	...	...	5.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,390	...	...	13.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,430	...	...	94.8	...	...
More than one person per room	2,755	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,735	...	...	89.7	...	...
Not suitable	5,455	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,770	...	...	16.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,840	...	...	22.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,245	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,265	...	...	15.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,805	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,625	...	...	10.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,765	...	...	7.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,870	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,835	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,345	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,575	...	...	51.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,065	...	...	41.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,540	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,380	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,510	...	...	17.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,295	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,670	...	...	18.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,130	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,305	...	...	13.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,485	...	...	6.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,410	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	53,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,475	...	...	70.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,545	...	...	29.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,550	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	21,850	...	...	41.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,450	...	...	25.3	...	...
Not suitable only	3,950	...	...	7.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,055	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,100	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	895	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,335	...	...	58.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	10,065	...	...	19.7	...	...
Not in core need	40,965	...	...	80.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,460	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.6	...	...	63.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,850	...	...	1,850	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	976,000	...	...	976,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.1	...	...	30.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,388	...	...	1,388	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	123,140	60,700	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	995	470	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	980	470	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	760	380	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis single ancestry	210	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,600	1,265	1,330	2.1	2.1	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,550	1,240	1,310	2.1	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,580	715	865	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	915	500	420	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	119,550	58,960	60,585	97.1	97.1	97.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	123,140	60,695	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,605	50,375	51,225	82.5	83.0	82.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,500	9,100	8,395	14.2	15.0	13.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,105	41,275	42,835	68.3	68.0	68.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	21,535	10,325	11,215	17.5	17.0	18.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	123,140	60,695	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	62,640	32,105	30,540	50.9	52.9	48.9
Immigrants⁸¹	54,270	25,450	28,825	44.1	41.9	46.2
Before 1980	6,850	3,330	3,520	5.6	5.5	5.6
1980 to 1990	5,390	2,615	2,775	4.4	4.3	4.4
1991 to 2000	13,090	6,040	7,050	10.6	10.0	11.3
2001 to 2010	13,300	6,030	7,265	10.8	9.9	11.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,645	7,430	8,215	12.7	12.2	13.2
2011 to 2015	6,390	2,930	3,455	5.2	4.8	5.5
2016 to 2021	9,260	4,495	4,760	7.5	7.4	7.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,230	3,145	3,080	5.1	5.2	4.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	54,275	25,450	28,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,785	1,970	1,810	7.0	7.7	6.3
5 to 14 years	8,975	4,560	4,410	16.5	17.9	15.3
15 to 24 years	9,700	4,640	5,060	17.9	18.2	17.6
25 to 44 years	25,895	11,585	14,305	47.7	45.5	49.6
45 years and over	5,920	2,685	3,235	10.9	10.6	11.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	54,275	25,450	28,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,175	1,945	2,230	7.7	7.6	7.7
Brazil	695	305	385	1.3	1.2	1.3
Colombia	270	125	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	345	170	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Guyana	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	160	90	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	605	275	325	1.1	1.1	1.1
Peru	125	40	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	130	40	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	990	490	505	1.8	1.9	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	770	375	400	1.4	1.5	1.4
Europe	8,485	4,300	4,180	15.6	16.9	14.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	680	350	330	1.3	1.4	1.1
Croatia	250	120	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
France	145	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	405	235	170	0.7	0.9	0.6
Greece	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italy	410	225	180	0.8	0.9	0.6
Netherlands	175	65	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Poland	465	225	245	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portugal	255	120	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romania	765	370	395	1.4	1.5	1.4
Russian Federation	580	265	315	1.1	1.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	605	330	275	1.1	1.3	1.0
Ukraine	585	275	310	1.1	1.1	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,575	840	735	2.9	3.3	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	1,310	700	610	2.4	2.8	2.1
Africa	3,545	1,875	1,670	6.5	7.4	5.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	130	65	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	1,065	660	410	2.0	2.6	1.4
Ethiopia	420	230	190	0.8	0.9	0.7
Morocco	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	295	160	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	1,215	570	640	2.2	2.2	2.2
Asia	36,910	16,755	20,160	68.0	65.8	69.9
Afghanistan	880	500	375	1.6	2.0	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	1,000	515	480	1.8	2.0	1.7
Iraq	590	320	275	1.1	1.3	1.0
Lebanon	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	420	180	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
Turkey	180	120	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
China⁹⁰	7,825	3,370	4,450	14.4	13.2	15.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,950	1,410	1,545	5.4	5.5	5.4
Korea, South⁹²	2,105	920	1,190	3.9	3.6	4.1
Taiwan	2,085	935	1,145	3.8	3.7	4.0
Philippines	8,450	3,510	4,945	15.6	13.8	17.2
Viet Nam	1,045	490	555	1.9	1.9	1.9
Bangladesh	170	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	5,315	2,595	2,720	9.8	10.2	9.4
Pakistan	350	195	150	0.6	0.8	0.5
Sri Lanka	330	155	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	3,130	1,405	1,720	5.8	5.5	6.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,155	580	575	2.1	2.3	2.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,260	4,500	4,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,065	505	565	11.5	11.2	11.9
Brazil	500	220	275	5.4	4.9	5.8
Colombia	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	135	80	60	1.5	1.8	1.3
United States of America	170	90	85	1.8	2.0	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	170	75	90	1.8	1.7	1.9
Europe	865	460	405	9.3	10.2	8.5
France	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Germany	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	80	55	25	0.9	1.2	0.5
Italy	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Russian Federation	70	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukraine	160	80	80	1.7	1.8	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	65	35	1.1	1.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	385	210	180	4.2	4.7	3.8
Africa	1,310	775	535	14.1	17.2	11.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	840	530	305	9.1	11.8	6.4
Ethiopia	165	90	70	1.8	2.0	1.5
Morocco	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Somalia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	55	45	1.1	1.2	0.9
Asia	5,935	2,720	3,220	64.1	60.4	67.6
Afghanistan	325	195	125	3.5	4.3	2.6
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,365	585	785	14.7	13.0	16.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	25	60	0.9	0.6	1.3
India	1,325	670	655	14.3	14.9	13.8
Iran⁸⁸	190	95	95	2.1	2.1	2.0
Iraq	135	55	80	1.5	1.2	1.7
Israel	55	40	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Japan	85	20	65	0.9	0.4	1.4
Jordan	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	260	85	180	2.8	1.9	3.8
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Nepal	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	35	15	0.6	0.8	0.3
Philippines	1,000	460	540	10.8	10.2	11.3
Saudi Arabia	40	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Sri Lanka	60	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	310	130	180	3.3	2.9	3.8
Turkey	65	55	10	0.7	1.2	0.2
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	135	55	75	1.5	1.2	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	360	125	230	3.9	2.8	4.8
Oceania and other⁹³	80	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.8
Australia	80	40	35	0.9	0.9	0.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	123,140	60,700	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,840	29,255	32,585	50.2	48.2	52.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,120	15,540	14,580	24.5	25.6	23.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,185	15,905	15,275	25.3	26.2	24.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	47,430	22,120	25,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	26,805	12,760	14,045	56.5	57.7	55.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,430	6,095	5,335	24.1	27.6	21.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,375	6,665	8,705	32.4	30.1	34.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,635	5,040	7,600	26.6	22.8	30.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,360	4,050	3,310	15.5	18.3	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	630	275	355	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	47,430	22,120	25,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,515	850	660	3.2	3.8	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,100	1,775	3,320	10.8	8.0	13.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,445	645	805	3.0	2.9	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,455	1,550	1,910	7.3	7.0	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	165	60	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	35,735	17,235	18,500	75.3	77.9	73.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	123,140	60,700	62,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	69,855	33,470	36,385	56.7	55.1	58.3
South Asian	13,970	7,055	6,915	11.3	11.6	11.1
Chinese	21,340	9,975	11,365	17.3	16.4	18.2
Black	4,595	2,455	2,135	3.7	4.0	3.4
Filipino	11,040	4,875	6,165	9.0	8.0	9.9
Arab	1,530	765	765	1.2	1.3	1.2
Latin American	3,590	1,715	1,870	2.9	2.8	3.0
Southeast Asian	2,585	1,250	1,335	2.1	2.1	2.1
West Asian	2,760	1,485	1,280	2.2	2.4	2.0
Korean	3,045	1,315	1,730	2.5	2.2	2.8
Japanese	1,455	525	935	1.2	0.9	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,100	605	495	0.9	1.0	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	2,840	1,450	1,390	2.3	2.4	2.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,290	27,230	26,060	43.3	44.9	41.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	123,140	60,695	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,520	3,865	3,655	6.1	6.4	5.9
English	15,365	7,835	7,535	12.5	12.9	12.1
Irish	10,685	5,290	5,400	8.7	8.7	8.6
Scottish	12,885	6,260	6,630	10.5	10.3	10.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,025	2,660	2,360	4.1	4.4	3.8
German	7,840	3,935	3,905	6.4	6.5	6.3
Chinese	19,840	9,315	10,520	16.1	15.3	16.8
Italian	3,805	1,910	1,890	3.1	3.1	3.0
Indian (India)	8,320	4,205	4,115	6.8	6.9	6.6
Ukrainian	4,125	1,950	2,175	3.3	3.2	3.5
Dutch	2,475	1,335	1,135	2.0	2.2	1.8
Polish	2,930	1,370	1,560	2.4	2.3	2.5
Québécois	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,960	1,595	1,360	2.4	2.6	2.2
Filipino	10,475	4,700	5,775	8.5	7.7	9.2
French Canadian	820	395	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,355	725	625	1.1	1.2	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,180	525	655	1.0	0.9	1.0
Métis	1,190	610	580	1.0	1.0	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,585	830	750	1.3	1.4	1.2
Russian	2,625	1,335	1,290	2.1	2.2	2.1
Norwegian	2,230	1,045	1,185	1.8	1.7	1.9
Welsh	1,620	790	830	1.3	1.3	1.3
Portuguese	1,365	650	715	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	1,150	625	530	0.9	1.0	0.8
Spanish	2,160	1,020	1,145	1.8	1.7	1.8
Swedish	1,440	640	805	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hungarian	1,080	515	565	0.9	0.8	0.9
Acadian	130	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pakistani	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,120	615	505	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jewish	680	300	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	2,150	1,070	1,080	1.7	1.8	1.7
Vietnamese	1,880	915	965	1.5	1.5	1.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	780	390	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Greek	590	310	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	360	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,010	955	1,055	1.6	1.6	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	320	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	3,045	1,330	1,715	2.5	2.2	2.7
Romanian	1,110	590	520	0.9	1.0	0.8
Lebanese	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	1,055	555	500	0.9	0.9	0.8
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	495	270	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	635	355	275	0.5	0.6	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sikh	1,475	750	725	1.2	1.2	1.2
Austrian	800	380	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belgian	355	200	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	640	320	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexican	1,080	505	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mennonite	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	390	230	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	570	295	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sri Lankan	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	670	335	330	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	1,850	760	1,090	1.5	1.3	1.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	945	455	490	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	480	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	400	215	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	650	320	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	520	245	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombian	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	580	320	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	55	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	1,120	620	505	0.9	1.0	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	1,430	790	640	1.2	1.3	1.0
Ojibway	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	1,155	570	580	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ontarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	460	250	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	185	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkish	365	235	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	1,005	485	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigerian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	385	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	2,100	985	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.8
Iraqi	340	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Salvadorean	380	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	450	205	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	295	160	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	210	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chilean	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	340	205	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	45	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	630	360	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
African Canadian	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuban	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	450	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Venezuelan	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	605	305	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Laotian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	285	165	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Fijian	650	350	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jatt	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	265	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	495	305	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nicaraguan	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mayan	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Goan	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Zimbabwean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tanzanian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Roma	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	123,140	60,700	62,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	3,010	1,375	1,635	2.4	2.3	2.6
Christian	47,545	22,180	25,365	38.6	36.5	40.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,565	5,390	6,180	9.4	8.9	9.9
Anabaptist	305	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anglican	1,870	780	1,085	1.5	1.3	1.7
Baptist	1,165	490	675	0.9	0.8	1.1
Catholic	20,615	9,785	10,825	16.7	16.1	17.3
Christian Orthodox	4,240	2,225	2,015	3.4	3.7	3.2
Jehovah's Witness	520	240	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	825	340	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,045	480	565	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	810	305	505	0.7	0.5	0.8
Reformed	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	1,650	635	1,015	1.3	1.0	1.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,390	1,110	1,285	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hindu	3,515	1,765	1,750	2.9	2.9	2.8
Jewish	355	205	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	6,390	3,350	3,040	5.2	5.5	4.9
Sikh	6,275	3,065	3,205	5.1	5.0	5.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,415	630	790	1.1	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	54,610	28,125	26,490	44.3	46.3	42.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	122,005	60,160	61,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,990	51,250	52,740	85.2	85.2	85.3
Movers	18,015	8,915	9,100	14.8	14.8	14.7
Non-migrants	8,065	3,990	4,075	6.6	6.6	6.6
Migrants	9,950	4,925	5,025	8.2	8.2	8.1
Internal migrants	7,970	3,975	3,990	6.5	6.6	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,655	3,280	3,375	5.5	5.5	5.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,310	690	615	1.1	1.1	1.0
External migrants	1,985	950	1,030	1.6	1.6	1.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	117,455	57,870	59,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,165	31,720	33,445	55.5	54.8	56.1
Movers	52,285	26,150	26,135	44.5	45.2	43.9
Non-migrants	14,230	7,180	7,050	12.1	12.4	11.8
Migrants	38,060	18,975	19,090	32.4	32.8	32.0
Internal migrants	26,790	13,370	13,420	22.8	23.1	22.5
Intraprovincial migrants	23,060	11,390	11,670	19.6	19.7	19.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,730	1,985	1,750	3.2	3.4	2.9
External migrants	11,265	5,600	5,665	9.6	9.7	9.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,720	52,155	54,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,955	7,120	6,835	13.1	13.7	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,760	45,035	47,730	86.9	86.3	87.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,680	36,790	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,035	3,355	2,675	8.1	9.1	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,645	33,430	35,210	91.9	90.9	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,715	52,150	54,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,450	6,200	6,255	11.7	11.9	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,570	14,640	13,935	26.8	28.1	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,690	31,315	34,375	61.6	60.0	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,565	14,170	14,395	26.8	27.2	26.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,395	4,580	1,820	6.0	8.8	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,155	1,870	1,280	3.0	3.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,240	2,705	540	3.0	5.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,950	7,780	10,170	16.8	14.9	18.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,225	1,815	2,410	4.0	3.5	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	37,130	17,145	19,980	34.8	32.9	36.6
Bachelor's degree	25,100	11,460	13,645	23.5	22.0	25.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,685	1,105	1,580	2.5	2.1	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	695	320	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	7,600	3,655	3,950	7.1	7.0	7.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,040	605	435	1.0	1.2	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,680	36,790	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,120	2,845	2,280	6.9	7.7	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,585	9,125	7,455	22.2	24.8	19.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,975	24,820	28,155	70.9	67.5	74.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,470	10,605	10,870	28.7	28.8	28.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,325	3,115	1,205	5.8	8.5	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,115	1,255	860	2.8	3.4	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210	1,865	345	3.0	5.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,965	6,090	7,880	18.7	16.6	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,180	1,395	1,785	4.3	3.8	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,505	14,215	17,290	42.2	38.6	45.6
Bachelor's degree	21,195	9,495	11,700	28.4	25.8	30.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,250	915	1,335	3.0	2.5	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	245	345	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	6,655	3,120	3,530	8.9	8.5	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	815	445	375	1.1	1.2	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,715	52,155	54,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,025	20,835	20,180	38.4	39.9	37.0
Education	3,575	810	2,765	3.4	1.6	5.1
13. Education	3,575	810	2,765	3.4	1.6	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,545	1,725	1,825	3.3	3.3	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	560	370	190	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,990	1,350	1,640	2.8	2.6	3.0
Humanities	3,870	1,490	2,380	3.6	2.9	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	625	145	475	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,105	315	795	1.0	0.6	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,085	440	645	1.0	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	155	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	165	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	420	235	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,365	3,010	5,355	7.8	5.8	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,130	375	755	1.1	0.7	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	995	130	870	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,185	405	780	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	200	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,510	425	1,085	1.4	0.8	2.0
45. Social sciences	3,225	1,580	1,645	3.0	3.0	3.0
Business, management and public administration	14,450	5,935	8,510	13.5	11.4	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	170	405	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,840	5,755	8,085	13.0	11.0	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,965	1,540	1,425	2.8	3.0	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,255	550	710	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	670	345	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	905	605	305	0.8	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,140	2,750	1,390	3.9	5.3	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,500	2,495	1,010	3.3	4.8	1.9
25. Library science	170	20	150	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	395	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,145	10,290	1,855	11.4	19.7	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	560	340	220	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	4,935	3,860	1,070	4.6	7.4	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,285	1,930	355	2.1	3.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,040	1,955	85	1.9	3.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,560	1,485	80	1.5	2.8	0.1
48. Precision production	765	730	40	0.7	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	995	510	490	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	590	300	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	405	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	8,900	1,955	6,950	8.3	3.7	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	595	315	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,105	1,550	6,555	7.6	3.0	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,730	1,300	1,430	2.6	2.5	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,855	635	1,215	1.7	1.2	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	335	210	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	540	455	90	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,680	36,790	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,700	11,970	9,730	29.1	32.5	25.7
Education	2,520	530	1,990	3.4	1.4	5.3
13. Education	2,520	530	1,990	3.4	1.4	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,850	1,385	1,465	3.8	3.8	3.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	440	290	150	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	2,415	1,095	1,320	3.2	3.0	3.5
Humanities	3,015	1,110	1,900	4.0	3.0	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	480	95	395	0.6	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	900	250	660	1.2	0.7	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	855	370	490	1.1	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	110	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	315	160	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,095	2,530	4,565	9.5	6.9	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,020	340	680	1.4	0.9	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	110	675	1.0	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	325	705	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,260	350	910	1.7	1.0	2.4
45. Social sciences	2,735	1,335	1,400	3.7	3.6	3.7
Business, management and public administration	12,000	4,890	7,110	16.1	13.3	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	105	320	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,550	4,770	6,775	15.5	13.0	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,230	1,070	1,165	3.0	2.9	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	995	390	610	1.3	1.1	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	465	205	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	665	440	230	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,695	2,485	1,205	4.9	6.8	3.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,205	2,290	920	4.3	6.2	2.4
25. Library science	120	20	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	320	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,510	7,870	1,635	12.7	21.4	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	475	270	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	4,245	3,240	1,005	5.7	8.8	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,680	1,405	270	2.2	3.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,535	1,460	75	2.1	4.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,105	1,055	50	1.5	2.9	0.1
48. Precision production	480	445	35	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	775	360	420	1.0	1.0	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	205	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Health and related fields	7,225	1,580	5,645	9.7	4.3	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	475	245	225	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,585	1,280	5,310	8.8	3.5	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,070	1,005	1,060	2.8	2.7	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,400	510	890	1.9	1.4	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	255	165	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	335	80	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,680	36,790	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,700	11,970	9,730	29.1	32.5	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	52,980	24,820	28,155	70.9	67.5	74.3
Location of study inside Canada	34,530	16,450	18,080	46.2	44.7	47.7
Same as province or territory of residence	29,075	13,540	15,535	38.9	36.8	41.0
Different than province or territory of residence	5,450	2,910	2,540	7.3	7.9	6.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,450	8,370	10,075	24.7	22.8	26.6
Americas	3,500	1,745	1,755	4.7	4.7	4.6
United States of America	1,650	890	760	2.2	2.4	2.0
Mexico	505	215	285	0.7	0.6	0.8
Cuba	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	915	435	480	1.2	1.2	1.3
Colombia	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	175	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	3,175	1,650	1,525	4.3	4.5	4.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	360	180	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	350	170	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	350	145	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	130	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	735	405	330	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	200	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Europe	425	220	205	0.6	0.6	0.5
Africa	560	295	265	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	295	165	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Asia	10,820	4,475	6,345	14.5	12.2	16.7
Iran⁸⁸	365	175	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,080	900	1,180	2.8	2.4	3.1
Taiwan	430	105	320	0.6	0.3	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	245	75	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Japan	350	60	295	0.5	0.2	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	765	290	480	1.0	0.8	1.3
Philippines	3,520	1,370	2,150	4.7	3.7	5.7
Viet Nam	95	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,790	850	935	2.4	2.3	2.5
Pakistan	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	585	305	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
Oceania	390	205	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Australia	290	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,715	52,150	54,565	...	...	...
In the labour force	72,125	37,275	34,855	...	...	...
Employed	65,835	34,170	31,670	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,285	3,100	3,185	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,595	14,880	19,710	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.6	71.5	63.9	67.6	71.5	63.9
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	58.0	61.7	65.5	58.0
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.3	9.1	8.7	8.3	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,715	52,155	54,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,735	15,530	20,200	33.5	29.8	37.0
Worked	70,985	36,620	34,360	66.5	70.2	63.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,810	21,450	17,365	36.4	41.1	31.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,170	15,175	17,000	30.1	29.1	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.6	41.3	42.0	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	72,125	37,275	34,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,630	675	950	2.3	1.8	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,500	36,600	33,900	97.7	98.2	97.3
Employee	61,480	30,975	30,505	85.2	83.1	87.5
Permanent position	52,030	26,465	25,565	72.1	71.0	73.4
Temporary position	9,450	4,515	4,945	13.1	12.1	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,565	1,735	1,825	4.9	4.7	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,890	2,775	3,115	8.2	7.4	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,015	5,620	3,390	12.5	15.1	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	72,125	37,275	34,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,630	675	950	2.3	1.8	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,500	36,600	33,900	97.7	98.2	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	525	405	120	0.7	1.1	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,825	4,545	9,280	19.2	12.2	26.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,105	6,070	2,035	11.2	16.3	5.8
3 Health occupations	5,550	1,225	4,325	7.7	3.3	12.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,545	2,405	5,140	10.5	6.5	14.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,360	1,715	1,650	4.7	4.6	4.7
6 Sales and service occupations	17,490	8,130	9,360	24.2	21.8	26.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,210	10,130	1,075	15.5	27.2	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	605	455	145	0.8	1.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,285	1,520	765	3.2	4.1	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	72,125	37,275	34,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,630	675	950	2.3	1.8	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	70,500	36,600	33,900	97.7	98.2	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	290	160	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	140	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
22 Utilities	645	415	235	0.9	1.1	0.7
23 Construction	5,660	4,810	845	7.8	12.9	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	4,410	2,930	1,475	6.1	7.9	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,640	1,670	965	3.7	4.5	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,435	3,630	3,800	10.3	9.7	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,385	3,320	1,065	6.1	8.9	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	3,190	2,115	1,075	4.4	5.7	3.1
52 Finance and insurance	3,005	1,415	1,585	4.2	3.8	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,445	775	670	2.0	2.1	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,595	4,265	3,335	10.5	11.4	9.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	170	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,120	1,725	1,400	4.3	4.6	4.0
61 Educational services	4,960	1,705	3,260	6.9	4.6	9.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,040	1,830	7,205	12.5	4.9	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,375	665	710	1.9	1.8	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,460	1,960	2,505	6.2	5.3	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,130	1,330	1,805	4.3	3.6	5.2
91 Public administration	3,390	1,685	1,710	4.7	4.5	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,595	39,425	37,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,845	35,665	33,180	89.9	90.5	89.3
French	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	1,595	760	840	2.1	1.9	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,595	760	840	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and French	625	295	325	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	5,180	2,540	2,645	6.8	6.4	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	165	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,595	39,425	37,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,435	38,815	36,615	98.5	98.5	98.5
Official languages	72,520	37,400	35,120	94.7	94.9	94.5
English	72,375	37,350	35,030	94.5	94.7	94.3
French	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	2,910	1,420	1,495	3.8	3.6	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,910	1,420	1,495	3.8	3.6	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	550	320	230	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	280	175	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	210	135	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	130	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	285	150	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,745	825	915	2.3	2.1	2.5
Chinese languages	1,745	825	915	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,055	475	580	1.4	1.2	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	660	340	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,165	615	550	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and French	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,065	555	510	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,595	39,425	37,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,485	36,950	34,530	93.3	93.7	92.9
English	1,070	515	550	1.4	1.3	1.5
French	485	235	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,680	1,330	1,345	3.5	3.4	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,675	1,325	1,345	3.5	3.4	3.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	600	265	330	0.8	0.7	0.9
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,840	34,170	31,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,880	8,515	8,370	25.6	24.9	26.4
Worked outside Canada	270	175	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	8,390	6,360	2,035	12.7	18.6	6.4
Usual place of work	40,290	19,120	21,175	61.2	56.0	66.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,290	19,125	21,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,125	4,565	6,560	27.6	23.9	31.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	28,755	14,305	14,450	71.4	74.8	68.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	295	190	100	0.7	1.0	0.5
Commute to a different province or territory	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,685	25,480	23,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,850	19,060	14,790	69.5	74.8	63.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,970	18,135	12,835	63.6	71.2	55.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,880	930	1,950	5.9	3.6	8.4
Public transit	10,940	4,730	6,210	22.5	18.6	26.8
Walked	2,580	930	1,645	5.3	3.6	7.1
Bicycle	405	335	65	0.8	1.3	0.3
Other method	915	420	490	1.9	1.6	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,685	25,480	23,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,750	3,460	4,290	15.9	13.6	18.5
15 to 29 minutes	16,460	8,895	7,560	33.8	34.9	32.6
30 to 44 minutes	14,420	8,020	6,400	29.6	31.5	27.6
45 to 59 minutes	5,865	2,955	2,915	12.0	11.6	12.6
60 minutes and over	4,195	2,150	2,040	8.6	8.4	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,685	25,480	23,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,145	2,165	980	6.5	8.5	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,200	4,975	3,230	16.8	19.5	13.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,640	5,985	5,650	23.9	23.5	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,215	4,695	5,515	21.0	18.4	23.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,190	3,715	4,470	16.8	14.6	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,300	3,940	3,360	15.0	15.5	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,990	10,340	9,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,025	525	500	5.1	5.1	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,965	9,815	9,145	94.9	94.9	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,870	7,260	6,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	395	380	5.6	5.4	5.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	195	200	2.8	2.7	3.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	200	180	2.7	2.8	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,095	6,865	6,230	94.4	94.6	94.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table