Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nanaimo--LadysmithMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	134,509	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	122,710	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	61,292	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	57,892	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	77.9	...	...	77.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,726.78	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	134,510	65,420	69,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,635	9,615	9,020	13.9	14.7	13.1
0 to 4 years	5,275	2,730	2,540	3.9	4.2	3.7
5 to 9 years	6,455	3,285	3,170	4.8	5.0	4.6
10 to 14 years	6,905	3,605	3,305	5.1	5.5	4.8
15 to 64 years	81,265	39,730	41,535	60.4	60.7	60.1
15 to 19 years	6,230	3,225	3,005	4.6	4.9	4.3
20 to 24 years	6,915	3,575	3,335	5.1	5.5	4.8
25 to 29 years	7,570	3,895	3,675	5.6	6.0	5.3
30 to 34 years	8,120	3,940	4,180	6.0	6.0	6.0
35 to 39 years	8,595	4,235	4,360	6.4	6.5	6.3
40 to 44 years	7,740	3,775	3,970	5.8	5.8	5.7
45 to 49 years	7,510	3,635	3,880	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	8,300	3,925	4,380	6.2	6.0	6.3
55 to 59 years	9,705	4,635	5,070	7.2	7.1	7.3
60 to 64 years	10,575	4,890	5,680	7.9	7.5	8.2
65 years and over	34,610	16,075	18,530	25.7	24.6	26.8
65 to 69 years	10,800	5,055	5,740	8.0	7.7	8.3
70 to 74 years	9,340	4,370	4,975	6.9	6.7	7.2
75 to 79 years	6,380	3,090	3,280	4.7	4.7	4.7
80 to 84 years	4,095	1,965	2,130	3.0	3.0	3.1
85 years and over	4,005	1,595	2,405	3.0	2.4	3.5
85 to 89 years	2,405	1,015	1,390	1.8	1.6	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,215	470	745	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	325	95	230	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.7	13.1	13.9	14.7	13.1
15 to 64 years	60.4	60.7	60.1	60.4	60.7	60.1
65 years and over	25.7	24.6	26.8	25.7	24.6	26.8
85 years and over	3.0	2.4	3.5	3.0	2.4	3.5
Average age of the population	45.7	44.6	46.7	45.7	44.6	46.7
Median age of the population	47.2	45.6	48.8	47.2	45.6	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	57,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,495	...	...	59.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,500	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	2,220	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,490	...	...	11.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,700	...	...	15.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,390	...	...	2.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,950	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	57,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,330	...	...	29.9	...	...
2 persons	22,950	...	...	39.6	...	...
3 persons	7,925	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	6,140	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	131,250	64,010	67,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	115,875	55,800	60,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,310	33,100	33,215	57.2	59.3	55.3
Married	51,945	25,950	25,995	44.8	46.5	43.3
Living common-law	14,370	7,150	7,220	12.4	12.8	12.0
Living common law - Never married	9,830	4,915	4,915	8.5	8.8	8.2
Living common law - Separated	570	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,565	1,810	1,755	3.1	3.2	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	405	140	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	49,560	22,705	26,855	42.8	40.7	44.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,280	15,960	13,325	25.3	28.6	22.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,350	1,460	1,890	2.9	2.6	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,715	3,645	6,070	8.4	6.5	10.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,210	1,640	5,565	6.2	2.9	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,835	...	...	61.7	...	...
3 persons	7,160	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	5,550	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,060	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,305	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	25,130	...	...	65.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,155	...	...	26.3	...	...
Without children	14,975	...	...	38.8	...	...
Common-law couples	7,175	...	...	18.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,345	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	4,830	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,295	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,775	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,250	64,010	67,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	102,290	50,530	51,765	77.9	78.9	77.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	64,620	32,225	32,395	49.2	50.3	48.2
Parents in one-parent families	6,290	1,515	4,780	4.8	2.4	7.1
Children⁶	31,380	16,785	14,595	23.9	26.2	21.7
In a two-parent family	22,085	11,755	10,330	16.8	18.4	15.4
In a one-parent family	9,300	5,030	4,265	7.1	7.9	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,955	13,480	15,470	22.1	21.1	23.0
Living alone	17,330	7,455	9,870	13.2	11.6	14.7
Living with other relatives⁷	3,230	1,400	1,830	2.5	2.2	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	8,405	4,630	3,775	6.4	7.2	5.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	57,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,010	...	...	57.0	...	...
Couple-family households	28,370	...	...	49.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,815	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	17,550	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,645	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,390	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	470	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,540	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,150	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	17,330	...	...	29.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	112,650	54,420	58,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,935	53,055	56,890	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,800	36,000	39,600	44,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,005	53,095	56,915	97.7	97.6	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	33,200	36,400	40,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,340	47,980	50,355	87.3	88.2	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,800	26,400	32,000	38,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,800	36,570	36,230	64.6	67.2	62.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,200	34,400	40,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,270	43,445	50,830	83.7	79.8	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,900	12,500	12,300	11,900	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,105	4,850	5,255	9.0	8.9	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,235	13,180	15,050	25.1	24.2	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	112,670	54,435	58,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,905	53,040	56,865	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	55,700	42,840	49,080	55,700	42,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,980	53,075	56,905	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	47,320	37,920	42,440	47,320	37,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,295	47,855	50,440	87.2	87.9	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	51,080	35,560	43,120	51,080	35,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,825	36,630	36,190	64.6	67.3	62.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	50,840	36,640	43,800	50,840	36,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,315	43,400	50,910	83.7	79.7	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,240	11,760	12,650	12,240	11,760	12,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,040	4,850	5,190	8.9	8.9	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,180	6,650	6,420	6,180	6,650
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,225	13,085	15,140	25.1	24.0	26.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,690	9,000	8,850	8,690	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	112,675	54,435	58,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,180	17,050	14,130	27.7	31.3	24.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,500	53,600	59,600	65,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800	73,600	58,750	66,800	73,600	58,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,380	14,545	16,830	27.9	26.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,400	16,800	19,200	22,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	35,560	24,400	29,560	35,560	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	82.8	73.6	78.6	82.8	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.1	63.0	54.4	59.1	63.0	54.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	17.3	26.4	21.4	17.3	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.8	7.2	5.9	4.8	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.6	4.6	3.9	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	112,650	54,415	58,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,715	1,365	1,345	2.4	2.5	2.3
With total income	109,940	53,050	56,885	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,630	3,805	4,820	7.8	7.2	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	13,125	5,330	7,795	11.9	10.0	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	18,085	7,580	10,505	16.4	14.3	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,500	6,770	8,725	14.1	12.8	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,525	6,145	7,380	12.3	11.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,410	4,960	5,450	9.5	9.3	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,825	4,135	3,690	7.1	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,795	3,300	2,495	5.3	6.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,425	2,585	1,840	4.0	4.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,290	1,990	1,305	3.0	3.8	2.3
$100,000 and over	9,335	6,460	2,875	8.5	12.2	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	6,715	4,525	2,195	6.1	8.5	3.9
$150,000 and over	2,615	1,935	680	2.4	3.6	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	112,650	54,415	58,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,645	1,325	1,320	2.3	2.4	2.3
With after-tax income	110,010	53,090	56,915	97.7	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,120	3,970	5,155	8.3	7.5	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,625	5,520	8,105	12.4	10.4	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	20,440	8,665	11,775	18.6	16.3	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	17,810	7,955	9,855	16.2	15.0	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	14,915	6,960	7,955	13.6	13.1	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,675	5,460	5,215	9.7	10.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,440	4,220	3,225	6.8	7.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,240	3,115	2,125	4.8	5.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	2,250	1,420	3.3	4.2	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,310	1,530	780	2.1	2.9	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,765	3,455	1,315	4.3	6.5	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,675	1,915	765	2.4	3.6	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,085	1,540	545	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	112,650	54,415	58,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	39,850	17,845	22,000	35.4	32.8	37.8
With employment income	72,805	36,570	36,235	64.6	67.2	62.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,085	5,175	5,905	15.2	14.2	16.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,960	2,560	3,395	8.2	7.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,755	3,805	4,950	12.0	10.4	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,440	3,295	4,150	10.2	9.0	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	7,175	3,265	3,915	9.9	8.9	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,555	3,085	3,470	9.0	8.4	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,765	2,810	2,955	7.9	7.7	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,570	2,510	2,055	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670	2,175	1,495	5.0	5.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	1,725	1,240	4.1	4.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	1,470	950	3.3	4.0	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,445	4,690	1,750	8.9	12.8	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430	2,340	1,090	4.7	6.4	3.0
$125,000 and over	3,010	2,355	660	4.1	6.4	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	112,650	54,420	58,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	107,305	51,610	55,695	95.3	94.8	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	32,400	37,200	43,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	107,495	51,650	55,845	95.4	94.9	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	29,800	34,000	39,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,635	47,505	50,125	86.7	87.3	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,400	27,800	33,200	40,400	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,870	38,290	38,580	68.2	70.4	66.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,200	33,200	39,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,340	34,240	44,100	69.5	62.9	75.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,500	9,000	9,200	9,500	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,570	3,600	3,970	6.7	6.6	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,080	5,440	5,240	5,080	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	112,670	54,435	58,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	107,290	51,665	55,625	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	55,600	39,920	47,480	55,600	39,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	107,480	51,700	55,775	95.4	95.0	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,480	34,840	40,440	46,480	34,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,430	47,420	50,010	86.5	87.1	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,550	35,760	44,400	53,550	35,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,920	38,415	38,510	68.3	70.6	66.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	51,080	34,840	42,920	51,080	34,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,260	34,200	44,060	69.5	62.8	75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,770	9,830	9,800	9,770	9,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,535	3,545	3,995	6.7	6.5	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,740	6,160	7,260	6,740	6,160	7,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	112,675	54,435	58,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,060	16,985	14,070	27.6	31.2	24.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	63,200	49,600	56,000	63,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,550	71,200	54,250	63,550	71,200	54,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,995	13,910	16,080	26.6	25.6	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	30,000	21,800	24,800	30,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	43,480	28,320	35,360	43,480	28,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.4	80.6	85.0	88.4	80.6
Employment income (%)	64.8	68.2	60.4	64.8	68.2	60.4
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.6	19.5	15.0	11.6	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	57,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	40,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	57,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,100	...	...	93,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,600	...	...	80,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,520	...	...	42,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	40,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	57,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,210	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,615	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,980	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,095	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,400	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,555	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,625	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,765	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,535	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,065	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,745	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,675	...	...	35.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,705	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,765	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,360	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,845	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	57,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	650	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	510	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,260	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,735	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,265	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,400	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,865	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,930	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,805	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,450	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,005	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,645	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,025	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,645	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,420	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,560	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,190	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,670	...	...	9.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,725	12,080	13,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	37,600	35,600	36,800	37,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,200	34,000	34,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,100	...	...	87,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,765	12,030	13,735	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,600	46,840	42,640	44,600	46,840	42,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,240	40,720	37,960	39,240	40,720	37,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,250	64,010	67,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,415	11,565	10,850	17.1	18.1	16.1
0 to 5 years	6,530	3,370	3,160	5.0	5.3	4.7
18 to 64 years	76,495	37,175	39,320	58.3	58.1	58.5
65 years and over	32,345	15,265	17,075	24.6	23.8	25.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,295	6,570	7,725	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,795	1,465	1,330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	835	435	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,355	3,445	3,910	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,135	1,655	2,485	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.3	11.5	10.9	10.3	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.7	12.3	12.5	12.7	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8	13.0	12.6	12.8	13.0	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.3	9.9	9.6	9.3	9.9
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.8	14.5	12.8	10.8	14.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	129,350	63,055	66,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,830	11,270	10,565	16.9	17.9	15.9
0 to 5 years	6,360	3,285	3,075	4.9	5.2	4.6
18 to 64 years	75,390	36,640	38,755	58.3	58.1	58.5
65 years and over	32,130	15,145	16,975	24.8	24.0	25.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,495	2,850	2,645	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	870	450	420	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	225	120	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,025	2,135	1,890	...	...	...
65 years and over	600	265	335	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.5	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.8	4.9	5.3	5.8	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,255	64,010	67,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,860	32,650	36,210	52.5	51.0	53.9
In bottom decile	13,965	6,695	7,270	10.6	10.5	10.8
In second decile	14,210	6,520	7,695	10.8	10.2	11.4
In third decile	13,695	6,445	7,250	10.4	10.1	10.8
In fourth decile	13,305	6,385	6,920	10.1	10.0	10.3
In fifth decile	13,670	6,605	7,070	10.4	10.3	10.5
In top half of the distribution	62,395	31,360	31,030	47.5	49.0	46.1
In sixth decile	13,465	6,655	6,810	10.3	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	12,875	6,380	6,490	9.8	10.0	9.7
In eighth decile	13,110	6,600	6,515	10.0	10.3	9.7
In ninth decile	12,530	6,375	6,155	9.5	10.0	9.2
In top decile	10,410	5,350	5,065	7.9	8.4	7.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,250	...	...	131,250	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431	...	...	0.431	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	132,955	64,830	68,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	123,370	60,670	62,700	92.8	93.6	92.0
French only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,810	3,825	4,985	6.6	5.9	7.3
Neither English nor French	740	325	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	132,955	64,830	68,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	130,585	63,710	66,875	98.2	98.3	98.2
French	1,485	725	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	695	305	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	132,955	64,830	68,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	130,610	63,775	66,835	98.2	98.4	98.1
Official languages	117,775	57,885	59,890	88.6	89.3	87.9
English	116,195	57,105	59,085	87.4	88.1	86.7
French	1,575	775	805	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	12,840	5,895	6,945	9.7	9.1	10.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,755	5,855	6,900	9.6	9.0	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	540	300	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	515	285	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	460	255	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	285	355	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	570	255	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	975	370	610	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	770	285	480	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,855	3,250	3,600	5.2	5.0	5.3
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,185	535	650	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,170	525	640	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,390	1,100	1,290	1.8	1.7	1.9
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,245	570	680	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	1,210	550	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	780	385	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	625	305	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	350	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	190	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,985	1,025	960	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,770	915	850	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	255	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,225	615	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,160	510	645	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	670	285	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	300	80	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	550	255	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,165	990	1,175	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese languages	2,165	985	1,175	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,620	740	880	1.2	1.1	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	445	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,350	1,055	1,290	1.8	1.6	1.9
English and French	535	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,525	705	820	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	132,955	64,830	68,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	120,000	58,825	61,175	90.3	90.7	89.8
French	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,815	1,360	1,455	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,810	1,355	1,455	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	1,215	535	680	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	8,205	3,780	4,420	6.2	5.8	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	132,955	64,830	68,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	131,315	64,070	67,240	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	125,855	61,435	64,420	94.7	94.8	94.6
English	125,500	61,265	64,240	94.4	94.5	94.3
French	360	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,455	2,635	2,820	4.1	4.1	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,440	2,630	2,815	4.1	4.1	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	305	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	395	175	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	160	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	440	210	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	340	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,045	990	1,060	1.5	1.5	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,115	555	565	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,010	510	500	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	770	385	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	320	140	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	215	95	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	440	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,480	715	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese languages	1,480	715	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,190	580	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,645	765	875	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	660	755	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	132,955	64,830	68,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,405	60,935	63,470	93.6	94.0	93.2
English	2,315	1,105	1,210	1.7	1.7	1.8
French	995	430	560	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	4,245	1,900	2,345	3.2	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,140	1,850	2,285	3.1	2.9	3.4
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	205	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	480	205	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,265	64,010	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	130,495	63,655	66,835	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	130,465	63,635	66,825	99.4	99.4	99.4
French	8,835	3,850	4,985	6.7	6.0	7.4
Non-official languages	18,965	8,740	10,230	14.4	13.7	15.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	440	200	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	310	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	285	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,535	8,535	9,995	14.1	13.3	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	695	360	335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	650	345	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	535	265	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	785	340	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	695	305	390	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,380	540	840	1.1	0.8	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,170	465	710	0.9	0.7	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,115	5,270	5,850	8.5	8.2	8.7
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,525	700	820	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,515	695	820	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	335	155	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	480	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	160	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,595	1,650	1,945	2.7	2.6	2.9
Frisian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,080	965	1,115	1.6	1.5	1.7
German	2,060	955	1,105	1.6	1.5	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,145	560	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	320	190	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	820	385	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	550	210	345	0.4	0.3	0.5
Danish	255	85	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,835	1,415	1,415	2.2	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,510	1,260	1,245	1.9	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,265	665	595	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kacchi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,685	820	865	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	325	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	325	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,475	1,615	1,855	2.6	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	570	280	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,750	1,250	1,495	2.1	2.0	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	625	220	410	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korean	710	325	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	240	70	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	210	50	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,555	1,195	1,355	1.9	1.9	2.0
Chinese languages	2,550	1,195	1,350	1.9	1.9	2.0
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,000	930	1,075	1.5	1.5	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	680	330	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	155	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	400	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	265	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,265	64,015	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,775	5,555	6,220	9.0	8.7	9.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,285	5,345	5,945	8.6	8.3	8.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,015	3,300	3,710	5.3	5.2	5.5
Métis	4,190	2,000	2,195	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	120	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	119,490	58,455	61,035	91.0	91.3	90.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,265	64,015	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,365	2,630	2,735	4.1	4.1	4.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	125,900	61,385	64,520	95.9	95.9	95.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	40,995	...	...	70.8	...	...
Renter	16,605	...	...	28.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,640	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not condominium	50,260	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	7,065	...	...	12.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,520	...	...	28.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,850	...	...	32.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,075	...	...	26.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,130	...	...	27.9	...	...
5 rooms	9,750	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	8,450	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,755	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,815	...	...	29.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,270	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	630	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	55,915	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,985	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,565	...	...	13.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,650	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,355	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,540	...	...	18.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,120	...	...	5.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,295	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,835	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,535	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,360	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,055	...	...	48.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,615	...	...	46.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,230	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,680	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,550	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,565	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,775	...	...	15.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,590	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,115	...	...	20.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,570	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,055	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	57,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,230	...	...	77.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,790	...	...	22.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,615	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	57,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,850	...	...	29.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,725	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,440	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,415	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	320	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	725	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,050	...	...	70.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,020	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not in core need	49,825	...	...	89.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.6	...	...	56.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	659,000	...	...	659,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,565	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.8	...	...	39.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	300	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	412	...	...	412	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,270	64,015	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,070	2,490	2,575	3.9	3.9	3.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,980	2,450	2,530	3.8	3.8	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,145	2,005	2,135	3.2	3.1	3.2
Métis single ancestry	805	425	380	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,610	3,385	4,225	5.8	5.3	6.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,325	3,250	4,075	5.6	5.1	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,730	2,065	2,665	3.6	3.2	4.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,520	1,135	1,385	1.9	1.8	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	285	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,590	58,140	60,455	90.3	90.8	89.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,270	64,010	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	124,385	60,805	63,580	94.8	95.0	94.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,830	11,315	10,520	16.6	17.7	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	102,550	49,495	53,060	78.1	77.3	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,885	3,205	3,675	5.2	5.0	5.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,270	64,010	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	109,570	53,890	55,680	83.5	84.2	82.8
Immigrants⁸¹	19,720	9,175	10,545	15.0	14.3	15.7
Before 1980	7,995	3,800	4,195	6.1	5.9	6.2
1980 to 1990	2,185	1,000	1,185	1.7	1.6	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,175	945	1,235	1.7	1.5	1.8
2001 to 2010	3,195	1,520	1,675	2.4	2.4	2.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,160	1,905	2,260	3.2	3.0	3.4
2011 to 2015	1,725	790	935	1.3	1.2	1.4
2016 to 2021	2,440	1,115	1,325	1.9	1.7	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,980	950	1,030	1.5	1.5	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,720	9,170	10,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,265	1,115	1,150	11.5	12.2	10.9
5 to 14 years	3,825	1,850	1,970	19.4	20.2	18.7
15 to 24 years	3,880	1,695	2,180	19.7	18.5	20.7
25 to 44 years	7,905	3,685	4,220	40.1	40.2	40.0
45 years and over	1,845	820	1,025	9.4	8.9	9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,720	9,170	10,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,675	1,155	1,520	13.6	12.6	14.4
Brazil	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyana	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	190	85	110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Peru	45	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
United States of America	1,745	775	970	8.8	8.5	9.2
Other places of birth in Americas	370	160	210	1.9	1.7	2.0
Europe	9,250	4,530	4,720	46.9	49.4	44.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	155	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
France	135	70	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	945	455	495	4.8	5.0	4.7
Greece	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hungary	180	95	85	0.9	1.0	0.8
Italy	165	105	60	0.8	1.1	0.6
Netherlands	650	325	320	3.3	3.5	3.0
Poland	310	170	140	1.6	1.9	1.3
Portugal	90	60	25	0.5	0.7	0.2
Romania	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	125	60	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	95	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,975	2,380	2,595	25.2	26.0	24.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,215	555	655	6.2	6.1	6.2
Africa	910	455	450	4.6	5.0	4.3
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	155	70	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	415	230	180	2.1	2.5	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	255	105	145	1.3	1.1	1.4
Asia	6,395	2,780	3,610	32.4	30.3	34.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	235	130	110	1.2	1.4	1.0
Iraq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	230	120	110	1.2	1.3	1.0
Turkey	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,375	600	775	7.0	6.5	7.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	200	95	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	495	205	285	2.5	2.2	2.7
Taiwan	145	55	95	0.7	0.6	0.9
Philippines	1,085	430	655	5.5	4.7	6.2
Viet Nam	505	220	285	2.6	2.4	2.7
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	1,150	570	580	5.8	6.2	5.5
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	795	270	525	4.0	2.9	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	490	250	240	2.5	2.7	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,440	1,115	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	280	135	145	11.5	12.1	10.9
Brazil	30	10	20	1.2	0.9	1.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	25	1.4	0.9	1.9
United States of America	165	90	75	6.8	8.1	5.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20	1.4	1.8	1.5
Europe	325	160	170	13.3	14.3	12.8
France	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
Germany	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	25	1.6	1.8	1.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	70	60	5.3	6.3	4.5
Other places of birth in Europe	110	55	55	4.5	4.9	4.2
Africa	265	135	135	10.9	12.1	10.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	55	65	5.1	4.9	4.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	1.0	1.3	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	45	3.5	3.6	3.4
Asia	1,505	660	845	61.7	59.2	63.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	425	185	245	17.4	16.6	18.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	310	170	140	12.7	15.2	10.6
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	1.0	0.9	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	1.2	0.0	1.9
Jordan	15	10	10	0.6	0.9	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	100	30	65	4.1	2.7	4.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	235	85	145	9.6	7.6	10.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	210	110	95	8.6	9.9	7.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	10	30	1.6	0.9	2.3
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	2.7	1.8	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	65	35	35	2.7	3.1	2.6
Australia	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	50	25	30	2.0	2.2	2.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,265	64,010	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	23,210	10,855	12,355	17.7	17.0	18.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,650	11,915	12,735	18.8	18.6	18.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,405	41,240	42,165	63.5	64.4	62.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,725	5,370	6,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,445	3,150	3,295	55.0	58.7	51.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,800	1,615	1,190	23.9	30.1	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,640	1,535	2,105	31.0	28.6	33.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,110	1,655	2,455	35.1	30.8	38.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,120	545	575	9.6	10.1	9.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,725	5,370	6,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	215	110	105	1.8	2.0	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,855	865	990	15.8	16.1	15.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	415	180	240	3.5	3.4	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,000	470	525	8.5	8.8	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	25	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,160	3,720	4,440	69.6	69.3	69.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,265	64,015	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,540	6,765	7,775	11.1	10.6	11.6
South Asian	3,250	1,635	1,620	2.5	2.6	2.4
Chinese	3,140	1,465	1,675	2.4	2.3	2.5
Black	1,345	625	720	1.0	1.0	1.1
Filipino	1,620	695	925	1.2	1.1	1.4
Arab	430	225	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	770	355	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	1,315	570	740	1.0	0.9	1.1
West Asian	320	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	765	345	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	815	335	480	0.6	0.5	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	520	245	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	116,725	57,250	59,480	88.9	89.4	88.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,265	64,010	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,720	8,575	8,150	12.7	13.4	12.1
English	41,455	19,920	21,535	31.6	31.1	32.0
Irish	22,860	10,930	11,930	17.4	17.1	17.7
Scottish	30,425	14,610	15,820	23.2	22.8	23.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,110	5,165	5,950	8.5	8.1	8.8
German	17,860	8,500	9,360	13.6	13.3	13.9
Chinese	3,510	1,645	1,870	2.7	2.6	2.8
Italian	4,650	2,360	2,290	3.5	3.7	3.4
Indian (India)	2,055	1,020	1,035	1.6	1.6	1.5
Ukrainian	6,620	3,180	3,440	5.0	5.0	5.1
Dutch	6,390	3,120	3,270	4.9	4.9	4.9
Polish	4,000	1,805	2,195	3.0	2.8	3.3
Québécois	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,110	3,365	3,750	5.4	5.3	5.6
Filipino	1,595	690	905	1.2	1.1	1.3
French Canadian	1,400	675	725	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,670	1,345	1,320	2.0	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,490	2,010	2,480	3.4	3.1	3.7
Métis	3,680	1,725	1,960	2.8	2.7	2.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,550	1,785	1,760	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	2,835	1,290	1,540	2.2	2.0	2.3
Norwegian	5,050	2,430	2,625	3.8	3.8	3.9
Welsh	4,380	2,145	2,235	3.3	3.4	3.3
Portuguese	590	255	335	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	2,535	1,285	1,255	1.9	2.0	1.9
Spanish	1,240	575	665	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	3,715	1,730	1,990	2.8	2.7	3.0
Hungarian	1,870	925	950	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	325	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	685	315	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	530	255	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	915	430	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	490	220	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	260	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	380	120	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	855	350	505	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korean	760	355	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	740	345	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	185	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	295	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,335	1,075	1,260	1.8	1.7	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	885	485	400	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	380	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	1,530	710	820	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belgian	965	470	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	420	180	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	345	160	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swiss	755	415	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Finnish	1,520	700	825	1.2	1.1	1.2
Sri Lankan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	655	335	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	990	405	585	0.8	0.6	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	200	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,120	550	570	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,095	505	585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombian	95	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	675	310	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	205	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	220	95	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	190	105	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	130	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	265	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	330	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	380	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	335	195	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	75	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	200	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	620	325	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	180	50	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	70	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	90	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,265	64,015	67,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	800	285	515	0.6	0.4	0.8
Christian	41,635	18,355	23,280	31.7	28.7	34.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,745	4,485	5,260	7.4	7.0	7.8
Anabaptist	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,060	2,080	2,975	3.9	3.2	4.4
Baptist	1,560	690	875	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	12,040	5,500	6,545	9.2	8.6	9.7
Christian Orthodox	390	205	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	1,030	475	560	0.8	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	1,520	625	895	1.2	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,200	510	695	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	905	370	535	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,185	2,085	3,105	4.0	3.3	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,130	925	1,205	1.6	1.4	1.8
Hindu	810	415	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	1,000	465	535	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	1,400	665	730	1.1	1.0	1.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	975	480	490	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,745	650	1,095	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	82,575	42,530	40,045	62.9	66.4	59.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	130,365	63,570	66,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	111,820	54,550	57,265	85.8	85.8	85.7
Movers	18,545	9,015	9,530	14.2	14.2	14.3
Non-migrants	10,565	5,190	5,375	8.1	8.2	8.0
Migrants	7,990	3,825	4,160	6.1	6.0	6.2
Internal migrants	7,245	3,480	3,765	5.6	5.5	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,210	2,535	2,675	4.0	4.0	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,035	950	1,085	1.6	1.5	1.6
External migrants	735	345	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	126,095	61,375	64,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,635	33,380	35,255	54.4	54.4	54.5
Movers	57,460	27,995	29,470	45.6	45.6	45.5
Non-migrants	22,695	10,940	11,750	18.0	17.8	18.2
Migrants	34,770	17,050	17,715	27.6	27.8	27.4
Internal migrants	31,180	15,310	15,870	24.7	24.9	24.5
Intraprovincial migrants	23,645	11,530	12,110	18.8	18.8	18.7
Interprovincial migrants	7,535	3,780	3,760	6.0	6.2	5.8
External migrants	3,585	1,745	1,845	2.8	2.8	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	112,675	54,435	58,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,600	10,530	8,075	16.5	19.3	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	94,075	43,910	50,165	83.5	80.7	86.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,220	32,405	34,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,455	4,515	2,945	11.1	13.9	8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,765	27,895	31,865	88.9	86.1	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	112,675	54,435	58,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,445	8,510	6,935	13.7	15.6	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,405	16,480	17,925	30.5	30.3	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,820	29,440	33,380	55.8	54.1	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,265	18,235	19,030	33.1	33.5	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,135	8,225	2,915	9.9	15.1	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,430	2,490	1,935	3.9	4.6	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,715	5,735	980	6.0	10.5	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,785	8,130	12,655	18.4	14.9	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,340	1,885	3,455	4.7	3.5	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,555	11,205	14,350	22.7	20.6	24.6
Bachelor's degree	15,915	6,815	9,100	14.1	12.5	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,950	875	1,080	1.7	1.6	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	770	460	315	0.7	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	5,880	2,515	3,360	5.2	4.6	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,045	550	495	0.9	1.0	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,220	32,405	34,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,885	3,590	2,300	8.8	11.1	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,975	9,720	9,255	28.2	30.0	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,360	19,100	23,260	63.0	58.9	66.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,280	11,600	12,680	36.1	35.8	36.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,940	5,075	1,870	10.3	15.7	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,825	1,585	1,245	4.2	4.9	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,120	3,495	620	6.1	10.8	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,695	5,330	8,365	20.4	16.4	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,640	1,195	2,445	5.4	3.7	7.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,080	7,495	10,580	26.9	23.1	30.4
Bachelor's degree	11,515	4,740	6,780	17.1	14.6	19.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,375	615	760	2.0	1.9	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	275	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	4,040	1,610	2,425	6.0	5.0	7.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	255	350	0.9	0.8	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	112,675	54,435	58,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,855	24,990	24,860	44.2	45.9	42.7
Education	5,055	1,370	3,685	4.5	2.5	6.3
13. Education	5,055	1,370	3,685	4.5	2.5	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,485	1,020	1,470	2.2	1.9	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	145	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,285	875	1,410	2.0	1.6	2.4
Humanities	2,835	1,185	1,645	2.5	2.2	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	75	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	890	320	570	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	740	220	520	0.7	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	125	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	360	250	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,560	2,305	4,255	5.8	4.2	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	40	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	575	225	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,230	155	1,070	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	810	270	540	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,330	425	905	1.2	0.8	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,255	1,135	1,120	2.0	2.1	1.9
Business, management and public administration	11,770	4,155	7,615	10.4	7.6	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,125	230	895	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,635	3,925	6,705	9.4	7.2	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,295	1,205	1,085	2.0	2.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	590	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	390	200	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	535	365	175	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,790	1,130	665	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,355	955	405	1.2	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	185	30	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,230	11,350	885	10.9	20.9	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	285	165	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,845	1,565	275	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,360	2,120	240	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,460	3,345	115	3.1	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,765	2,660	100	2.5	4.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,520	1,485	35	1.3	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,115	1,280	835	1.9	2.4	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,045	500	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,065	780	290	0.9	1.4	0.5
Health and related fields	11,200	2,095	9,100	9.9	3.8	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	740	360	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,165	1,555	8,605	9.0	2.9	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	165	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,480	2,350	2,130	4.0	4.3	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,780	890	1,895	2.5	1.6	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	300	135	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,190	1,090	105	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,220	32,405	34,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,860	13,305	11,555	37.0	41.1	33.2
Education	2,885	735	2,155	4.3	2.3	6.2
13. Education	2,885	735	2,155	4.3	2.3	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,875	750	1,125	2.8	2.3	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	105	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,740	645	1,095	2.6	2.0	3.1
Humanities	1,835	755	1,080	2.7	2.3	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	565	200	370	0.8	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	540	170	365	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	235	165	75	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,745	1,540	3,205	7.1	4.8	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	30	130	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	160	295	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	130	810	1.4	0.4	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	530	150	380	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	895	265	625	1.3	0.8	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,630	765	865	2.4	2.4	2.5
Business, management and public administration	8,155	2,880	5,275	12.1	8.9	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	145	625	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,375	2,740	4,635	11.0	8.5	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,540	720	825	2.3	2.2	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	845	370	470	1.3	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	340	190	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,295	860	435	1.9	2.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,085	790	295	1.6	2.4	0.8
25. Library science	100	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,700	7,020	680	11.5	21.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	200	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,175	960	220	1.7	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,405	1,225	175	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,330	2,235	95	3.5	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,675	1,605	70	2.5	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	915	885	30	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,515	815	700	2.3	2.5	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	740	305	435	1.1	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	775	510	265	1.2	1.6	0.8
Health and related fields	7,725	1,500	6,225	11.5	4.6	17.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	240	260	0.8	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,035	1,170	5,865	10.5	3.6	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,090	1,530	1,560	4.6	4.7	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,955	585	1,370	2.9	1.8	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	285	180	105	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	815	730	90	1.2	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,220	32,405	34,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,860	13,305	11,555	37.0	41.1	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,360	19,095	23,260	63.0	58.9	66.8
Location of study inside Canada	37,305	16,790	20,510	55.5	51.8	58.9
Same as province or territory of residence	28,805	12,850	15,950	42.9	39.7	45.8
Different than province or territory of residence	8,505	3,940	4,565	12.7	12.2	13.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,060	2,310	2,750	7.5	7.1	7.9
Americas	1,145	555	585	1.7	1.7	1.7
United States of America	955	490	465	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,340	690	650	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	755	390	365	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	235	125	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	2,165	825	1,340	3.2	2.5	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	580	220	360	0.9	0.7	1.0
Taiwan	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	110	10	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	195	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	495	190	300	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	390	165	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	170	110	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	112,675	54,435	58,240	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,890	33,555	32,330	...	...	...
Employed	60,460	30,720	29,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,430	2,840	2,590	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	46,790	20,880	25,905	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	61.6	55.5	58.5	61.6	55.5
Employment rate	53.7	56.4	51.1	53.7	56.4	51.1
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.5	8.0	8.2	8.5	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	112,675	54,435	58,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,515	20,780	25,735	41.3	38.2	44.2
Worked	66,160	33,655	32,505	58.7	61.8	55.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,230	17,730	14,500	28.6	32.6	24.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,930	15,925	18,005	30.1	29.3	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.4	40.2	40.8	41.4	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,885	33,555	32,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,335	675	660	2.0	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,550	32,880	31,670	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employee	52,835	26,160	26,670	80.2	78.0	82.5
Permanent position	44,645	22,390	22,255	67.8	66.7	68.8
Temporary position	8,190	3,780	4,410	12.4	11.3	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,045	875	1,170	3.1	2.6	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,145	2,900	3,245	9.3	8.6	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,720	6,715	5,005	17.8	20.0	15.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,885	33,555	32,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,335	675	660	2.0	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,550	32,880	31,670	98.0	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	565	365	195	0.9	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,210	2,300	6,915	14.0	6.9	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,060	3,035	1,025	6.2	9.0	3.2
3 Health occupations	6,070	1,315	4,755	9.2	3.9	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,895	2,550	5,350	12.0	7.6	16.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,095	900	1,190	3.2	2.7	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	18,420	8,085	10,335	28.0	24.1	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,565	11,435	1,135	19.1	34.1	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,880	1,395	485	2.9	4.2	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,790	1,500	295	2.7	4.5	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,885	33,555	32,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,335	675	660	2.0	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	64,550	32,880	31,670	98.0	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,660	1,205	455	2.5	3.6	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	380	365	20	0.6	1.1	0.1
22 Utilities	305	275	30	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	6,425	5,495	930	9.8	16.4	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,700	2,065	640	4.1	6.2	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,415	1,050	365	2.1	3.1	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	8,855	4,295	4,560	13.4	12.8	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,530	2,680	850	5.4	8.0	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,230	725	505	1.9	2.2	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,985	740	1,250	3.0	2.2	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,295	660	630	2.0	2.0	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,180	2,245	1,935	6.3	6.7	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,185	1,755	1,430	4.8	5.2	4.4
61 Educational services	4,705	1,535	3,175	7.1	4.6	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	10,185	2,150	8,030	15.5	6.4	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,185	535	645	1.8	1.6	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,870	2,150	2,720	7.4	6.4	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,030	1,330	1,700	4.6	4.0	5.3
91 Public administration	3,360	1,575	1,785	5.1	4.7	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,355	36,225	35,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,650	35,515	34,135	97.6	98.0	97.2
French	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	225	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	560	185	370	0.8	0.5	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	790	350	445	1.1	1.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,355	36,225	35,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,180	36,130	35,045	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	70,840	35,955	34,885	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	70,625	35,920	34,705	99.0	99.2	98.8
French	220	35	180	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	340	175	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	335	175	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	175	95	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,355	36,225	35,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,110	35,725	34,390	98.3	98.6	97.9
English	240	70	175	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	410	150	255	0.6	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	505	220	290	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	435	185	255	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,460	30,720	29,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,830	4,655	6,170	17.9	15.2	20.7
Worked outside Canada	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,725	8,035	2,685	17.7	26.2	9.0
Usual place of work	38,840	17,975	20,870	64.2	58.5	70.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,845	17,975	20,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,720	12,115	15,605	71.4	67.4	74.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,820	3,300	3,520	17.6	18.4	16.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,035	2,335	1,700	10.4	13.0	8.1
Commute to a different province or territory	265	220	45	0.7	1.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,565	26,010	23,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,415	22,870	20,545	87.6	87.9	87.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,505	21,580	18,930	81.7	83.0	80.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,915	1,295	1,620	5.9	5.0	6.9
Public transit	1,625	740	885	3.3	2.8	3.8
Walked	2,575	1,175	1,400	5.2	4.5	5.9
Bicycle	655	445	215	1.3	1.7	0.9
Other method	1,290	780	515	2.6	3.0	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,565	26,010	23,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,360	9,845	11,515	43.1	37.9	48.9
15 to 29 minutes	18,185	9,630	8,555	36.7	37.0	36.3
30 to 44 minutes	5,920	3,570	2,355	11.9	13.7	10.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,505	980	525	3.0	3.8	2.2
60 minutes and over	2,595	1,985	610	5.2	7.6	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,565	26,010	23,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,635	1,945	685	5.3	7.5	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,790	4,540	2,250	13.7	17.5	9.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,220	7,125	6,095	26.7	27.4	25.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,890	5,220	6,665	24.0	20.1	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,365	3,015	4,350	14.9	11.6	18.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,675	4,170	3,505	15.5	16.0	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,850	11,785	11,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,665	855	810	7.3	7.3	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,180	10,930	10,255	92.7	92.7	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,160	8,840	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,320	670	650	7.7	7.6	7.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	715	345	375	4.2	3.9	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	330	275	3.5	3.7	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,835	8,165	7,670	92.3	92.4	92.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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