Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Langley--AldergroveMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	133,168	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,017	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,922	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,772	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	356.9	...	...	356.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	373.15	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	133,170	65,355	67,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,930	12,305	11,620	18.0	18.8	17.1
0 to 4 years	7,360	3,840	3,520	5.5	5.9	5.2
5 to 9 years	8,105	4,150	3,955	6.1	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	8,465	4,315	4,150	6.4	6.6	6.1
15 to 64 years	85,660	42,235	43,425	64.3	64.6	64.0
15 to 19 years	8,325	4,250	4,070	6.3	6.5	6.0
20 to 24 years	7,160	3,760	3,400	5.4	5.8	5.0
25 to 29 years	7,020	3,485	3,530	5.3	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	8,630	4,100	4,530	6.5	6.3	6.7
35 to 39 years	9,615	4,695	4,910	7.2	7.2	7.2
40 to 44 years	9,120	4,430	4,695	6.8	6.8	6.9
45 to 49 years	8,855	4,295	4,560	6.6	6.6	6.7
50 to 54 years	9,050	4,400	4,650	6.8	6.7	6.9
55 to 59 years	9,195	4,585	4,615	6.9	7.0	6.8
60 to 64 years	8,690	4,225	4,470	6.5	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	23,580	10,810	12,770	17.7	16.5	18.8
65 to 69 years	7,405	3,485	3,920	5.6	5.3	5.8
70 to 74 years	6,325	2,950	3,375	4.7	4.5	5.0
75 to 79 years	4,430	2,080	2,345	3.3	3.2	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,730	1,270	1,455	2.1	1.9	2.1
85 years and over	2,690	1,015	1,675	2.0	1.6	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,650	625	1,025	1.2	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	780	320	460	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	220	65	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.8	17.1	18.0	18.8	17.1
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.6	64.0	64.3	64.6	64.0
65 years and over	17.7	16.5	18.8	17.7	16.5	18.8
85 years and over	2.0	1.6	2.5	2.0	1.6	2.5
Average age of the population	40.9	40.0	41.8	40.9	40.0	41.8
Median age of the population	41.2	40.0	42.0	41.2	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,665	...	...	48.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	900	...	...	1.9	...	...
Row house	9,710	...	...	20.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,850	...	...	14.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,315	...	...	2.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,265	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,520	...	...	20.4	...	...
2 persons	15,220	...	...	32.5	...	...
3 persons	7,650	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	8,245	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	6,135	...	...	13.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	131,445	64,710	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	109,245	53,050	56,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	68,705	34,240	34,460	62.9	64.5	61.3
Married	59,995	29,905	30,090	54.9	56.4	53.6
Living common-law	8,705	4,335	4,370	8.0	8.2	7.8
Living common law - Never married	5,865	2,940	2,925	5.4	5.5	5.2
Living common law - Separated	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,150	1,070	1,075	2.0	2.0	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	40,535	18,805	21,730	37.1	35.4	38.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,520	14,295	12,225	24.3	26.9	21.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,495	1,055	1,440	2.3	2.0	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,075	2,255	3,820	5.6	4.3	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,445	1,200	4,245	5.0	2.3	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,210	...	...	47.4	...	...
3 persons	8,045	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	8,610	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,565	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,455	...	...	87.0	...	...
Married couples	29,100	...	...	75.7	...	...
With children⁶	16,655	...	...	43.3	...	...
Without children	12,450	...	...	32.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,355	...	...	11.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,630	...	...	4.2	...	...
Without children	2,720	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,980	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,765	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,210	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,445	64,710	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	113,985	56,815	57,175	86.7	87.8	85.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,915	33,400	33,510	50.9	51.6	50.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,980	1,210	3,770	3.8	1.9	5.6
Children⁶	42,090	22,200	19,895	32.0	34.3	29.8
In a two-parent family	34,565	18,165	16,400	26.3	28.1	24.6
In a one-parent family	7,530	4,035	3,495	5.7	6.2	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,460	7,895	9,565	13.3	12.2	14.3
Living alone	9,520	4,130	5,385	7.2	6.4	8.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,445	1,345	2,100	2.6	2.1	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,495	2,430	2,070	3.4	3.8	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,305	...	...	64.8	...	...
Couple-family households	26,815	...	...	57.3	...	...
With children⁶	14,770	...	...	31.6	...	...
Without children	12,045	...	...	25.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,495	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,565	...	...	5.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	850	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,140	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,390	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	9,515	...	...	20.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	107,530	52,415	55,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,880	50,655	53,220	96.6	96.6	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,800	37,600	45,200	56,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,955	50,695	53,260	96.7	96.7	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,000	34,800	40,800	50,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,445	47,425	48,015	88.8	90.5	87.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	54,000	29,600	40,000	54,000	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,300	39,705	37,590	71.9	75.8	68.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	57,600	32,400	43,200	57,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,795	36,305	45,495	76.1	69.3	82.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	7,600	10,100	9,100	7,600	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,185	3,140	5,050	7.6	6.0	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,840	5,680	5,480	4,840	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,060	11,080	13,980	23.3	21.1	25.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	107,370	52,340	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,740	50,605	53,130	96.6	96.7	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,800	71,800	46,480	58,800	71,800	46,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,785	50,630	53,155	96.7	96.7	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	58,150	40,320	49,000	58,150	40,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,270	47,355	47,915	88.7	90.5	87.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000	69,300	40,880	55,000	69,300	40,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,160	39,595	37,565	71.9	75.6	68.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	67,200	41,000	54,450	67,200	41,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,545	36,310	45,235	75.9	69.4	82.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,580	9,720	11,270	10,580	9,720	11,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,275	3,095	5,180	7.7	5.9	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,630	5,490	7,320	6,630	5,490	7,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,840	10,960	13,875	23.1	20.9	25.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,470	9,060	8,800	8,470	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	107,370	52,335	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,455	23,200	15,255	35.8	44.3	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	78,500	59,200	70,000	78,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,600	90,200	66,100	80,600	90,200	66,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,815	11,805	17,015	26.8	22.6	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	23,200	17,800	19,600	23,200	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,920	38,440	25,720	30,920	38,440	25,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.8	90.2	79.4	85.8	90.2	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	73.2	62.4	68.8	73.2	62.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.2	9.7	20.6	14.2	9.7	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.5	0.9	0.5	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.2	6.5	4.5	3.2	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.6	5.1	3.6	2.6	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	107,530	52,410	55,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,655	1,755	1,900	3.4	3.3	3.4
With total income	103,875	50,655	53,220	96.6	96.7	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,755	3,975	5,780	9.4	7.8	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,000	3,965	7,030	10.6	7.8	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,655	5,305	8,355	13.1	10.5	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,900	4,760	7,145	11.5	9.4	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,700	4,525	6,175	10.3	8.9	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,230	4,220	5,010	8.9	8.3	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,680	4,040	3,645	7.4	8.0	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	6,225	3,610	2,620	6.0	7.1	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,150	3,215	1,935	5.0	6.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,245	2,680	1,565	4.1	5.3	2.9
$100,000 and over	14,330	10,370	3,965	13.8	20.5	7.5
$100,000 to $149,999	9,540	6,665	2,880	9.2	13.2	5.4
$150,000 and over	4,790	3,710	1,080	4.6	7.3	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	107,530	52,410	55,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,575	1,720	1,855	3.3	3.3	3.4
With after-tax income	103,950	50,690	53,260	96.7	96.7	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,175	4,130	6,050	9.8	8.1	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,440	4,110	7,330	11.0	8.1	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,355	6,020	9,335	14.8	11.9	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	13,920	5,670	8,250	13.4	11.2	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,355	5,495	6,860	11.9	10.8	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	10,430	5,345	5,090	10.0	10.5	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,095	4,735	3,365	7.8	9.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,305	3,935	2,365	6.1	7.8	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,715	3,105	1,615	4.5	6.1	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,190	2,175	1,015	3.1	4.3	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,965	5,980	1,990	7.7	11.8	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,060	2,960	1,100	3.9	5.8	2.1
$125,000 and over	3,905	3,015	890	3.8	5.9	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	107,530	52,410	55,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,230	12,705	17,525	28.1	24.2	31.8
With employment income	77,300	39,710	37,595	71.9	75.8	68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,065	4,305	5,755	13.0	10.8	15.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,765	2,270	3,495	7.5	5.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,060	3,150	4,910	10.4	7.9	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,225	2,570	3,660	8.1	6.5	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,405	2,645	3,760	8.3	6.7	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,180	2,765	3,410	8.0	7.0	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,145	2,895	3,250	7.9	7.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,335	3,040	2,295	6.9	7.7	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	2,825	1,760	5.9	7.1	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,125	2,645	1,480	5.3	6.7	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,495	2,275	1,215	4.5	5.7	3.2
$100,000 and over	10,920	8,330	2,595	14.1	21.0	6.9
$100,000 to $124,999	5,050	3,610	1,440	6.5	9.1	3.8
$125,000 and over	5,875	4,720	1,155	7.6	11.9	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	107,530	52,415	55,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,815	49,100	51,715	93.8	93.7	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	56,400	34,800	43,600	56,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,040	49,140	51,900	94.0	93.8	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,800	31,800	38,800	48,800	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,995	46,575	47,420	87.4	88.9	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	55,200	31,200	41,200	55,200	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,970	40,295	38,680	73.4	76.9	70.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	56,400	32,400	42,400	56,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,895	25,520	38,375	59.4	48.7	69.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	5,360	6,650	6,320	5,360	6,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,065	2,195	3,870	5.6	4.2	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,400	6,200	5,360	4,400	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	107,370	52,340	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,670	49,050	51,620	93.8	93.7	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,400	71,300	44,160	57,400	71,300	44,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,860	49,095	51,765	93.9	93.8	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	57,350	37,760	47,280	57,350	37,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,885	46,565	47,320	87.4	89.0	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,800	70,500	41,320	55,800	70,500	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,875	40,245	38,625	73.5	76.9	70.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,250	65,900	40,000	53,250	65,900	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,455	25,245	38,220	59.1	48.2	69.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,560	8,470	8,500	8,560	8,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,085	2,215	3,870	5.7	4.2	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,190	5,575	8,110	7,190	5,575	8,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	107,370	52,335	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,240	23,025	15,215	35.6	44.0	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	75,000	55,200	66,000	75,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,900	86,000	60,650	75,900	86,000	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,195	11,105	16,095	25.3	21.2	29.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	31,400	23,000	25,800	31,400	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,920	46,640	30,200	36,920	46,640	30,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	93.8	85.8	90.6	93.8	85.8
Employment income (%)	72.6	75.8	67.8	72.6	75.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	9.3	6.2	14.2	9.3	6.2	14.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.4	0.8	0.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,100	...	...	61,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...	50,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,200	...	...	148,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	123,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,070	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	980	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	945	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,215	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,295	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,260	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,730	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,560	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,590	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,315	...	...	54.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,805	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,115	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,885	...	...	14.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,515	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	555	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,120	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,105	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,115	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,410	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,515	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,495	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,225	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,300	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,115	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,175	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,760	...	...	46.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,665	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,085	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,005	...	...	21.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,015	6,560	7,460	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	49,600	41,200	44,800	49,600	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,000	37,600	40,400	44,000	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,400	...	...	146,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,900	...	...	121,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,300	...	...	122,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,400	...	...	174,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...	144,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,865	6,375	7,495	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,300	59,900	51,350	55,300	59,900	51,350
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,560	49,800	43,800	46,560	49,800	43,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,445	64,710	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,020	14,895	14,125	22.1	23.0	21.2
0 to 5 years	8,975	4,660	4,320	6.8	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	80,145	39,385	40,760	61.0	60.9	61.1
65 years and over	22,280	10,435	11,850	17.0	16.1	17.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,055	4,105	4,950	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,285	1,160	1,130	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	325	295	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,740	2,145	2,595	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,030	805	1,230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.4	7.4	6.9	6.4	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	7.9	7.8	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	6.9	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	5.5	6.4	5.9	5.5	6.4
65 years and over (%)	9.1	7.7	10.4	9.1	7.7	10.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	130,865	64,455	66,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,980	14,870	14,105	22.1	23.1	21.2
0 to 5 years	8,965	4,655	4,315	6.9	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	79,975	39,305	40,665	61.1	61.0	61.2
65 years and over	21,915	10,275	11,640	16.7	15.9	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,245	2,460	2,785	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	655	665	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	280	145	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,290	1,540	1,755	...	...	...
65 years and over	630	270	365	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.3
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.6	3.1	2.9	2.6	3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,445	64,710	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,255	22,805	25,445	36.7	35.2	38.1
In bottom decile	8,830	4,085	4,740	6.7	6.3	7.1
In second decile	8,425	3,835	4,590	6.4	5.9	6.9
In third decile	9,110	4,295	4,815	6.9	6.6	7.2
In fourth decile	10,325	4,960	5,365	7.9	7.7	8.0
In fifth decile	11,560	5,630	5,935	8.8	8.7	8.9
In top half of the distribution	83,195	41,900	41,290	63.3	64.8	61.9
In sixth decile	13,385	6,620	6,765	10.2	10.2	10.1
In seventh decile	14,990	7,415	7,575	11.4	11.5	11.4
In eighth decile	16,600	8,340	8,260	12.6	12.9	12.4
In ninth decile	18,500	9,400	9,100	14.1	14.5	13.6
In top decile	19,715	10,120	9,590	15.0	15.6	14.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,445	...	...	131,445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400	...	...	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	132,470	65,070	67,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	123,045	61,010	62,035	92.9	93.8	92.0
French only	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,275	2,680	3,595	4.7	4.1	5.3
Neither English nor French	3,130	1,375	1,760	2.4	2.1	2.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	132,470	65,070	67,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	128,230	63,170	65,060	96.8	97.1	96.5
French	825	405	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	350	160	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	3,070	1,340	1,730	2.3	2.1	2.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	132,470	65,070	67,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,620	63,245	65,380	97.1	97.2	97.0
Official languages	99,455	49,340	50,115	75.1	75.8	74.4
English	98,590	48,910	49,685	74.4	75.2	73.7
French	860	430	435	0.6	0.7	0.6
Non-official languages	29,165	13,905	15,260	22.0	21.4	22.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,160	13,905	15,260	22.0	21.4	22.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	590	315	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	585	315	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	490	260	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,355	655	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,320	635	685	1.0	1.0	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,360	555	800	1.0	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,155	475	675	0.9	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,810	7,255	7,555	11.2	11.1	11.2
Albanian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,865	880	980	1.4	1.4	1.5
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,850	875	975	1.4	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	420	205	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	690	325	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,710	1,305	1,405	2.0	2.0	2.1
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,545	745	800	1.2	1.1	1.2
German	1,505	725	785	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	935	455	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	810	385	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,505	3,700	3,810	5.7	5.7	5.7
Indo-Aryan languages	6,885	3,375	3,505	5.2	5.2	5.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	455	210	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,990	2,940	3,045	4.5	4.5	4.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	625	325	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	580	295	285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,505	1,255	1,250	1.9	1.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	350	200	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	465	220	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,425	705	720	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	345	120	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	5,025	2,335	2,695	3.8	3.6	4.0
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,715	2,185	2,525	3.6	3.4	3.7
Chinese languages	4,645	2,160	2,485	3.5	3.3	3.7
Hakka	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,545	1,635	1,910	2.7	2.5	2.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	795	385	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	160	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	290	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,850	1,825	2,025	2.9	2.8	3.0
English and French	320	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,145	1,485	1,660	2.4	2.3	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	132,470	65,070	67,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,535	50,785	51,755	77.4	78.0	76.8
French	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	10,140	4,850	5,295	7.7	7.5	7.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,140	4,850	5,295	7.7	7.5	7.9
English and French	625	270	360	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	18,235	8,730	9,505	13.8	13.4	14.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	460	220	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	132,470	65,070	67,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,470	63,090	65,380	97.0	97.0	97.0
Official languages	111,035	54,660	56,375	83.8	84.0	83.6
English	110,875	54,585	56,290	83.7	83.9	83.5
French	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	17,430	8,425	9,005	13.2	12.9	13.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,430	8,425	9,005	13.2	12.9	13.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	290	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,060	515	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,040	505	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	580	280	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,345	3,630	3,715	5.5	5.6	5.5
Albanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	820	395	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	815	390	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	435	210	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,115	2,540	2,575	3.9	3.9	3.8
Indo-Aryan languages	4,740	2,345	2,400	3.6	3.6	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	190	100	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,285	2,110	2,175	3.2	3.2	3.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,125	560	565	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	745	385	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	4,175	1,945	2,230	3.2	3.0	3.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,410	1,640	1,775	2.6	2.5	2.6
Chinese languages	3,360	1,610	1,750	2.5	2.5	2.6
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,775	1,325	1,450	2.1	2.0	2.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,000	1,980	2,020	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and French	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,765	1,870	1,900	2.8	2.9	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	132,470	65,070	67,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	116,235	57,380	58,860	87.7	88.2	87.3
English	6,330	3,110	3,220	4.8	4.8	4.8
French	565	245	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	7,850	3,635	4,215	5.9	5.6	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,845	3,635	4,210	5.9	5.6	6.2
English and French	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	620	310	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	615	280	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,215	64,585	66,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,175	63,315	64,860	97.7	98.0	97.3
English	128,160	63,310	64,850	97.7	98.0	97.3
French	6,410	2,780	3,630	4.9	4.3	5.4
Non-official languages	37,490	18,095	19,395	28.6	28.0	29.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,465	18,085	19,380	28.6	28.0	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,090	565	525	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,085	560	525	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	900	450	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,585	755	825	1.2	1.2	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,560	745	810	1.2	1.2	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,850	790	1,050	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,590	685	900	1.2	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	280	155	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,555	10,235	10,315	15.7	15.8	15.5
Albanian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,295	1,110	1,190	1.7	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,295	1,105	1,190	1.7	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	200	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	600	305	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian	925	440	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	415	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	305	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,960	1,945	2,015	3.0	3.0	3.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,330	1,195	1,140	1.8	1.9	1.7
German	2,260	1,165	1,105	1.7	1.8	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,425	670	750	1.1	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	1,075	505	575	0.8	0.8	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	320	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	170	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	225	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,950	4,980	4,970	7.6	7.7	7.5
Indo-Aryan languages	9,200	4,600	4,600	7.0	7.1	6.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	190	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	2,050	960	1,090	1.6	1.5	1.6
Kacchi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	7,775	3,885	3,895	5.9	6.0	5.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	435	200	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	800	410	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	775	395	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	455	240	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,575	2,310	2,265	3.5	3.6	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	695	400	295	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	660	335	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	305	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,115	1,535	1,575	2.4	2.4	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	650	295	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	5,695	2,645	3,050	4.3	4.1	4.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	170	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	190	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,560	2,555	3,005	4.2	4.0	4.5
Chinese languages	5,515	2,525	2,985	4.2	3.9	4.5
Hakka	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	4,605	2,115	2,490	3.5	3.3	3.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	535	260	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,245	575	670	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,220	64,580	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,155	2,540	2,615	3.9	3.9	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,920	2,440	2,485	3.7	3.8	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,135	1,010	1,125	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	2,745	1,405	1,335	2.1	2.2	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	126,065	62,045	64,020	96.1	96.1	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,220	64,580	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,280	585	700	1.0	0.9	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,935	64,000	65,935	99.0	99.1	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,085	...	...	81.5	...	...
Renter	8,635	...	...	18.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,265	...	...	15.5	...	...
Not condominium	39,490	...	...	84.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,460	...	...	7.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,200	...	...	21.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,950	...	...	32.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,035	...	...	38.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,340	...	...	22.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,930	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	6,525	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,860	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,105	...	...	36.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,760	...	...	97.9	...	...
More than one person per room	995	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,900	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,860	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,945	...	...	4.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,525	...	...	20.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,835	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,565	...	...	18.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,060	...	...	6.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,325	...	...	9.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,525	...	...	11.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,970	...	...	14.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,895	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,855	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,420	...	...	41.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,750	...	...	50.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,580	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	575	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,175	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,065	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,315	...	...	19.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,780	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,635	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,975	...	...	8.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,245	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,510	...	...	78.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,040	...	...	22.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,880	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,825	...	...	27.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,190	...	...	19.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,405	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,295	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,930	...	...	72.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,785	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not in core need	39,600	...	...	89.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.6	...	...	64.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,932	...	...	1,932	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,173,000	...	...	1,173,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,604	...	...	1,604	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	572	...	...	572	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	520	...	...	520	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,215	64,585	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,115	550	570	0.8	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,030	510	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	635	300	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,600	2,165	2,435	3.5	3.4	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,330	2,020	2,305	3.3	3.1	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,600	1,160	1,445	2.0	1.8	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,720	855	860	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	270	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	125,500	61,870	63,630	95.6	95.8	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,215	64,585	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	120,755	59,785	60,975	92.0	92.6	91.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,430	14,125	13,300	20.9	21.9	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	93,330	45,660	47,670	71.1	70.7	71.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,460	4,800	5,655	8.0	7.4	8.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,215	64,585	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	98,840	49,140	49,700	75.3	76.1	74.6
Immigrants⁸¹	30,025	14,330	15,690	22.9	22.2	23.5
Before 1980	6,375	3,170	3,210	4.9	4.9	4.8
1980 to 1990	3,255	1,595	1,670	2.5	2.5	2.5
1991 to 2000	5,635	2,675	2,960	4.3	4.1	4.4
2001 to 2010	7,175	3,390	3,780	5.5	5.2	5.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,580	3,500	4,080	5.8	5.4	6.1
2011 to 2015	3,895	1,805	2,085	3.0	2.8	3.1
2016 to 2021	3,690	1,695	2,000	2.8	2.6	3.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,350	1,110	1,240	1.8	1.7	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	30,025	14,330	15,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,090	1,560	1,530	10.3	10.9	9.7
5 to 14 years	5,700	2,940	2,760	19.0	20.5	17.6
15 to 24 years	6,060	2,815	3,250	20.2	19.6	20.7
25 to 44 years	12,380	5,740	6,645	41.2	40.1	42.3
45 years and over	2,785	1,270	1,515	9.3	8.9	9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	30,025	14,330	15,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,130	1,400	1,730	10.4	9.8	11.0
Brazil	250	120	135	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombia	170	85	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
El Salvador	155	70	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	95	55	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	385	155	230	1.3	1.1	1.5
Peru	135	55	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,260	510	745	4.2	3.6	4.7
Other places of birth in Americas	590	300	290	2.0	2.1	1.8
Europe	7,700	3,885	3,820	25.6	27.1	24.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Croatia	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	75	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germany	805	425	380	2.7	3.0	2.4
Greece	80	55	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	125	50	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italy	225	130	95	0.7	0.9	0.6
Netherlands	700	355	345	2.3	2.5	2.2
Poland	400	190	210	1.3	1.3	1.3
Portugal	160	85	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Romania	300	150	145	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	250	130	115	0.8	0.9	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	220	95	125	0.7	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,135	1,585	1,555	10.4	11.1	9.9
Other places of birth in Europe	985	470	510	3.3	3.3	3.2
Africa	1,275	675	595	4.2	4.7	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	225	115	110	0.7	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	430	225	210	1.4	1.6	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	440	215	220	1.5	1.5	1.4
Asia	17,215	8,010	9,210	57.3	55.9	58.7
Afghanistan	140	60	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	380	210	175	1.3	1.5	1.1
Iraq	195	120	80	0.6	0.8	0.5
Lebanon	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,670	1,185	1,480	8.9	8.3	9.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	360	180	175	1.2	1.3	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	3,785	1,735	2,045	12.6	12.1	13.0
Taiwan	760	375	385	2.5	2.6	2.5
Philippines	1,595	670	920	5.3	4.7	5.9
Viet Nam	1,005	440	560	3.3	3.1	3.6
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
India	4,670	2,220	2,450	15.6	15.5	15.6
Pakistan	180	105	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	120	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,175	545	630	3.9	3.8	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	695	360	335	2.3	2.5	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,685	1,695	1,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	535	225	305	14.5	13.3	15.3
Brazil	125	55	75	3.4	3.2	3.8
Colombia	35	20	10	0.9	1.2	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Mexico	60	25	30	1.6	1.5	1.5
United States of America	175	60	115	4.7	3.5	5.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	120	50	65	3.3	2.9	3.3
Europe	350	195	160	9.5	11.5	8.0
France	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Russian Federation	40	25	20	1.1	1.5	1.0
Ukraine	20	10	15	0.5	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	100	50	3.9	5.9	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	120	60	60	3.3	3.5	3.0
Africa	180	105	75	4.9	6.2	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	0.8	1.2	0.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	40	1.6	1.5	2.0
Asia	2,580	1,155	1,425	70.0	68.1	71.4
Afghanistan	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	695	300	400	18.9	17.7	20.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20	1.2	1.5	1.0
India	605	285	315	16.4	16.8	15.8
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	20	0.5	0.6	1.0
Iraq	30	20	10	0.8	1.2	0.5
Israel	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Japan	35	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.3
Jordan	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	575	265	310	15.6	15.6	15.5
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	230	105	120	6.2	6.2	6.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	75	40	30	2.0	2.4	1.5
Turkey	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	90	25	65	2.4	1.5	3.3
Other places of birth in Asia	80	25	60	2.2	1.5	3.0
Oceania and other⁹³	50	15	30	1.4	0.9	1.5
Australia	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	0	25	0.8	0.0	1.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,220	64,585	66,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	33,815	16,130	17,675	25.8	25.0	26.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,950	15,580	15,370	23.6	24.1	23.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,455	32,875	33,585	50.6	50.9	50.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,645	11,160	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,350	6,675	6,675	56.5	59.8	53.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,730	3,010	1,720	20.0	27.0	13.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,620	3,665	4,955	36.5	32.8	39.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,070	3,245	4,825	34.1	29.1	38.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,090	1,175	915	8.8	10.5	7.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,645	11,160	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	475	245	225	2.0	2.2	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,555	1,125	1,435	10.8	10.1	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,060	570	495	4.5	5.1	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,420	595	825	6.0	5.3	6.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	30	80	0.5	0.3	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,020	8,595	9,430	76.2	77.0	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,220	64,580	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	35,465	17,450	18,015	27.0	27.0	27.0
South Asian	10,950	5,590	5,360	8.3	8.7	8.0
Chinese	6,330	2,990	3,345	4.8	4.6	5.0
Black	1,525	835	690	1.2	1.3	1.0
Filipino	2,490	1,135	1,355	1.9	1.8	2.0
Arab	660	330	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	1,715	900	815	1.3	1.4	1.2
Southeast Asian	2,410	1,190	1,220	1.8	1.8	1.8
West Asian	795	425	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korean	5,985	2,785	3,195	4.6	4.3	4.8
Japanese	860	380	480	0.7	0.6	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	385	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,365	710	655	1.0	1.1	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,750	47,135	48,615	73.0	73.0	73.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,215	64,585	66,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,990	7,535	7,460	11.4	11.7	11.2
English	31,840	15,455	16,385	24.3	23.9	24.6
Irish	16,960	7,610	9,345	12.9	11.8	14.0
Scottish	22,670	11,050	11,620	17.3	17.1	17.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,700	3,810	3,890	5.9	5.9	5.8
German	18,195	8,815	9,380	13.9	13.6	14.1
Chinese	6,225	2,890	3,335	4.7	4.5	5.0
Italian	4,710	2,355	2,355	3.6	3.6	3.5
Indian (India)	6,025	3,080	2,950	4.6	4.8	4.4
Ukrainian	7,020	3,365	3,660	5.3	5.2	5.5
Dutch	9,215	4,580	4,635	7.0	7.1	7.0
Polish	4,210	1,995	2,215	3.2	3.1	3.3
Québécois	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,570	2,595	2,975	4.2	4.0	4.5
Filipino	2,575	1,210	1,360	2.0	1.9	2.0
French Canadian	1,035	510	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,915	960	955	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,850	885	965	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	2,465	1,245	1,220	1.9	1.9	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,675	1,920	1,755	2.8	3.0	2.6
Russian	3,890	1,835	2,055	3.0	2.8	3.1
Norwegian	4,085	1,865	2,220	3.1	2.9	3.3
Welsh	2,850	1,335	1,515	2.2	2.1	2.3
Portuguese	965	505	460	0.7	0.8	0.7
American	1,900	935	965	1.4	1.4	1.4
Spanish	1,235	605	630	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	3,130	1,510	1,620	2.4	2.3	2.4
Hungarian	1,830	895	935	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	390	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	435	230	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	505	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	2,240	1,145	1,095	1.7	1.8	1.6
Vietnamese	1,800	925	875	1.4	1.4	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	695	350	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	315	215	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,270	625	645	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	495	215	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	5,715	2,655	3,060	4.4	4.1	4.6
Romanian	875	405	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	450	245	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	535	290	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,945	950	1,000	1.5	1.5	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	365	145	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	1,755	925	840	1.3	1.4	1.3
Austrian	1,395	625	765	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belgian	610	300	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	660	305	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	1,210	605	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swiss	795	340	455	0.6	0.5	0.7
Finnish	910	445	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	730	365	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	1,070	505	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	665	315	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	935	460	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	380	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	875	385	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombian	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	615	315	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	315	135	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	190	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	395	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	495	225	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	720	350	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraqi	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	400	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	550	300	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	65	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	245	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	320	165	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Laotian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	620	350	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	415	215	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	310	170	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,220	64,580	66,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,770	815	955	1.3	1.3	1.4
Christian	54,675	25,430	29,250	41.7	39.4	43.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,390	9,110	10,280	14.8	14.1	15.4
Anabaptist	1,400	725	680	1.1	1.1	1.0
Anglican	3,295	1,380	1,915	2.5	2.1	2.9
Baptist	1,970	950	1,020	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catholic	12,960	6,230	6,735	9.9	9.6	10.1
Christian Orthodox	1,190	555	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	750	360	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,425	640	780	1.1	1.0	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,915	845	1,075	1.5	1.3	1.6
Presbyterian	1,310	595	720	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	1,325	650	670	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Church	3,590	1,455	2,135	2.7	2.3	3.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,535	1,635	1,905	2.7	2.5	2.9
Hindu	1,250	645	600	1.0	1.0	0.9
Jewish	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,810	920	890	1.4	1.4	1.3
Sikh	7,500	3,770	3,730	5.7	5.8	5.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	685	275	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	63,155	32,530	30,625	48.1	50.4	46.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,820	63,845	65,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,760	56,025	57,735	87.6	87.8	87.5
Movers	16,065	7,820	8,240	12.4	12.2	12.5
Non-migrants	7,245	3,535	3,705	5.6	5.5	5.6
Migrants	8,815	4,285	4,535	6.8	6.7	6.9
Internal migrants	7,850	3,805	4,040	6.0	6.0	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	6,935	3,405	3,525	5.3	5.3	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	910	395	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
External migrants	970	475	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,805	60,815	62,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,860	35,015	35,850	57.2	57.6	56.9
Movers	52,945	25,810	27,135	42.8	42.4	43.1
Non-migrants	16,745	8,270	8,470	13.5	13.6	13.4
Migrants	36,205	17,530	18,665	29.2	28.8	29.6
Internal migrants	31,370	15,275	16,095	25.3	25.1	25.6
Intraprovincial migrants	28,505	13,940	14,565	23.0	22.9	23.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,865	1,335	1,530	2.3	2.2	2.4
External migrants	4,830	2,255	2,575	3.9	3.7	4.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,370	52,340	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,440	9,000	7,440	15.3	17.2	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	90,930	43,335	47,595	84.7	82.8	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,805	33,940	35,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,945	3,685	2,265	8.5	10.9	6.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,865	30,255	33,605	91.5	89.1	93.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,370	52,335	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,535	7,720	6,810	13.5	14.8	12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,975	17,290	18,685	33.5	33.0	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,860	27,325	29,540	53.0	52.2	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,710	16,620	16,090	30.5	31.8	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,475	7,535	1,940	8.8	14.4	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,630	2,170	1,460	3.4	4.1	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,845	5,360	480	5.4	10.2	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,625	7,205	11,415	17.3	13.8	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,610	1,880	2,730	4.3	3.6	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,150	10,705	13,445	22.5	20.5	24.4
Bachelor's degree	16,180	7,045	9,140	15.1	13.5	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,035	785	1,250	1.9	1.5	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	575	330	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	4,800	2,195	2,610	4.5	4.2	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	565	350	205	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,805	33,940	35,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,835	2,910	1,920	6.9	8.6	5.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,740	10,190	10,555	29.7	30.0	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,230	20,840	23,390	63.4	61.4	65.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,275	12,295	11,980	34.8	36.2	33.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,875	5,535	1,345	9.8	16.3	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,560	1,530	1,035	3.7	4.5	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,315	4,005	315	6.2	11.8	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,920	5,315	8,605	19.9	15.7	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,480	1,450	2,025	5.0	4.3	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,955	8,545	11,415	28.6	25.2	31.8
Bachelor's degree	13,380	5,685	7,700	19.2	16.8	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,565	555	1,005	2.2	1.6	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	245	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	4,120	1,810	2,305	5.9	5.3	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	430	250	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	107,370	52,335	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,510	25,015	25,495	47.0	47.8	46.3
Education	4,810	1,025	3,785	4.5	2.0	6.9
13. Education	4,810	1,025	3,785	4.5	2.0	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,040	755	1,285	1.9	1.4	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	180	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,770	575	1,195	1.6	1.1	2.2
Humanities	3,445	1,515	1,935	3.2	2.9	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	420	150	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	710	185	530	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	985	400	580	0.9	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	655	415	230	0.6	0.8	0.4
54. History	405	225	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,375	2,005	4,370	5.9	3.8	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	270	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,170	65	1,100	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	990	210	780	0.9	0.4	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,125	310	820	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	2,305	1,095	1,210	2.1	2.1	2.2
Business, management and public administration	11,430	4,795	6,635	10.6	9.2	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	95	490	0.5	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,840	4,700	6,140	10.1	9.0	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,720	835	895	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	255	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	245	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	445	280	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,890	1,165	720	1.8	2.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,525	1,015	505	1.4	1.9	0.9
25. Library science	130	0	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,400	11,580	820	11.5	22.1	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	260	190	70	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	2,225	1,925	305	2.1	3.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,125	1,900	230	2.0	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,625	3,520	105	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,625	2,590	35	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,530	1,455	80	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,375	655	720	1.3	1.3	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,095	450	645	1.0	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	200	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	8,090	1,440	6,650	7.5	2.8	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	745	390	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,185	960	6,225	6.7	1.8	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,265	1,545	1,715	3.0	3.0	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,805	405	1,395	1.7	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	725	520	210	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	595	115	0.7	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,805	33,935	35,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,575	13,095	12,475	36.6	38.6	34.8
Education	3,505	675	2,830	5.0	2.0	7.9
13. Education	3,505	675	2,830	5.0	2.0	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,600	565	1,040	2.3	1.7	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	120	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,415	445	975	2.0	1.3	2.7
Humanities	2,730	1,150	1,580	3.9	3.4	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	95	225	0.5	0.3	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	580	140	435	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	815	340	475	1.2	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	275	180	0.7	0.8	0.5
54. History	335	185	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,285	1,635	3,650	7.6	4.8	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	215	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	60	845	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	820	155	665	1.2	0.5	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	925	235	690	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,000	925	1,075	2.9	2.7	3.0
Business, management and public administration	9,040	3,745	5,295	13.0	11.0	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	85	380	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,575	3,665	4,910	12.3	10.8	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,330	610	720	1.9	1.8	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	190	300	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	175	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	365	215	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,595	980	615	2.3	2.9	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,345	900	445	1.9	2.7	1.2
25. Library science	90	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,430	8,720	720	13.5	25.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	220	160	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,845	1,560	285	2.6	4.6	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,570	1,385	185	2.2	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,695	2,615	80	3.9	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,000	1,965	35	2.9	5.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,110	1,035	70	1.6	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,065	470	600	1.5	1.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	845	315	530	1.2	0.9	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	150	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	6,165	1,135	5,030	8.8	3.3	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	605	335	270	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,455	750	4,705	7.8	2.2	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,460	1,150	1,310	3.5	3.4	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	290	1,055	1.9	0.9	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	415	185	0.9	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	425	75	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,805	33,935	35,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,575	13,095	12,475	36.6	38.6	34.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,235	20,845	23,390	63.4	61.4	65.2
Location of study inside Canada	34,705	16,500	18,205	49.7	48.6	50.8
Same as province or territory of residence	30,055	14,210	15,845	43.1	41.9	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	4,650	2,290	2,360	6.7	6.7	6.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,525	4,345	5,185	13.6	12.8	14.5
Americas	1,825	905	920	2.6	2.7	2.6
United States of America	1,270	665	600	1.8	2.0	1.7
Mexico	190	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	150	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,565	820	740	2.2	2.4	2.1
Belgium	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	640	380	255	0.9	1.1	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	370	185	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	5,510	2,295	3,215	7.9	6.8	9.0
Iran⁸⁸	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,080	470	610	1.5	1.4	1.7
Taiwan	185	70	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	75	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	1,745	675	1,070	2.5	2.0	3.0
Philippines	650	240	405	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	1,145	520	625	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pakistan	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	265	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	210	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	107,370	52,335	55,035	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,230	37,210	34,015	...	...	...
Employed	66,850	35,175	31,675	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,380	2,035	2,345	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,140	15,125	21,020	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.3	71.1	61.8	66.3	71.1	61.8
Employment rate	62.3	67.2	57.6	62.3	67.2	57.6
Unemployment rate	6.1	5.5	6.9	6.1	5.5	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	107,370	52,335	55,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,600	15,345	21,250	34.1	29.3	38.6
Worked	70,775	36,990	33,785	65.9	70.7	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,940	24,145	15,795	37.2	46.1	28.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,835	12,840	17,990	28.7	24.5	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	44.1	40.9	42.6	44.1	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,225	37,210	34,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,070	450	625	1.5	1.2	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,155	36,765	33,395	98.5	98.8	98.2
Employee	57,030	28,720	28,315	80.1	77.2	83.2
Permanent position	49,770	25,570	24,195	69.9	68.7	71.1
Temporary position	7,265	3,145	4,115	10.2	8.5	12.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,330	1,055	1,275	3.3	2.8	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,930	2,090	2,840	6.9	5.6	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,125	8,050	5,080	18.4	21.6	14.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,225	37,210	34,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,070	450	625	1.5	1.2	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,155	36,765	33,395	98.5	98.8	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,020	810	210	1.4	2.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,750	3,505	9,250	17.9	9.4	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,220	3,385	830	5.9	9.1	2.4
3 Health occupations	4,500	835	3,665	6.3	2.2	10.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,830	3,070	5,765	12.4	8.3	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,360	975	1,385	3.3	2.6	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	16,080	6,990	9,095	22.6	18.8	26.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,985	13,730	1,260	21.0	36.9	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,880	1,710	1,170	4.0	4.6	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,530	1,760	770	3.6	4.7	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,225	37,210	34,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,070	450	625	1.5	1.2	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	70,155	36,765	33,395	98.5	98.8	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,680	1,405	1,270	3.8	3.8	3.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	185	140	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	510	365	145	0.7	1.0	0.4
23 Construction	8,780	7,365	1,415	12.3	19.8	4.2
31-33 Manufacturing	5,240	3,725	1,515	7.4	10.0	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	3,330	2,165	1,170	4.7	5.8	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,420	3,515	3,905	10.4	9.4	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,180	3,035	1,150	5.9	8.2	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,465	850	620	2.1	2.3	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,660	1,055	1,605	3.7	2.8	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,295	670	625	1.8	1.8	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,695	2,395	2,305	6.6	6.4	6.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	95	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,455	1,385	1,070	3.4	3.7	3.1
61 Educational services	5,245	1,450	3,790	7.4	3.9	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,155	1,120	6,035	10.0	3.0	17.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,470	715	760	2.1	1.9	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,770	1,530	2,245	5.3	4.1	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,450	1,670	1,780	4.8	4.5	5.2
91 Public administration	3,950	2,125	1,825	5.5	5.7	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,290	39,690	36,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	71,450	37,280	34,170	93.7	93.9	93.4
French	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	1,270	630	640	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,270	630	640	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	415	130	285	0.5	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,055	1,585	1,470	4.0	4.0	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,290	39,690	36,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,675	39,370	36,310	99.2	99.2	99.2
Official languages	73,590	38,285	35,310	96.5	96.5	96.5
English	73,525	38,270	35,255	96.4	96.4	96.3
French	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official languages	2,085	1,085	1,000	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,085	1,085	1,000	2.7	2.7	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	350	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	350	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	535	310	225	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	420	255	170	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	405	250	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	245	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	645	340	305	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	255	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	510	255	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	465	225	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	610	320	290	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	575	310	265	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,290	39,690	36,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,285	38,215	35,075	96.1	96.3	95.8
English	835	440	395	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	345	115	225	0.5	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	1,650	825	830	2.2	2.1	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,650	825	825	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	66,845	35,175	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,830	6,230	7,600	20.7	17.7	24.0
Worked outside Canada	245	150	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	11,445	8,620	2,835	17.1	24.5	9.0
Usual place of work	41,330	20,180	21,150	61.8	57.4	66.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,325	20,180	21,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,770	6,635	9,135	38.2	32.9	43.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,875	11,100	9,775	50.5	55.0	46.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,580	2,380	2,200	11.1	11.8	10.4
Commute to a different province or territory	95	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	52,775	28,795	23,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	48,615	26,935	21,680	92.1	93.5	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,475	25,625	19,855	86.2	89.0	82.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,135	1,305	1,830	5.9	4.5	7.6
Public transit	1,330	570	765	2.5	2.0	3.2
Walked	1,695	695	1,005	3.2	2.4	4.2
Bicycle	250	185	65	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	885	410	475	1.7	1.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	52,775	28,795	23,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,875	5,880	6,995	24.4	20.4	29.2
15 to 29 minutes	18,015	9,030	8,980	34.1	31.4	37.4
30 to 44 minutes	12,205	7,245	4,960	23.1	25.2	20.7
45 to 59 minutes	5,485	3,665	1,820	10.4	12.7	7.6
60 minutes and over	4,190	2,975	1,215	7.9	10.3	5.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	52,775	28,795	23,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,315	3,920	1,400	10.1	13.6	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,315	6,360	2,955	17.7	22.1	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,430	6,990	6,440	25.4	24.3	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,670	4,860	5,815	20.2	16.9	24.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,185	2,970	4,215	13.6	10.3	17.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,855	3,705	3,155	13.0	12.9	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,680	15,255	14,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,340	665	675	4.5	4.4	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,340	14,585	13,755	95.5	95.6	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,755	11,125	10,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060	525	535	4.9	4.7	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	235	260	2.3	2.1	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560	290	270	2.6	2.6	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,695	10,600	10,095	95.1	95.3	95.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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