Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kootenay--ColumbiaMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	120,759	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	112,354	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,968	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,596	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	63,345.79	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,760	60,440	60,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,955	9,110	8,840	14.9	15.1	14.7
0 to 4 years	5,235	2,625	2,610	4.3	4.3	4.3
5 to 9 years	6,145	3,105	3,030	5.1	5.1	5.0
10 to 14 years	6,580	3,385	3,195	5.4	5.6	5.3
15 to 64 years	75,120	37,695	37,425	62.2	62.4	62.0
15 to 19 years	5,620	2,900	2,720	4.7	4.8	4.5
20 to 24 years	5,140	2,715	2,425	4.3	4.5	4.0
25 to 29 years	6,685	3,405	3,280	5.5	5.6	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,110	3,980	4,130	6.7	6.6	6.8
35 to 39 years	8,430	4,250	4,175	7.0	7.0	6.9
40 to 44 years	7,995	4,030	3,970	6.6	6.7	6.6
45 to 49 years	7,350	3,740	3,610	6.1	6.2	6.0
50 to 54 years	7,230	3,610	3,620	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,590	4,230	4,365	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	9,970	4,845	5,130	8.3	8.0	8.5
65 years and over	27,685	13,630	14,050	22.9	22.6	23.3
65 to 69 years	9,370	4,745	4,625	7.8	7.9	7.7
70 to 74 years	7,790	3,970	3,815	6.5	6.6	6.3
75 to 79 years	4,785	2,345	2,440	4.0	3.9	4.0
80 to 84 years	3,015	1,425	1,595	2.5	2.4	2.6
85 years and over	2,725	1,140	1,580	2.3	1.9	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,740	790	955	1.4	1.3	1.6
90 to 94 years	770	280	485	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	190	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.1	14.7	14.9	15.1	14.7
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.4	62.0	62.2	62.4	62.0
65 years and over	22.9	22.6	23.3	22.9	22.6	23.3
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.6
Average age of the population	44.4	44.0	44.8	44.4	44.0	44.8
Median age of the population	45.2	44.8	46.0	45.2	44.8	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,665	...	...	71.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,905	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	2,145	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,670	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,330	...	...	10.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,510	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,700	...	...	29.8	...	...
2 persons	21,285	...	...	40.5	...	...
3 persons	6,875	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	5,850	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,895	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,175	59,230	58,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,805	51,330	51,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	62,455	31,220	31,240	60.8	60.8	60.7
Married	47,625	23,825	23,805	46.3	46.4	46.2
Living common-law	14,830	7,390	7,440	14.4	14.4	14.5
Living common law - Never married	10,740	5,410	5,335	10.4	10.5	10.4
Living common law - Separated	575	270	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,565	1,550	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	395	150	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	40,345	20,105	20,240	39.2	39.2	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,715	14,105	10,610	24.0	27.5	20.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,940	1,360	1,575	2.9	2.6	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,055	3,250	3,805	6.9	6.3	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,640	1,390	4,255	5.5	2.7	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,645	...	...	61.6	...	...
3 persons	6,120	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	5,375	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,965	...	...	5.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,495	...	...	86.9	...	...
Married couples	23,080	...	...	65.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,275	...	...	26.4	...	...
Without children	13,800	...	...	39.3	...	...
Common-law couples	7,415	...	...	21.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,480	...	...	7.1	...	...
Without children	4,935	...	...	14.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,620	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,350	...	...	9.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,265	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,170	59,225	58,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,695	46,590	47,100	79.3	78.7	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,990	30,435	30,555	51.6	51.4	51.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,615	1,265	3,355	3.9	2.1	5.7
Children⁶	28,085	14,890	13,195	23.8	25.1	22.4
In a two-parent family	21,100	11,130	9,975	17.9	18.8	16.9
In a one-parent family	6,985	3,760	3,220	5.9	6.3	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,480	12,640	11,845	20.7	21.3	20.1
Living alone	15,695	7,915	7,780	13.3	13.4	13.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,905	890	1,010	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,880	3,825	3,055	5.8	6.5	5.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,515	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	27,870	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,760	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	17,105	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,650	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	725	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	335	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,825	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,500	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	15,695	...	...	29.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,275	50,140	50,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,060	49,135	48,930	97.8	98.0	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,600	34,800	40,800	49,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,095	49,150	48,945	97.8	98.0	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	32,000	37,200	44,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,605	45,675	43,935	89.4	91.1	87.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,800	25,200	33,200	42,800	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,645	36,510	33,135	69.5	72.8	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	44,400	26,800	34,000	44,400	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,190	38,500	42,690	81.0	76.8	85.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	11,300	11,700	11,500	11,300	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,655	5,405	5,250	10.6	10.8	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,680	5,520	5,600	5,680	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,030	11,780	13,250	25.0	23.5	26.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,205	50,225	49,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,085	49,300	48,785	97.9	98.2	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	61,400	42,120	51,800	61,400	42,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,120	49,320	48,800	97.9	98.2	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	51,400	37,040	44,280	51,400	37,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,855	45,900	43,955	89.7	91.4	87.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,840	56,200	35,000	45,840	56,200	35,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,550	36,530	33,025	69.4	72.7	66.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	56,100	35,440	46,280	56,100	35,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,065	38,585	42,480	80.9	76.8	85.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,880	11,580	12,150	11,880	11,580	12,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,640	5,460	5,175	10.6	10.9	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,500	7,020	6,750	6,500	7,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,760	11,710	13,050	24.7	23.3	26.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,570	8,250	8,860	8,570	8,250	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,200	50,220	49,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,950	16,340	11,615	27.9	32.5	23.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	75,500	52,800	64,500	75,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,400	81,900	59,150	72,400	81,900	59,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,100	15,115	16,990	32.0	30.1	34.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,800	17,600	20,600	25,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	40,480	24,760	32,160	40,480	24,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	85.2	74.8	81.0	85.2	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.4	67.8	57.0	63.4	67.8	57.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	14.8	25.1	19.0	14.8	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.0	7.2	5.3	4.0	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.2	5.6	4.2	3.2	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,275	50,135	50,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,210	1,010	1,205	2.2	2.0	2.4
With total income	98,065	49,130	48,930	97.8	98.0	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,710	3,010	4,700	7.9	6.1	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,140	4,220	6,915	11.4	8.6	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,670	6,515	9,155	16.0	13.3	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,460	5,805	7,660	13.7	11.8	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,305	5,255	6,045	11.5	10.7	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,925	4,480	4,450	9.1	9.1	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	3,770	2,845	6.7	7.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,220	3,210	2,005	5.3	6.5	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,920	2,495	1,425	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,225	2,085	1,140	3.3	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	10,880	8,285	2,595	11.1	16.9	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	7,960	6,005	1,955	8.1	12.2	4.0
$150,000 and over	2,920	2,275	640	3.0	4.6	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,275	50,135	50,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,180	990	1,195	2.2	2.0	2.4
With after-tax income	98,090	49,145	48,945	97.8	98.0	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,145	3,160	4,980	8.3	6.4	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,590	4,405	7,190	11.8	9.0	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,855	7,480	10,375	18.2	15.2	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,295	6,740	8,555	15.6	13.7	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,480	6,135	6,350	12.7	12.5	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,125	5,025	4,100	9.3	10.2	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,700	4,145	2,555	6.8	8.4	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,845	3,115	1,730	4.9	6.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085	2,790	1,300	4.2	5.7	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,790	2,145	645	2.8	4.4	1.3
$100,000 and over	5,170	4,010	1,160	5.3	8.2	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,905	2,290	620	3.0	4.7	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,265	1,725	545	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,275	50,135	50,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,630	13,625	17,005	30.5	27.2	33.9
With employment income	69,640	36,515	33,130	69.4	72.8	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,750	5,170	5,580	15.4	14.2	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,560	2,330	3,235	8.0	6.4	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,635	3,740	4,895	12.4	10.2	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,055	3,010	4,045	10.1	8.2	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,415	2,845	3,570	9.2	7.8	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,675	2,655	3,020	8.1	7.3	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,730	2,290	2,435	6.8	6.3	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,930	2,315	1,620	5.6	6.3	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,355	2,135	1,215	4.8	5.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,720	1,740	980	3.9	4.8	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,585	810	3.4	4.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	8,420	6,700	1,725	12.1	18.3	5.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,550	3,465	1,085	6.5	9.5	3.3
$125,000 and over	3,875	3,235	640	5.6	8.9	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,275	50,140	50,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,125	48,125	48,000	95.9	96.0	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	49,200	31,200	38,800	49,200	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,365	48,155	48,205	96.1	96.0	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,200	28,600	34,800	43,200	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,905	45,290	43,610	88.7	90.3	87.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,800	26,400	34,400	44,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,285	37,625	34,660	72.1	75.0	69.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	44,000	26,600	33,600	44,000	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,235	30,190	37,040	67.1	60.2	73.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	9,100	7,950	8,400	9,100	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,755	4,380	4,375	8.7	8.7	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,680	5,400	5,600	5,680	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,205	50,225	49,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,195	48,245	47,945	96.0	96.1	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	62,050	39,480	50,800	62,050	39,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,380	48,265	48,115	96.2	96.1	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	51,000	34,160	42,600	51,000	34,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,180	45,535	43,650	89.0	90.7	87.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	59,200	35,560	47,640	59,200	35,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,400	37,790	34,610	72.3	75.2	69.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	57,350	34,480	46,400	57,350	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,180	30,045	37,140	67.0	59.8	74.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,510	9,900	9,190	9,510	9,900	9,190
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,775	4,435	4,345	8.8	8.8	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,650	7,190	6,920	6,650	7,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,200	50,220	49,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,750	16,240	11,510	27.7	32.3	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	73,000	48,400	60,800	73,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,500	81,300	55,200	70,500	81,300	55,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,610	14,465	16,145	30.5	28.8	32.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	32,400	22,200	26,200	32,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,600	47,880	28,360	37,600	47,880	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.0	82.0	87.0	90.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	68.8	72.4	63.0	68.8	72.4	63.0
Government transfers (%)	13.1	9.9	18.0	13.1	9.9	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,600	...	...	50,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,680	...	...	43,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,200	...	...	116,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,155	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,325	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,805	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,820	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,070	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,165	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,180	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,065	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,815	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,470	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,055	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,330	...	...	38.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,365	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,770	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,305	...	...	10.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,895	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	515	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,195	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,460	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,080	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,090	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,370	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,520	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,395	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,665	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,090	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,360	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,065	...	...	30.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,600	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,115	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,350	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,580	11,740	10,835	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,200	35,200	38,000	41,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,200	32,800	34,800	37,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...	102,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...	123,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,630	11,770	10,865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,560	52,600	42,120	47,560	52,600	42,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,240	44,560	37,640	41,240	44,560	37,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,175	59,230	58,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,435	10,905	10,520	18.1	18.4	17.8
0 to 5 years	6,430	3,215	3,210	5.4	5.4	5.4
18 to 64 years	70,510	35,215	35,290	59.7	59.5	59.9
65 years and over	26,235	13,105	13,130	22.2	22.1	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,810	5,495	6,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,120	1,040	1,080	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	650	315	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,065	2,935	3,125	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,635	1,525	2,110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.3	10.7	10.0	9.3	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	9.5	10.3	9.9	9.5	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.1	9.7	10.5	10.1	9.7	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.3	8.9	8.6	8.3	8.9
65 years and over (%)	13.8	11.6	16.1	13.8	11.6	16.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,360	58,835	58,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,270	10,830	10,440	18.1	18.4	17.8
0 to 5 years	6,380	3,190	3,190	5.4	5.4	5.5
18 to 64 years	69,965	34,955	35,015	59.6	59.4	59.8
65 years and over	26,120	13,050	13,065	22.3	22.2	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,200	1,685	1,520	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	520	260	260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	70	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,360	1,275	1,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	150	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.2	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,175	59,225	58,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,205	28,735	30,470	50.1	48.5	51.7
In bottom decile	11,300	5,425	5,880	9.6	9.2	10.0
In second decile	12,060	5,625	6,430	10.2	9.5	10.9
In third decile	12,015	5,870	6,150	10.2	9.9	10.4
In fourth decile	11,935	5,885	6,055	10.1	9.9	10.3
In fifth decile	11,895	5,935	5,960	10.1	10.0	10.1
In top half of the distribution	58,970	30,495	28,475	49.9	51.5	48.3
In sixth decile	12,160	6,175	5,985	10.3	10.4	10.2
In seventh decile	12,195	6,215	5,975	10.3	10.5	10.1
In eighth decile	12,055	6,240	5,810	10.2	10.5	9.9
In ninth decile	12,430	6,510	5,925	10.5	11.0	10.1
In top decile	10,135	5,355	4,780	8.6	9.0	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,170	...	...	118,170	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	119,495	59,945	59,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	110,185	55,755	54,430	92.2	93.0	91.4
French only	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	9,075	4,095	4,975	7.6	6.8	8.4
Neither English nor French	185	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	119,495	59,945	59,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,575	58,550	58,030	97.6	97.7	97.4
French	2,600	1,270	1,340	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	119,495	59,945	59,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	117,785	59,160	58,620	98.6	98.7	98.4
Official languages	110,060	55,605	54,450	92.1	92.8	91.4
English	107,345	54,285	53,060	89.8	90.6	89.1
French	2,710	1,325	1,390	2.3	2.2	2.3
Non-official languages	7,730	3,555	4,175	6.5	5.9	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,670	3,530	4,140	6.4	5.9	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	635	230	405	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	550	200	355	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,785	2,740	3,045	4.8	4.6	5.1
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,200	530	670	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,160	515	645	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	310	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,605	1,215	1,385	2.2	2.0	2.3
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,825	845	985	1.5	1.4	1.7
German	1,655	755	895	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	590	300	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	415	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	870	480	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	845	465	375	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	320	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,045	485	560	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	520	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	365	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	385	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	355	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	200	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,705	780	925	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and French	575	280	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	990	435	555	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	119,495	59,945	59,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,930	55,960	54,970	92.8	93.4	92.3
French	665	330	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	1,065	530	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,060	525	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,590	720	865	1.3	1.2	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	4,935	2,255	2,675	4.1	3.8	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	119,495	59,945	59,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	118,380	59,445	58,940	99.1	99.2	99.0
Official languages	115,980	58,255	57,725	97.1	97.2	96.9
English	115,015	57,790	57,225	96.3	96.4	96.1
French	960	460	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	2,400	1,190	1,215	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,395	1,185	1,210	2.0	2.0	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,525	770	750	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	560	310	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	550	300	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	220	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,115	505	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	295	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	795	360	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	119,495	59,945	59,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,630	57,240	56,385	95.1	95.5	94.7
English	1,320	630	690	1.1	1.1	1.2
French	1,065	495	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	2,905	1,305	1,600	2.4	2.2	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,790	1,250	1,540	2.3	2.1	2.6
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,155	59,335	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	117,995	59,255	58,745	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	117,935	59,230	58,700	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	9,030	3,950	5,075	7.6	6.7	8.6
Non-official languages	12,895	6,030	6,860	10.9	10.2	11.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,645	5,930	6,715	10.7	10.0	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	980	410	570	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	920	390	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	110	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	90	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Tamil	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,745	4,595	5,150	8.2	7.7	8.8
Albanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,470	685	785	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,445	675	770	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	310	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	490	210	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,865	1,840	2,020	3.3	3.1	3.4
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,785	1,310	1,475	2.4	2.2	2.5
German	2,675	1,270	1,405	2.3	2.1	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	910	455	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	315	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dutch	565	295	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,190	650	540	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,140	615	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	590	320	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	860	445	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,620	1,585	2,035	3.1	2.7	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	890	415	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,655	1,110	1,550	2.2	1.9	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	625	265	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	600	255	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	240	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	320	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,155	59,330	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,040	4,420	4,620	7.7	7.4	7.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,705	4,250	4,455	7.4	7.2	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,605	1,700	1,910	3.1	2.9	3.2
Métis	5,000	2,505	2,495	4.2	4.2	4.2
Inuk (Inuit)	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,115	54,910	54,200	92.3	92.6	92.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,155	59,330	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,130	980	1,150	1.8	1.7	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,030	58,355	57,675	98.2	98.4	98.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	40,580	...	...	77.2	...	...
Renter	11,930	...	...	22.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,220	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not condominium	48,370	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,100	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,825	...	...	26.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,000	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,380	...	...	29.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,525	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	8,515	...	...	16.2	...	...
6 rooms	8,435	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,815	...	...	13.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,310	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,135	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	460	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,075	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,525	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,665	...	...	20.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,760	...	...	33.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,840	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,425	...	...	14.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,455	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,585	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,360	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,505	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,545	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,045	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,185	...	...	49.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,325	...	...	46.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,085	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,005	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,530	...	...	12.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,765	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,300	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,815	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,620	...	...	20.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,810	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,750	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,625	...	...	84.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,100	...	...	15.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,355	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,510	...	...	23.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,150	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,190	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,040	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	795	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,085	...	...	76.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	50,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,230	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	46,755	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,970	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.9	...	...	52.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,165	...	...	1,165	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	494,400	...	...	494,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.4	...	...	30.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,113	...	...	1,113	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,155	59,335	58,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,325	1,180	1,150	2.0	2.0	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,225	1,135	1,090	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,435	685	745	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis single ancestry	780	430	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,775	3,735	4,035	6.6	6.3	6.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,550	3,625	3,930	6.4	6.1	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,450	2,145	2,310	3.8	3.6	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,015	1,450	1,565	2.6	2.4	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,055	54,420	53,635	91.5	91.7	91.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,155	59,335	58,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,170	56,465	55,700	94.9	95.2	94.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,060	10,780	10,280	17.8	18.2	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	91,110	45,690	45,420	77.1	77.0	77.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,985	2,870	3,115	5.1	4.8	5.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,155	59,335	58,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,555	52,180	51,370	87.6	87.9	87.3
Immigrants⁸¹	12,740	6,115	6,630	10.8	10.3	11.3
Before 1980	5,030	2,575	2,455	4.3	4.3	4.2
1980 to 1990	1,265	565	705	1.1	1.0	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,210	450	760	1.0	0.8	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,860	945	920	1.6	1.6	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,375	1,590	1,790	2.9	2.7	3.0
2011 to 2015	1,355	635	720	1.1	1.1	1.2
2016 to 2021	2,020	950	1,075	1.7	1.6	1.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,860	1,035	820	1.6	1.7	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,740	6,115	6,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,440	840	605	11.3	13.7	9.1
5 to 14 years	2,180	1,080	1,100	17.1	17.7	16.6
15 to 24 years	2,455	1,160	1,295	19.3	19.0	19.5
25 to 44 years	5,745	2,575	3,165	45.1	42.1	47.7
45 years and over	925	460	465	7.3	7.5	7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,740	6,115	6,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,845	1,220	1,625	22.3	20.0	24.5
Brazil	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	160	60	100	1.3	1.0	1.5
Mexico	105	25	80	0.8	0.4	1.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	2,260	990	1,270	17.7	16.2	19.2
Other places of birth in Americas	165	70	95	1.3	1.1	1.4
Europe	6,785	3,455	3,335	53.3	56.5	50.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Croatia	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	185	95	95	1.5	1.6	1.4
Germany	1,055	515	540	8.3	8.4	8.1
Greece	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	75	40	40	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italy	350	190	160	2.7	3.1	2.4
Netherlands	460	275	185	3.6	4.5	2.8
Poland	195	80	115	1.5	1.3	1.7
Portugal	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romania	35	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	95	40	60	0.7	0.7	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	100	40	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,870	1,520	1,350	22.5	24.9	20.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,195	570	625	9.4	9.3	9.4
Africa	490	245	250	3.8	4.0	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	55	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	305	140	160	2.4	2.3	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	100	40	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
Asia	1,825	755	1,070	14.3	12.3	16.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	85	95	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	120	75	50	0.9	1.2	0.8
Taiwan	85	30	55	0.7	0.5	0.8
Philippines	685	260	425	5.4	4.3	6.4
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Bangladesh	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	305	135	170	2.4	2.2	2.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	280	90	185	2.2	1.5	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	800	445	355	6.3	7.3	5.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,025	950	1,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	460	200	255	22.7	21.1	23.8
Brazil	20	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	55	70	5.9	5.8	6.5
Mexico	30	15	15	1.5	1.6	1.4
United States of America	270	115	150	13.3	12.1	14.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.0	1.1	0.9
Europe	645	305	345	31.9	32.1	32.2
France	60	20	40	3.0	2.1	3.7
Germany	55	15	35	2.7	1.6	3.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	10	1.0	0.0	0.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	190	175	18.0	20.0	16.4
Other places of birth in Europe	135	55	75	6.7	5.8	7.0
Africa	35	20	20	1.7	2.1	1.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	575	255	325	28.4	26.8	30.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	1.5	1.6	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	150	75	80	7.4	7.9	7.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	340	145	195	16.8	15.3	18.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	1.7	1.1	2.3
Oceania and other⁹³	305	175	130	15.1	18.4	12.1
Australia	265	150	115	13.1	15.8	10.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	45	25	20	2.2	2.6	1.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,155	59,330	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,050	7,890	8,160	13.6	13.3	13.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,980	9,775	10,205	16.9	16.5	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	82,120	41,665	40,450	69.5	70.2	68.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,715	3,540	4,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,385	2,190	2,195	56.8	61.9	52.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,150	1,295	855	27.9	36.6	20.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,240	895	1,345	29.0	25.3	32.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,960	1,170	1,790	38.4	33.1	42.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	320	165	160	4.1	4.7	3.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,715	3,540	4,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,690	1,300	1,385	34.9	36.7	33.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	320	130	195	4.1	3.7	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	460	220	235	6.0	6.2	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	140	40	100	1.8	1.1	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,080	1,835	2,245	52.9	51.8	53.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,155	59,330	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,985	2,860	3,120	5.1	4.8	5.3
South Asian	1,570	850	720	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese	785	335	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	630	315	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	1,090	450	640	0.9	0.8	1.1
Arab	95	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin American	455	185	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	210	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	560	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	112,175	56,470	55,705	94.9	95.2	94.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,155	59,335	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,715	8,035	7,680	13.3	13.5	13.1
English	36,315	17,840	18,475	30.7	30.1	31.4
Irish	22,040	10,350	11,685	18.7	17.4	19.9
Scottish	27,070	13,160	13,905	22.9	22.2	23.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,770	6,205	6,570	10.8	10.5	11.2
German	20,765	10,265	10,505	17.6	17.3	17.9
Chinese	890	410	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italian	6,420	3,235	3,180	5.4	5.5	5.4
Indian (India)	1,080	575	505	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ukrainian	7,515	3,935	3,580	6.4	6.6	6.1
Dutch	5,650	2,935	2,725	4.8	4.9	4.6
Polish	4,990	2,475	2,510	4.2	4.2	4.3
Québécois	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,530	2,790	2,740	4.7	4.7	4.7
Filipino	1,015	415	600	0.9	0.7	1.0
French Canadian	1,335	685	650	1.1	1.2	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,330	1,230	1,100	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,415	1,115	1,300	2.0	1.9	2.2
Métis	4,110	2,040	2,065	3.5	3.4	3.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,475	1,805	1,670	2.9	3.0	2.8
Russian	4,305	2,175	2,125	3.6	3.7	3.6
Norwegian	5,555	2,555	2,995	4.7	4.3	5.1
Welsh	3,560	1,690	1,870	3.0	2.8	3.2
Portuguese	420	150	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	2,520	1,120	1,400	2.1	1.9	2.4
Spanish	715	300	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	4,595	2,200	2,395	3.9	3.7	4.1
Hungarian	1,740	795	950	1.5	1.3	1.6
Acadian	325	125	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	280	110	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	545	265	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	435	240	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	930	420	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Korean	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	805	375	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	1,865	915	955	1.6	1.5	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	890	430	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,645	785	855	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belgian	570	260	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	425	200	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Swiss	1,595	720	875	1.3	1.2	1.5
Finnish	1,125	540	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sri Lankan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	365	215	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	675	335	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,095	545	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	655	365	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	1,390	690	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Syrian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	270	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	380	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	430	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	820	440	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Palestinian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	385	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	925	460	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	385	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,155	59,330	58,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	620	240	385	0.5	0.4	0.7
Christian	41,535	19,070	22,460	35.2	32.1	38.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,650	4,115	4,540	7.3	6.9	7.7
Anabaptist	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	4,055	1,815	2,240	3.4	3.1	3.8
Baptist	1,340	655	685	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catholic	12,880	6,015	6,865	10.9	10.1	11.7
Christian Orthodox	425	180	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	960	410	555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Latter Day Saints	1,505	675	830	1.3	1.1	1.4
Lutheran	1,715	785	925	1.5	1.3	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	415	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	795	335	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,170	2,215	2,960	4.4	3.7	5.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,595	1,175	1,415	2.2	2.0	2.4
Hindu	460	250	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	285	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	640	325	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,310	530	780	1.1	0.9	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	72,905	38,615	34,290	61.7	65.1	58.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,265	58,855	58,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,105	50,810	50,295	86.2	86.3	86.1
Movers	16,160	8,050	8,115	13.8	13.7	13.9
Non-migrants	7,705	3,725	3,980	6.6	6.3	6.8
Migrants	8,455	4,320	4,140	7.2	7.3	7.1
Internal migrants	7,785	3,985	3,800	6.6	6.8	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,250	2,120	2,130	3.6	3.6	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,540	1,865	1,675	3.0	3.2	2.9
External migrants	670	335	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,995	56,615	56,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,310	32,630	32,680	57.8	57.6	58.0
Movers	47,685	23,985	23,705	42.2	42.4	42.0
Non-migrants	14,330	7,295	7,035	12.7	12.9	12.5
Migrants	33,350	16,685	16,665	29.5	29.5	29.6
Internal migrants	30,215	15,100	15,115	26.7	26.7	26.8
Intraprovincial migrants	18,295	8,965	9,325	16.2	15.8	16.5
Interprovincial migrants	11,920	6,135	5,785	10.5	10.8	10.3
External migrants	3,135	1,590	1,550	2.8	2.8	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,200	50,220	49,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,565	9,545	7,025	16.5	19.0	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	83,635	40,680	42,955	83.5	81.0	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,340	31,520	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,350	3,815	2,530	10.0	12.1	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,990	27,705	29,285	90.0	87.9	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,205	50,220	49,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,910	7,660	6,250	13.9	15.3	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,445	14,960	15,485	30.4	29.8	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,845	27,605	28,245	55.7	55.0	56.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,805	18,865	16,940	35.7	37.6	33.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,795	9,475	2,325	11.8	18.9	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,760	2,235	1,530	3.8	4.5	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,030	7,240	795	8.0	14.4	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,350	8,360	12,990	21.3	16.6	26.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,665	1,040	1,625	2.7	2.1	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,040	8,735	11,305	20.0	17.4	22.6
Bachelor's degree	13,505	5,890	7,610	13.5	11.7	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,245	500	745	1.2	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	690	405	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	4,155	1,715	2,440	4.1	3.4	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,340	31,520	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,025	2,930	2,100	7.9	9.3	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,415	9,465	8,955	29.1	30.0	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,895	19,130	20,765	63.0	60.7	65.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,980	13,035	11,945	39.4	41.4	37.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,020	6,475	1,550	12.7	20.5	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,555	1,530	1,020	4.0	4.9	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,465	4,940	525	8.6	15.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,220	5,835	9,390	24.0	18.5	29.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,740	730	1,015	2.7	2.3	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,915	6,095	8,820	23.5	19.3	27.7
Bachelor's degree	10,265	4,260	6,005	16.2	13.5	18.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	355	535	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	485	225	255	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	2,980	1,115	1,870	4.7	3.5	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	290	140	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,205	50,220	49,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,360	22,620	21,735	44.3	45.0	43.5
Education	4,390	1,095	3,295	4.4	2.2	6.6
13. Education	4,390	1,095	3,295	4.4	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,905	765	1,135	1.9	1.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	150	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,710	620	1,090	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	2,185	980	1,205	2.2	2.0	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	30	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	535	180	350	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	670	270	405	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	145	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	310	195	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,660	1,430	3,230	4.7	2.8	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490	170	320	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	975	55	920	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	570	165	400	0.6	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	825	255	575	0.8	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,580	705	870	1.6	1.4	1.7
Business, management and public administration	9,605	3,060	6,540	9.6	6.1	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,010	130	875	1.0	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,570	2,925	5,645	8.6	5.8	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,185	1,170	1,010	2.2	2.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	820	360	455	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	725	520	205	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,045	615	430	1.0	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	460	245	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	115	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,840	12,775	1,065	13.8	25.4	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	380	195	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	1,590	1,325	265	1.6	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,355	2,065	290	2.4	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,940	3,795	145	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,840	3,725	115	3.8	7.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,735	1,670	65	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,075	1,900	1,180	3.1	3.8	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,085	535	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,995	1,360	630	2.0	2.7	1.3
Health and related fields	9,205	1,825	7,380	9.2	3.6	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,325	735	590	1.3	1.5	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,625	935	6,690	7.6	1.9	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	230	145	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,740	1,995	1,745	3.7	4.0	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,290	765	1,525	2.3	1.5	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	500	345	155	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	910	840	70	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,340	31,520	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,445	12,390	11,055	37.0	39.3	34.7
Education	2,595	570	2,025	4.1	1.8	6.4
13. Education	2,595	570	2,025	4.1	1.8	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,510	590	915	2.4	1.9	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,375	495	875	2.2	1.6	2.7
Humanities	1,530	690	835	2.4	2.2	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	380	140	240	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465	165	300	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	115	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	190	135	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,605	985	2,620	5.7	3.1	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	155	260	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	35	730	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	450	115	335	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	540	110	435	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,230	490	735	1.9	1.6	2.3
Business, management and public administration	7,075	2,280	4,795	11.2	7.2	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	85	685	1.2	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,305	2,195	4,110	10.0	7.0	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520	725	790	2.4	2.3	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	210	360	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	170	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	485	310	180	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	795	470	325	1.3	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	610	390	220	1.0	1.2	0.7
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,605	8,745	865	15.2	27.7	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	325	155	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	1,190	965	225	1.9	3.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,580	1,340	235	2.5	4.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,730	2,630	100	4.3	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,590	2,515	80	4.1	8.0	0.3
48. Precision production	1,185	1,130	55	1.9	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,365	1,355	1,015	3.7	4.3	3.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	820	350	465	1.3	1.1	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,550	1,005	545	2.4	3.2	1.7
Health and related fields	6,505	1,300	5,205	10.3	4.1	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,070	575	490	1.7	1.8	1.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,270	655	4,615	8.3	2.1	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,775	1,420	1,350	4.4	4.5	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,730	580	1,155	2.7	1.8	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	405	260	140	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	635	575	60	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,340	31,520	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,445	12,390	11,055	37.0	39.3	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,895	19,130	20,765	63.0	60.7	65.3
Location of study inside Canada	34,670	16,675	18,000	54.7	52.9	56.6
Same as province or territory of residence	19,190	9,130	10,055	30.3	29.0	31.6
Different than province or territory of residence	15,485	7,545	7,940	24.4	23.9	25.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,225	2,455	2,765	8.2	7.8	8.7
Americas	1,440	610	830	2.3	1.9	2.6
United States of America	1,250	555	695	2.0	1.8	2.2
Mexico	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,845	940	905	2.9	3.0	2.8
Belgium	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germany	260	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	865	475	390	1.4	1.5	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,075	460	615	1.7	1.5	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	455	165	290	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	380	205	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	660	360	310	1.0	1.1	1.0
Australia	470	255	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
New Zealand	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,205	50,220	49,980	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,205	32,905	29,305	...	...	...
Employed	56,975	30,200	26,775	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,230	2,705	2,530	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,995	17,320	20,675	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.1	65.5	58.6	62.1	65.5	58.6
Employment rate	56.9	60.1	53.6	56.9	60.1	53.6
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,205	50,220	49,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,325	17,075	20,250	37.2	34.0	40.5
Worked	62,875	33,145	29,735	62.7	66.0	59.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,800	16,895	11,905	28.7	33.6	23.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,075	16,250	17,830	34.0	32.4	35.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.9	39.3	40.2	40.9	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,210	32,900	29,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	930	450	475	1.5	1.4	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,275	32,450	28,825	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	49,715	25,850	23,870	79.9	78.6	81.5
Permanent position	40,090	21,245	18,840	64.4	64.6	64.3
Temporary position	9,630	4,600	5,030	15.5	14.0	17.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,080	900	1,180	3.3	2.7	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,550	3,695	3,855	12.1	11.2	13.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,560	6,605	4,955	18.6	20.1	16.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,210	32,900	29,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	930	450	475	1.5	1.4	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,275	32,450	28,825	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	480	265	210	0.8	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,810	1,780	6,030	12.6	5.4	20.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,720	2,735	990	6.0	8.3	3.4
3 Health occupations	4,355	815	3,545	7.0	2.5	12.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,145	1,675	4,465	9.9	5.1	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,910	780	1,125	3.1	2.4	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	15,990	6,210	9,785	25.7	18.9	33.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,600	13,275	1,325	23.5	40.3	4.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,640	2,800	840	5.9	8.5	2.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,620	2,110	510	4.2	6.4	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,210	32,900	29,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	930	450	475	1.5	1.4	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	61,275	32,450	28,825	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,600	1,805	800	4.2	5.5	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,200	3,470	735	6.8	10.5	2.5
22 Utilities	350	285	70	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	6,170	5,330	835	9.9	16.2	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,815	2,830	985	6.1	8.6	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	950	730	225	1.5	2.2	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,395	3,320	4,075	11.9	10.1	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,575	1,965	610	4.1	6.0	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	570	300	270	0.9	0.9	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,170	355	815	1.9	1.1	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	960	465	495	1.5	1.4	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,485	1,670	1,815	5.6	5.1	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	190	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,335	1,250	1,090	3.8	3.8	3.7
61 Educational services	3,890	1,030	2,860	6.3	3.1	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,145	1,220	5,930	11.5	3.7	20.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,405	1,255	1,150	3.9	3.8	3.9
72 Accommodation and food services	5,630	2,375	3,250	9.0	7.2	11.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,640	1,270	1,375	4.2	3.9	4.7
91 Public administration	2,795	1,440	1,355	4.5	4.4	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,845	35,635	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,550	35,185	31,370	98.1	98.7	97.4
French	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	670	230	430	1.0	0.6	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	455	150	305	0.7	0.4	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,845	35,635	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,760	35,600	32,160	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	67,690	35,565	32,125	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	67,510	35,520	31,990	99.5	99.7	99.3
French	175	45	135	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,845	35,635	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,760	35,260	31,500	98.4	98.9	97.8
English	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	535	200	335	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	365	105	260	0.5	0.3	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	305	95	210	0.4	0.3	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,975	30,200	26,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,410	3,710	4,705	14.8	12.3	17.6
Worked outside Canada	190	160	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,770	7,450	2,315	17.1	24.7	8.6
Usual place of work	38,605	18,880	19,725	67.8	62.5	73.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,605	18,880	19,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,710	10,305	12,405	58.8	54.6	62.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,510	7,015	6,495	35.0	37.2	32.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,020	695	325	2.6	3.7	1.6
Commute to a different province or territory	1,355	860	495	3.5	4.6	2.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,370	26,330	22,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,425	22,435	17,995	83.6	85.2	81.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,275	20,815	16,460	77.1	79.1	74.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,150	1,620	1,535	6.5	6.2	7.0
Public transit	830	590	240	1.7	2.2	1.1
Walked	4,465	1,850	2,615	9.2	7.0	11.9
Bicycle	1,470	805	665	3.0	3.1	3.0
Other method	1,175	650	525	2.4	2.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,370	26,330	22,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	26,775	12,890	13,885	55.4	49.0	63.0
15 to 29 minutes	11,240	6,185	5,055	23.2	23.5	22.9
30 to 44 minutes	5,270	3,295	1,975	10.9	12.5	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,775	1,180	590	3.7	4.5	2.7
60 minutes and over	3,310	2,785	530	6.8	10.6	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,370	26,330	22,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,045	3,175	870	8.4	12.1	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,875	5,300	2,580	16.3	20.1	11.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,345	6,490	4,855	23.5	24.6	22.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,995	4,900	7,100	24.8	18.6	32.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,370	2,415	3,955	13.2	9.2	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,730	4,050	2,680	13.9	15.4	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,830	11,115	10,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,770	895	870	8.1	8.1	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,065	10,215	9,850	91.9	91.9	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,160	8,265	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,310	675	635	8.1	8.2	8.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585	295	290	3.6	3.6	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	725	385	345	4.5	4.7	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,845	7,585	7,260	91.9	91.8	92.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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