Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kelowna--Lake CountryMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,290	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	119,388	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	60,358	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	55,707	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	87.1	...	...	87.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,565.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,290	67,165	69,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,070	10,120	9,950	14.7	15.1	14.4
0 to 4 years	5,755	2,885	2,870	4.2	4.3	4.2
5 to 9 years	6,900	3,490	3,410	5.1	5.2	4.9
10 to 14 years	7,420	3,745	3,675	5.4	5.6	5.3
15 to 64 years	89,450	44,415	45,035	65.6	66.1	65.1
15 to 19 years	7,410	3,800	3,610	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	9,115	4,775	4,340	6.7	7.1	6.3
25 to 29 years	8,995	4,575	4,420	6.6	6.8	6.4
30 to 34 years	9,105	4,540	4,565	6.7	6.8	6.6
35 to 39 years	9,375	4,695	4,685	6.9	7.0	6.8
40 to 44 years	8,510	4,135	4,370	6.2	6.2	6.3
45 to 49 years	8,265	4,130	4,140	6.1	6.1	6.0
50 to 54 years	8,740	4,265	4,470	6.4	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	9,965	4,730	5,235	7.3	7.0	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,970	4,755	5,215	7.3	7.1	7.5
65 years and over	26,770	12,630	14,140	19.6	18.8	20.5
65 to 69 years	8,540	3,995	4,540	6.3	5.9	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,975	3,440	3,535	5.1	5.1	5.1
75 to 79 years	4,810	2,370	2,440	3.5	3.5	3.5
80 to 84 years	3,295	1,560	1,730	2.4	2.3	2.5
85 years and over	3,150	1,260	1,895	2.3	1.9	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,955	820	1,140	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	915	370	540	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	240	55	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.1	14.4	14.7	15.1	14.4
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.1	65.1	65.6	66.1	65.1
65 years and over	19.6	18.8	20.5	19.6	18.8	20.5
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.7	2.3	1.9	2.7
Average age of the population	42.6	41.9	43.3	42.6	41.9	43.3
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	43.2	42.4	41.2	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,120	...	...	50.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,905	...	...	5.2	...	...
Row house	3,720	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,490	...	...	11.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,985	...	...	19.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,945	...	...	3.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,445	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,680	...	...	26.4	...	...
2 persons	21,475	...	...	38.6	...	...
3 persons	7,940	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	7,340	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	4,275	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	134,495	66,270	68,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	116,215	57,040	59,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	68,485	34,250	34,235	58.9	60.0	57.8
Married	55,680	27,845	27,835	47.9	48.8	47.0
Living common-law	12,800	6,405	6,400	11.0	11.2	10.8
Living common law - Never married	9,030	4,550	4,475	7.8	8.0	7.6
Living common law - Separated	555	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,895	1,460	1,440	2.5	2.6	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	330	130	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	47,730	22,790	24,945	41.1	40.0	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,330	17,305	14,025	27.0	30.3	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,895	1,215	1,680	2.5	2.1	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,890	3,000	4,895	6.8	5.3	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,620	1,275	4,345	4.8	2.2	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,120	...	...	57.1	...	...
3 persons	7,210	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	6,920	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,525	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,570	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	27,175	...	...	70.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,875	...	...	33.2	...	...
Without children	14,300	...	...	36.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,405	...	...	16.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,920	...	...	5.0	...	...
Without children	4,480	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,200	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,920	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,280	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	134,495	66,265	68,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	106,960	52,970	53,990	79.5	79.9	79.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	67,150	33,560	33,585	49.9	50.6	49.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,200	1,285	3,915	3.9	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	34,610	18,130	16,485	25.7	27.4	24.2
In a two-parent family	26,970	14,070	12,895	20.1	21.2	18.9
In a one-parent family	7,645	4,060	3,585	5.7	6.1	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,535	13,295	14,235	20.5	20.1	20.9
Living alone	14,680	6,375	8,300	10.9	9.6	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,155	1,440	1,715	2.3	2.2	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	9,695	5,475	4,225	7.2	8.3	6.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,015	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	29,065	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,690	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	16,375	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,950	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,465	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	500	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,460	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,585	...	...	6.4	...	...
One-person households	14,680	...	...	26.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	114,430	56,150	58,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,640	54,780	56,860	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	37,200	42,400	49,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,765	54,860	56,905	97.7	97.7	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	34,400	38,400	44,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,895	50,960	51,940	89.9	90.8	89.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,800	28,800	36,000	44,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,495	41,455	40,040	71.2	73.8	68.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	29,600	36,000	44,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,325	42,250	49,080	79.8	75.2	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,000	10,500	9,800	9,000	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,835	5,155	5,680	9.5	9.2	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,495	14,115	16,385	26.6	25.1	28.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	114,570	56,255	58,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,855	54,950	56,905	97.6	97.7	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	66,500	47,240	56,700	66,500	47,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,965	55,025	56,930	97.7	97.8	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	54,050	40,600	47,200	54,050	40,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,970	51,070	51,900	89.9	90.8	89.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,950	63,150	41,000	51,950	63,150	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,490	41,455	40,035	71.1	73.7	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,760	58,200	39,000	48,760	58,200	39,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,510	42,410	49,100	79.9	75.4	84.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,830	10,150	11,420	10,830	10,150	11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,420	5,020	5,400	9.1	8.9	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,325	6,870	6,610	6,325	6,870
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,225	13,935	16,290	26.4	24.8	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,310	8,740	8,540	8,310	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	114,570	56,255	58,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,335	20,595	15,735	31.7	36.6	27.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,000	55,600	62,000	68,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800	83,400	63,550	74,800	83,400	63,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,105	15,925	19,185	30.6	28.3	32.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,000	17,000	18,600	21,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,880	36,240	24,600	29,880	36,240	24,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	88.2	79.2	84.4	88.2	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	66.0	58.1	62.6	66.0	58.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	11.8	20.9	15.6	11.8	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.8	6.6	5.0	3.8	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.2	5.3	4.1	3.2	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	114,430	56,150	58,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,790	1,365	1,420	2.4	2.4	2.4
With total income	111,645	54,785	56,860	97.6	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,880	3,910	4,970	8.0	7.1	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	12,470	5,125	7,345	11.2	9.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	16,890	7,100	9,790	15.1	13.0	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	14,450	6,050	8,405	12.9	11.0	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,680	5,680	7,000	11.4	10.4	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,450	5,080	5,365	9.4	9.3	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,080	4,335	3,745	7.2	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,275	3,590	2,685	5.6	6.6	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,890	2,855	2,030	4.4	5.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,685	2,240	1,445	3.3	4.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	12,895	8,815	4,075	11.6	16.1	7.2
$100,000 to $149,999	7,970	5,190	2,775	7.1	9.5	4.9
$150,000 and over	4,920	3,620	1,300	4.4	6.6	2.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	114,430	56,150	58,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,670	1,290	1,380	2.3	2.3	2.4
With after-tax income	111,760	54,860	56,900	97.7	97.7	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,500	4,140	5,360	8.5	7.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,925	5,335	7,585	11.6	9.7	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	19,210	8,040	11,175	17.2	14.7	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	16,665	7,240	9,425	14.9	13.2	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	14,480	6,775	7,700	13.0	12.3	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	11,035	5,815	5,220	9.9	10.6	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,885	4,540	3,340	7.1	8.3	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,755	3,395	2,355	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,045	2,420	1,625	3.6	4.4	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605	1,700	910	2.3	3.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	7,670	5,465	2,205	6.9	10.0	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,480	2,350	1,125	3.1	4.3	2.0
$125,000 and over	4,185	3,110	1,080	3.7	5.7	1.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	114,430	56,150	58,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,935	14,690	18,245	28.8	26.2	31.3
With employment income	81,495	41,460	40,035	71.2	73.8	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,560	5,340	6,220	14.2	12.9	15.5
$5,000 to $9,999	6,695	2,855	3,840	8.2	6.9	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,055	4,340	5,715	12.3	10.5	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,890	3,460	4,435	9.7	8.3	11.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,285	3,335	3,950	8.9	8.0	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,285	3,440	3,840	8.9	8.3	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,475	3,290	3,180	7.9	7.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,330	3,005	2,325	6.5	7.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180	2,490	1,690	5.1	6.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,405	2,045	1,360	4.2	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	1,640	1,015	3.3	4.0	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,685	6,215	2,470	10.7	15.0	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920	2,560	1,360	4.8	6.2	3.4
$125,000 and over	4,760	3,650	1,115	5.8	8.8	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	114,430	56,150	58,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	108,880	53,255	55,620	95.1	94.8	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	34,400	40,400	48,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,050	53,300	55,745	95.3	94.9	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,200	36,000	42,400	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,660	50,255	51,405	88.8	89.5	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	30,400	37,200	46,000	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,565	42,325	41,240	73.0	75.4	70.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,600	29,800	36,000	43,600	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,190	31,750	41,440	64.0	56.5	71.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	5,800	6,800	6,500	5,800	6,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,035	3,765	4,265	7.0	6.7	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,320	5,720	5,520	5,320	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	114,570	56,255	58,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,140	53,465	55,685	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,300	66,600	44,520	55,300	66,600	44,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,320	53,520	55,805	95.4	95.1	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,520	53,500	37,920	45,520	53,500	37,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,920	50,460	51,460	89.0	89.7	88.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,150	65,300	41,280	53,150	65,300	41,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,765	42,395	41,370	73.1	75.4	70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880	57,750	37,760	47,880	57,750	37,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,885	31,525	41,355	63.6	56.0	70.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,480	8,370	8,560	8,480	8,370	8,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,110	3,875	4,235	7.1	6.9	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,930	6,200	7,590	6,930	6,200	7,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	114,570	56,255	58,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,945	20,345	15,600	31.4	36.2	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	64,500	51,200	58,400	64,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200	79,500	58,150	70,200	79,500	58,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,615	15,165	18,445	29.3	27.0	31.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,000	21,000	23,600	27,000	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	43,480	28,240	35,120	43,480	28,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	92.6	85.8	89.8	92.6	85.8
Employment income (%)	66.4	68.8	63.0	66.4	68.8	63.0
Government transfers (%)	10.2	7.4	14.3	10.2	7.4	14.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.3	0.9	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...	113,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,750	...	...	54,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,160	...	...	46,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,800	...	...	134,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	680	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	940	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,945	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,625	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,625	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,895	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,870	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,760	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,760	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,670	...	...	44.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,705	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,235	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,350	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,390	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	815	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	990	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,065	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,890	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,825	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,155	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,225	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,185	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,445	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,875	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,390	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,500	...	...	36.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,135	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,865	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,500	...	...	15.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,380	11,855	12,525	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,600	36,400	38,000	39,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	34,000	34,800	36,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...	111,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...	75,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,305	11,765	12,540	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,440	50,560	46,480	48,440	50,560	46,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560	42,760	40,440	41,560	42,760	40,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	134,495	66,265	68,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,365	12,285	12,085	18.1	18.5	17.7
0 to 5 years	7,070	3,540	3,535	5.3	5.3	5.2
18 to 64 years	84,575	41,840	42,735	62.9	63.1	62.6
65 years and over	25,550	12,145	13,405	19.0	18.3	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,280	5,720	6,560	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,340	1,180	1,160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	670	340	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,025	3,445	3,585	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,915	1,095	1,820	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.1	8.6	9.6	9.1	8.6	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5	9.6	9.4	9.5	9.6	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.2	8.4	8.3	8.2	8.4
65 years and over (%)	11.4	9.0	13.6	11.4	9.0	13.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	132,655	65,385	67,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,190	12,200	11,990	18.2	18.7	17.8
0 to 5 years	7,025	3,515	3,515	5.3	5.4	5.2
18 to 64 years	83,600	41,370	42,230	63.0	63.3	62.8
65 years and over	24,865	11,820	13,040	18.7	18.1	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,785	3,040	2,740	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	915	465	455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	95	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,430	2,370	2,055	...	...	...
65 years and over	445	205	240	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.7	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.7	4.9	5.3	5.7	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	134,495	66,265	68,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,850	29,140	31,710	45.2	44.0	46.5
In bottom decile	12,730	6,215	6,515	9.5	9.4	9.5
In second decile	11,570	5,235	6,330	8.6	7.9	9.3
In third decile	11,810	5,645	6,160	8.8	8.5	9.0
In fourth decile	11,915	5,725	6,190	8.9	8.6	9.1
In fifth decile	12,830	6,315	6,515	9.5	9.5	9.5
In top half of the distribution	73,645	37,130	36,515	54.8	56.0	53.5
In sixth decile	13,440	6,705	6,730	10.0	10.1	9.9
In seventh decile	13,750	6,835	6,915	10.2	10.3	10.1
In eighth decile	14,670	7,410	7,260	10.9	11.2	10.6
In ninth decile	14,835	7,500	7,335	11.0	11.3	10.8
In top decile	16,950	8,675	8,275	12.6	13.1	12.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	134,495	...	...	134,495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.340	...	...	0.340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	135,070	66,565	68,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	124,335	61,775	62,560	92.1	92.8	91.3
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,710	4,335	5,380	7.2	6.5	7.9
Neither English nor French	975	440	535	0.7	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	135,070	66,565	68,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	132,125	65,200	66,925	97.8	97.9	97.7
French	1,745	830	915	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	950	425	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	135,070	66,565	68,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	132,270	65,190	67,080	97.9	97.9	97.9
Official languages	115,405	57,180	58,225	85.4	85.9	85.0
English	113,525	56,290	57,235	84.0	84.6	83.5
French	1,880	885	995	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official languages	16,865	8,005	8,855	12.5	12.0	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,835	7,995	8,840	12.5	12.0	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	285	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	510	275	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	460	255	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	120	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,220	490	730	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	945	375	570	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,870	5,775	6,100	8.8	8.7	8.9
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,105	965	1,140	1.6	1.4	1.7
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,080	955	1,125	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	420	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	615	290	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	315	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	370	165	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,425	1,600	1,825	2.5	2.4	2.7
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,570	1,185	1,385	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	2,470	1,135	1,330	1.8	1.7	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	340	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	470	225	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,100	2,115	1,990	3.0	3.2	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,720	1,910	1,810	2.8	2.9	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	305	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,000	1,510	1,485	2.2	2.3	2.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	380	205	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	345	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	290	155	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,105	1,030	1,075	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	505	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	435	205	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	165	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	995	480	515	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	230	60	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	375	165	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,480	685	795	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese languages	1,465	685	785	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hakka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	915	420	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	475	220	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	415	195	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,795	1,380	1,420	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	505	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,005	995	1,005	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	210	95	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	135,070	66,565	68,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,055	58,425	59,630	87.4	87.8	87.0
French	305	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,750	1,845	1,910	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,745	1,840	1,900	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	1,285	595	695	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	11,045	5,260	5,785	8.2	7.9	8.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	330	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	135,070	66,565	68,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	132,735	65,435	67,300	98.3	98.3	98.2
Official languages	125,240	61,735	63,505	92.7	92.7	92.7
English	124,795	61,530	63,265	92.4	92.4	92.4
French	445	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	7,500	3,705	3,795	5.6	5.6	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,490	3,700	3,790	5.5	5.6	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	615	280	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510	235	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,845	2,430	2,415	3.6	3.7	3.5
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	610	295	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	595	285	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	590	290	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	220	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	425	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,820	1,435	1,385	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,635	1,330	1,300	2.0	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,230	1,120	1,115	1.7	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	775	385	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	425	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	930	470	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	925	470	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	630	320	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,335	1,130	1,200	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,080	1,005	1,075	1.5	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	135,070	66,570	68,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,075	61,370	62,705	91.9	92.2	91.5
English	3,175	1,585	1,595	2.4	2.4	2.3
French	1,045	480	570	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	5,515	2,545	2,970	4.1	3.8	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,480	2,530	2,950	4.1	3.8	4.3
English and French	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	435	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	205	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	565	265	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	134,580	66,310	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	133,595	65,855	67,745	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	133,565	65,840	67,725	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	9,740	4,475	5,265	7.2	6.7	7.7
Non-official languages	23,935	11,355	12,580	17.8	17.1	18.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,860	11,320	12,545	17.7	17.1	18.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	705	390	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	695	380	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	590	320	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,655	650	1,000	1.2	1.0	1.5
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,485	570	920	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,200	8,225	8,975	12.8	12.4	13.1
Albanian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,995	1,405	1,585	2.2	2.1	2.3
Baltic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,990	1,405	1,580	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	655	250	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	1,225	610	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	465	270	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	180	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	555	250	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,880	2,310	2,570	3.6	3.5	3.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,680	1,740	1,940	2.7	2.6	2.8
German	3,635	1,725	1,915	2.7	2.6	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,010	520	490	0.8	0.8	0.7
Afrikaans	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	610	310	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	310	110	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,455	2,775	2,680	4.1	4.2	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935	2,485	2,450	3.7	3.7	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	145	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,630	830	800	1.2	1.3	1.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,890	1,930	1,960	2.9	2.9	2.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	340	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	535	295	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	510	285	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	415	230	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,500	2,020	2,480	3.3	3.0	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	930	415	520	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	615	305	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,015	1,310	1,705	2.2	2.0	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	515	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	535	250	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	305	110	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	260	90	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,780	860	920	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese languages	1,750	850	900	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hakka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,315	665	650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	655	285	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	520	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	385	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,580	66,310	68,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,940	3,735	4,205	5.9	5.6	6.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,600	3,575	4,025	5.6	5.4	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,260	1,535	1,725	2.4	2.3	2.5
Métis	4,305	2,025	2,285	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	126,640	62,575	64,065	94.1	94.4	93.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,580	66,310	68,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,950	910	1,045	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	132,625	65,405	67,225	98.5	98.6	98.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	39,315	...	...	70.5	...	...
Renter	16,425	...	...	29.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,250	...	...	22.0	...	...
Not condominium	43,490	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	625	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	5,805	...	...	10.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,620	...	...	28.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,825	...	...	26.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,865	...	...	33.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,605	...	...	28.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,510	...	...	13.5	...	...
6 rooms	7,105	...	...	12.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,365	...	...	11.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,155	...	...	34.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55,015	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	725	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,795	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,945	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,100	...	...	5.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,280	...	...	25.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,625	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,735	...	...	17.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,750	...	...	8.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,555	...	...	11.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,030	...	...	7.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,670	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,540	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,020	...	...	44.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,895	...	...	48.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,820	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,420	...	...	4.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,620	...	...	13.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,315	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,405	...	...	16.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,275	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,035	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,880	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,795	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,450	...	...	74.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,800	...	...	25.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,060	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,845	...	...	30.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,805	...	...	23.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,495	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,470	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	350	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	625	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,895	...	...	69.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,085	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not in core need	48,420	...	...	92.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,085	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.6	...	...	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,716	...	...	1,716	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000	...	...	755,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.4	...	...	43.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,564	...	...	1,564	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	134,580	66,310	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,910	860	1,050	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,860	860	1,005	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,185	565	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	665	285	375	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,545	3,220	3,325	4.9	4.9	4.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,325	3,085	3,240	4.7	4.7	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,605	1,785	1,815	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,715	1,290	1,420	2.0	1.9	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	125	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	126,120	62,230	63,890	93.7	93.8	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	134,580	66,305	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,795	61,950	63,850	93.5	93.4	93.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,250	11,700	11,550	17.3	17.6	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	102,545	50,250	52,290	76.2	75.8	76.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,780	4,360	4,425	6.5	6.6	6.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	134,580	66,305	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,180	55,495	56,680	83.4	83.7	83.0
Immigrants⁸¹	19,635	9,340	10,295	14.6	14.1	15.1
Before 1980	5,560	2,630	2,930	4.1	4.0	4.3
1980 to 1990	2,075	975	1,100	1.5	1.5	1.6
1991 to 2000	2,810	1,240	1,570	2.1	1.9	2.3
2001 to 2010	3,890	1,915	1,970	2.9	2.9	2.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,305	2,585	2,720	3.9	3.9	4.0
2011 to 2015	2,290	1,085	1,205	1.7	1.6	1.8
2016 to 2021	3,015	1,495	1,520	2.2	2.3	2.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,770	1,475	1,290	2.1	2.2	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,635	9,340	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,210	1,180	1,035	11.3	12.6	10.0
5 to 14 years	3,535	1,810	1,730	18.0	19.4	16.8
15 to 24 years	3,935	1,815	2,120	20.0	19.4	20.6
25 to 44 years	8,265	3,720	4,545	42.1	39.8	44.1
45 years and over	1,685	815	865	8.6	8.7	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,635	9,340	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,675	1,165	1,505	13.6	12.5	14.6
Brazil	135	60	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombia	105	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
El Salvador	90	50	35	0.5	0.5	0.3
Guyana	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haiti	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	285	145	140	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mexico	245	95	150	1.2	1.0	1.5
Peru	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,345	590	760	6.9	6.3	7.4
Other places of birth in Americas	355	145	215	1.8	1.6	2.1
Europe	8,400	4,100	4,295	42.8	43.9	41.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Croatia	160	85	80	0.8	0.9	0.8
France	155	60	95	0.8	0.6	0.9
Germany	1,345	640	705	6.9	6.9	6.8
Greece	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	185	100	80	0.9	1.1	0.8
Italy	335	170	170	1.7	1.8	1.7
Netherlands	425	230	195	2.2	2.5	1.9
Poland	530	195	335	2.7	2.1	3.3
Portugal	130	40	85	0.7	0.4	0.8
Romania	145	65	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian Federation	310	140	170	1.6	1.5	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	280	135	145	1.4	1.4	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,955	1,555	1,400	15.0	16.6	13.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,215	570	645	6.2	6.1	6.3
Africa	890	475	420	4.5	5.1	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	45	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	505	255	250	2.6	2.7	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	285	160	130	1.5	1.7	1.3
Asia	7,160	3,320	3,840	36.5	35.5	37.3
Afghanistan	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	270	145	125	1.4	1.6	1.2
Iraq	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	85	60	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	190	85	100	1.0	0.9	1.0
Turkey	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
China⁹⁰	840	370	475	4.3	4.0	4.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	160	60	100	0.8	0.6	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	340	155	185	1.7	1.7	1.8
Taiwan	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Philippines	1,370	525	840	7.0	5.6	8.2
Viet Nam	285	125	160	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bangladesh	80	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
India	2,370	1,170	1,205	12.1	12.5	11.7
Pakistan	205	100	105	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sri Lanka	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	765	355	415	3.9	3.8	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	520	275	240	2.6	2.9	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,015	1,495	1,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	610	300	305	20.2	20.1	20.1
Brazil	45	20	30	1.5	1.3	2.0
Colombia	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	1.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	145	70	75	4.8	4.7	5.0
Mexico	75	35	40	2.5	2.3	2.6
United States of America	235	125	105	7.8	8.4	6.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	20	1.3	1.0	1.3
Europe	520	275	240	17.2	18.4	15.8
France	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.3
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	0	1.0	1.3	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Russian Federation	40	15	25	1.3	1.0	1.7
Ukraine	75	45	30	2.5	3.0	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	175	110	70	5.8	7.4	4.6
Other places of birth in Europe	145	65	80	4.8	4.3	5.3
Africa	100	55	50	3.3	3.7	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15	1.3	1.7	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	1.2	1.3	1.0
Asia	1,680	805	880	55.7	53.8	58.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
China⁹⁰	200	80	120	6.6	5.4	7.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
India	510	255	255	16.9	17.1	16.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	15	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	95	40	55	3.2	2.7	3.6
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	30	35	2.2	2.0	2.3
Philippines	420	215	205	13.9	14.4	13.5
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	155	70	85	5.1	4.7	5.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	55	20	30	1.8	1.3	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	35	1.8	1.3	2.3
Oceania and other⁹³	100	60	40	3.3	4.0	2.6
Australia	70	40	35	2.3	2.7	2.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	15	10	0.8	1.0	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	134,580	66,310	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,215	11,625	12,590	18.0	17.5	18.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,600	12,660	12,940	19.0	19.1	19.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,765	42,025	42,740	63.0	63.4	62.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,075	6,715	7,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,905	3,965	3,940	56.2	59.0	53.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,140	1,945	1,195	22.3	29.0	16.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,770	2,025	2,745	33.9	30.2	37.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,750	2,045	2,700	33.7	30.5	36.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,360	665	690	9.7	9.9	9.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,075	6,715	7,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	235	155	85	1.7	2.3	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,740	1,245	1,490	19.5	18.5	20.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	615	345	275	4.4	5.1	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	985	490	490	7.0	7.3	6.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	30	65	0.7	0.4	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,405	4,445	4,960	66.8	66.2	67.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	134,580	66,310	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,330	8,345	8,985	12.9	12.6	13.2
South Asian	5,955	2,985	2,965	4.4	4.5	4.3
Chinese	2,355	1,120	1,235	1.7	1.7	1.8
Black	1,515	800	720	1.1	1.2	1.1
Filipino	2,050	870	1,185	1.5	1.3	1.7
Arab	475	265	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	1,090	485	605	0.8	0.7	0.9
Southeast Asian	830	380	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
West Asian	520	285	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	560	265	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,090	460	635	0.8	0.7	0.9
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	585	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	117,250	57,965	59,285	87.1	87.4	86.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	134,580	66,310	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,345	8,725	8,620	12.9	13.2	12.6
English	35,500	17,225	18,275	26.4	26.0	26.8
Irish	21,575	10,120	11,460	16.0	15.3	16.8
Scottish	26,305	12,960	13,335	19.5	19.5	19.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,450	6,070	6,380	9.3	9.2	9.3
German	26,210	12,975	13,235	19.5	19.6	19.4
Chinese	2,595	1,210	1,390	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italian	5,850	2,860	2,990	4.3	4.3	4.4
Indian (India)	3,580	1,790	1,790	2.7	2.7	2.6
Ukrainian	10,895	5,480	5,425	8.1	8.3	7.9
Dutch	6,245	3,190	3,060	4.6	4.8	4.5
Polish	5,865	2,860	3,000	4.4	4.3	4.4
Québécois	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,105	2,945	3,165	4.5	4.4	4.6
Filipino	1,890	810	1,085	1.4	1.2	1.6
French Canadian	1,265	670	595	0.9	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,380	1,260	1,120	1.8	1.9	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,345	1,100	1,240	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	3,625	1,705	1,915	2.7	2.6	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,115	1,440	1,675	2.3	2.2	2.5
Russian	5,235	2,525	2,705	3.9	3.8	4.0
Norwegian	5,065	2,400	2,665	3.8	3.6	3.9
Welsh	3,205	1,475	1,725	2.4	2.2	2.5
Portuguese	965	485	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	2,325	1,190	1,135	1.7	1.8	1.7
Spanish	935	410	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	3,785	1,780	2,015	2.8	2.7	3.0
Hungarian	2,250	1,090	1,150	1.7	1.6	1.7
Acadian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	290	155	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	535	260	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	795	420	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	1,205	580	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
Vietnamese	505	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	635	290	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	390	210	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	360	150	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	710	385	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	585	270	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	1,080	605	480	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanese	355	190	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	355	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	335	155	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	1,770	865	905	1.3	1.3	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	660	340	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	950	490	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austrian	2,000	985	1,010	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	755	340	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	260	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	510	255	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	755	360	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swiss	1,120	580	545	0.8	0.9	0.8
Finnish	965	405	565	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sri Lankan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	810	375	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	1,330	615	715	1.0	0.9	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,175	610	555	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	225	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	890	420	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	925	415	510	0.7	0.6	0.7
Syrian	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	270	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	225	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	305	150	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	415	210	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	310	135	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	445	225	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	675	355	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200	130	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	275	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	185	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	125	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	160	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	530	270	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	134,580	66,310	68,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	655	290	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	52,490	23,785	28,710	39.0	35.9	42.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	14,615	6,880	7,745	10.9	10.4	11.3
Anabaptist	880	420	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Anglican	3,800	1,700	2,105	2.8	2.6	3.1
Baptist	2,510	1,130	1,380	1.9	1.7	2.0
Catholic	15,740	7,110	8,630	11.7	10.7	12.6
Christian Orthodox	825	420	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	1,170	535	635	0.9	0.8	0.9
Latter Day Saints	485	230	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	2,250	985	1,265	1.7	1.5	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,155	530	620	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	685	305	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,690	1,940	2,745	3.5	2.9	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,380	1,480	1,905	2.5	2.2	2.8
Hindu	990	510	480	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	470	260	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	1,285	715	565	1.0	1.1	0.8
Sikh	3,525	1,720	1,800	2.6	2.6	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,280	495	785	1.0	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	73,825	38,490	35,330	54.9	58.0	51.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,590	65,805	67,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	110,710	54,450	56,265	82.9	82.7	83.0
Movers	22,875	11,350	11,525	17.1	17.2	17.0
Non-migrants	13,325	6,540	6,785	10.0	9.9	10.0
Migrants	9,550	4,810	4,740	7.1	7.3	7.0
Internal migrants	8,360	4,155	4,205	6.3	6.3	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,910	2,420	2,480	3.7	3.7	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	3,460	1,735	1,720	2.6	2.6	2.5
External migrants	1,190	655	535	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,795	63,395	65,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,980	32,550	33,430	51.2	51.3	51.1
Movers	62,815	30,840	31,970	48.8	48.6	48.9
Non-migrants	25,945	12,755	13,195	20.1	20.1	20.2
Migrants	36,870	18,090	18,780	28.6	28.5	28.7
Internal migrants	31,650	15,515	16,145	24.6	24.5	24.7
Intraprovincial migrants	20,245	9,860	10,390	15.7	15.6	15.9
Interprovincial migrants	11,410	5,655	5,755	8.9	8.9	8.8
External migrants	5,220	2,580	2,640	4.1	4.1	4.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,570	56,255	58,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,295	9,020	7,275	14.2	16.0	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	98,275	47,235	51,040	85.8	84.0	87.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,425	35,635	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,240	3,885	2,355	8.6	10.9	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,185	31,750	34,435	91.4	89.1	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,570	56,255	58,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,750	7,440	6,310	12.0	13.2	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,320	17,280	18,040	30.8	30.7	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,495	31,535	33,965	57.2	56.1	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,915	19,115	18,800	33.1	34.0	32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,395	7,970	2,420	9.1	14.2	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,740	2,110	1,630	3.3	3.8	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,655	5,865	790	5.8	10.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,805	9,670	14,130	20.8	17.2	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,720	1,475	2,245	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,580	12,415	15,165	24.1	22.1	26.0
Bachelor's degree	17,995	7,795	10,200	15.7	13.9	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,835	805	1,025	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	935	595	345	0.8	1.1	0.6
Master's degree	5,710	2,580	3,125	5.0	4.6	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,110	640	470	1.0	1.1	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,425	35,640	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,985	3,135	1,845	6.9	8.8	5.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,190	9,725	9,460	26.5	27.3	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,245	22,775	25,475	66.6	63.9	69.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,955	13,710	13,245	37.2	38.5	36.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,325	5,695	1,630	10.1	16.0	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,595	1,475	1,120	3.6	4.1	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,730	4,220	510	6.5	11.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,165	6,995	10,175	23.7	19.6	27.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,465	1,025	1,440	3.4	2.9	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,290	9,060	12,230	29.4	25.4	33.2
Bachelor's degree	13,915	5,760	8,150	19.2	16.2	22.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	550	770	1.8	1.5	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	740	450	295	1.0	1.3	0.8
Master's degree	4,465	1,850	2,620	6.2	5.2	7.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	840	450	395	1.2	1.3	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	114,570	56,260	58,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,075	24,725	24,350	42.8	43.9	41.8
Education	4,860	1,170	3,690	4.2	2.1	6.3
13. Education	4,860	1,170	3,690	4.2	2.1	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,050	855	1,195	1.8	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	235	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,720	620	1,100	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	2,970	1,190	1,785	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	65	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	725	275	450	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	285	640	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	395	240	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,185	2,010	4,170	5.4	3.6	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	560	200	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	65	840	0.8	0.1	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,185	360	825	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,455	395	1,065	1.3	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,920	940	975	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	14,110	5,685	8,420	12.3	10.1	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,025	120	910	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,050	5,560	7,490	11.4	9.9	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,750	1,390	1,365	2.4	2.5	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,150	500	650	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	735	345	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	725	525	200	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,060	1,520	540	1.8	2.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,605	1,275	330	1.4	2.3	0.6
25. Library science	105	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	290	180	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	55	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,810	12,745	1,065	12.1	22.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	385	265	115	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,345	1,985	360	2.0	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,950	2,640	310	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,840	3,730	105	3.4	6.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,965	2,880	85	2.6	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,330	1,245	85	1.2	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	790	695	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	955	455	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	540	330	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	11,540	2,410	9,125	10.1	4.3	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	985	460	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,165	1,710	8,450	8.9	3.0	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	365	235	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,655	1,775	1,880	3.2	3.2	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,435	725	1,710	2.1	1.3	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	290	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	790	725	65	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,420	35,635	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,175	12,865	11,310	33.4	36.1	30.7
Education	3,050	655	2,390	4.2	1.8	6.5
13. Education	3,050	655	2,390	4.2	1.8	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	625	930	2.1	1.8	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	155	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,335	470	865	1.8	1.3	2.4
Humanities	2,175	870	1,300	3.0	2.4	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	30	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	590	240	345	0.8	0.7	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635	205	440	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	100	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	280	135	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,785	1,345	3,440	6.6	3.8	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	155	340	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	705	55	650	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	925	200	730	1.3	0.6	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,070	240	830	1.5	0.7	2.3
45. Social sciences	1,465	655	810	2.0	1.8	2.2
Business, management and public administration	10,380	4,020	6,360	14.3	11.3	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	90	730	1.1	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,540	3,930	5,605	13.2	11.0	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,955	955	1,000	2.7	2.7	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	825	375	455	1.1	1.1	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	505	225	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	515	340	170	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,300	390	2.3	3.6	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,385	1,125	265	1.9	3.2	0.7
25. Library science	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	125	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,080	9,225	855	13.9	25.9	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	270	170	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,800	1,485	315	2.5	4.2	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,190	1,925	260	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,880	2,790	95	4.0	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,030	1,990	40	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	910	860	55	1.3	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	550	580	1.6	1.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	690	300	385	1.0	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	250	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	8,735	1,910	6,825	12.1	5.4	18.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735	340	395	1.0	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,685	1,390	6,300	10.6	3.9	17.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	180	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,695	1,315	1,380	3.7	3.7	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,775	530	1,245	2.5	1.5	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	200	85	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	625	570	50	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,420	35,635	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,175	12,865	11,310	33.4	36.1	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,245	22,770	25,475	66.6	63.9	69.3
Location of study inside Canada	41,270	19,560	21,715	57.0	54.9	59.0
Same as province or territory of residence	28,460	13,210	15,260	39.3	37.1	41.5
Different than province or territory of residence	12,810	6,350	6,455	17.7	17.8	17.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,975	3,215	3,760	9.6	9.0	10.2
Americas	1,950	925	1,030	2.7	2.6	2.8
United States of America	1,480	725	765	2.0	2.0	2.1
Mexico	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,885	920	965	2.6	2.6	2.6
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	215	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835	425	405	1.2	1.2	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	175	60	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	315	155	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	2,470	1,040	1,435	3.4	2.9	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	250	100	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	70	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	770	300	465	1.1	0.8	1.3
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	730	335	390	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistan	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	135	55	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	355	180	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	300	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	114,570	56,255	58,315	...	...	...
In the labour force	76,190	39,405	36,780	...	...	...
Employed	70,195	36,315	33,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,990	3,090	2,900	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,380	16,855	21,530	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.5	70.0	63.1	66.5	70.0	63.1
Employment rate	61.3	64.6	58.1	61.3	64.6	58.1
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.8	7.9	7.9	7.8	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	114,570	56,260	58,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,715	17,050	21,670	33.8	30.3	37.2
Worked	75,850	39,210	36,640	66.2	69.7	62.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,035	21,730	16,305	33.2	38.6	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,815	17,475	20,335	33.0	31.1	34.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.8	40.1	41.0	41.8	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	76,185	39,405	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	650	615	1.7	1.6	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	74,925	38,755	36,170	98.3	98.4	98.3
Employee	60,090	29,840	30,245	78.9	75.7	82.2
Permanent position	49,715	25,070	24,645	65.3	63.6	67.0
Temporary position	10,375	4,770	5,605	13.6	12.1	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,475	1,160	1,315	3.2	2.9	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,900	3,615	4,290	10.4	9.2	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,835	8,915	5,920	19.5	22.6	16.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	76,185	39,405	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	650	615	1.7	1.6	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	74,925	38,755	36,170	98.3	98.4	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	980	740	240	1.3	1.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,260	3,475	8,780	16.1	8.8	23.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,065	3,930	1,140	6.6	10.0	3.1
3 Health occupations	6,870	1,440	5,425	9.0	3.7	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,025	2,710	5,310	10.5	6.9	14.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,355	940	1,420	3.1	2.4	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	20,280	9,075	11,205	26.6	23.0	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,320	13,115	1,200	18.8	33.3	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,375	1,685	690	3.1	4.3	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,385	1,630	755	3.1	4.1	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	76,185	39,405	36,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	650	615	1.7	1.6	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	74,925	38,755	36,170	98.3	98.4	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,605	960	645	2.1	2.4	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	810	720	90	1.1	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	425	300	120	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	8,890	7,650	1,235	11.7	19.4	3.4
31-33 Manufacturing	3,745	2,495	1,250	4.9	6.3	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,265	1,475	790	3.0	3.7	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	9,355	4,490	4,860	12.3	11.4	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,130	2,385	750	4.1	6.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,410	900	515	1.9	2.3	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,405	975	1,435	3.2	2.5	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,750	960	785	2.3	2.4	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,175	3,330	2,840	8.1	8.5	7.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,420	1,980	1,440	4.5	5.0	3.9
61 Educational services	5,565	1,925	3,635	7.3	4.9	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	10,595	2,160	8,440	13.9	5.5	22.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,890	965	920	2.5	2.4	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	5,625	2,425	3,200	7.4	6.2	8.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,320	1,380	1,935	4.4	3.5	5.3
91 Public administration	2,435	1,205	1,230	3.2	3.1	3.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	81,865	42,120	39,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,555	40,990	38,565	97.2	97.3	97.0
French	100	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	330	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	625	245	385	0.8	0.6	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,195	670	520	1.5	1.6	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	81,865	42,120	39,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,600	41,965	39,640	99.7	99.6	99.7
Official languages	81,060	41,665	39,395	99.0	98.9	99.1
English	80,865	41,645	39,220	98.8	98.9	98.7
French	190	20	170	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	545	300	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	545	300	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	350	205	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	130	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	205	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	265	155	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	170	110	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	81,865	42,120	39,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,230	41,325	38,905	98.0	98.1	97.9
English	300	120	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	465	195	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	755	425	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	755	425	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,200	36,315	33,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,240	6,875	7,365	20.3	18.9	21.7
Worked outside Canada	185	120	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	11,080	8,315	2,765	15.8	22.9	8.2
Usual place of work	44,690	21,000	23,695	63.7	57.8	69.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	44,690	21,000	23,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	35,185	16,005	19,190	78.7	76.2	81.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,055	3,495	3,565	15.8	16.6	15.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,890	1,105	780	4.2	5.3	3.3
Commute to a different province or territory	555	395	160	1.2	1.9	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	55,775	29,320	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	48,860	25,930	22,930	87.6	88.4	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,640	24,670	20,975	81.8	84.1	79.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,220	1,265	1,955	5.8	4.3	7.4
Public transit	1,735	655	1,080	3.1	2.2	4.1
Walked	2,535	1,185	1,355	4.5	4.0	5.1
Bicycle	1,080	630	450	1.9	2.1	1.7
Other method	1,555	915	640	2.8	3.1	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	55,775	29,320	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,195	10,380	10,815	38.0	35.4	40.9
15 to 29 minutes	24,440	12,785	11,660	43.8	43.6	44.1
30 to 44 minutes	6,775	4,045	2,725	12.1	13.8	10.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,475	765	715	2.6	2.6	2.7
60 minutes and over	1,875	1,345	530	3.4	4.6	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	55,775	29,320	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,220	2,300	920	5.8	7.8	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,850	6,710	3,145	17.7	22.9	11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,945	8,025	6,915	26.8	27.4	26.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,560	5,460	7,095	22.5	18.6	26.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,580	2,975	4,610	13.6	10.1	17.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,610	3,850	3,765	13.6	13.1	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,915	12,545	12,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,625	840	785	6.5	6.7	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,285	11,700	11,585	93.5	93.3	93.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,715	9,430	9,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,255	660	595	6.7	7.0	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	290	265	2.9	3.1	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700	370	330	3.7	3.9	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,460	8,765	8,695	93.3	92.9	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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