Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops--Thompson--CaribooMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	135,492	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,358	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,524	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,697	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	37,623.21	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	135,495	67,340	68,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,530	9,985	9,545	14.4	14.8	14.0
0 to 4 years	5,850	2,980	2,875	4.3	4.4	4.2
5 to 9 years	6,680	3,365	3,310	4.9	5.0	4.9
10 to 14 years	7,000	3,640	3,360	5.2	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	85,320	42,700	42,620	63.0	63.4	62.5
15 to 19 years	6,725	3,535	3,190	5.0	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	7,605	3,990	3,615	5.6	5.9	5.3
25 to 29 years	8,415	4,370	4,045	6.2	6.5	5.9
30 to 34 years	8,695	4,430	4,265	6.4	6.6	6.3
35 to 39 years	8,730	4,340	4,390	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	7,685	3,855	3,820	5.7	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	7,730	3,790	3,935	5.7	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	8,555	4,120	4,430	6.3	6.1	6.5
55 to 59 years	10,150	4,905	5,245	7.5	7.3	7.7
60 to 64 years	11,035	5,350	5,680	8.1	7.9	8.3
65 years and over	30,635	14,660	15,980	22.6	21.8	23.4
65 to 69 years	9,785	4,860	4,925	7.2	7.2	7.2
70 to 74 years	8,250	4,065	4,185	6.1	6.0	6.1
75 to 79 years	5,490	2,625	2,865	4.1	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	3,690	1,735	1,955	2.7	2.6	2.9
85 years and over	3,435	1,375	2,055	2.5	2.0	3.0
85 to 89 years	2,170	930	1,250	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	960	375	590	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	260	70	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	14.8	14.0	14.4	14.8	14.0
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.4	62.5	63.0	63.4	62.5
65 years and over	22.6	21.8	23.4	22.6	21.8	23.4
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	3.0	2.5	2.0	3.0
Average age of the population	44.2	43.4	45.0	44.2	43.4	45.0
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.8	45.2	44.0	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,340	...	...	58.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,470	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	4,325	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,125	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,350	...	...	13.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	865	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,105	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,095	...	...	28.4	...	...
2 persons	22,450	...	...	39.6	...	...
3 persons	7,855	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	6,595	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,700	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	131,385	65,395	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	115,960	57,360	58,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,920	33,890	34,030	58.6	59.1	58.1
Married	53,310	26,600	26,715	46.0	46.4	45.6
Living common-law	14,605	7,290	7,315	12.6	12.7	12.5
Living common law - Never married	9,955	5,005	4,945	8.6	8.7	8.4
Living common law - Separated	765	395	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,460	1,720	1,745	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	425	170	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	48,035	23,470	24,570	41.4	40.9	41.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,555	16,665	12,895	25.5	29.1	22.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,515	1,590	1,925	3.0	2.8	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,265	3,620	4,645	7.1	6.3	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,705	1,590	5,110	5.8	2.8	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,275	...	...	60.2	...	...
3 persons	7,065	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	6,090	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,250	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,000	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	25,700	...	...	66.4	...	...
With children⁶	10,915	...	...	28.2	...	...
Without children	14,785	...	...	38.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,295	...	...	18.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,455	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	4,845	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,680	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,305	...	...	11.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,380	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,385	65,400	65,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	104,030	51,650	52,380	79.2	79.0	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,000	32,950	33,050	50.2	50.4	50.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,685	1,380	4,300	4.3	2.1	6.5
Children⁶	32,350	17,320	15,025	24.6	26.5	22.8
In a two-parent family	23,925	12,650	11,280	18.2	19.3	17.1
In a one-parent family	8,420	4,665	3,750	6.4	7.1	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,350	13,745	13,610	20.8	21.0	20.6
Living alone	16,095	7,775	8,320	12.3	11.9	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	3,175	1,370	1,805	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	8,080	4,600	3,485	6.1	7.0	5.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,340	...	...	58.8	...	...
Couple-family households	29,100	...	...	51.3	...	...
With children⁶	11,665	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	17,430	...	...	30.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,240	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,345	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	445	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,390	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,075	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	16,095	...	...	28.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	111,915	55,450	56,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,940	53,980	54,955	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	35,200	40,800	48,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,000	54,015	54,980	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	32,800	37,600	44,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,820	48,915	47,910	86.5	88.2	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	27,000	34,800	44,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,160	38,920	36,240	67.2	70.2	64.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	30,400	37,600	47,200	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,145	42,735	48,405	81.4	77.1	85.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	11,100	11,400	11,300	11,100	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,280	5,765	5,515	10.1	10.4	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,405	12,895	13,510	23.6	23.3	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,935	53,885	55,050	97.3	97.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,250	42,720	51,900	61,250	42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,965	53,900	55,065	97.4	97.2	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	51,400	37,720	44,480	51,400	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,615	48,375	48,240	86.3	87.3	85.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	57,900	36,720	47,320	57,900	36,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,165	38,720	36,445	67.2	69.8	64.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,080	57,900	37,640	48,080	57,900	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,975	42,645	48,325	81.3	76.9	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,890	11,710	12,040	11,890	11,710	12,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,510	5,820	5,685	10.3	10.5	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,680	6,450	6,920	6,680	6,450	6,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,735	12,975	13,760	23.9	23.4	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,650	8,390	8,900	8,650	8,390	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,255	18,690	14,570	29.7	33.7	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	74,000	54,800	64,000	74,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,200	81,700	59,900	72,200	81,700	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,420	14,705	16,710	28.1	26.5	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,200	17,600	20,800	26,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	41,320	25,240	32,760	41,320	25,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	84.8	75.2	80.8	84.8	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.0	68.0	58.3	64.0	68.0	58.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.1	15.1	24.7	19.1	15.1	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.1	6.8	5.2	4.1	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.2	4.1	3.3	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	111,915	55,450	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,970	1,465	1,505	2.7	2.6	2.7
With total income	108,940	53,985	54,960	97.3	97.4	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,050	3,675	5,375	8.3	6.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	13,095	5,105	7,985	12.0	9.5	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	16,885	7,175	9,710	15.5	13.3	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,200	6,120	8,080	13.0	11.3	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,145	5,470	6,680	11.1	10.1	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,075	4,845	5,235	9.2	9.0	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,735	4,275	3,455	7.1	7.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,795	3,465	2,330	5.3	6.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,660	2,900	1,760	4.3	5.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,590	2,275	1,320	3.3	4.2	2.4
$100,000 and over	11,700	8,680	3,020	10.7	16.1	5.5
$100,000 to $149,999	8,370	6,035	2,335	7.7	11.2	4.2
$150,000 and over	3,330	2,645	690	3.1	4.9	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	111,915	55,450	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,915	1,430	1,480	2.6	2.6	2.6
With after-tax income	108,995	54,020	54,980	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,485	3,815	5,665	8.7	7.1	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,510	5,275	8,230	12.4	9.8	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	18,920	8,040	10,885	17.4	14.9	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	16,425	7,250	9,170	15.1	13.4	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	13,730	6,430	7,300	12.6	11.9	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,615	5,675	4,940	9.7	10.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,610	4,590	3,025	7.0	8.5	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,675	3,555	2,115	5.2	6.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,100	2,670	1,435	3.8	4.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,845	2,010	835	2.6	3.7	1.5
$100,000 and over	6,090	4,705	1,380	5.6	8.7	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,475	2,680	795	3.2	5.0	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,615	2,025	585	2.4	3.7	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	111,915	55,450	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,755	16,530	20,225	32.8	29.8	35.8
With employment income	75,155	38,920	36,235	67.2	70.2	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,865	5,185	5,685	14.5	13.3	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,655	2,440	3,215	7.5	6.3	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,830	3,775	5,055	11.7	9.7	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,080	3,110	3,970	9.4	8.0	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,715	2,875	3,845	8.9	7.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,340	2,810	3,530	8.4	7.2	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,810	2,740	3,065	7.7	7.0	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,745	2,685	2,060	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,915	2,365	1,550	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,480	2,200	1,280	4.6	5.7	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,835	1,845	990	3.8	4.7	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,885	6,895	1,985	11.8	17.7	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,470	3,240	1,230	5.9	8.3	3.4
$125,000 and over	4,420	3,660	760	5.9	9.4	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	111,915	55,450	56,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,330	52,630	53,700	95.0	94.9	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,800	32,000	39,200	48,800	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,595	52,665	53,935	95.2	95.0	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	29,400	35,200	43,200	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,290	48,510	47,780	86.0	87.5	84.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	46,000	28,000	35,600	46,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,655	40,535	38,120	70.3	73.1	67.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	47,200	29,400	36,400	47,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,895	33,180	41,715	66.9	59.8	73.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,300	8,300	8,800	9,300	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,350	4,855	4,495	8.4	8.8	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,440	5,640	5,560	5,440	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,200	52,525	53,675	94.9	94.7	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,120	60,550	39,920	50,120	60,550	39,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,425	52,555	53,870	95.1	94.8	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,240	34,720	42,400	50,240	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,985	48,080	47,900	85.8	86.7	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,920	59,250	36,520	47,920	59,250	36,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,460	40,315	38,150	70.1	72.7	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	57,100	35,880	46,800	57,100	35,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,720	32,950	41,770	66.8	59.4	73.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,680	10,040	9,400	9,680	10,040	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,480	4,955	4,525	8.5	8.9	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,500	7,670	7,060	6,500	7,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,960	18,475	14,485	29.4	33.3	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,500	50,400	60,800	71,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,300	78,700	54,900	68,300	78,700	54,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,630	13,940	15,690	26.5	25.1	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	34,400	22,400	26,800	34,400	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,520	48,960	29,240	38,520	48,960	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.6	81.6	86.4	89.6	81.6
Employment income (%)	69.0	72.4	63.9	69.0	72.4	63.9
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.4	18.3	13.6	10.4	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	40,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,880	...	...	50,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,920	...	...	43,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	40,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	575	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,335	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,310	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,870	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,835	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,315	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,250	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,140	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,440	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,060	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,745	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,555	...	...	39.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,615	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,075	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,065	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,800	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	640	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	515	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,370	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,425	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,070	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,235	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,605	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,485	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,520	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,010	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,665	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,260	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,865	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,475	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,300	...	...	32.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,935	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,630	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,740	...	...	11.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,180	12,375	11,805	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,000	32,800	34,400	36,000	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,100	...	...	103,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,800	...	...	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,100	...	...	77,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,235	12,305	11,925	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,600	49,200	43,920	46,600	49,200	43,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,560	42,240	38,800	40,560	42,240	38,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,380	65,395	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,465	12,040	11,420	17.9	18.4	17.3
0 to 5 years	7,145	3,635	3,510	5.4	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	79,605	39,510	40,090	60.6	60.4	60.8
65 years and over	28,325	13,845	14,480	21.6	21.2	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,170	6,240	6,920	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,365	1,250	1,110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	720	380	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,090	3,425	3,660	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,715	1,560	2,155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.6	10.5	10.0	9.6	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.4	9.7	10.1	10.4	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.1	10.4	9.8	10.1	10.4	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.7	9.1	8.9	8.7	9.1
65 years and over (%)	13.1	11.3	14.9	13.1	11.3	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	126,995	63,240	63,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,830	11,705	11,125	18.0	18.5	17.4
0 to 5 years	6,960	3,535	3,430	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	77,040	38,265	38,775	60.7	60.5	60.8
65 years and over	27,120	13,265	13,855	21.4	21.0	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,715	2,495	2,220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	680	365	315	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	95	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,690	1,980	1,710	...	...	...
65 years and over	340	150	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.2	4.4	4.8	5.2	4.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,385	65,395	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,625	30,845	32,780	48.4	47.2	49.7
In bottom decile	13,130	6,460	6,670	10.0	9.9	10.1
In second decile	12,530	5,830	6,700	9.5	8.9	10.2
In third decile	12,770	6,160	6,610	9.7	9.4	10.0
In fourth decile	12,415	6,060	6,360	9.4	9.3	9.6
In fifth decile	12,780	6,340	6,445	9.7	9.7	9.8
In top half of the distribution	67,760	34,550	33,210	51.6	52.8	50.3
In sixth decile	13,080	6,550	6,530	10.0	10.0	9.9
In seventh decile	13,550	6,870	6,685	10.3	10.5	10.1
In eighth decile	13,820	6,970	6,850	10.5	10.7	10.4
In ninth decile	14,900	7,695	7,205	11.3	11.8	10.9
In top decile	12,410	6,470	5,935	9.4	9.9	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,385	...	...	131,385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	133,465	66,415	67,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	126,190	63,165	63,025	94.5	95.1	94.0
French only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,750	3,020	3,725	5.1	4.5	5.6
Neither English nor French	500	215	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	133,465	66,415	67,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	131,710	65,560	66,150	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	1,140	590	545	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	460	190	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	133,465	66,415	67,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	131,275	65,380	65,900	98.4	98.4	98.3
Official languages	120,010	59,915	60,100	89.9	90.2	89.6
English	118,725	59,265	59,460	89.0	89.2	88.7
French	1,290	650	635	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	11,265	5,465	5,800	8.4	8.2	8.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,120	5,390	5,725	8.3	8.1	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	675	245	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	525	185	335	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	120	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,010	4,005	4,000	6.0	6.0	6.0
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,065	480	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,050	475	580	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	265	100	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,365	1,135	1,230	1.8	1.7	1.8
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,670	800	870	1.3	1.2	1.3
German	1,525	725	805	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	515	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	375	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,800	1,540	1,260	2.1	2.3	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,680	1,475	1,205	2.0	2.2	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	125	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	385	245	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,825	940	890	1.4	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,690	795	895	1.3	1.2	1.3
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	835	420	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	505	215	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	205	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	920	435	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	910	435	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	545	240	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	310	165	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,190	1,030	1,155	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	410	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,605	765	840	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	133,465	66,415	67,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	122,200	60,970	61,225	91.6	91.8	91.3
French	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,185	1,090	1,100	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,165	1,075	1,090	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	895	405	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	7,675	3,685	3,985	5.8	5.5	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	133,465	66,415	67,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	131,965	65,700	66,265	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	127,360	63,390	63,975	95.4	95.4	95.4
English	127,130	63,255	63,875	95.3	95.2	95.3
French	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-official languages	4,600	2,310	2,290	3.4	3.5	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,570	2,295	2,275	3.4	3.5	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,070	1,555	1,515	2.3	2.3	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	505	220	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	380	165	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	325	140	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	985	810	1.3	1.5	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,745	955	785	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	225	155	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,270	660	615	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	500	225	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	190	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	550	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	550	265	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	345	160	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,500	715	785	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	645	690	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	133,465	66,415	67,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	125,745	62,705	63,035	94.2	94.4	94.0
English	2,050	1,030	1,020	1.5	1.6	1.5
French	710	310	400	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	4,045	1,915	2,135	3.0	2.9	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,840	1,815	2,030	2.9	2.7	3.0
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	470	230	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	130,955	65,195	65,760	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	130,955	65,195	65,760	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	6,725	2,900	3,830	5.1	4.4	5.8
Non-official languages	16,155	7,920	8,235	12.3	12.1	12.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	625	300	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	340	150	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,545	7,630	7,915	11.8	11.7	12.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	310	170	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	295	165	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	915	355	555	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	800	300	500	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	310	165	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,340	5,655	5,685	8.6	8.6	8.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150	485	660	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,140	485	660	0.9	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	375	125	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	210	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,175	1,460	1,710	2.4	2.2	2.6
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,315	1,050	1,265	1.8	1.6	1.9
German	2,245	1,010	1,235	1.7	1.5	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	760	360	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	470	210	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,840	2,160	1,675	2.9	3.3	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,690	2,065	1,625	2.8	3.2	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,555	845	710	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,510	1,385	1,125	1.9	2.1	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	345	205	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	115	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,420	1,630	1,790	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,135	555	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	380	165	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,885	890	1,000	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	565	235	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	290	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	165	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,055	565	495	0.8	0.9	0.8
Chinese languages	1,035	545	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	740	375	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	350	200	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	355	160	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,565	7,050	7,520	11.1	10.8	11.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,970	6,790	7,175	10.6	10.4	10.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,380	4,070	4,310	6.4	6.2	6.5
Métis	5,545	2,690	2,850	4.2	4.1	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	220	85	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	116,860	58,380	58,480	88.9	89.2	88.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,300	2,990	3,305	4.8	4.6	5.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	125,135	62,435	62,695	95.2	95.4	95.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	42,160	...	...	74.3	...	...
Renter	14,375	...	...	25.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,900	...	...	13.9	...	...
Not condominium	48,825	...	...	86.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	560	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	6,245	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,110	...	...	24.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,475	...	...	30.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,335	...	...	32.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,445	...	...	25.5	...	...
5 rooms	8,295	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	7,805	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,825	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,360	...	...	34.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	56,115	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	610	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	54,900	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,825	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,590	...	...	9.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,445	...	...	37.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,250	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,105	...	...	16.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,670	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,325	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,220	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,110	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,260	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,470	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,990	...	...	49.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,775	...	...	45.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,960	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,795	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,315	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,615	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,010	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,990	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,850	...	...	19.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,525	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,630	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,370	...	...	82.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,755	...	...	18.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,840	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,940	...	...	24.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,855	...	...	15.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,400	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,595	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	655	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,790	...	...	75.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,665	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not in core need	47,545	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,090	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.8	...	...	56.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	537,500	...	...	537,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,150	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,213	...	...	1,213	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	302	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	428	...	...	428	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,045	2,480	2,565	3.8	3.8	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,950	2,445	2,500	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,910	1,875	2,035	3.0	2.9	3.1
Métis single ancestry	1,020	555	460	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,520	5,080	5,445	8.0	7.8	8.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,050	4,860	5,185	7.6	7.4	7.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,535	3,225	3,305	5.0	4.9	5.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,465	1,600	1,865	2.6	2.4	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	475	215	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	455	200	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	115,855	57,865	57,990	88.2	88.4	87.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,430	65,430	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,040	62,160	62,885	95.1	95.0	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,085	11,840	11,245	17.6	18.1	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	101,955	50,320	51,640	77.6	76.9	78.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,385	3,270	3,115	4.9	5.0	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,430	65,430	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	115,875	57,680	58,190	88.2	88.2	88.2
Immigrants⁸¹	12,705	6,170	6,535	9.7	9.4	9.9
Before 1980	5,175	2,540	2,635	3.9	3.9	4.0
1980 to 1990	1,465	695	770	1.1	1.1	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,455	680	775	1.1	1.0	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,865	850	1,015	1.4	1.3	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,740	1,400	1,340	2.1	2.1	2.0
2011 to 2015	1,155	585	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	1,585	820	770	1.2	1.3	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,850	1,575	1,275	2.2	2.4	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,705	6,170	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,610	835	780	12.7	13.5	11.9
5 to 14 years	2,405	1,265	1,140	18.9	20.5	17.4
15 to 24 years	2,750	1,290	1,465	21.6	20.9	22.4
25 to 44 years	5,040	2,400	2,645	39.7	38.9	40.5
45 years and over	895	385	505	7.0	6.2	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,705	6,170	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,805	805	1,000	14.2	13.0	15.3
Brazil	50	15	35	0.4	0.2	0.5
Colombia	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	115	60	60	0.9	1.0	0.9
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	1,265	560	705	10.0	9.1	10.8
Other places of birth in Americas	215	105	110	1.7	1.7	1.7
Europe	6,055	3,015	3,045	47.7	48.9	46.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatia	115	65	50	0.9	1.1	0.8
France	75	40	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
Germany	935	455	480	7.4	7.4	7.3
Greece	20	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	100	65	30	0.8	1.1	0.5
Italy	570	285	290	4.5	4.6	4.4
Netherlands	370	185	185	2.9	3.0	2.8
Poland	170	100	70	1.3	1.6	1.1
Portugal	145	60	80	1.1	1.0	1.2
Romania	105	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
Russian Federation	80	30	50	0.6	0.5	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	60	15	50	0.5	0.2	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,300	1,145	1,150	18.1	18.6	17.6
Other places of birth in Europe	935	470	465	7.4	7.6	7.1
Africa	675	390	285	5.3	6.3	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	105	65	35	0.8	1.1	0.5
Somalia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	330	195	140	2.6	3.2	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	195	100	90	1.5	1.6	1.4
Asia	3,785	1,775	2,010	29.8	28.8	30.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	55	30	0.6	0.9	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	365	190	175	2.9	3.1	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	20	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	145	70	70	1.1	1.1	1.1
Taiwan	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	810	310	505	6.4	5.0	7.7
Viet Nam	100	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
Bangladesh	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	1,400	715	690	11.0	11.6	10.6
Pakistan	190	80	105	1.5	1.3	1.6
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	180	275	3.6	2.9	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	380	180	195	3.0	2.9	3.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,585	815	770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	135	70	65	8.5	8.6	8.4
Brazil	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.3
Colombia	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	0	1.9	2.5	0.0
United States of America	60	30	30	3.8	3.7	3.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Europe	245	130	120	15.5	16.0	15.6
France	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Germany	30	15	15	1.9	1.8	1.9
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Ukraine	20	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	55	7.6	8.0	7.1
Other places of birth in Europe	50	30	25	3.2	3.7	3.2
Africa	225	125	105	14.2	15.3	13.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	45	10	3.8	5.5	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	55	6.6	6.1	7.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	3.2	2.5	3.9
Asia	905	455	455	57.1	55.8	59.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15	3.2	4.3	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	345	195	150	21.8	23.9	19.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	1.9	1.8	1.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	2.5	2.5	2.6
Philippines	300	125	180	18.9	15.3	23.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	1.9	2.5	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	10	40	3.2	1.2	5.2
Oceania and other⁹³	65	40	30	4.1	4.9	3.9
Australia	55	35	20	3.5	4.3	2.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,640	8,260	8,380	12.7	12.6	12.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,515	10,590	10,925	16.4	16.2	16.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	93,270	46,570	46,700	71.0	71.2	70.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,525	3,625	3,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,090	2,170	1,920	54.4	59.9	49.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,820	1,065	755	24.2	29.4	19.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,275	1,105	1,170	30.2	30.5	30.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,795	1,100	1,700	37.1	30.3	43.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	555	300	260	7.4	8.3	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	55	25	1.0	1.5	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,525	3,625	3,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	130	90	40	1.7	2.5	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,435	695	740	19.1	19.2	19.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	340	170	175	4.5	4.7	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	650	315	340	8.6	8.7	8.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	30	35	0.8	0.8	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,900	2,335	2,565	65.1	64.4	65.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,495	5,755	5,735	8.7	8.8	8.7
South Asian	4,655	2,545	2,110	3.5	3.9	3.2
Chinese	1,440	740	700	1.1	1.1	1.1
Black	1,180	570	610	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	1,195	480	720	0.9	0.7	1.1
Arab	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	540	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	405	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	295	165	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	995	435	560	0.8	0.7	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	310	135	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	119,930	59,670	60,260	91.3	91.2	91.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,430	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,750	9,130	8,615	13.5	14.0	13.1
English	38,545	18,555	19,990	29.3	28.4	30.3
Irish	23,480	11,330	12,155	17.9	17.3	18.4
Scottish	29,925	14,370	15,550	22.8	22.0	23.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,325	5,870	6,455	9.4	9.0	9.8
German	22,075	10,975	11,100	16.8	16.8	16.8
Chinese	1,620	810	810	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	6,305	3,200	3,100	4.8	4.9	4.7
Indian (India)	2,825	1,535	1,290	2.1	2.3	2.0
Ukrainian	8,875	4,405	4,470	6.8	6.7	6.8
Dutch	6,820	3,465	3,355	5.2	5.3	5.1
Polish	4,640	2,150	2,495	3.5	3.3	3.8
Québécois	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,355	2,670	2,680	4.1	4.1	4.1
Filipino	1,235	500	740	0.9	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	1,390	670	710	1.1	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,805	1,520	1,290	2.1	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,465	2,645	2,815	4.2	4.0	4.3
Métis	5,050	2,405	2,645	3.8	3.7	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,470	1,660	1,815	2.6	2.5	2.8
Russian	3,770	1,740	2,030	2.9	2.7	3.1
Norwegian	5,755	2,790	2,965	4.4	4.3	4.5
Welsh	3,610	1,710	1,895	2.7	2.6	2.9
Portuguese	750	340	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	2,525	1,285	1,240	1.9	2.0	1.9
Spanish	940	395	545	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	4,665	2,255	2,410	3.5	3.4	3.7
Hungarian	2,045	995	1,055	1.6	1.5	1.6
Acadian	225	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	505	185	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jewish	445	195	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	590	315	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	455	220	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	190	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,390	635	750	1.1	1.0	1.1
Korean	300	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	975	455	520	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,990	950	1,040	1.5	1.5	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,140	615	525	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sikh	680	390	290	0.5	0.6	0.4
Austrian	1,785	930	855	1.4	1.4	1.3
Belgian	660	315	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	190	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexican	495	290	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	380	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	1,215	660	555	0.9	1.0	0.8
Finnish	1,380	655	720	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	610	290	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Japanese	1,165	510	660	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	165	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,255	550	700	1.0	0.8	1.1
Muslim	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	885	445	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	600	305	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	305	165	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	190	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	50	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	380	210	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	370	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	435	240	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	245	95	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	210	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	885	400	485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,425	65,425	66,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	530	220	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	44,180	19,950	24,225	33.6	30.5	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,570	4,970	5,605	8.0	7.6	8.5
Anabaptist	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	4,340	1,790	2,550	3.3	2.7	3.9
Baptist	1,700	720	980	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	13,725	6,575	7,145	10.4	10.0	10.8
Christian Orthodox	530	245	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,010	475	540	0.8	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	460	190	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,915	775	1,145	1.5	1.2	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,160	565	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	675	280	390	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	145	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,800	1,880	2,915	3.7	2.9	4.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,775	1,235	1,535	2.1	1.9	2.3
Hindu	1,030	560	470	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jewish	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	940	520	425	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	2,260	1,260	1,000	1.7	1.9	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	420	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,395	530	865	1.1	0.8	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	80,575	42,125	38,455	61.3	64.4	58.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	130,320	64,870	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	111,965	55,860	56,100	85.9	86.1	85.7
Movers	18,355	9,010	9,350	14.1	13.9	14.3
Non-migrants	10,870	5,225	5,640	8.3	8.1	8.6
Migrants	7,490	3,785	3,705	5.7	5.8	5.7
Internal migrants	6,875	3,500	3,375	5.3	5.4	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,265	2,725	2,540	4.0	4.2	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,615	780	835	1.2	1.2	1.3
External migrants	615	285	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	125,605	62,405	63,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,870	34,175	34,695	54.8	54.8	54.9
Movers	56,740	28,235	28,505	45.2	45.2	45.1
Non-migrants	23,175	11,500	11,675	18.5	18.4	18.5
Migrants	33,570	16,735	16,830	26.7	26.8	26.6
Internal migrants	30,005	14,870	15,135	23.9	23.8	23.9
Intraprovincial migrants	24,315	12,000	12,315	19.4	19.2	19.5
Interprovincial migrants	5,690	2,870	2,825	4.5	4.6	4.5
External migrants	3,565	1,860	1,700	2.8	3.0	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,635	10,945	8,695	17.5	19.7	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,295	44,495	47,795	82.5	80.3	84.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,555	34,345	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,540	4,410	3,130	10.8	12.8	8.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,015	29,935	32,080	89.2	87.2	91.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,550	8,905	7,645	14.8	16.1	13.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,605	18,630	18,980	33.6	33.6	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,770	27,900	29,870	51.6	50.3	52.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,865	19,475	18,390	33.8	35.1	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,790	10,190	2,600	11.4	18.4	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,645	2,830	1,820	4.1	5.1	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,145	7,360	785	7.3	13.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,985	7,460	12,525	17.9	13.5	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,090	1,825	3,260	4.5	3.3	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,905	8,425	11,480	17.8	15.2	20.3
Bachelor's degree	13,165	5,500	7,665	11.8	9.9	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,600	640	960	1.4	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	615	370	255	0.5	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,965	1,625	2,340	3.5	2.9	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	550	290	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,555	34,345	35,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,055	3,495	2,565	8.7	10.2	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,715	11,235	10,480	31.2	32.7	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,775	19,615	22,160	60.1	57.1	62.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,275	13,365	12,915	37.8	38.9	36.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,515	6,825	1,690	12.2	19.9	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,015	1,825	1,190	4.3	5.3	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,505	4,995	505	7.9	14.5	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,060	5,175	8,880	20.2	15.1	25.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,705	1,365	2,340	5.3	4.0	6.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,500	6,255	9,250	22.3	18.2	26.3
Bachelor's degree	10,420	4,235	6,180	15.0	12.3	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,205	465	740	1.7	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	445	230	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	3,035	1,140	1,895	4.4	3.3	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	180	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	54,155	27,540	26,620	48.4	49.7	47.1
Education	4,545	1,165	3,380	4.1	2.1	6.0
13. Education	4,545	1,165	3,380	4.1	2.1	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,255	575	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	100	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,125	475	650	1.0	0.9	1.2
Humanities	2,045	795	1,245	1.8	1.4	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	515	140	375	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	220	445	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,585	1,410	3,170	4.1	2.5	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,050	70	985	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	930	280	650	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	775	225	550	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,315	645	670	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	10,870	3,835	7,035	9.7	6.9	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,430	230	1,200	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,430	3,605	5,825	8.4	6.5	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,005	985	1,020	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	900	375	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	480	205	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	445	330	110	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,415	845	570	1.3	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,165	765	405	1.0	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	115	0	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,020	13,035	985	12.5	23.5	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,465	1,220	250	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,510	2,200	310	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,030	3,895	140	3.6	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,060	3,885	170	3.6	7.0	0.3
48. Precision production	1,785	1,730	55	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,585	1,535	1,055	2.3	2.8	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	445	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,590	1,085	505	1.4	2.0	0.9
Health and related fields	10,500	1,580	8,920	9.4	2.8	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	460	255	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,785	1,175	8,610	8.7	2.1	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,925	2,140	1,790	3.5	3.9	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,250	660	1,590	2.0	1.2	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	575	425	155	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,100	1,055	45	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,550	34,345	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,780	14,730	13,050	39.9	42.9	37.1
Education	2,935	625	2,315	4.2	1.8	6.6
13. Education	2,935	625	2,315	4.2	1.8	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,015	450	565	1.5	1.3	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	940	395	550	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	1,490	570	920	2.1	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	365	95	275	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465	160	310	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	105	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,565	1,015	2,550	5.1	3.0	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	115	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	50	770	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	760	190	570	1.1	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	585	145	440	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,010	495	515	1.5	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	8,020	2,885	5,135	11.5	8.4	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,050	160	890	1.5	0.5	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,965	2,725	4,245	10.0	7.9	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,500	715	785	2.2	2.1	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	695	275	420	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	385	155	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	325	245	85	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	735	405	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,000	680	320	1.4	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,550	8,785	775	13.7	25.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,075	885	200	1.5	2.6	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,780	1,530	255	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,735	2,640	95	3.9	7.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,620	2,480	140	3.8	7.2	0.4
48. Precision production	1,210	1,165	45	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,035	1,100	935	2.9	3.2	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	770	290	480	1.1	0.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,270	810	455	1.8	2.4	1.3
Health and related fields	7,680	1,200	6,485	11.0	3.5	18.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	205	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,110	890	6,215	10.2	2.6	17.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,825	1,545	1,280	4.1	4.5	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620	505	1,120	2.3	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	280	125	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	795	755	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,550	34,345	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,780	14,730	13,050	39.9	42.9	37.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,780	19,615	22,160	60.1	57.1	62.9
Location of study inside Canada	37,750	17,610	20,140	54.3	51.3	57.2
Same as province or territory of residence	30,910	14,395	16,525	44.4	41.9	46.9
Different than province or territory of residence	6,840	3,220	3,615	9.8	9.4	10.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,030	2,005	2,020	5.8	5.8	5.7
Americas	950	425	520	1.4	1.2	1.5
United States of America	780	370	415	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mexico	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,100	585	520	1.6	1.7	1.5
Belgium	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515	285	235	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	275	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,490	750	740	2.1	2.2	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	290	85	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	705	450	255	1.0	1.3	0.7
Pakistan	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	111,930	55,435	56,490	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,775	35,525	32,255	...	...	...
Employed	62,190	32,450	29,735	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,590	3,075	2,515	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	44,150	19,915	24,235	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.6	64.1	57.1	60.6	64.1	57.1
Employment rate	55.6	58.5	52.6	55.6	58.5	52.6
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.7	7.8	8.2	8.7	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	111,930	55,440	56,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,125	20,290	23,830	39.4	36.6	42.2
Worked	67,810	35,150	32,660	60.6	63.4	57.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,275	19,330	14,945	30.6	34.9	26.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,530	15,820	17,715	30.0	28.5	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.4	40.3	40.9	41.4	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,780	35,520	32,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,380	750	630	2.0	2.1	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,395	34,770	31,625	98.0	97.9	98.0
Employee	56,465	29,020	27,450	83.3	81.7	85.1
Permanent position	47,085	24,705	22,380	69.5	69.6	69.4
Temporary position	9,385	4,315	5,075	13.8	12.1	15.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,305	915	1,395	3.4	2.6	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,075	3,400	3,680	10.4	9.6	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,930	5,755	4,175	14.7	16.2	12.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,780	35,520	32,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,380	750	630	2.0	2.1	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,395	34,770	31,625	98.0	97.9	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	415	290	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,755	2,390	7,365	14.4	6.7	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,850	2,910	945	5.7	8.2	2.9
3 Health occupations	6,090	1,120	4,970	9.0	3.2	15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,630	2,525	5,105	11.3	7.1	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,380	520	860	2.0	1.5	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	17,270	7,290	9,985	25.5	20.5	31.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,705	13,445	1,265	21.7	37.9	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,085	2,430	655	4.6	6.8	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,220	1,860	365	3.3	5.2	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,780	35,520	32,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,380	750	630	2.0	2.1	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	66,395	34,770	31,625	98.0	97.9	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,205	1,525	685	3.3	4.3	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,070	1,830	245	3.1	5.2	0.8
22 Utilities	435	330	105	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	6,655	5,635	1,010	9.8	15.9	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,380	2,675	705	5.0	7.5	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,805	1,380	425	2.7	3.9	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	8,635	4,165	4,470	12.7	11.7	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,750	3,010	740	5.5	8.5	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	675	380	290	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,425	430	1,000	2.1	1.2	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,020	490	530	1.5	1.4	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,115	2,030	2,080	6.1	5.7	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,745	1,600	1,140	4.0	4.5	3.5
61 Educational services	4,290	1,340	2,955	6.3	3.8	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	9,700	1,650	8,050	14.3	4.6	25.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,615	820	795	2.4	2.3	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	4,890	2,000	2,895	7.2	5.6	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,990	1,485	1,510	4.4	4.2	4.7
91 Public administration	3,890	1,920	1,970	5.7	5.4	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	73,425	38,050	35,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	72,240	37,545	34,695	98.4	98.7	98.1
French	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	185	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	100	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	255	70	185	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	660	305	360	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	73,425	38,050	35,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,320	38,000	35,315	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	73,025	37,840	35,185	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	72,905	37,800	35,105	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	290	160	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	160	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	73,425	38,050	35,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	72,610	37,720	34,890	98.9	99.1	98.6
English	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	400	170	230	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	350	155	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	62,190	32,450	29,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,980	3,830	5,145	14.4	11.8	17.3
Worked outside Canada	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,190	7,790	2,400	16.4	24.0	8.1
Usual place of work	42,935	20,765	22,170	69.0	64.0	74.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,935	20,765	22,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,885	14,090	17,795	74.3	67.9	80.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,445	5,555	3,890	22.0	26.8	17.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,240	825	415	2.9	4.0	1.9
Commute to a different province or territory	365	295	70	0.9	1.4	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,125	28,560	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,640	25,430	21,215	87.8	89.0	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,540	23,995	19,540	82.0	84.0	79.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,100	1,430	1,675	5.8	5.0	6.8
Public transit	1,905	810	1,095	3.6	2.8	4.5
Walked	2,835	1,180	1,655	5.3	4.1	6.7
Bicycle	430	320	110	0.8	1.1	0.4
Other method	1,310	820	495	2.5	2.9	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,125	28,560	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,055	10,595	11,465	41.5	37.1	46.7
15 to 29 minutes	20,950	11,100	9,850	39.4	38.9	40.1
30 to 44 minutes	5,025	3,105	1,920	9.5	10.9	7.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,170	1,445	730	4.1	5.1	3.0
60 minutes and over	2,920	2,320	605	5.5	8.1	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,125	28,560	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,065	3,170	895	7.7	11.1	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,830	6,550	3,280	18.5	22.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,475	7,475	6,995	27.2	26.2	28.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,990	4,370	6,615	20.7	15.3	26.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,800	2,410	3,395	10.9	8.4	13.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,965	4,575	3,390	15.0	16.0	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,950	12,325	11,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375	700	680	5.7	5.7	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,570	11,625	10,945	94.2	94.3	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,640	9,110	8,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060	540	520	6.0	5.9	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	610	295	315	3.5	3.2	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	245	205	2.5	2.7	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,580	8,575	8,005	94.0	94.1	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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