Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fleetwood--Port KellsMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	124,987	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	116,958	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,750	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,807	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,797.8	...	...	1,797.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	69.52	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	124,985	61,970	63,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,025	10,370	9,650	16.0	16.7	15.3
0 to 4 years	5,580	2,845	2,735	4.5	4.6	4.3
5 to 9 years	6,730	3,510	3,225	5.4	5.7	5.1
10 to 14 years	7,710	4,015	3,690	6.2	6.5	5.9
15 to 64 years	85,770	42,595	43,175	68.6	68.7	68.5
15 to 19 years	8,260	4,270	3,990	6.6	6.9	6.3
20 to 24 years	9,515	5,005	4,515	7.6	8.1	7.2
25 to 29 years	8,755	4,575	4,180	7.0	7.4	6.6
30 to 34 years	8,160	4,060	4,100	6.5	6.6	6.5
35 to 39 years	8,430	4,100	4,325	6.7	6.6	6.9
40 to 44 years	8,405	4,045	4,360	6.7	6.5	6.9
45 to 49 years	8,330	3,885	4,440	6.7	6.3	7.0
50 to 54 years	8,920	4,265	4,655	7.1	6.9	7.4
55 to 59 years	9,055	4,495	4,560	7.2	7.3	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,945	3,895	4,055	6.4	6.3	6.4
65 years and over	19,195	9,010	10,185	15.4	14.5	16.2
65 to 69 years	6,385	3,125	3,260	5.1	5.0	5.2
70 to 74 years	5,120	2,495	2,625	4.1	4.0	4.2
75 to 79 years	3,320	1,515	1,805	2.7	2.4	2.9
80 to 84 years	2,175	995	1,175	1.7	1.6	1.9
85 years and over	2,190	870	1,320	1.8	1.4	2.1
85 to 89 years	1,310	545	760	1.0	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	680	265	410	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	170	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.7	15.3	16.0	16.7	15.3
15 to 64 years	68.6	68.7	68.5	68.6	68.7	68.5
65 years and over	15.4	14.5	16.2	15.4	14.5	16.2
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.1	1.8	1.4	2.1
Average age of the population	40.1	39.3	40.9	40.1	39.3	40.9
Median age of the population	39.6	38.4	40.8	39.6	38.4	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,990	...	...	37.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
Row house	6,235	...	...	16.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,260	...	...	29.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,540	...	...	14.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,530	...	...	14.6	...	...
2 persons	9,505	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 persons	7,170	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	7,675	...	...	20.3	...	...
5 or more persons	7,930	...	...	21.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	124,105	61,670	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,965	51,605	53,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	62,795	31,340	31,460	59.8	60.7	59.0
Married	58,850	29,355	29,495	56.1	56.9	55.3
Living common-law	3,950	1,980	1,965	3.8	3.8	3.7
Living common law - Never married	2,780	1,400	1,380	2.6	2.7	2.6
Living common law - Separated	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	875	445	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	42,170	20,265	21,905	40.2	39.3	41.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,955	16,910	14,040	29.5	32.8	26.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,960	775	1,190	1.9	1.5	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,250	1,645	2,600	4.0	3.2	4.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,005	935	4,070	4.8	1.8	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,770	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	8,570	...	...	24.5	...	...
4 persons	9,125	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,535	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,050	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	28,075	...	...	80.2	...	...
With children⁶	18,345	...	...	52.4	...	...
Without children	9,735	...	...	27.8	...	...
Common-law couples	1,975	...	...	5.6	...	...
With children⁶	855	...	...	2.4	...	...
Without children	1,120	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,955	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,950	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,005	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	124,105	61,665	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	108,430	54,305	54,120	87.4	88.1	86.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,105	30,050	30,050	48.4	48.7	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,955	1,005	3,950	4.0	1.6	6.3
Children⁶	43,375	23,250	20,115	35.0	37.7	32.2
In a two-parent family	35,685	19,050	16,640	28.8	30.9	26.6
In a one-parent family	7,685	4,205	3,480	6.2	6.8	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,680	7,360	8,320	12.6	11.9	13.3
Living alone	5,530	2,620	2,910	4.5	4.2	4.7
Living with other relatives⁷	5,405	2,010	3,390	4.4	3.3	5.4
Living with non-relatives only	4,740	2,730	2,015	3.8	4.4	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,100	...	...	61.1	...	...
Couple-family households	20,060	...	...	53.1	...	...
With children⁶	13,300	...	...	35.2	...	...
Without children	6,765	...	...	17.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,040	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,595	...	...	12.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	940	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,100	...	...	5.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,540	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	5,530	...	...	14.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,105	51,305	52,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,750	49,150	50,605	95.8	95.8	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,800	37,200	42,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,800	49,175	50,625	95.9	95.8	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	31,000	34,000	38,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,250	44,125	43,120	83.8	86.0	81.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,000	25,800	32,400	40,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,210	37,825	35,385	70.3	73.7	67.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,800	29,800	36,000	42,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,745	39,555	45,190	81.4	77.1	85.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,000	9,700	8,500	7,000	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,495	3,970	5,520	9.1	7.7	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,450	15,715	16,735	31.2	30.6	31.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,980	51,180	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,595	49,125	50,470	95.8	96.0	95.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	53,700	40,480	47,000	53,700	40,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,625	49,145	50,480	95.8	96.0	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,560	45,320	35,960	40,560	45,320	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,070	44,140	42,925	83.7	86.2	81.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	51,250	35,720	43,560	51,250	35,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,230	37,825	35,400	70.4	73.9	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	51,700	36,840	44,520	51,700	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,495	39,485	45,010	81.3	77.1	85.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,530	11,320	10,480	9,530	11,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,555	3,940	5,620	9.2	7.7	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,395	5,560	6,980	6,395	5,560	6,980
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,465	15,780	16,695	31.2	30.8	31.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	9,000	9,450	9,230	9,000	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,985	51,175	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,685	19,025	13,660	31.4	37.2	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,000	54,000	58,800	64,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100	74,600	59,050	68,100	74,600	59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,715	13,570	16,145	28.6	26.5	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	19,800	16,800	18,200	19,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,080	30,280	24,400	27,080	30,280	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	85.8	75.0	81.0	85.8	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	74.2	63.9	69.6	74.2	63.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	14.3	25.0	18.9	14.3	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.9	1.3	0.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.9	6.5	9.7	7.9	6.5	9.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4	5.4	7.7	6.4	5.4	7.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,105	51,305	52,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,355	2,155	2,195	4.2	4.2	4.2
With total income	99,755	49,150	50,600	95.8	95.8	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,545	4,980	6,565	11.6	10.1	13.0
$10,000 to $19,999	13,080	5,765	7,315	13.1	11.7	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	16,140	7,025	9,110	16.2	14.3	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,730	5,655	7,075	12.8	11.5	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,065	5,070	5,995	11.1	10.3	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,940	4,255	4,680	9.0	8.7	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,705	3,715	2,995	6.7	7.6	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	3,060	1,935	5.0	6.2	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,695	2,220	1,475	3.7	4.5	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,865	1,775	1,090	2.9	3.6	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,985	5,620	2,365	8.0	11.4	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	5,705	3,825	1,880	5.7	7.8	3.7
$150,000 and over	2,280	1,795	485	2.3	3.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,105	51,305	52,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,305	2,130	2,180	4.1	4.2	4.1
With after-tax income	99,800	49,180	50,620	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,840	5,105	6,735	11.9	10.4	13.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,430	5,930	7,500	13.5	12.1	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	18,130	7,930	10,200	18.2	16.1	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	14,730	6,755	7,975	14.8	13.7	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,495	5,815	6,675	12.5	11.8	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,280	4,895	4,385	9.3	10.0	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,355	3,825	2,530	6.4	7.8	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,430	2,685	1,745	4.4	5.5	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095	1,940	1,155	3.1	3.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,930	1,250	680	1.9	2.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,090	3,040	1,045	4.1	6.2	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,240	1,580	660	2.2	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,845	1,460	390	1.8	3.0	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,105	51,305	52,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,895	13,485	17,415	29.7	26.3	33.0
With employment income	73,210	37,820	35,385	70.3	73.7	67.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,480	4,390	5,090	12.9	11.6	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	6,640	2,860	3,780	9.1	7.6	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,340	4,215	5,125	12.8	11.1	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,955	3,155	3,800	9.5	8.3	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	7,230	3,350	3,880	9.9	8.9	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,015	3,415	3,600	9.6	9.0	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,315	3,200	3,115	8.6	8.5	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,985	2,955	2,030	6.8	7.8	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,445	1,415	5.3	6.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	1,785	1,065	3.9	4.7	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	1,530	820	3.2	4.0	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,185	4,525	1,660	8.4	12.0	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,175	2,160	1,015	4.3	5.7	2.9
$125,000 and over	3,005	2,365	645	4.1	6.3	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,105	51,305	52,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,945	47,180	48,760	92.2	92.0	92.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,800	29,000	34,000	40,800	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,160	47,215	48,945	92.4	92.0	92.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	27,000	31,200	36,400	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,710	43,235	42,470	82.3	84.3	80.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	27,800	33,600	41,600	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,875	37,970	35,910	71.0	74.0	68.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	30,000	35,600	42,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,005	28,760	38,240	64.4	56.1	72.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,040	1,450	4,640	3,040	1,450	4,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,105	2,355	3,750	5.9	4.6	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,520	5,440	5,080	4,520	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,980	51,180	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,710	47,105	48,605	92.0	92.0	92.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	51,350	36,760	43,960	51,350	36,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,915	47,130	48,780	92.2	92.1	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,280	32,120	37,600	43,280	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,515	43,145	42,370	82.2	84.3	80.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	51,950	35,680	43,880	51,950	35,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,900	38,135	35,765	71.1	74.5	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	51,550	36,600	44,320	51,550	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,825	28,735	38,085	64.3	56.1	72.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,205	7,230	6,790	6,205	7,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,020	2,415	3,605	5.8	4.7	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690	5,695	7,350	6,690	5,695	7,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,985	51,175	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,390	18,840	13,545	31.1	36.8	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	61,200	49,600	55,200	61,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,100	71,400	54,050	64,100	71,400	54,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,875	12,835	15,045	26.8	25.1	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	26,800	22,600	24,000	26,800	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,240	35,960	29,040	32,240	35,960	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.6	84.6	89.2	92.6	84.6
Employment income (%)	77.8	81.2	73.2	77.8	81.2	73.2
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.4	15.4	10.8	7.4	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320	...	...	50,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,440	...	...	43,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	445	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	840	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	800	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	815	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,000	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,005	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,090	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,170	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,175	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,215	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,320	...	...	53.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,955	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,575	...	...	14.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,590	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	470	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	890	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	880	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	915	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,170	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,215	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,550	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,485	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,485	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,755	...	...	47.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,490	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,180	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,085	...	...	21.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,270	5,345	4,925	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,200	33,600	35,600	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,400	31,800	33,200	34,400	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...	115,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,185	5,185	5,000	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,880	45,840	39,800	42,880	45,840	39,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,560	39,480	35,600	37,560	39,480	35,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	124,110	61,670	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,785	12,840	11,950	20.0	20.8	19.1
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,470	3,340	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	80,805	40,025	40,780	65.1	64.9	65.3
65 years and over	18,515	8,805	9,710	14.9	14.3	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,735	4,655	5,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,495	1,275	1,215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	655	315	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,405	2,555	2,845	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,840	820	1,020	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.9	7.6	8.1	7.9	7.6	8.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.2	10.1	10.0	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.1	10.1	9.6	9.1	10.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.4	7.0	6.7	6.4	7.0
65 years and over (%)	9.9	9.3	10.5	9.9	9.3	10.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,105	61,665	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,790	12,840	11,950	20.0	20.8	19.1
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,475	3,340	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	80,800	40,025	40,780	65.1	64.9	65.3
65 years and over	18,515	8,805	9,710	14.9	14.3	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,780	3,455	3,330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,440	765	680	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	175	165	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,580	2,340	2,235	...	...	...
65 years and over	760	345	415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.6	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.9	5.5
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	124,110	61,665	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,375	25,675	26,705	42.2	41.6	42.8
In bottom decile	9,790	4,850	4,940	7.9	7.9	7.9
In second decile	9,495	4,505	4,985	7.7	7.3	8.0
In third decile	9,835	4,890	4,945	7.9	7.9	7.9
In fourth decile	11,220	5,505	5,710	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	12,040	5,920	6,115	9.7	9.6	9.8
In top half of the distribution	71,735	35,995	35,740	57.8	58.4	57.2
In sixth decile	13,260	6,595	6,660	10.7	10.7	10.7
In seventh decile	14,250	7,140	7,105	11.5	11.6	11.4
In eighth decile	15,185	7,600	7,590	12.2	12.3	12.2
In ninth decile	15,920	7,950	7,975	12.8	12.9	12.8
In top decile	13,120	6,710	6,410	10.6	10.9	10.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	124,105	...	...	124,105	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.386	...	...	0.386	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	124,475	61,800	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	111,765	56,355	55,405	89.8	91.2	88.4
French only	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,785	1,745	2,045	3.0	2.8	3.3
Neither English nor French	8,875	3,670	5,210	7.1	5.9	8.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	124,475	61,800	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	114,660	57,640	57,020	92.1	93.3	91.0
French	525	285	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	560	260	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	8,730	3,605	5,120	7.0	5.8	8.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	124,475	61,800	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,075	57,190	57,885	92.4	92.5	92.4
Official languages	46,820	24,205	22,610	37.6	39.2	36.1
English	46,340	23,945	22,400	37.2	38.7	35.7
French	475	260	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	68,255	32,985	35,270	54.8	53.4	56.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	68,245	32,985	35,265	54.8	53.4	56.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,730	900	825	1.4	1.5	1.3
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,670	860	805	1.3	1.4	1.3
Amharic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,265	650	615	1.0	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,485	1,605	1,875	2.8	2.6	3.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	3,260	1,500	1,760	2.6	2.4	2.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,245	3,225	4,015	5.8	5.2	6.4
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	470	210	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,025	2,680	3,345	4.8	4.3	5.3
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	925	480	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kannada	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	330	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	405	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35,880	17,745	18,135	28.8	28.7	28.9
Albanian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,555	750	800	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,550	750	800	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	635	305	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	335	150	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	160	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,015	455	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	565	265	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	550	260	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	370	150	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	330	135	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	30,740	15,270	15,470	24.7	24.7	24.7
Indo-Aryan languages	29,810	14,790	15,015	23.9	23.9	24.0
Assamese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	2,830	1,360	1,465	2.3	2.2	2.3
Kacchi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	150	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	24,520	12,200	12,320	19.7	19.7	19.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	1,280	635	645	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	935	480	455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	760	390	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,305	1,135	1,170	1.9	1.8	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	305	155	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	405	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,440	710	730	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	85	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	4,175	1,995	2,175	3.4	3.2	3.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,540	6,450	7,095	10.9	10.4	11.3
Chinese languages	13,380	6,360	7,015	10.7	10.3	11.2
Hakka	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	9,515	4,525	4,995	7.6	7.3	8.0
Min Dong	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	685	330	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,940	1,400	1,535	2.4	2.3	2.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lao	290	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,405	4,605	4,795	7.6	7.5	7.6
English and French	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,315	4,105	4,215	6.7	6.6	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	795	365	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	124,475	61,800	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,940	25,135	23,805	39.3	40.7	38.0
French	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	25,680	12,200	13,480	20.6	19.7	21.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25,680	12,200	13,480	20.6	19.7	21.5
English and French	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	46,805	22,995	23,815	37.6	37.2	38.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	635	280	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	1,960	955	1,005	1.6	1.5	1.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	124,475	61,800	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,705	56,000	56,705	90.5	90.6	90.5
Official languages	65,330	33,055	32,275	52.5	53.5	51.5
English	65,180	32,975	32,205	52.4	53.4	51.4
French	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	47,375	22,945	24,425	38.1	37.1	39.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,375	22,945	24,425	38.1	37.1	39.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,110	540	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,075	515	560	0.9	0.8	0.9
Amharic	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	795	380	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Aramaic languages	185	95	95	0.1	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,445	1,105	1,340	2.0	1.8	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,305	1,045	1,265	1.9	1.7	2.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,980	1,860	2,125	3.2	3.0	3.4
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,420	1,595	1,830	2.7	2.6	2.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	600	305	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,570	12,130	12,445	19.7	19.6	19.9
Albanian	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	710	335	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	710	335	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	22,540	11,145	11,395	18.1	18.0	18.2
Indo-Aryan languages	21,965	10,855	11,110	17.6	17.6	17.7
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,605	780	830	1.3	1.3	1.3
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,690	9,260	9,430	15.0	15.0	15.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	980	485	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	575	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,125	540	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	845	415	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	3,440	1,640	1,805	2.8	2.7	2.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,600	5,075	5,530	8.5	8.2	8.8
Chinese languages	10,500	5,025	5,475	8.4	8.1	8.7
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,850	3,770	4,080	6.3	6.1	6.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	445	215	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,060	970	1,090	1.7	1.6	1.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,765	5,795	5,975	9.5	9.4	9.5
English and French	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	11,310	5,565	5,740	9.1	9.0	9.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	124,475	61,795	62,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,380	42,195	42,185	67.8	68.3	67.3
English	17,270	8,565	8,710	13.9	13.9	13.9
French	415	185	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	17,525	8,485	9,035	14.1	13.7	14.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,520	8,480	9,035	14.1	13.7	14.4
English and French	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,715	1,355	1,360	2.2	2.2	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	260	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,785	835	945	1.4	1.4	1.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	123,990	61,425	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	115,200	57,855	57,345	92.9	94.2	91.6
English	115,180	57,850	57,335	92.9	94.2	91.6
French	3,740	1,750	1,990	3.0	2.8	3.2
Non-official languages	85,560	41,380	44,180	69.0	67.4	70.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85,550	41,380	44,170	69.0	67.4	70.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,000	1,030	970	1.6	1.7	1.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,930	990	935	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,570	805	765	1.3	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	295	155	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	170	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,745	2,215	2,535	3.8	3.6	4.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	4,450	2,055	2,395	3.6	3.3	3.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,030	4,420	5,610	8.1	7.2	9.0
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	400	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	220	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	740	295	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indonesian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	170	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,370	4,100	5,275	7.6	6.7	8.4
Waray-Waray	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,505	740	765	1.2	1.2	1.2
Kannada	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	470	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	760	380	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Telugu	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	46,515	23,030	23,490	37.5	37.5	37.5
Albanian	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,845	920	925	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,845	920	920	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	740	365	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	535	265	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	405	215	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	125	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,355	640	720	1.1	1.0	1.2
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	810	380	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	795	370	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	465	210	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	60	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	39,765	19,745	20,015	32.1	32.1	32.0
Indo-Aryan languages	38,685	19,185	19,505	31.2	31.2	31.2
Assamese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	315	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	680	370	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hindi	11,930	5,795	6,135	9.6	9.4	9.8
Kacchi	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	180	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	205	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	31,945	15,875	16,065	25.8	25.8	25.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	330	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Urdu	2,325	1,185	1,145	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,320	710	605	1.1	1.2	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	180	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	1,050	560	495	0.8	0.9	0.8
Dari	570	310	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	360	190	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,625	1,815	1,815	2.9	3.0	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	515	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	190	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	2,575	1,290	1,290	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	620	280	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	4,790	2,325	2,470	3.9	3.8	3.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	705	355	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,920	7,720	8,200	12.8	12.6	13.1
Chinese languages	15,770	7,635	8,135	12.7	12.4	13.0
Hakka	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	12,805	6,270	6,535	10.3	10.2	10.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,260	610	650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	4,285	1,995	2,290	3.5	3.2	3.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	575	295	280	0.5	0.5	0.4
Lao	430	225	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Thai	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,990	61,425	62,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,970	930	1,035	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,885	890	1,000	1.5	1.4	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	950	445	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	920	435	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	122,020	60,490	61,535	98.4	98.5	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,990	61,425	62,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	605	240	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	123,385	61,180	62,205	99.5	99.6	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,590	...	...	75.6	...	...
Renter	9,215	...	...	24.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,025	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not condominium	32,780	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,905	...	...	7.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,940	...	...	21.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,545	...	...	27.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,270	...	...	43.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,190	...	...	29.6	...	...
5 rooms	5,900	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,550	...	...	12.0	...	...
7 rooms	3,875	...	...	10.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,295	...	...	32.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,095	...	...	92.8	...	...
More than one person per room	2,715	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,800	...	...	89.4	...	...
Not suitable	4,010	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	745	...	...	2.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,325	...	...	8.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,840	...	...	20.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,985	...	...	29.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,870	...	...	12.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,910	...	...	10.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,000	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,130	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,475	...	...	96.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,330	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,125	...	...	37.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,290	...	...	48.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,390	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	755	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,845	...	...	10.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,150	...	...	18.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,545	...	...	22.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,915	...	...	23.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,435	...	...	14.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,280	...	...	6.0	...	...
85 years and over	880	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,510	...	...	75.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,195	...	...	24.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,300	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,415	...	...	35.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,245	...	...	21.8	...	...
Not suitable only	3,275	...	...	8.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	805	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	565	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	360	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,385	...	...	64.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,055	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not in core need	31,750	...	...	86.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,565	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.6	...	...	66.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	1,860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,006	...	...	2,006	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,140,000	...	...	1,140,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,388	...	...	1,388	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	123,995	61,420	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	600	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	595	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	370	150	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Métis single ancestry	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,515	745	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,475	725	750	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	920	465	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	540	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,875	60,395	61,475	98.3	98.3	98.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	123,995	61,420	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,185	50,540	50,645	81.6	82.3	80.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,355	11,350	11,005	18.0	18.5	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,825	39,195	39,635	63.6	63.8	63.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,810	10,885	11,925	18.4	17.7	19.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	123,995	61,420	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,065	28,290	26,775	44.4	46.1	42.8
Immigrants⁸¹	63,295	30,195	33,100	51.0	49.2	52.9
Before 1980	6,530	3,160	3,370	5.3	5.1	5.4
1980 to 1990	7,535	3,730	3,805	6.1	6.1	6.1
1991 to 2000	14,655	7,160	7,500	11.8	11.7	12.0
2001 to 2010	18,335	8,600	9,735	14.8	14.0	15.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,235	7,545	8,695	13.1	12.3	13.9
2011 to 2015	8,215	3,720	4,495	6.6	6.1	7.2
2016 to 2021	8,020	3,825	4,200	6.5	6.2	6.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,635	2,940	2,700	4.5	4.8	4.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	63,290	30,190	33,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,280	2,280	2,005	6.8	7.6	6.1
5 to 14 years	9,295	4,780	4,510	14.7	15.8	13.6
15 to 24 years	13,900	6,350	7,550	22.0	21.0	22.8
25 to 44 years	27,030	12,705	14,330	42.7	42.1	43.3
45 years and over	8,780	4,075	4,710	13.9	13.5	14.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	63,290	30,190	33,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,530	1,315	1,215	4.0	4.4	3.7
Brazil	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
El Salvador	345	195	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guyana	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	185	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	195	75	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Peru	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	715	395	320	1.1	1.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	590	295	295	0.9	1.0	0.9
Europe	4,400	2,180	2,225	7.0	7.2	6.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	320	135	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Greece	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	235	130	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	295	125	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Poland	555	270	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portugal	190	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,240	635	605	2.0	2.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	640	335	310	1.0	1.1	0.9
Africa	1,735	870	860	2.7	2.9	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopia	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Somalia	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	845	420	420	1.3	1.4	1.3
Asia	52,765	25,000	27,770	83.4	82.8	83.9
Afghanistan	420	205	215	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	325	185	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraq	585	325	265	0.9	1.1	0.8
Lebanon	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	240	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkey	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	7,950	3,665	4,285	12.6	12.1	12.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	925	460	460	1.5	1.5	1.4
Korea, South⁹²	3,370	1,600	1,770	5.3	5.3	5.3
Taiwan	2,275	1,115	1,160	3.6	3.7	3.5
Philippines	9,255	4,095	5,160	14.6	13.6	15.6
Viet Nam	3,000	1,335	1,670	4.7	4.4	5.0
Bangladesh	170	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	19,570	9,505	10,065	30.9	31.5	30.4
Pakistan	1,210	615	590	1.9	2.0	1.8
Sri Lanka	505	230	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	2,845	1,395	1,445	4.5	4.6	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,860	835	1,030	2.9	2.8	3.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,020	3,820	4,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	450	250	200	5.6	6.5	4.8
Brazil	65	35	30	0.8	0.9	0.7
Colombia	35	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Mexico	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
United States of America	110	75	40	1.4	2.0	1.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	150	75	70	1.9	2.0	1.7
Europe	180	80	105	2.2	2.1	2.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	35	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	80	35	40	1.0	0.9	1.0
Africa	375	190	185	4.7	5.0	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	65	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	100	40	55	1.2	1.0	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	30	0.7	0.9	0.7
Asia	6,965	3,280	3,690	86.8	85.9	87.9
Afghanistan	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bangladesh	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,200	550	645	15.0	14.4	15.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	50	20	0.8	1.3	0.5
India	3,080	1,475	1,605	38.4	38.6	38.2
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iraq	125	65	60	1.6	1.7	1.4
Israel	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	430	205	225	5.4	5.4	5.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	225	135	95	2.8	3.5	2.3
Philippines	1,055	470	590	13.2	12.3	14.0
Saudi Arabia	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	145	80	70	1.8	2.1	1.7
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Viet Nam	175	65	115	2.2	1.7	2.7
Other places of birth in Asia	205	75	135	2.6	2.0	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Australia	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	25	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	123,990	61,425	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	70,020	33,660	36,365	56.5	54.8	58.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,130	17,615	16,515	27.5	28.7	26.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,835	10,145	9,695	16.0	16.5	15.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	56,765	27,035	29,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,685	14,160	14,525	50.5	52.4	48.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,180	6,595	4,585	19.7	24.4	15.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	17,510	7,565	9,950	30.8	28.0	33.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	21,780	9,440	12,335	38.4	34.9	41.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,855	3,230	2,625	10.3	11.9	8.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	440	205	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	56,765	27,035	29,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,350	805	550	2.4	3.0	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,325	1,665	2,660	7.6	6.2	8.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,305	720	590	2.3	2.7	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,250	1,195	1,060	4.0	4.4	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	275	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	47,250	22,525	24,730	83.2	83.3	83.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	123,990	61,425	62,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	94,400	46,475	47,920	76.1	75.7	76.6
South Asian	42,855	21,415	21,440	34.6	34.9	34.3
Chinese	16,860	8,225	8,635	13.6	13.4	13.8
Black	2,425	1,270	1,155	2.0	2.1	1.8
Filipino	12,310	5,740	6,565	9.9	9.3	10.5
Arab	1,395	690	700	1.1	1.1	1.1
Latin American	1,805	925	875	1.5	1.5	1.4
Southeast Asian	6,250	2,965	3,285	5.0	4.8	5.2
West Asian	1,245	670	575	1.0	1.1	0.9
Korean	4,925	2,410	2,515	4.0	3.9	4.0
Japanese	490	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,050	560	490	0.8	0.9	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	2,795	1,370	1,420	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,600	14,945	14,650	23.9	24.3	23.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	123,995	61,420	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,445	3,295	3,150	5.2	5.4	5.0
English	8,105	4,120	3,990	6.5	6.7	6.4
Irish	4,700	2,370	2,330	3.8	3.9	3.7
Scottish	5,925	2,790	3,135	4.8	4.5	5.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,490	1,220	1,270	2.0	2.0	2.0
German	5,020	2,475	2,545	4.0	4.0	4.1
Chinese	16,360	7,990	8,370	13.2	13.0	13.4
Italian	1,835	880	955	1.5	1.4	1.5
Indian (India)	23,770	11,735	12,030	19.2	19.1	19.2
Ukrainian	2,350	1,220	1,130	1.9	2.0	1.8
Dutch	2,210	1,030	1,180	1.8	1.7	1.9
Polish	1,980	935	1,045	1.6	1.5	1.7
Québécois	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,770	830	940	1.4	1.4	1.5
Filipino	11,935	5,600	6,330	9.6	9.1	10.1
French Canadian	265	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,130	655	475	0.9	1.1	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	825	410	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	805	395	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	995	495	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian	1,130	505	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Norwegian	1,265	595	675	1.0	1.0	1.1
Welsh	760	395	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	660	315	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	615	345	270	0.5	0.6	0.4
Spanish	1,400	605	795	1.1	1.0	1.3
Swedish	930	450	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hungarian	585	290	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Acadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	1,570	745	825	1.3	1.2	1.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	670	315	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jewish	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	9,235	4,695	4,540	7.4	7.6	7.3
Vietnamese	4,985	2,345	2,640	4.0	3.8	4.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	490	265	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	290	170	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,140	995	1,145	1.7	1.6	1.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	4,785	2,340	2,445	3.9	3.8	3.9
Romanian	460	255	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	345	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	465	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	460	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	7,360	3,705	3,655	5.9	6.0	5.8
Austrian	435	160	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belgian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,770	990	785	1.4	1.6	1.3
Mexican	460	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	295	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	520	265	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	670	345	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,640	790	855	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	180	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	420	230	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	245	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syrian	195	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	690	355	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	280	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	1,925	910	1,015	1.6	1.5	1.6
Iraqi	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	620	280	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	125	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	580	305	280	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ilocano	505	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Irish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	1,680	815	855	1.4	1.3	1.4
Jatt	920	480	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	245	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	200	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Goan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	123,990	61,425	62,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	4,235	1,890	2,350	3.4	3.1	3.8
Christian	43,340	20,585	22,760	35.0	33.5	36.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,320	6,495	6,825	10.7	10.6	10.9
Anabaptist	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	940	430	510	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baptist	1,615	780	835	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catholic	17,570	8,255	9,310	14.2	13.4	14.9
Christian Orthodox	1,040	560	480	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	770	360	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	545	220	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,975	965	1,015	1.6	1.6	1.6
Presbyterian	950	450	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Reformed	380	155	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
United Church	1,250	485	765	1.0	0.8	1.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,265	1,100	1,170	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hindu	6,480	3,335	3,145	5.2	5.4	5.0
Jewish	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	5,965	2,970	2,995	4.8	4.8	4.8
Sikh	30,380	15,115	15,265	24.5	24.6	24.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	495	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	32,945	17,205	15,745	26.6	28.0	25.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	122,930	60,860	62,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	108,035	53,565	54,470	87.9	88.0	87.8
Movers	14,890	7,295	7,595	12.1	12.0	12.2
Non-migrants	9,630	4,720	4,915	7.8	7.8	7.9
Migrants	5,260	2,580	2,685	4.3	4.2	4.3
Internal migrants	3,575	1,770	1,810	2.9	2.9	2.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,655	1,270	1,390	2.2	2.1	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	920	500	420	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	1,680	810	870	1.4	1.3	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	118,515	58,610	59,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,505	35,770	36,730	61.2	61.0	61.3
Movers	46,020	22,840	23,175	38.8	39.0	38.7
Non-migrants	23,885	11,795	12,085	20.2	20.1	20.2
Migrants	22,135	11,040	11,085	18.7	18.8	18.5
Internal migrants	12,310	6,190	6,120	10.4	10.6	10.2
Intraprovincial migrants	9,730	4,820	4,910	8.2	8.2	8.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,580	1,365	1,210	2.2	2.3	2.0
External migrants	9,825	4,855	4,965	8.3	8.3	8.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,980	51,175	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,925	8,775	9,155	17.2	17.1	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,050	42,410	43,650	82.8	82.9	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,820	33,210	34,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,405	3,940	3,465	10.9	11.9	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,415	29,270	31,145	89.1	88.1	90.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,980	51,180	52,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,870	8,110	8,760	16.2	15.8	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,760	16,210	15,550	30.5	31.7	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,350	26,860	28,490	53.2	52.5	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,440	12,850	12,590	24.5	25.1	23.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,635	4,130	1,505	5.4	8.1	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,000	1,845	1,155	2.9	3.6	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,630	2,285	345	2.5	4.5	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,020	6,495	8,525	14.4	12.7	16.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,785	2,225	2,560	4.6	4.3	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,910	14,010	15,905	28.8	27.4	30.1
Bachelor's degree	20,255	9,220	11,035	19.5	18.0	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,040	880	1,165	2.0	1.7	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	750	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	6,150	3,035	3,115	5.9	5.9	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	510	205	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,820	33,205	34,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,720	3,520	3,205	9.9	10.6	9.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,665	9,090	8,575	26.0	27.4	24.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,435	20,595	22,835	64.0	62.0	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,520	9,135	9,390	27.3	27.5	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,930	2,875	1,060	5.8	8.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,190	1,365	825	3.2	4.1	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,735	1,510	230	2.6	4.5	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,120	4,690	6,430	16.4	14.1	18.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,475	1,570	1,905	5.1	4.7	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,910	11,465	13,450	36.7	34.5	38.9
Bachelor's degree	16,565	7,435	9,135	24.4	22.4	26.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,710	730	985	2.5	2.2	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	280	345	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	5,430	2,630	2,805	8.0	7.9	8.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	575	390	180	0.8	1.2	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,980	51,180	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,635	24,320	24,315	46.8	47.5	46.0
Education	3,035	680	2,355	2.9	1.3	4.5
13. Education	3,035	680	2,355	2.9	1.3	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,665	645	1,025	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	160	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,460	485	975	1.4	0.9	1.8
Humanities	4,565	1,850	2,715	4.4	3.6	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	520	125	395	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	625	210	415	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,485	1,025	1,465	2.4	2.0	2.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	135	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	245	125	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	285	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,645	2,055	3,595	5.4	4.0	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	155	360	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	860	100	760	0.8	0.2	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	805	290	510	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	815	190	625	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	2,480	1,250	1,235	2.4	2.4	2.3
Business, management and public administration	12,210	5,275	6,930	11.7	10.3	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	130	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,805	5,140	6,670	11.4	10.0	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,645	1,400	1,250	2.5	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	870	395	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,015	485	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	685	490	200	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,585	2,320	1,255	3.4	4.5	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,125	2,095	1,030	3.0	4.1	2.0
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	200	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,640	9,355	1,285	10.2	18.3	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	315	190	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	4,220	3,410	800	4.1	6.7	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,935	1,685	250	1.9	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,785	1,730	55	1.7	3.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,605	1,570	35	1.5	3.1	0.1
48. Precision production	775	760	20	0.7	1.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	790	415	380	0.8	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	610	315	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	8,415	1,775	6,640	8.1	3.5	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	405	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,865	1,480	6,385	7.6	2.9	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,155	1,090	1,065	2.1	2.1	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	420	915	1.3	0.8	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	245	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	405	90	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,825	33,210	34,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,385	12,610	11,775	36.0	38.0	34.0
Education	2,135	380	1,755	3.1	1.1	5.1
13. Education	2,135	380	1,755	3.1	1.1	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	500	810	1.9	1.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	120	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	380	780	1.7	1.1	2.3
Humanities	3,220	1,215	2,005	4.7	3.7	5.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	100	310	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	470	135	330	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,640	630	1,010	2.4	1.9	2.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	170	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	220	85	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,440	1,585	2,860	6.5	4.8	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	125	285	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	60	610	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	645	215	430	1.0	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	610	140	470	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,970	980	985	2.9	3.0	2.8
Business, management and public administration	10,150	4,300	5,850	15.0	12.9	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	105	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,860	4,200	5,655	14.5	12.6	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,985	1,015	975	2.9	3.1	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	655	280	375	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	340	405	1.1	1.0	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	535	370	160	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,170	2,045	1,130	4.7	6.2	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,820	1,885	935	4.2	5.7	2.7
25. Library science	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	130	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,075	6,985	1,090	11.9	21.0	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	260	170	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,530	2,805	730	5.2	8.4	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,375	1,185	190	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,310	1,265	40	1.9	3.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,110	1,090	15	1.6	3.3	0.0
48. Precision production	485	465	20	0.7	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	310	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	245	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,725	1,395	5,330	9.9	4.2	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,335	1,180	5,155	9.3	3.6	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,595	860	740	2.4	2.6	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,020	360	665	1.5	1.1	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	185	25	0.3	0.6	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	305	40	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,825	33,210	34,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,385	12,610	11,775	36.0	38.0	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,440	20,600	22,840	64.0	62.0	66.0
Location of study inside Canada	23,880	11,600	12,285	35.2	34.9	35.5
Same as province or territory of residence	21,045	10,205	10,830	31.0	30.7	31.3
Different than province or territory of residence	2,845	1,390	1,455	4.2	4.2	4.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,550	8,995	10,555	28.8	27.1	30.5
Americas	1,285	665	615	1.9	2.0	1.8
United States of America	890	500	395	1.3	1.5	1.1
Mexico	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	95	50	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	1,250	660	595	1.8	2.0	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	580	330	250	0.9	1.0	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	315	180	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	16,365	7,325	9,040	24.1	22.1	26.1
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	3,130	1,485	1,645	4.6	4.5	4.8
Taiwan	625	260	360	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	1,200	535	665	1.8	1.6	1.9
Philippines	3,900	1,590	2,315	5.8	4.8	6.7
Viet Nam	195	60	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	5,835	2,700	3,130	8.6	8.1	9.0
Pakistan	440	215	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	430	205	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Oceania	340	165	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,980	51,180	52,800	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,980	35,860	32,125	...	...	...
Employed	62,360	33,140	29,215	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,620	2,710	2,910	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,000	15,320	20,680	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.4	70.1	60.8	65.4	70.1	60.8
Employment rate	60.0	64.8	55.3	60.0	64.8	55.3
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.6	9.1	8.3	7.6	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,980	51,180	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,385	16,760	21,625	36.9	32.7	41.0
Worked	65,595	34,415	31,180	63.1	67.2	59.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,825	19,780	14,040	32.5	38.6	26.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,775	14,635	17,135	30.6	28.6	32.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.8	39.2	40.6	41.8	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,980	35,855	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	730	860	2.3	2.0	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,395	35,130	31,260	97.7	98.0	97.3
Employee	55,815	28,045	27,770	82.1	78.2	86.4
Permanent position	46,880	24,000	22,875	69.0	66.9	71.2
Temporary position	8,935	4,040	4,900	13.1	11.3	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,055	1,450	1,610	4.5	4.0	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,880	2,590	3,290	8.6	7.2	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,580	7,085	3,495	15.6	19.8	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,980	35,855	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	730	860	2.3	2.0	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,395	35,130	31,260	97.7	98.0	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	465	330	135	0.7	0.9	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,085	3,630	7,450	16.3	10.1	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,000	3,950	1,045	7.4	11.0	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,655	1,205	4,450	8.3	3.4	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,020	1,830	4,195	8.9	5.1	13.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,605	810	790	2.4	2.3	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	18,455	8,020	10,440	27.1	22.4	32.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,525	12,465	1,055	19.9	34.8	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	920	655	265	1.4	1.8	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,665	2,225	1,440	5.4	6.2	4.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,980	35,855	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,590	730	860	2.3	2.0	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	66,395	35,130	31,260	97.7	98.0	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	915	525	385	1.3	1.5	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	80	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	405	245	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
23 Construction	6,135	5,330	795	9.0	14.9	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,550	3,665	1,890	8.2	10.2	5.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,715	1,780	930	4.0	5.0	2.9
44-45 Retail trade	8,255	3,865	4,390	12.1	10.8	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,645	4,570	1,070	8.3	12.7	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,500	975	525	2.2	2.7	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,655	1,090	1,560	3.9	3.0	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,305	805	500	1.9	2.2	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,800	2,765	2,035	7.1	7.7	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,960	1,785	1,175	4.4	5.0	3.7
61 Educational services	3,700	1,125	2,580	5.4	3.1	8.0
62 Health care and social assistance	8,335	1,575	6,760	12.3	4.4	21.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	490	495	1.4	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	4,430	1,630	2,790	6.5	4.5	8.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,240	1,510	1,730	4.8	4.2	5.4
91 Public administration	2,640	1,250	1,385	3.9	3.5	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,185	37,830	34,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,225	31,605	28,620	83.4	83.5	83.3
French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	2,620	1,365	1,245	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,620	1,365	1,245	3.6	3.6	3.6
English and French	240	95	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	8,920	4,670	4,250	12.4	12.3	12.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,185	37,830	34,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,000	36,595	33,405	97.0	96.7	97.2
Official languages	65,085	33,965	31,125	90.2	89.8	90.6
English	65,050	33,955	31,095	90.1	89.8	90.5
French	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-official languages	4,915	2,630	2,280	6.8	7.0	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,915	2,630	2,280	6.8	7.0	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	285	90	195	0.4	0.2	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	90	195	0.4	0.2	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,320	1,405	915	3.2	3.7	2.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,225	1,350	885	3.1	3.6	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,225	1,350	885	3.1	3.6	2.6
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,175	1,320	855	3.0	3.5	2.5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	655	320	335	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,460	715	750	2.0	1.9	2.2
Chinese languages	1,460	715	750	2.0	1.9	2.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,220	585	635	1.7	1.5	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,185	1,240	950	3.0	3.3	2.8
English and French	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,125	1,200	915	2.9	3.2	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,185	37,830	34,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,830	34,105	30,725	89.8	90.2	89.4
English	2,070	1,130	935	2.9	3.0	2.7
French	200	90	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	4,185	2,075	2,105	5.8	5.5	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,185	2,075	2,105	5.8	5.5	6.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	745	345	405	1.0	0.9	1.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	62,360	33,140	29,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,680	5,290	5,385	17.1	16.0	18.4
Worked outside Canada	305	225	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
No fixed workplace address	11,205	8,315	2,885	18.0	25.1	9.9
Usual place of work	40,180	19,310	20,865	64.4	58.3	71.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,180	19,310	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,605	8,365	11,240	48.8	43.3	53.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,760	10,460	9,300	49.2	54.2	44.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	700	415	280	1.7	2.1	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	51,380	27,630	23,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,555	24,535	19,020	84.8	88.8	80.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,190	22,800	16,390	76.3	82.5	69.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,365	1,735	2,625	8.5	6.3	11.1
Public transit	5,680	2,110	3,580	11.1	7.6	15.1
Walked	1,125	390	730	2.2	1.4	3.1
Bicycle	160	115	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	860	475	380	1.7	1.7	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	51,380	27,630	23,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,330	3,585	4,745	16.2	13.0	20.0
15 to 29 minutes	18,520	9,280	9,240	36.0	33.6	38.9
30 to 44 minutes	14,175	8,785	5,385	27.6	31.8	22.7
45 to 59 minutes	5,260	3,165	2,090	10.2	11.5	8.8
60 minutes and over	5,100	2,810	2,290	9.9	10.2	9.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	51,380	27,630	23,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,830	2,625	1,205	7.5	9.5	5.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,030	4,895	3,135	15.6	17.7	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,980	5,760	5,225	21.4	20.8	22.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,015	4,965	5,055	19.5	18.0	21.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,275	4,405	4,865	18.1	15.9	20.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,245	4,985	4,265	18.0	18.0	18.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,375	13,145	12,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,135	585	550	4.5	4.5	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,240	12,560	11,680	95.5	95.5	95.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,360	10,070	9,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	945	490	460	4.9	4.9	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	670	330	340	3.5	3.3	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	280	160	115	1.4	1.6	1.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,410	9,580	8,830	95.1	95.1	95.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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