Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	DeltaMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,721	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	103,064	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,821	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,992	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	592.8	...	...	592.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	186.77	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,720	54,620	56,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,760	8,710	8,050	15.1	15.9	14.4
0 to 4 years	4,630	2,330	2,300	4.2	4.3	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,640	2,990	2,650	5.1	5.5	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,490	3,395	3,095	5.9	6.2	5.5
15 to 64 years	71,280	35,395	35,885	64.4	64.8	64.0
15 to 19 years	6,940	3,610	3,330	6.3	6.6	5.9
20 to 24 years	7,615	4,065	3,550	6.9	7.4	6.3
25 to 29 years	6,315	3,295	3,020	5.7	6.0	5.4
30 to 34 years	5,805	2,835	2,970	5.2	5.2	5.3
35 to 39 years	6,690	3,215	3,470	6.0	5.9	6.2
40 to 44 years	6,795	3,250	3,545	6.1	6.0	6.3
45 to 49 years	7,090	3,335	3,755	6.4	6.1	6.7
50 to 54 years	7,915	3,840	4,075	7.1	7.0	7.3
55 to 59 years	8,195	4,035	4,155	7.4	7.4	7.4
60 to 64 years	7,920	3,910	4,010	7.2	7.2	7.1
65 years and over	22,685	10,515	12,170	20.5	19.3	21.7
65 to 69 years	6,745	3,210	3,535	6.1	5.9	6.3
70 to 74 years	6,115	2,885	3,235	5.5	5.3	5.8
75 to 79 years	4,415	2,115	2,295	4.0	3.9	4.1
80 to 84 years	2,810	1,285	1,525	2.5	2.4	2.7
85 years and over	2,600	1,020	1,580	2.3	1.9	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,650	680	970	1.5	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	725	265	455	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	190	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.9	14.4	15.1	15.9	14.4
15 to 64 years	64.4	64.8	64.0	64.4	64.8	64.0
65 years and over	20.5	19.3	21.7	20.5	19.3	21.7
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.8	2.3	1.9	2.8
Average age of the population	42.9	41.9	43.9	42.9	41.9	43.9
Median age of the population	44.0	42.4	45.2	44.0	42.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,535	...	...	55.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,130	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	2,145	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,325	...	...	18.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,785	...	...	14.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	785	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,020	...	...	20.6	...	...
2 persons	12,445	...	...	31.9	...	...
3 persons	6,440	...	...	16.5	...	...
4 persons	6,970	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	5,110	...	...	13.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,965	45,915	48,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,775	28,280	28,495	60.4	61.6	59.3
Married	51,130	25,465	25,665	54.4	55.5	53.4
Living common-law	5,650	2,815	2,830	6.0	6.1	5.9
Living common law - Never married	3,680	1,855	1,825	3.9	4.0	3.8
Living common law - Separated	280	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,530	740	785	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	155	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	37,190	17,630	19,555	39.6	38.4	40.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,230	13,865	11,365	26.9	30.2	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,045	890	1,155	2.2	1.9	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,835	1,805	3,030	5.1	3.9	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,075	1,075	4,000	5.4	2.3	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,655	...	...	46.4	...	...
3 persons	6,890	...	...	21.8	...	...
4 persons	7,555	...	...	23.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,510	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,435	...	...	86.8	...	...
Married couples	24,610	...	...	77.9	...	...
With children⁶	14,210	...	...	45.0	...	...
Without children	10,405	...	...	32.9	...	...
Common-law couples	2,825	...	...	8.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,085	...	...	3.4	...	...
Without children	1,740	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,180	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,170	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,010	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,400	46,750	46,650	85.3	86.4	84.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,865	27,400	27,465	50.1	50.6	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,175	1,010	3,165	3.8	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	34,355	18,340	16,015	31.4	33.9	29.0
In a two-parent family	28,015	14,840	13,175	25.6	27.4	23.8
In a one-parent family	6,335	3,495	2,845	5.8	6.5	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,035	7,370	8,670	14.7	13.6	15.7
Living alone	8,025	3,420	4,605	7.3	6.3	8.3
Living with other relatives⁷	3,770	1,485	2,285	3.4	2.7	4.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,245	2,460	1,780	3.9	4.5	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,650	...	...	63.2	...	...
Couple-family households	21,755	...	...	55.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,980	...	...	30.7	...	...
Without children	9,775	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,895	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,695	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	470	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,660	...	...	4.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,495	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	8,025	...	...	20.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,680	45,415	47,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,430	43,840	45,590	96.5	96.5	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	37,200	42,400	50,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,475	43,860	45,610	96.5	96.6	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,085	40,470	40,620	87.5	89.1	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	29,600	36,800	46,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,440	33,255	31,195	69.5	73.2	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	32,400	39,200	48,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,975	33,480	39,490	78.7	73.7	83.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,800	10,500	9,700	8,800	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,155	2,915	4,245	7.7	6.4	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,080	5,480	5,480	5,080	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,370	11,580	12,795	26.3	25.5	27.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,675	45,380	47,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,325	43,800	45,525	96.4	96.5	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,700	65,100	46,680	55,700	65,100	46,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,360	43,820	45,540	96.4	96.6	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	53,450	40,400	46,800	53,450	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,925	40,380	40,545	87.3	89.0	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,650	62,000	41,320	51,650	62,000	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,445	33,125	31,315	69.5	73.0	66.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	60,700	41,800	51,500	60,700	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,025	33,650	39,370	78.8	74.2	83.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,920	10,300	11,450	10,920	10,300	11,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,025	2,835	4,190	7.6	6.2	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,295	5,360	6,930	6,295	5,360	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,075	11,565	12,510	26.0	25.5	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	8,890	9,120	9,010	8,890	9,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,675	45,380	47,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,670	17,080	12,590	32.0	37.6	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	74,500	59,600	68,000	74,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,900	87,800	69,200	79,900	87,800	69,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,915	11,805	14,105	28.0	26.0	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,800	17,800	19,200	21,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	34,040	25,520	29,400	34,040	25,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	87.8	78.8	84.0	87.8	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	70.6	61.6	66.8	70.6	61.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	12.2	21.2	16.0	12.2	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.4	0.9	0.5	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.8	5.4	4.4	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.4	3.6	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,685	45,410	47,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,255	1,575	1,680	3.5	3.5	3.6
With total income	89,425	43,835	45,595	96.5	96.5	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,535	3,785	4,750	9.5	8.6	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,225	4,185	6,040	11.4	9.5	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	12,830	5,275	7,555	14.3	12.0	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,660	4,575	6,085	11.9	10.4	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,495	4,155	5,335	10.6	9.5	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,010	3,740	4,270	9.0	8.5	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,380	3,395	2,985	7.1	7.7	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,055	2,855	2,200	5.7	6.5	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,890	2,320	1,565	4.4	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,220	1,840	1,385	3.6	4.2	3.0
$100,000 and over	11,135	7,715	3,420	12.5	17.6	7.5
$100,000 to $149,999	7,295	4,780	2,515	8.2	10.9	5.5
$150,000 and over	3,835	2,930	905	4.3	6.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,685	45,410	47,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,210	1,550	1,665	3.5	3.4	3.5
With after-tax income	89,470	43,860	45,610	96.5	96.6	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,920	3,905	5,010	10.0	8.9	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,605	4,340	6,270	11.9	9.9	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,425	6,020	8,405	16.1	13.7	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,390	5,350	7,040	13.8	12.2	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,960	4,980	5,975	12.2	11.4	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,655	4,500	4,150	9.7	10.3	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,385	3,610	2,775	7.1	8.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,800	2,815	1,990	5.4	6.4	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,500	2,125	1,370	3.9	4.8	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	1,565	875	2.7	3.6	1.9
$100,000 and over	6,390	4,655	1,740	7.1	10.6	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,220	2,230	995	3.6	5.1	2.2
$125,000 and over	3,175	2,430	745	3.5	5.5	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,685	45,410	47,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,240	12,160	16,085	30.5	26.8	34.0
With employment income	64,445	33,250	31,190	69.5	73.2	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,755	4,140	4,615	13.6	12.5	14.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,165	2,230	2,935	8.0	6.7	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,515	3,265	4,250	11.7	9.8	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,595	2,560	3,040	8.7	7.7	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,605	2,475	3,135	8.7	7.4	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,460	2,510	2,950	8.5	7.5	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,995	2,430	2,565	7.8	7.3	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,225	2,400	1,820	6.6	7.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,485	2,065	1,420	5.4	6.2	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	1,740	1,155	4.5	5.2	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	1,425	990	3.8	4.3	3.2
$100,000 and over	8,320	6,005	2,320	12.9	18.1	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,735	2,495	1,240	5.8	7.5	4.0
$125,000 and over	4,590	3,510	1,080	7.1	10.6	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,680	45,415	47,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,650	42,335	44,320	93.5	93.2	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,600	34,400	40,800	49,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,815	42,365	44,450	93.7	93.3	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	31,400	36,800	43,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,925	39,735	40,190	86.2	87.5	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,600	31,200	38,400	47,600	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,425	33,925	32,500	71.7	74.7	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,200	31,800	38,400	47,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,815	24,390	33,425	62.4	53.7	70.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	4,160	6,360	5,760	4,160	6,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,875	1,830	3,045	5.3	4.0	6.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,560	5,120	4,960	4,560	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,675	45,380	47,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,730	42,415	44,320	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	64,500	43,920	54,000	64,500	43,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,905	42,450	44,455	93.8	93.5	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,640	52,200	37,360	44,640	52,200	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,890	39,760	40,135	86.2	87.6	84.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,550	63,800	41,440	52,550	63,800	41,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,210	33,795	32,420	71.4	74.5	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	60,400	40,400	50,600	60,400	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,120	24,515	33,610	62.7	54.0	71.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,320	8,160	8,430	8,320	8,160	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,895	1,905	2,990	5.3	4.2	6.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,780	7,600	6,890	5,780	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,675	45,380	47,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,455	16,970	12,490	31.8	37.4	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	71,500	56,000	64,000	71,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,400	85,100	64,600	76,400	85,100	64,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,355	11,070	13,280	26.3	24.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,400	22,200	24,200	27,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	41,000	29,560	34,760	41,000	29,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.6	85.4	89.6	92.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	71.6	74.6	67.2	71.6	74.6	67.2
Government transfers (%)	10.3	7.3	14.6	10.3	7.3	14.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...	127,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,300	...	...	107,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,000	...	...	57,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,360	...	...	48,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	990	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	800	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	840	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,070	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,075	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,070	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,165	...	...	5.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,235	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,310	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,140	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,000	...	...	53.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,910	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,070	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,730	...	...	14.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,290	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	445	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,055	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	905	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,030	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,220	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,225	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,265	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,570	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,625	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,615	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,605	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,080	...	...	46.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,315	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,335	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,440	...	...	21.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	154,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,265	5,890	6,380	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,000	39,600	40,400	42,000	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,400	36,400	37,200	38,400	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,600	...	...	121,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,700	...	...	123,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...	103,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...	143,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,105	5,745	6,355	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,920	52,150	49,840	50,920	52,150	49,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,640	44,480	42,880	43,640	44,480	42,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,810	10,820	9,990	19.0	20.0	18.1
0 to 5 years	5,670	2,895	2,775	5.2	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years	66,930	33,130	33,800	61.2	61.2	61.1
65 years and over	21,695	10,170	11,525	19.8	18.8	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,660	3,545	4,115	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,720	880	840	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	440	220	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,075	1,940	2,135	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,860	725	1,140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.0	6.6	7.4	7.0	6.6	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.1	8.4	8.3	8.1	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.8	7.6	8.1	7.8	7.6	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	5.9	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.3
65 years and over (%)	8.6	7.1	9.9	8.6	7.1	9.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,405	10,615	9,795	19.0	20.0	18.1
0 to 5 years	5,520	2,820	2,700	5.1	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years	65,550	32,450	33,095	61.1	61.2	61.0
65 years and over	21,315	9,995	11,315	19.9	18.8	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,305	2,210	2,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	850	445	405	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	80	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,940	1,545	1,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	515	220	290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.2
65 years and over (%)	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,435	54,120	55,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,010	19,805	21,210	37.5	36.6	38.3
In bottom decile	7,485	3,645	3,835	6.8	6.7	6.9
In second decile	7,205	3,355	3,850	6.6	6.2	7.0
In third decile	7,930	3,825	4,110	7.2	7.1	7.4
In fourth decile	8,565	4,135	4,425	7.8	7.6	8.0
In fifth decile	9,825	4,840	4,985	9.0	8.9	9.0
In top half of the distribution	68,425	34,315	34,110	62.5	63.4	61.7
In sixth decile	11,065	5,530	5,540	10.1	10.2	10.0
In seventh decile	12,320	6,030	6,285	11.3	11.1	11.4
In eighth decile	13,530	6,725	6,810	12.4	12.4	12.3
In ninth decile	15,565	7,835	7,730	14.2	14.5	14.0
In top decile	15,935	8,190	7,745	14.6	15.1	14.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,435	...	...	109,435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,780	54,280	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	98,345	49,400	48,940	89.6	91.0	88.2
French only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,995	3,045	3,950	6.4	5.6	7.1
Neither English nor French	4,410	1,820	2,590	4.0	3.4	4.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,780	54,280	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,265	51,945	52,320	95.0	95.7	94.3
French	805	380	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	380	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	4,335	1,780	2,550	3.9	3.3	4.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,780	54,280	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,290	51,615	52,680	95.0	95.1	94.9
Official languages	67,560	33,940	33,620	61.5	62.5	60.6
English	66,770	33,565	33,205	60.8	61.8	59.8
French	795	380	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	36,735	17,670	19,060	33.5	32.6	34.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,715	17,660	19,050	33.4	32.5	34.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	605	315	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	510	265	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	110	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	245	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,960	805	1,160	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,605	650	955	1.5	1.2	1.7
Waray-Waray	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	535	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,780	12,180	12,600	22.6	22.4	22.7
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,345	605	740	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,320	595	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	430	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,770	820	945	1.6	1.5	1.7
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,110	515	595	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	1,085	500	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	440	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dutch	360	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	19,420	9,670	9,745	17.7	17.8	17.6
Indo-Aryan languages	19,045	9,465	9,575	17.3	17.4	17.3
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	2,000	970	1,030	1.8	1.8	1.9
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15,835	7,900	7,930	14.4	14.6	14.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	610	285	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	370	205	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	255	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	145	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	925	1,005	1.8	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	375	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,045	500	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	310	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	325	130	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,375	3,470	3,905	6.7	6.4	7.0
Chinese languages	7,335	3,450	3,885	6.7	6.4	7.0
Hakka	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	4,360	2,045	2,315	4.0	3.8	4.2
Min Dong	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	270	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,530	1,195	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,485	2,670	2,815	5.0	4.9	5.1
English and French	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,560	2,245	2,315	4.2	4.1	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	475	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,780	54,280	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,800	34,870	34,930	63.6	64.2	62.9
French	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	12,295	5,895	6,405	11.2	10.9	11.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,295	5,895	6,405	11.2	10.9	11.5
English and French	825	405	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	25,040	12,270	12,775	22.8	22.6	23.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	565	255	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	1,105	520	585	1.0	1.0	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,780	54,280	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,540	51,185	52,355	94.3	94.3	94.3
Official languages	80,320	39,830	40,480	73.2	73.4	72.9
English	80,115	39,745	40,370	73.0	73.2	72.7
French	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	23,220	11,350	11,870	21.2	20.9	21.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,220	11,350	11,870	21.2	20.9	21.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	950	430	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	800	365	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,455	7,655	7,795	14.1	14.1	14.0
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	470	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	465	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	13,880	6,870	7,005	12.6	12.7	12.6
Indo-Aryan languages	13,665	6,760	6,905	12.4	12.5	12.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,070	490	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,895	5,930	5,960	10.8	10.9	10.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	770	395	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	535	290	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,500	2,655	2,850	5.0	4.9	5.1
Chinese languages	5,475	2,640	2,835	5.0	4.9	5.1
Hakka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,485	1,670	1,820	3.2	3.1	3.3
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,715	835	880	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,235	3,095	3,145	5.7	5.7	5.7
English and French	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,925	2,940	2,985	5.4	5.4	5.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,780	54,280	55,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,215	43,335	43,885	79.4	79.8	79.1
English	8,335	4,170	4,170	7.6	7.7	7.5
French	780	370	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	10,205	4,800	5,410	9.3	8.8	9.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,190	4,795	5,395	9.3	8.8	9.7
English and French	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,615	830	790	1.5	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	305	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,245	605	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	104,980	52,275	52,705	95.9	96.6	95.3
English	104,945	52,260	52,685	95.9	96.6	95.2
French	6,995	3,010	3,985	6.4	5.6	7.2
Non-official languages	47,580	23,100	24,480	43.5	42.7	44.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,520	23,080	24,440	43.4	42.6	44.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,160	635	525	1.1	1.2	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	970	540	430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	755	430	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	405	170	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	330	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,075	1,345	1,735	2.8	2.5	3.1
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,745	1,185	1,560	2.5	2.2	2.8
Waray-Waray	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	675	365	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	390	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,955	16,280	16,675	30.1	30.1	30.1
Albanian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,660	730	930	1.5	1.3	1.7
Baltic languages	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,630	725	910	1.5	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	345	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	600	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	180	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	230	80	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,670	1,275	1,395	2.4	2.4	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,770	850	920	1.6	1.6	1.7
German	1,760	850	910	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	675	325	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	465	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	310	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	345	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	25,250	12,600	12,650	23.1	23.3	22.9
Indo-Aryan languages	24,895	12,415	12,480	22.7	22.9	22.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	8,100	4,015	4,080	7.4	7.4	7.4
Kacchi	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Marathi	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,840	10,455	10,380	19.0	19.3	18.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,460	720	735	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	480	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,555	1,760	1,795	3.2	3.3	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	635	330	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	455	195	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	200	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,425	1,260	1,160	2.2	2.3	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	535	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	345	145	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	195	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,685	4,120	4,560	7.9	7.6	8.2
Chinese languages	8,650	4,115	4,540	7.9	7.6	8.2
Hakka	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	6,370	3,035	3,330	5.8	5.6	6.0
Min Dong	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	500	245	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,545	1,665	1,880	3.2	3.1	3.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	175	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,450	1,575	1,875	3.2	2.9	3.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,265	1,515	1,750	3.0	2.8	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,905	865	1,045	1.7	1.6	1.9
Métis	1,325	635	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	105,985	52,545	53,440	96.8	97.1	96.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,160	495	665	1.1	0.9	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,280	53,625	54,650	98.9	99.1	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,500	...	...	75.7	...	...
Renter	9,445	...	...	24.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,785	...	...	14.8	...	...
Not condominium	33,210	...	...	85.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,680	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,455	...	...	19.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,360	...	...	31.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,310	...	...	39.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,380	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,800	...	...	12.3	...	...
6 rooms	5,310	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,170	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,340	...	...	36.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,675	...	...	96.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,315	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,505	...	...	93.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,485	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,690	...	...	6.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,765	...	...	45.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,380	...	...	16.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,505	...	...	11.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	950	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,490	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,745	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,455	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,020	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,970	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,885	...	...	40.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,705	...	...	50.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,405	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	755	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,225	...	...	8.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,090	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,755	...	...	19.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,925	...	...	22.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,885	...	...	17.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,125	...	...	10.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,230	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,605	...	...	78.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,255	...	...	21.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,320	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,615	...	...	29.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,295	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,930	...	...	4.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,315	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	415	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,380	...	...	70.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,155	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not in core need	32,770	...	...	88.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,802	...	...	1,802	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,190,000	...	...	1,190,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,171,000	...	...	1,171,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	444	...	...	444	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	780	...	...	780	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,435	54,120	55,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	850	380	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	825	370	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	595	260	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Métis single ancestry	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,950	1,385	1,565	2.7	2.6	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,875	1,360	1,510	2.6	2.5	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	925	1,025	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	910	430	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,640	52,350	53,285	96.5	96.7	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,440	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	95,710	47,335	48,380	87.5	87.5	87.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,395	9,985	9,405	17.7	18.4	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,320	37,345	38,970	69.7	69.0	70.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,725	6,785	6,940	12.5	12.5	12.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,440	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	69,410	34,635	34,780	63.4	64.0	62.9
Immigrants⁸¹	36,160	17,470	18,685	33.0	32.3	33.8
Before 1980	7,390	3,645	3,745	6.8	6.7	6.8
1980 to 1990	3,990	1,865	2,120	3.6	3.4	3.8
1991 to 2000	8,160	3,910	4,250	7.5	7.2	7.7
2001 to 2010	8,480	4,085	4,390	7.7	7.5	7.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,130	3,955	4,180	7.4	7.3	7.6
2011 to 2015	3,695	1,790	1,900	3.4	3.3	3.4
2016 to 2021	4,440	2,165	2,275	4.1	4.0	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,865	2,015	1,850	3.5	3.7	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	36,160	17,470	18,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,770	1,425	1,340	7.7	8.2	7.2
5 to 14 years	5,290	2,805	2,490	14.6	16.1	13.3
15 to 24 years	8,375	3,815	4,555	23.2	21.8	24.4
25 to 44 years	15,105	7,285	7,825	41.8	41.7	41.9
45 years and over	4,620	2,140	2,485	12.8	12.2	13.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	36,160	17,470	18,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,310	1,100	1,215	6.4	6.3	6.5
Brazil	90	45	50	0.2	0.3	0.3
Colombia	115	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
El Salvador	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	975	465	505	2.7	2.7	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	560	275	290	1.5	1.6	1.6
Europe	6,625	3,305	3,320	18.3	18.9	17.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	90	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	675	365	305	1.9	2.1	1.6
Greece	160	110	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
Hungary	60	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italy	215	120	90	0.6	0.7	0.5
Netherlands	340	195	145	0.9	1.1	0.8
Poland	265	125	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portugal	165	75	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	170	75	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	225	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,010	1,470	1,540	8.3	8.4	8.2
Other places of birth in Europe	930	420	505	2.6	2.4	2.7
Africa	1,130	590	540	3.1	3.4	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	95	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	375	200	175	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	455	245	210	1.3	1.4	1.1
Asia	24,625	11,760	12,865	68.1	67.3	68.9
Afghanistan	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	130	75	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iraq	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	260	150	115	0.7	0.9	0.6
Turkey	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	3,940	1,840	2,105	10.9	10.5	11.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,155	565	590	3.2	3.2	3.2
Korea, South⁹²	200	75	125	0.6	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	1,110	500	610	3.1	2.9	3.3
Philippines	2,740	1,190	1,545	7.6	6.8	8.3
Viet Nam	240	105	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bangladesh	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	12,395	6,100	6,300	34.3	34.9	33.7
Pakistan	775	405	370	2.1	2.3	2.0
Sri Lanka	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,140	485	655	3.2	2.8	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,465	710	750	4.1	4.1	4.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,440	2,165	2,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	290	120	170	6.5	5.5	7.5
Brazil	40	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
United States of America	140	50	85	3.2	2.3	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	20	0.9	1.2	0.9
Europe	240	120	120	5.4	5.5	5.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	10	20	0.7	0.5	0.9
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	55	25	1.8	2.5	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	65	15	50	1.5	0.7	2.2
Africa	200	100	95	4.5	4.6	4.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
Somalia	70	30	40	1.6	1.4	1.8
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	25	0.8	0.7	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	30	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
Asia	3,660	1,800	1,860	82.4	83.1	81.8
Afghanistan	40	20	25	0.9	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	580	265	315	13.1	12.2	13.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	30	20	1.2	1.4	0.9
India	2,030	1,015	1,010	45.7	46.9	44.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	95	50	40	2.1	2.3	1.8
Philippines	350	135	210	7.9	6.2	9.2
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	240	140	100	5.4	6.5	4.4
Turkey	70	35	30	1.6	1.6	1.3
United Arab Emirates	50	30	20	1.1	1.4	0.9
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	70	30	45	1.6	1.4	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	50	25	25	1.1	1.2	1.1
Australia	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	10	20	0.8	0.5	0.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	41,300	20,050	21,245	37.7	37.0	38.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,500	14,110	14,380	26.0	26.1	26.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,645	19,955	19,690	36.2	36.9	35.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,765	13,820	14,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,920	7,040	6,880	48.4	50.9	46.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,860	3,530	2,335	20.4	25.5	15.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,060	3,515	4,545	28.0	25.4	30.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,490	5,530	6,960	43.4	40.0	46.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,120	1,125	1,000	7.4	8.1	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	235	130	105	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,765	13,820	14,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	745	455	290	2.6	3.3	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,495	1,125	1,370	8.7	8.1	9.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	635	335	295	2.2	2.4	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,470	780	695	5.1	5.6	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	60	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	23,315	11,070	12,245	81.1	80.1	82.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	49,405	24,255	25,150	45.1	44.8	45.5
South Asian	28,100	14,225	13,870	25.7	26.3	25.1
Chinese	10,020	4,775	5,250	9.2	8.8	9.5
Black	1,120	610	515	1.0	1.1	0.9
Filipino	3,765	1,690	2,075	3.4	3.1	3.8
Arab	665	365	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Latin American	1,060	465	595	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	760	340	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
West Asian	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	445	185	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Japanese	980	435	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	605	290	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	1,600	730	870	1.5	1.3	1.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	60,030	29,865	30,170	54.9	55.2	54.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,440	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,140	4,595	4,545	8.4	8.5	8.2
English	21,815	10,970	10,850	19.9	20.3	19.6
Irish	12,740	6,160	6,580	11.6	11.4	11.9
Scottish	16,375	8,185	8,190	15.0	15.1	14.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,470	2,590	2,885	5.0	4.8	5.2
German	9,810	4,985	4,825	9.0	9.2	8.7
Chinese	9,420	4,450	4,975	8.6	8.2	9.0
Italian	3,270	1,665	1,605	3.0	3.1	2.9
Indian (India)	15,685	7,870	7,810	14.3	14.5	14.1
Ukrainian	3,800	1,825	1,970	3.5	3.4	3.6
Dutch	3,900	1,965	1,940	3.6	3.6	3.5
Polish	2,690	1,310	1,375	2.5	2.4	2.5
Québécois	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,450	2,080	2,365	4.1	3.8	4.3
Filipino	4,000	1,810	2,190	3.7	3.3	4.0
French Canadian	575	265	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,245	610	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,245	590	655	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	1,220	565	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,870	935	930	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	2,040	970	1,065	1.9	1.8	1.9
Norwegian	2,730	1,325	1,400	2.5	2.4	2.5
Welsh	2,345	1,175	1,170	2.1	2.2	2.1
Portuguese	940	445	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
American	1,455	665	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
Spanish	1,035	500	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	2,070	970	1,100	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hungarian	970	470	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,015	505	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	670	310	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Punjabi	6,065	3,135	2,930	5.5	5.8	5.3
Vietnamese	485	245	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	715	380	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	265	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	990	450	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	290	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	470	200	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	620	285	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	215	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,140	545	595	1.0	1.0	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	4,800	2,460	2,340	4.4	4.5	4.2
Austrian	895	440	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgian	340	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	965	490	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexican	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	290	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	445	240	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	705	340	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	560	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,280	590	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	855	425	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	505	235	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	555	275	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	240	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	470	210	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ontarian	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	135	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	960	505	455	0.9	0.9	0.8
Iraqi	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	340	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	130	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	325	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	520	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	155	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	1,295	645	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jatt	635	350	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,435	54,120	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,480	585	890	1.4	1.1	1.6
Christian	35,745	16,470	19,280	32.7	30.4	34.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,795	3,645	4,150	7.1	6.7	7.5
Anabaptist	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	3,850	1,755	2,090	3.5	3.2	3.8
Baptist	1,545	735	805	1.4	1.4	1.5
Catholic	13,185	6,120	7,065	12.0	11.3	12.8
Christian Orthodox	915	440	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	370	140	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,185	510	680	1.1	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	435	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	470	250	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Reformed	160	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	3,170	1,310	1,865	2.9	2.4	3.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,915	880	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.9
Hindu	4,230	2,220	2,005	3.9	4.1	3.6
Jewish	505	225	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	3,370	1,680	1,690	3.1	3.1	3.1
Sikh	19,270	9,665	9,600	17.6	17.9	17.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	630	250	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	44,170	23,005	21,165	40.4	42.5	38.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,650	53,725	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,580	47,270	48,310	88.0	88.0	88.0
Movers	13,075	6,455	6,620	12.0	12.0	12.1
Non-migrants	6,365	3,085	3,280	5.9	5.7	6.0
Migrants	6,705	3,370	3,335	6.2	6.3	6.1
Internal migrants	5,650	2,830	2,820	5.2	5.3	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,005	2,520	2,490	4.6	4.7	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	1,055	540	515	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,870	51,865	53,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,125	31,965	33,155	62.1	61.6	62.6
Movers	39,745	19,900	19,845	37.9	38.4	37.4
Non-migrants	12,890	6,395	6,495	12.3	12.3	12.3
Migrants	26,860	13,505	13,355	25.6	26.0	25.2
Internal migrants	20,330	10,200	10,130	19.4	19.7	19.1
Intraprovincial migrants	18,020	9,040	8,980	17.2	17.4	16.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,310	1,160	1,150	2.2	2.2	2.2
External migrants	6,530	3,300	3,225	6.2	6.4	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,675	45,380	47,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,625	6,920	6,710	14.7	15.2	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,045	38,465	40,585	85.3	84.8	85.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,455	27,660	28,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,940	2,765	2,175	8.8	10.0	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,525	24,895	26,625	91.3	90.0	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,675	45,385	47,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,460	6,150	6,310	13.4	13.6	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,835	14,655	15,180	32.2	32.3	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,380	24,580	25,800	54.4	54.2	54.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,230	13,510	12,720	28.3	29.8	26.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,355	4,910	1,445	6.9	10.8	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,680	1,670	1,015	2.9	3.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,675	3,235	435	4.0	7.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,100	7,000	9,100	17.4	15.4	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,775	1,600	2,170	4.1	3.5	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,150	11,070	13,080	26.1	24.4	27.7
Bachelor's degree	15,800	7,170	8,625	17.0	15.8	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,895	665	1,230	2.0	1.5	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	250	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	5,380	2,605	2,775	5.8	5.7	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	620	375	250	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,460	27,660	28,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,245	2,315	1,930	7.5	8.4	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,825	8,190	7,630	28.0	29.6	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,390	17,150	19,235	64.5	62.0	66.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,825	9,070	8,760	31.6	32.8	30.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,280	3,345	940	7.6	12.1	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,890	1,200	695	3.3	4.3	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,385	2,145	240	4.2	7.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,060	4,725	6,340	19.6	17.1	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,485	1,000	1,485	4.4	3.6	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,560	8,080	10,475	32.9	29.2	36.4
Bachelor's degree	12,150	5,335	6,815	21.5	19.3	23.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,400	455	950	2.5	1.6	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	135	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	4,285	1,940	2,350	7.6	7.0	8.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	425	225	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,675	45,385	47,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,295	20,805	21,495	45.6	45.8	45.4
Education	3,775	845	2,930	4.1	1.9	6.2
13. Education	3,775	845	2,930	4.1	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,975	935	1,045	2.1	2.1	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	285	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,595	650	950	1.7	1.4	2.0
Humanities	3,720	1,385	2,335	4.0	3.1	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	90	315	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	750	195	550	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,740	705	1,035	1.9	1.6	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	135	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	315	160	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,770	2,100	3,670	6.2	4.6	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	610	220	390	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	70	715	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	840	285	550	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,060	310	745	1.1	0.7	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,300	1,135	1,165	2.5	2.5	2.5
Business, management and public administration	10,820	4,960	5,855	11.7	10.9	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	115	325	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,360	4,845	5,520	11.2	10.7	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,140	1,120	1,020	2.3	2.5	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	810	385	425	0.9	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	705	340	365	0.8	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	520	365	150	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,160	1,310	845	2.3	2.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,770	1,125	650	1.9	2.5	1.4
25. Library science	95	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	260	155	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,595	8,730	865	10.4	19.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	310	195	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,515	2,045	470	2.7	4.5	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,895	1,730	165	2.0	3.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,175	2,120	55	2.3	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,730	1,690	45	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	965	955	10	1.0	2.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	430	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	555	250	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	180	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	7,010	1,365	5,650	7.6	3.0	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	660	345	315	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,235	960	5,280	6.7	2.1	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,580	1,395	1,185	2.8	3.1	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,475	440	1,030	1.6	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	280	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	725	650	80	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,460	27,660	28,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,070	10,510	9,565	35.5	38.0	33.2
Education	2,400	470	1,930	4.3	1.7	6.7
13. Education	2,400	470	1,930	4.3	1.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,435	655	780	2.5	2.4	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	170	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	485	705	2.1	1.8	2.4
Humanities	2,620	925	1,690	4.6	3.3	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	55	245	0.5	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	580	150	430	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,180	430	740	2.1	1.6	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	205	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,415	1,520	2,895	7.8	5.5	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	530	190	340	0.9	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	575	45	530	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	650	180	470	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	770	220	550	1.4	0.8	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,765	840	930	3.1	3.0	3.2
Business, management and public administration	7,930	3,480	4,450	14.0	12.6	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	65	240	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,615	3,410	4,200	13.5	12.3	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,420	680	740	2.5	2.5	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	535	235	310	0.9	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	240	260	0.9	0.9	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	310	185	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,745	1,080	670	3.1	3.9	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,510	965	545	2.7	3.5	1.9
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,780	6,025	755	12.0	21.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	215	120	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,865	1,445	420	3.3	5.2	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,285	1,130	150	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,585	45	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,170	1,135	35	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	615	605	10	1.1	2.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	310	310	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	160	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	155	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	5,175	1,030	4,150	9.2	3.7	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	260	225	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,635	750	3,890	8.2	2.7	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,835	980	855	3.3	3.5	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,040	310	730	1.8	1.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	205	65	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	440	55	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,460	27,660	28,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,070	10,510	9,565	35.5	38.0	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,385	17,155	19,235	64.4	62.0	66.8
Location of study inside Canada	26,225	12,370	13,855	46.4	44.7	48.1
Same as province or territory of residence	22,555	10,585	11,965	39.9	38.3	41.6
Different than province or territory of residence	3,670	1,790	1,885	6.5	6.5	6.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,165	4,785	5,380	18.0	17.3	18.7
Americas	1,190	590	600	2.1	2.1	2.1
United States of America	950	485	465	1.7	1.8	1.6
Mexico	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,485	830	655	2.6	3.0	2.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	90	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	705	410	290	1.2	1.5	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	205	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	6,995	3,110	3,885	12.4	11.2	13.5
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,350	585	760	2.4	2.1	2.6
Taiwan	260	100	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japan	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,105	415	690	2.0	1.5	2.4
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	3,460	1,655	1,805	6.1	6.0	6.3
Pakistan	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	280	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,675	45,385	47,295	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,210	30,995	28,210	...	...	...
Employed	54,865	28,905	25,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,340	2,090	2,250	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,470	14,385	19,080	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.9	68.3	59.6	63.9	68.3	59.6
Employment rate	59.2	63.7	54.9	59.2	63.7	54.9
Unemployment rate	7.3	6.7	8.0	7.3	6.7	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,675	45,385	47,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,380	14,945	19,430	37.1	32.9	41.1
Worked	58,295	30,435	27,860	62.9	67.1	58.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,540	17,690	12,850	33.0	39.0	27.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,755	12,750	15,010	29.9	28.1	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.4	39.9	41.2	42.4	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,205	30,990	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,115	540	575	1.9	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,085	30,455	27,635	98.1	98.3	98.0
Employee	48,725	24,250	24,475	82.3	78.3	86.8
Permanent position	41,310	21,080	20,230	69.8	68.0	71.7
Temporary position	7,420	3,170	4,250	12.5	10.2	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,230	985	1,250	3.8	3.2	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,190	2,190	3,005	8.8	7.1	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,360	6,205	3,155	15.8	20.0	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,205	30,990	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,115	540	575	1.9	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,085	30,455	27,635	98.1	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	775	625	150	1.3	2.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,425	3,200	7,230	17.6	10.3	25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,930	3,055	875	6.6	9.9	3.1
3 Health occupations	3,805	655	3,150	6.4	2.1	11.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,725	2,210	4,515	11.4	7.1	16.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,010	990	1,020	3.4	3.2	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	14,370	6,055	8,315	24.3	19.5	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,765	11,435	1,325	21.6	36.9	4.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,215	850	360	2.1	2.7	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,070	1,380	695	3.5	4.5	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,205	30,990	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,115	540	575	1.9	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	58,085	30,455	27,635	98.1	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	805	430	380	1.4	1.4	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	115	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	325	220	110	0.5	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	5,540	4,705	835	9.4	15.2	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,995	2,735	1,260	6.7	8.8	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,185	1,430	760	3.7	4.6	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,665	3,115	3,550	11.3	10.1	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,710	4,320	1,385	9.6	13.9	4.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,340	850	490	2.3	2.7	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,465	1,020	1,450	4.2	3.3	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,115	695	420	1.9	2.2	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,685	2,635	2,045	7.9	8.5	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,490	1,475	1,020	4.2	4.8	3.6
61 Educational services	4,575	1,285	3,295	7.7	4.1	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	6,085	1,060	5,025	10.3	3.4	17.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,295	710	590	2.2	2.3	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,285	1,055	2,230	5.5	3.4	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,285	1,020	1,260	3.9	3.3	4.5
91 Public administration	2,995	1,545	1,445	5.1	5.0	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,315	32,935	30,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,555	29,335	27,220	89.3	89.1	89.6
French	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	1,280	765	515	2.0	2.3	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,280	765	515	2.0	2.3	1.7
English and French	365	115	250	0.6	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	4,925	2,650	2,275	7.8	8.0	7.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,315	32,935	30,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,035	32,315	29,715	98.0	98.1	97.8
Official languages	59,735	30,945	28,795	94.3	94.0	94.8
English	59,630	30,915	28,710	94.2	93.9	94.5
French	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	2,295	1,370	925	3.6	4.2	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,295	1,370	925	3.6	4.2	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,465	955	505	2.3	2.9	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,420	940	480	2.2	2.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	930	475	2.2	2.8	1.6
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,355	905	455	2.1	2.7	1.5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	725	380	345	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	720	380	345	1.1	1.2	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	520	275	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,280	620	660	2.0	1.9	2.2
English and French	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,220	595	620	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,315	32,935	30,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,980	30,650	28,330	93.2	93.1	93.3
English	885	520	370	1.4	1.6	1.2
French	310	100	205	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	2,445	1,320	1,120	3.9	4.0	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,445	1,320	1,120	3.9	4.0	3.7
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	540	265	275	0.9	0.8	0.9
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,865	28,905	25,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,755	5,115	5,640	19.6	17.7	21.7
Worked outside Canada	205	120	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	9,360	7,090	2,270	17.1	24.5	8.7
Usual place of work	34,540	16,575	17,970	63.0	57.3	69.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,545	16,575	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,215	5,425	6,790	35.4	32.7	37.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,870	10,865	11,005	63.3	65.6	61.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	395	255	140	1.1	1.5	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,905	23,665	20,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,885	20,765	16,125	84.0	87.7	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,885	19,445	14,440	77.2	82.2	71.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,000	1,320	1,690	6.8	5.6	8.3
Public transit	4,075	1,565	2,515	9.3	6.6	12.4
Walked	1,600	570	1,035	3.6	2.4	5.1
Bicycle	430	305	125	1.0	1.3	0.6
Other method	910	465	445	2.1	2.0	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,905	23,665	20,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,950	4,290	5,655	22.7	18.1	27.9
15 to 29 minutes	14,435	7,975	6,465	32.9	33.7	31.9
30 to 44 minutes	12,035	7,065	4,970	27.4	29.9	24.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,170	2,560	1,610	9.5	10.8	8.0
60 minutes and over	3,310	1,765	1,545	7.5	7.5	7.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,905	23,665	20,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,530	2,515	1,015	8.0	10.6	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,795	5,050	2,750	17.8	21.3	13.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,885	5,200	4,680	22.5	22.0	23.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,485	3,835	4,650	19.3	16.2	23.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,900	3,015	3,890	15.7	12.7	19.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,305	4,045	3,255	16.6	17.1	16.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,340	11,090	10,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,235	640	595	5.8	5.8	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,105	10,450	9,660	94.2	94.2	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,365	8,570	7,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,025	535	485	6.3	6.2	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	275	285	3.5	3.2	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	260	205	2.8	3.0	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,340	8,035	7,310	93.7	93.8	93.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table