Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cowichan--Malahat--LangfordMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	124,247	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,052	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	55,030	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,410	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	27.3	...	...	27.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,553.56	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	124,245	60,805	63,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,200	9,685	9,515	15.5	15.9	15.0
0 to 4 years	5,800	2,860	2,945	4.7	4.7	4.6
5 to 9 years	6,755	3,425	3,325	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	6,645	3,405	3,245	5.3	5.6	5.1
15 to 64 years	77,895	38,290	39,605	62.7	63.0	62.4
15 to 19 years	6,190	3,220	2,970	5.0	5.3	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,745	3,030	2,715	4.6	5.0	4.3
25 to 29 years	6,815	3,410	3,405	5.5	5.6	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,050	3,935	4,115	6.5	6.5	6.5
35 to 39 years	8,690	4,230	4,460	7.0	7.0	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,995	3,965	4,030	6.4	6.5	6.4
45 to 49 years	7,580	3,680	3,900	6.1	6.1	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,865	3,790	4,075	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 to 59 years	9,275	4,405	4,875	7.5	7.2	7.7
60 to 64 years	9,695	4,620	5,080	7.8	7.6	8.0
65 years and over	27,145	12,830	14,315	21.8	21.1	22.6
65 to 69 years	8,980	4,235	4,750	7.2	7.0	7.5
70 to 74 years	7,675	3,780	3,895	6.2	6.2	6.1
75 to 79 years	4,730	2,235	2,490	3.8	3.7	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,965	1,405	1,560	2.4	2.3	2.5
85 years and over	2,790	1,170	1,615	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,740	815	930	1.4	1.3	1.5
90 to 94 years	820	300	525	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	200	60	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	15.9	15.0	15.5	15.9	15.0
15 to 64 years	62.7	63.0	62.4	62.7	63.0	62.4
65 years and over	21.8	21.1	22.6	21.8	21.1	22.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.9	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.5
Average age of the population	43.7	43.0	44.4	43.7	43.0	44.4
Median age of the population	44.8	43.6	45.6	44.8	43.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,140	...	...	58.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,195	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	2,385	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,865	...	...	11.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,910	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,335	...	...	2.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,395	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,825	...	...	26.9	...	...
2 persons	20,130	...	...	39.2	...	...
3 persons	7,575	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	6,170	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,705	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,375	59,930	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,045	51,125	53,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,120	31,510	31,610	60.1	61.6	58.6
Married	49,445	24,695	24,745	47.1	48.3	45.9
Living common-law	13,675	6,815	6,865	13.0	13.3	12.7
Living common law - Never married	9,435	4,745	4,690	9.0	9.3	8.7
Living common law - Separated	635	335	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,215	1,570	1,650	3.1	3.1	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	395	170	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	41,925	19,615	22,315	39.9	38.4	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,220	13,905	11,320	24.0	27.2	21.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,115	1,290	1,825	3.0	2.5	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,100	3,175	4,925	7.7	6.2	9.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,490	1,245	4,245	5.2	2.4	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,555	...	...	58.9	...	...
3 persons	7,155	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	5,780	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,085	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,875	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	24,040	...	...	65.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,555	...	...	28.9	...	...
Without children	13,485	...	...	36.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,835	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,420	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	4,420	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,700	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,215	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,480	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	122,370	59,930	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,865	48,970	49,890	80.8	81.7	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,755	30,810	30,940	50.5	51.4	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,700	1,485	4,220	4.7	2.5	6.8
Children⁶	31,405	16,680	14,725	25.7	27.8	23.6
In a two-parent family	22,895	12,015	10,880	18.7	20.0	17.4
In a one-parent family	8,515	4,665	3,850	7.0	7.8	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,510	10,960	12,550	19.2	18.3	20.1
Living alone	13,825	6,065	7,765	11.3	10.1	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,315	1,415	1,895	2.7	2.4	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	6,375	3,485	2,885	5.2	5.8	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,730	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	26,640	...	...	51.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,040	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	15,600	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,090	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,505	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	525	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,445	...	...	4.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,380	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	13,825	...	...	26.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,230	50,275	52,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,645	49,015	51,630	97.5	97.5	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	37,600	42,400	49,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,735	49,060	51,680	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,920	44,845	46,075	88.1	89.2	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	28,800	36,000	44,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,215	35,435	34,775	68.0	70.5	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	32,400	39,200	47,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,115	38,705	45,405	81.5	77.0	85.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	9,900	11,500	10,900	9,900	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,800	4,180	4,625	8.5	8.3	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,360	5,480	5,480	5,360	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,470	11,330	13,140	23.7	22.5	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,150	50,220	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,550	48,945	51,600	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	58,750	44,600	51,500	58,750	44,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,620	48,990	51,630	97.5	97.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	49,520	39,280	44,280	49,520	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,960	44,780	46,185	88.2	89.2	87.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	54,800	38,080	46,320	54,800	38,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,145	35,615	34,530	68.0	70.9	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,920	54,400	39,240	46,920	54,400	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,860	38,555	45,305	81.3	76.8	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,510	10,910	12,010	11,510	10,910	12,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,715	4,090	4,630	8.4	8.1	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,470	5,760	7,100	6,470	5,760	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,240	11,040	13,200	23.5	22.0	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	8,470	9,000	8,760	8,470	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,150	50,225	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,810	18,415	14,390	31.8	36.7	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,500	55,600	62,000	68,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	76,000	61,300	69,600	76,000	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,315	12,700	15,625	27.5	25.3	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	24,200	18,400	20,800	24,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	35,360	25,500	29,920	35,360	25,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	85.4	76.4	81.4	85.4	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6	67.4	58.8	63.6	67.4	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	14.6	23.6	18.6	14.6	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.0	6.7	5.2	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.2	4.1	3.3	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,230	50,275	52,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,580	1,260	1,320	2.5	2.5	2.5
With total income	100,645	49,015	51,630	97.5	97.5	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,990	3,520	4,475	7.9	7.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,375	4,475	6,900	11.3	9.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,590	5,915	8,675	14.5	12.1	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,220	5,765	7,455	13.1	11.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,815	5,355	6,455	11.7	10.9	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,100	4,780	5,320	10.0	9.8	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,900	4,230	3,675	7.8	8.6	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,090	3,510	2,580	6.1	7.2	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,660	2,835	1,825	4.6	5.8	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,585	2,220	1,360	3.6	4.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,325	6,415	2,910	9.3	13.1	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,830	4,605	2,230	6.8	9.4	4.3
$150,000 and over	2,495	1,810	680	2.5	3.7	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,230	50,275	52,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,490	1,220	1,275	2.4	2.4	2.4
With after-tax income	100,735	49,060	51,675	97.6	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,405	3,645	4,760	8.3	7.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,860	4,660	7,205	11.8	9.5	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	16,555	6,795	9,760	16.4	13.9	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,335	6,875	8,460	15.2	14.0	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,680	6,300	7,380	13.6	12.8	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,760	5,660	5,100	10.7	11.5	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,780	4,440	3,340	7.7	9.1	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,630	3,450	2,180	5.6	7.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,735	2,375	1,355	3.7	4.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,585	805	2.4	3.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,590	3,260	1,330	4.6	6.6	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,640	1,845	790	2.6	3.8	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,950	1,410	540	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,230	50,275	52,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	33,015	14,845	18,175	32.0	29.5	34.3
With employment income	70,210	35,435	34,780	68.0	70.5	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,465	4,275	5,185	13.5	12.1	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,035	2,075	2,960	7.2	5.9	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,000	3,335	4,665	11.4	9.4	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,630	2,925	3,705	9.4	8.3	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,550	2,985	3,565	9.3	8.4	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,600	3,050	3,555	9.4	8.6	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,090	2,915	3,180	8.7	8.2	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,095	2,875	2,220	7.3	8.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,160	2,515	1,650	5.9	7.1	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,470	2,160	1,310	4.9	6.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	1,770	1,010	4.0	5.0	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,345	4,565	1,785	9.0	12.9	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,425	2,360	1,070	4.9	6.7	3.1
$125,000 and over	2,925	2,210	715	4.2	6.2	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,230	50,275	52,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,180	47,705	50,475	95.1	94.9	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	34,400	40,400	48,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,410	47,745	50,670	95.3	95.0	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,400	36,400	42,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,155	44,395	45,760	87.3	88.3	86.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,600	30,200	36,800	45,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,705	37,190	36,510	71.4	74.0	69.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,600	31,200	37,200	45,600	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,045	29,255	38,790	65.9	58.2	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,800	8,200	8,400	8,800	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,905	3,155	3,750	6.7	6.3	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,720	5,520	5,080	4,720	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,150	50,220	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,130	47,635	50,495	95.1	94.9	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,720	58,400	41,520	49,720	58,400	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,290	47,655	50,635	95.3	94.9	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	48,320	36,000	41,960	48,320	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,140	44,345	45,795	87.4	88.3	86.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,960	56,400	37,800	46,960	56,400	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,805	37,360	36,445	71.6	74.4	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	53,250	37,160	45,280	53,250	37,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,945	29,070	38,875	65.9	57.9	73.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,480	9,610	9,380	9,480	9,610	9,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,895	3,050	3,845	6.7	6.1	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,980	7,370	6,750	5,980	7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,150	50,225	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,500	18,215	14,290	31.5	36.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	66,500	51,600	58,800	66,500	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	73,500	56,250	65,900	73,500	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,940	12,030	14,905	26.1	24.0	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	32,800	23,200	26,800	32,800	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,640	43,120	29,600	35,640	43,120	29,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	90.0	82.6	86.8	90.0	82.6
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.4	64.6	68.6	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)	13.2	10.0	17.4	13.2	10.0	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,160	...	...	51,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	...	...	44,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	890	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,850	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,440	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,585	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,840	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,025	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,905	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,920	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,805	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,625	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,300	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,025	...	...	40.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,510	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,855	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,615	...	...	10.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,050	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	950	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,680	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,810	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,205	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,285	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,275	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,455	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,425	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,130	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,770	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,340	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,005	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,660	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,365	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,980	...	...	11.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,200	9,545	10,650	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,400	38,400	40,400	42,400	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,400	35,600	36,800	38,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...	100,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,400	...	...	148,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,055	9,445	10,615	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,920	50,000	46,080	47,920	50,000	46,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	43,120	40,760	41,880	43,120	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	122,370	59,935	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,935	11,650	11,285	18.7	19.4	18.1
0 to 5 years	7,110	3,495	3,620	5.8	5.8	5.8
18 to 64 years	73,415	35,885	37,530	60.0	59.9	60.1
65 years and over	26,020	12,400	13,620	21.3	20.7	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,240	5,125	6,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,490	1,250	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	775	380	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,865	2,740	3,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,885	1,140	1,750	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	8.6	9.8	9.2	8.6	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	10.7	10.9	10.9	10.7	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.6	8.3	8.0	7.6	8.3
65 years and over (%)	11.1	9.2	12.8	11.1	9.2	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,675	57,990	60,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,840	11,055	10,785	18.4	19.1	17.8
0 to 5 years	6,785	3,355	3,435	5.7	5.8	5.7
18 to 64 years	71,140	34,700	36,440	59.9	59.8	60.0
65 years and over	25,695	12,230	13,460	21.7	21.1	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,620	1,805	1,810	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	735	350	390	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	90	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,560	1,320	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	135	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	122,370	59,930	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	58,210	27,790	30,415	47.6	46.4	48.7
In bottom decile	10,960	5,155	5,805	9.0	8.6	9.3
In second decile	11,160	5,100	6,055	9.1	8.5	9.7
In third decile	11,505	5,495	6,005	9.4	9.2	9.6
In fourth decile	11,920	5,755	6,165	9.7	9.6	9.9
In fifth decile	12,660	6,280	6,380	10.3	10.5	10.2
In top half of the distribution	64,160	32,140	32,020	52.4	53.6	51.3
In sixth decile	13,115	6,460	6,655	10.7	10.8	10.7
In seventh decile	13,475	6,725	6,755	11.0	11.2	10.8
In eighth decile	13,495	6,745	6,745	11.0	11.3	10.8
In ninth decile	13,465	6,820	6,645	11.0	11.4	10.6
In top decile	10,610	5,395	5,215	8.7	9.0	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	122,370	...	...	122,370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	123,490	60,495	62,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	114,760	56,605	58,155	92.9	93.6	92.3
French only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,185	3,660	4,530	6.6	6.1	7.2
Neither English nor French	500	215	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	123,490	60,495	62,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	121,335	59,460	61,870	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	1,510	775	740	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	465	190	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	123,490	60,495	62,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,140	59,410	61,730	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	110,810	54,725	56,085	89.7	90.5	89.0
English	109,215	53,900	55,320	88.4	89.1	87.8
French	1,595	825	770	1.3	1.4	1.2
Non-official languages	10,335	4,690	5,645	8.4	7.8	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,225	4,640	5,585	8.3	7.7	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	305	160	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	260	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,135	445	695	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	370	565	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,165	2,880	3,290	5.0	4.8	5.2
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	985	455	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	960	440	515	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,960	890	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.7
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,020	455	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	990	445	550	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	710	330	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	610	275	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,755	870	890	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,505	740	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	995	470	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,375	615	760	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	270	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	815	345	465	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	50	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	430	195	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,040	455	585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	1,025	445	580	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	655	290	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	325	140	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,345	1,085	1,260	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	495	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,610	740	860	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	123,490	60,495	62,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	112,270	55,345	56,930	90.9	91.5	90.4
French	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,935	910	1,025	1.6	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,890	890	1,000	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	1,070	485	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	7,540	3,460	4,085	6.1	5.7	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	290	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	123,490	60,495	62,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,970	59,825	62,145	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	117,720	57,795	59,925	95.3	95.5	95.1
English	117,355	57,620	59,735	95.0	95.2	94.8
French	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	4,250	2,030	2,220	3.4	3.4	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,180	1,995	2,185	3.4	3.3	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	525	220	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	195	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,090	1,030	1,065	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	305	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,030	515	515	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	910	460	455	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	545	255	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	610	300	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	605	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	440	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,520	675	845	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	150	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	590	715	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	123,490	60,495	62,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	115,680	56,915	58,770	93.7	94.1	93.3
English	2,010	970	1,040	1.6	1.6	1.7
French	860	405	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	3,985	1,775	2,210	3.2	2.9	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,770	1,675	2,095	3.1	2.8	3.3
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	445	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	122,295	59,860	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	121,825	59,655	62,170	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	121,805	59,650	62,155	99.6	99.6	99.5
French	8,065	3,585	4,485	6.6	6.0	7.2
Non-official languages	15,925	7,295	8,630	13.0	12.2	13.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	720	330	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	595	270	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Halkomelem	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,275	7,000	8,275	12.5	11.7	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	555	255	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	420	190	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,660	630	1,035	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,515	565	950	1.2	0.9	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	165	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	160	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,885	4,655	5,225	8.1	7.8	8.4
Albanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,260	625	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,245	610	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	380	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	490	250	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,815	1,255	1,560	2.3	2.1	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,605	760	845	1.3	1.3	1.4
German	1,590	755	835	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	940	410	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	715	295	420	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	365	150	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,355	1,295	1,060	1.9	2.2	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,130	1,170	960	1.7	2.0	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	940	540	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,200	650	550	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	160	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	230	145	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,650	1,595	2,050	3.0	2.7	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	205	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,860	1,215	1,640	2.3	2.0	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	450	190	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	435	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	300	110	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	280	100	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,245	575	675	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,215	550	665	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	875	370	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	235	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,295	59,855	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,120	6,030	6,090	9.9	10.1	9.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,790	5,905	5,885	9.6	9.9	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,210	4,120	4,085	6.7	6.9	6.5
Métis	3,525	1,755	1,775	2.9	2.9	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	170	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	110,175	53,825	56,345	90.1	89.9	90.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,295	59,855	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,610	3,295	3,315	5.4	5.5	5.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,685	56,560	59,125	94.6	94.5	94.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,720	...	...	73.4	...	...
Renter	13,215	...	...	25.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,005	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not condominium	44,370	...	...	86.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	6,210	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,785	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,290	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,840	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,040	...	...	27.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,580	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	7,825	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,235	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,705	...	...	28.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,565	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	810	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,220	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,155	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,505	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,665	...	...	22.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,760	...	...	11.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,000	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,240	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,700	...	...	11.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,360	...	...	8.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,145	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,730	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,650	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,435	...	...	45.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,020	...	...	48.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,920	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,015	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,220	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,635	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,470	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,815	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,690	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,880	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,645	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,215	...	...	78.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,765	...	...	21.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,740	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,375	...	...	28.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,765	...	...	19.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,575	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,850	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	380	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	600	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,005	...	...	72.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,405	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	44,550	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,080	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.8	...	...	60.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	675,000	...	...	675,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	717,000	...	...	717,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.4	...	...	37.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	445	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	518	...	...	518	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	122,295	59,855	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,170	3,140	3,030	5.0	5.2	4.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,100	3,105	2,995	5.0	5.2	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,360	2,720	2,640	4.4	4.5	4.2
Métis single ancestry	735	380	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,735	3,270	3,465	5.5	5.5	5.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,500	3,175	3,330	5.3	5.3	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,345	2,095	2,250	3.6	3.5	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,105	1,055	1,050	1.7	1.8	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,390	53,445	55,945	89.4	89.3	89.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	122,295	59,855	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	116,485	57,195	59,290	95.2	95.6	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,160	11,350	10,810	18.1	19.0	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,325	45,845	48,480	77.1	76.6	77.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,810	2,660	3,150	4.8	4.4	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	122,295	59,855	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,600	51,615	52,990	85.5	86.2	84.9
Immigrants⁸¹	16,440	7,645	8,795	13.4	12.8	14.1
Before 1980	6,335	3,015	3,325	5.2	5.0	5.3
1980 to 1990	1,825	795	1,030	1.5	1.3	1.6
1991 to 2000	1,750	815	940	1.4	1.4	1.5
2001 to 2010	2,565	1,185	1,385	2.1	2.0	2.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,955	1,830	2,125	3.2	3.1	3.4
2011 to 2015	1,890	915	975	1.5	1.5	1.6
2016 to 2021	2,065	920	1,145	1.7	1.5	1.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,255	605	655	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,440	7,645	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,985	935	1,050	12.1	12.2	11.9
5 to 14 years	3,260	1,600	1,655	19.8	20.9	18.8
15 to 24 years	3,210	1,400	1,805	19.5	18.3	20.5
25 to 44 years	6,700	3,125	3,570	40.8	40.9	40.6
45 years and over	1,275	570	710	7.8	7.5	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,440	7,645	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,715	1,130	1,585	16.5	14.8	18.0
Brazil	90	35	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Colombia	145	45	100	0.9	0.6	1.1
El Salvador	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mexico	205	90	115	1.2	1.2	1.3
Peru	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
United States of America	1,660	700	955	10.1	9.2	10.9
Other places of birth in Americas	370	145	230	2.3	1.9	2.6
Europe	7,700	3,745	3,960	46.8	49.0	45.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	140	55	80	0.9	0.7	0.9
Germany	765	370	400	4.7	4.8	4.5
Greece	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	100	50	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Italy	135	55	80	0.8	0.7	0.9
Netherlands	585	260	325	3.6	3.4	3.7
Poland	230	110	120	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portugal	135	65	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Romania	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	130	55	70	0.8	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ukraine	110	50	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,255	2,140	2,120	25.9	28.0	24.1
Other places of birth in Europe	880	415	470	5.4	5.4	5.3
Africa	855	440	415	5.2	5.8	4.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	110	55	50	0.7	0.7	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	325	155	170	2.0	2.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	340	180	160	2.1	2.4	1.8
Asia	4,890	2,165	2,730	29.7	28.3	31.0
Afghanistan	40	30	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	145	95	50	0.9	1.2	0.6
Iraq	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	100	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Turkey	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	565	260	310	3.4	3.4	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	70	50	0.7	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	345	180	165	2.1	2.4	1.9
Taiwan	70	20	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	1,420	530	895	8.6	6.9	10.2
Viet Nam	235	90	140	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,075	520	555	6.5	6.8	6.3
Pakistan	120	55	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	560	215	340	3.4	2.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	275	165	110	1.7	2.2	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,065	920	1,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	355	155	195	17.2	16.8	17.0
Brazil	30	10	15	1.5	1.1	1.3
Colombia	50	20	35	2.4	2.2	3.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	20	15	1.9	2.2	1.3
United States of America	185	85	95	9.0	9.2	8.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	30	2.2	2.2	2.6
Europe	360	165	200	17.4	17.9	17.5
France	25	15	10	1.2	1.6	0.9
Germany	20	10	0	1.0	1.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	1.2	1.1	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.3
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.7	1.1	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	90	70	7.5	9.8	6.1
Other places of birth in Europe	105	25	85	5.1	2.7	7.4
Africa	145	75	65	7.0	8.2	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	35	20	2.4	3.8	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	1.5	2.2	0.9
Asia	1,195	520	675	57.9	56.5	59.0
Afghanistan	30	20	10	1.5	2.2	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	60	55	5.3	6.5	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	1.5	1.6	1.3
India	310	135	175	15.0	14.7	15.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	20	2.7	3.3	1.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	25	0	20	1.2	0.0	1.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	430	200	230	20.8	21.7	20.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	35	50	4.1	3.8	4.4
Turkey	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	10	30	1.9	1.1	2.6
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	1.7	1.1	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Australia	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	122,295	59,855	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,280	9,010	10,270	15.8	15.1	16.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,880	11,210	11,670	18.7	18.7	18.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,135	39,635	40,500	65.5	66.2	64.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,100	4,630	5,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,445	2,635	2,805	53.9	56.9	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,255	1,265	990	22.3	27.3	18.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,185	1,370	1,815	31.5	29.6	33.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,670	1,520	2,155	36.3	32.8	39.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	915	460	460	9.1	9.9	8.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	15	55	0.6	0.3	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,100	4,630	5,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	215	100	110	2.1	2.2	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,005	900	1,100	19.9	19.4	20.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	430	220	210	4.3	4.8	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	585	235	345	5.8	5.1	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	25	45	0.6	0.5	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,805	3,150	3,655	67.4	68.0	66.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	122,295	59,855	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,160	5,765	6,395	9.9	9.6	10.2
South Asian	3,135	1,625	1,515	2.6	2.7	2.4
Chinese	1,770	855	915	1.4	1.4	1.5
Black	1,310	605	710	1.1	1.0	1.1
Filipino	2,015	840	1,175	1.6	1.4	1.9
Arab	235	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin American	895	365	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Southeast Asian	750	360	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	300	185	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	545	310	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Japanese	530	230	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	490	215	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	110,135	54,090	56,045	90.1	90.4	89.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	122,295	59,860	62,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,580	7,735	7,850	12.7	12.9	12.6
English	40,220	19,175	21,045	32.9	32.0	33.7
Irish	22,190	10,155	12,030	18.1	17.0	19.3
Scottish	29,335	14,075	15,255	24.0	23.5	24.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,295	4,825	5,470	8.4	8.1	8.8
German	15,600	7,530	8,070	12.8	12.6	12.9
Chinese	2,170	1,075	1,100	1.8	1.8	1.8
Italian	3,880	1,865	2,005	3.2	3.1	3.2
Indian (India)	2,345	1,210	1,135	1.9	2.0	1.8
Ukrainian	5,595	2,615	2,975	4.6	4.4	4.8
Dutch	6,015	2,910	3,100	4.9	4.9	5.0
Polish	3,855	1,720	2,135	3.2	2.9	3.4
Québécois	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,030	3,275	3,760	5.7	5.5	6.0
Filipino	1,975	840	1,130	1.6	1.4	1.8
French Canadian	1,300	650	650	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,655	1,400	1,250	2.2	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,705	2,425	2,275	3.8	4.1	3.6
Métis	3,135	1,560	1,580	2.6	2.6	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,495	1,840	1,660	2.9	3.1	2.7
Russian	2,845	1,355	1,490	2.3	2.3	2.4
Norwegian	4,560	2,125	2,430	3.7	3.5	3.9
Welsh	4,045	1,730	2,315	3.3	2.9	3.7
Portuguese	1,065	510	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	2,260	1,155	1,105	1.8	1.9	1.8
Spanish	1,170	550	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	3,345	1,530	1,815	2.7	2.6	2.9
Hungarian	1,185	580	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	470	210	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	440	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	585	320	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	500	225	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	915	405	510	0.7	0.7	0.8
Korean	510	305	205	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	580	250	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,175	1,035	1,145	1.8	1.7	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	685	290	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	210	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	1,395	675	725	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgian	615	255	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	690	340	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	780	365	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	1,265	645	620	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sri Lankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	345	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	690	295	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,230	560	670	1.0	0.9	1.1
Muslim	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	920	425	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Colombian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	470	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	180	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	135	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	175	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	235	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	430	175	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australian	395	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	345	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	120	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	165	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	830	430	405	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	195	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	122,295	59,855	62,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	685	300	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	39,735	17,675	22,055	32.5	29.5	35.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,615	3,910	4,705	7.0	6.5	7.5
Anabaptist	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,740	2,525	3,210	4.7	4.2	5.1
Baptist	1,810	835	975	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catholic	11,765	5,250	6,515	9.6	8.8	10.4
Christian Orthodox	500	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	650	265	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	540	225	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lutheran	1,030	440	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	945	445	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	845	365	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	4,270	1,785	2,485	3.5	3.0	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,430	1,110	1,325	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hindu	810	440	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	895	490	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	1,130	605	520	0.9	1.0	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,045	485	565	0.9	0.8	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,810	710	1,100	1.5	1.2	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	75,795	38,950	36,850	62.0	65.1	59.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,230	59,280	61,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,130	50,510	52,625	85.1	85.2	84.9
Movers	18,100	8,765	9,335	14.9	14.8	15.1
Non-migrants	9,365	4,585	4,775	7.7	7.7	7.7
Migrants	8,735	4,180	4,555	7.2	7.1	7.4
Internal migrants	7,965	3,870	4,095	6.6	6.5	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,720	2,770	2,955	4.7	4.7	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,245	1,105	1,145	1.9	1.9	1.8
External migrants	775	310	460	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,580	57,020	59,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,060	30,620	31,445	53.2	53.7	52.8
Movers	54,510	26,395	28,115	46.8	46.3	47.2
Non-migrants	12,985	6,345	6,640	11.1	11.1	11.1
Migrants	41,525	20,050	21,470	35.6	35.2	36.0
Internal migrants	38,160	18,495	19,665	32.7	32.4	33.0
Intraprovincial migrants	30,145	14,510	15,635	25.9	25.4	26.3
Interprovincial migrants	8,015	3,985	4,030	6.9	7.0	6.8
External migrants	3,365	1,555	1,815	2.9	2.7	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,150	50,225	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,740	9,995	7,745	17.2	19.9	14.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,410	40,225	45,180	82.8	80.1	85.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,355	31,600	33,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,925	4,720	3,210	12.1	14.9	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,425	26,880	30,545	87.9	85.1	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,150	50,220	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,915	8,210	6,705	14.5	16.3	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,875	16,000	16,875	31.9	31.9	31.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,360	26,015	29,350	53.7	51.8	55.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,685	17,230	17,455	33.6	34.3	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,345	7,820	2,525	10.0	15.6	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,065	2,320	1,745	3.9	4.6	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,275	5,500	780	6.1	11.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,390	8,030	12,365	19.8	16.0	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,955	1,385	2,570	3.8	2.8	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,675	8,785	11,895	20.0	17.5	22.5
Bachelor's degree	13,550	5,530	8,025	13.1	11.0	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,430	550	880	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	305	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	4,535	2,055	2,470	4.4	4.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	655	345	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,355	31,600	33,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,325	3,720	2,600	9.7	11.8	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,325	9,830	9,495	29.6	31.1	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,710	18,045	21,665	60.8	57.1	64.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,405	12,020	12,380	37.3	38.0	36.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,920	5,285	1,630	10.6	16.7	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,605	1,480	1,125	4.0	4.7	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,310	3,805	505	6.6	12.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,785	5,730	9,055	22.6	18.1	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,705	1,010	1,690	4.1	3.2	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,305	6,025	9,285	23.4	19.1	27.5
Bachelor's degree	10,290	3,985	6,305	15.7	12.6	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	320	650	1.5	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360	170	185	0.6	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	3,285	1,345	1,935	5.0	4.3	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	195	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,150	50,220	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,785	24,205	23,585	46.3	48.2	44.6
Education	4,225	1,000	3,225	4.1	2.0	6.1
13. Education	4,225	1,000	3,225	4.1	2.0	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,770	745	1,025	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	140	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,580	610	975	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	2,475	955	1,515	2.4	1.9	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	35	235	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	700	205	490	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	555	185	370	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	180	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	360	215	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,020	1,985	4,030	5.8	4.0	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	570	185	385	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,205	130	1,075	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	890	250	630	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	1,075	285	790	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,980	980	1,000	1.9	2.0	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,040	3,475	6,570	9.7	6.9	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	955	240	715	0.9	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,075	3,230	5,845	8.8	6.4	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,005	1,075	935	1.9	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	895	455	440	0.9	0.9	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	190	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	535	410	130	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,790	1,190	600	1.7	2.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,460	1,035	425	1.4	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,725	10,940	790	11.4	21.8	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	205	135	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,520	1,355	170	1.5	2.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,290	2,000	280	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,445	3,350	100	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,540	2,450	90	2.5	4.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,725	1,640	80	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,770	980	795	1.7	2.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	410	585	1.0	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	775	565	210	0.8	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	9,700	1,655	8,040	9.4	3.3	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	595	310	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,895	1,245	7,650	8.6	2.5	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,840	2,020	1,820	3.7	4.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,350	770	1,575	2.3	1.5	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	65	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	580	415	165	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	785	725	65	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,355	31,595	33,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,645	13,555	12,095	39.2	42.9	35.8
Education	2,570	515	2,055	3.9	1.6	6.1
13. Education	2,570	515	2,055	3.9	1.6	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,230	515	720	1.9	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,105	430	675	1.7	1.4	2.0
Humanities	1,590	550	1,040	2.4	1.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	25	175	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	445	95	345	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	390	135	265	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	190	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,650	1,400	3,255	7.1	4.4	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	445	135	310	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	95	865	1.5	0.3	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	710	160	550	1.1	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
42. Psychology	800	200	600	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,510	695	820	2.3	2.2	2.4
Business, management and public administration	7,415	2,475	4,935	11.3	7.8	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	140	505	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,755	2,330	4,425	10.3	7.4	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,470	725	745	2.2	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	675	300	370	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	140	220	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	370	275	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,455	1,020	445	2.2	3.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,275	925	350	2.0	2.9	1.0
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,040	7,400	640	12.3	23.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	140	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,100	955	145	1.7	3.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,535	1,320	220	2.3	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,475	2,400	80	3.8	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,695	1,615	80	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,090	1,030	60	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,305	650	655	2.0	2.1	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	755	290	470	1.2	0.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	360	185	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	7,055	1,220	5,840	10.8	3.9	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	230	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,435	910	5,520	9.8	2.9	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,920	1,580	1,340	4.5	5.0	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,820	645	1,170	2.8	2.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	330	120	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	570	525	45	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,355	31,595	33,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,645	13,555	12,095	39.2	42.9	35.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,710	18,045	21,665	60.8	57.1	64.2
Location of study inside Canada	34,730	15,770	18,960	53.1	49.9	56.2
Same as province or territory of residence	26,255	11,650	14,595	40.2	36.9	43.2
Different than province or territory of residence	8,480	4,120	4,355	13.0	13.0	12.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,980	2,275	2,705	7.6	7.2	8.0
Americas	1,460	675	780	2.2	2.1	2.3
United States of America	1,110	535	580	1.7	1.7	1.7
Mexico	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,350	695	660	2.1	2.2	2.0
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	405	365	1.2	1.3	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	175	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,760	685	1,075	2.7	2.2	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	55	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	675	215	465	1.0	0.7	1.4
Viet Nam	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	445	240	200	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	235	135	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	205	120	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,150	50,220	52,930	...	...	...
In the labour force	64,175	32,915	31,255	...	...	...
Employed	59,820	30,660	29,155	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,355	2,255	2,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,975	17,310	21,675	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.2	65.5	59.0	62.2	65.5	59.0
Employment rate	58.0	61.1	55.1	58.0	61.1	55.1
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.9	6.7	6.8	6.9	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,150	50,220	52,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,760	17,310	21,450	37.6	34.5	40.5
Worked	64,390	32,910	31,475	62.4	65.5	59.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,905	19,090	14,815	32.9	38.0	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,485	13,820	16,660	29.6	27.5	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.7	40.9	41.8	42.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,170	32,915	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	920	435	485	1.4	1.3	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,250	32,480	30,770	98.6	98.7	98.4
Employee	51,865	25,965	25,895	80.8	78.9	82.8
Permanent position	44,560	22,730	21,830	69.4	69.1	69.8
Temporary position	7,300	3,240	4,065	11.4	9.8	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,155	920	1,235	3.4	2.8	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,145	2,320	2,825	8.0	7.0	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,395	6,510	4,880	17.8	19.8	15.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,170	32,915	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	920	435	485	1.4	1.3	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,250	32,480	30,770	98.6	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	640	395	250	1.0	1.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,960	2,500	7,460	15.5	7.6	23.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,125	3,230	895	6.4	9.8	2.9
3 Health occupations	5,355	1,050	4,310	8.3	3.2	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,230	2,795	5,430	12.8	8.5	17.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,835	755	1,080	2.9	2.3	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	16,455	7,145	9,310	25.6	21.7	29.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,710	11,605	1,105	19.8	35.3	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,265	1,645	620	3.5	5.0	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,675	1,360	320	2.6	4.1	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,170	32,915	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	920	435	485	1.4	1.3	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	63,250	32,480	30,770	98.6	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,930	1,355	570	3.0	4.1	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	230	55	0.4	0.7	0.2
22 Utilities	235	195	40	0.4	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	7,015	6,005	1,015	10.9	18.2	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	3,350	2,655	695	5.2	8.1	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,190	830	360	1.9	2.5	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	8,010	3,870	4,135	12.5	11.8	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,215	1,690	525	3.5	5.1	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	810	485	325	1.3	1.5	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,760	580	1,180	2.7	1.8	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,070	610	460	1.7	1.9	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,240	2,245	2,000	6.6	6.8	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,925	1,650	1,270	4.6	5.0	4.1
61 Educational services	4,505	1,295	3,215	7.0	3.9	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,620	1,700	6,930	13.4	5.2	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,445	725	715	2.3	2.2	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,145	1,850	2,295	6.5	5.6	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,905	1,235	1,675	4.5	3.8	5.4
91 Public administration	6,520	3,245	3,280	10.2	9.9	10.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,375	35,350	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,805	34,705	33,100	97.7	98.2	97.3
French	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	605	255	350	0.9	0.7	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	740	315	425	1.1	0.9	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,375	35,350	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,220	35,305	33,915	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	69,005	35,210	33,795	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	68,850	35,175	33,675	99.2	99.5	99.0
French	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,375	35,350	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	68,125	34,815	33,310	98.2	98.5	97.9
English	175	55	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	455	215	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	520	225	290	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	435	195	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,815	30,660	29,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,115	5,365	6,745	20.3	17.5	23.1
Worked outside Canada	120	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,095	7,395	2,695	16.9	24.1	9.2
Usual place of work	37,490	17,815	19,675	62.7	58.1	67.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,490	17,815	19,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,380	5,680	6,700	33.0	31.9	34.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,845	9,055	10,785	52.9	50.8	54.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,015	2,890	2,120	13.4	16.2	10.8
Commute to a different province or territory	255	185	70	0.7	1.0	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,580	25,210	22,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,725	22,255	19,465	87.7	88.3	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,925	21,015	17,915	81.8	83.4	80.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,800	1,245	1,555	5.9	4.9	7.0
Public transit	1,305	515	790	2.7	2.0	3.5
Walked	2,675	1,265	1,405	5.6	5.0	6.3
Bicycle	705	530	175	1.5	2.1	0.8
Other method	1,160	635	530	2.4	2.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,580	25,210	22,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,295	7,540	8,755	34.2	29.9	39.1
15 to 29 minutes	16,540	8,745	7,795	34.8	34.7	34.8
30 to 44 minutes	8,750	4,975	3,785	18.4	19.7	16.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,170	2,030	1,140	6.7	8.1	5.1
60 minutes and over	2,820	1,915	900	5.9	7.6	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,580	25,210	22,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,385	2,490	895	7.1	9.9	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,885	5,695	3,195	18.7	22.6	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,525	6,715	5,815	26.3	26.6	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,095	4,200	5,895	21.2	16.7	26.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,170	2,475	3,700	13.0	9.8	16.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,515	3,640	2,875	13.7	14.4	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,360	11,870	11,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,905	945	965	8.2	8.0	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,450	10,930	10,525	91.8	92.1	91.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,095	8,790	8,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,475	735	740	8.6	8.4	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	800	390	410	4.7	4.4	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	675	345	330	3.9	3.9	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,615	8,055	7,565	91.3	91.6	91.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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