Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Coquitlam--Port CoquitlamMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,004	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	123,576	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,072	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,014	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	221.0	...	...	221.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	597.30	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,005	64,280	67,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,075	10,790	10,280	16.0	16.8	15.2
0 to 4 years	6,190	3,110	3,075	4.7	4.8	4.5
5 to 9 years	7,170	3,715	3,455	5.4	5.8	5.1
10 to 14 years	7,715	3,965	3,745	5.8	6.2	5.5
15 to 64 years	90,080	43,945	46,140	68.2	68.4	68.1
15 to 19 years	7,755	4,075	3,680	5.9	6.3	5.4
20 to 24 years	7,530	3,900	3,625	5.7	6.1	5.4
25 to 29 years	7,720	4,025	3,695	5.8	6.3	5.5
30 to 34 years	8,770	4,380	4,390	6.6	6.8	6.5
35 to 39 years	9,920	4,745	5,180	7.5	7.4	7.6
40 to 44 years	9,720	4,510	5,210	7.4	7.0	7.7
45 to 49 years	9,540	4,385	5,155	7.2	6.8	7.6
50 to 54 years	10,140	4,810	5,325	7.7	7.5	7.9
55 to 59 years	10,050	4,845	5,205	7.6	7.5	7.7
60 to 64 years	8,945	4,265	4,680	6.8	6.6	6.9
65 years and over	20,845	9,545	11,300	15.8	14.8	16.7
65 to 69 years	7,330	3,505	3,830	5.6	5.5	5.7
70 to 74 years	5,430	2,580	2,850	4.1	4.0	4.2
75 to 79 years	3,480	1,575	1,905	2.6	2.5	2.8
80 to 84 years	2,380	995	1,385	1.8	1.5	2.0
85 years and over	2,225	890	1,330	1.7	1.4	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,450	625	830	1.1	1.0	1.2
90 to 94 years	615	225	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
95 to 99 years	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.8	15.2	16.0	16.8	15.2
15 to 64 years	68.2	68.4	68.1	68.2	68.4	68.1
65 years and over	15.8	14.8	16.7	15.8	14.8	16.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.4	2.0	1.7	1.4	2.0
Average age of the population	41.1	40.1	42.1	41.1	40.1	42.1
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,670	...	...	34.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,560	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	7,525	...	...	15.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,745	...	...	13.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,855	...	...	22.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,620	...	...	11.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,550	...	...	21.5	...	...
2 persons	15,510	...	...	31.6	...	...
3 persons	9,660	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	8,870	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,425	...	...	9.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	130,610	63,590	67,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	110,930	53,485	57,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,675	33,515	34,155	61.0	62.7	59.5
Married	59,720	29,550	30,165	53.8	55.2	52.5
Living common-law	7,955	3,960	3,995	7.2	7.4	7.0
Living common law - Never married	5,795	2,905	2,885	5.2	5.4	5.0
Living common law - Separated	360	190	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,675	820	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	43,255	19,970	23,280	39.0	37.3	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,525	15,930	13,595	26.6	29.8	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,725	990	1,740	2.5	1.9	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,275	2,165	4,105	5.7	4.0	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,730	890	3,840	4.3	1.7	6.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,525	...	...	45.1	...	...
3 persons	10,040	...	...	25.9	...	...
4 persons	8,945	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,830	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	28,855	...	...	74.3	...	...
With children⁶	17,800	...	...	45.9	...	...
Without children	11,050	...	...	28.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,980	...	...	10.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,315	...	...	3.4	...	...
Without children	2,660	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,985	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,765	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,215	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	130,610	63,590	67,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	113,020	55,870	57,150	86.5	87.9	85.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,665	32,780	32,885	50.3	51.5	49.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,985	1,220	4,770	4.6	1.9	7.1
Children⁶	41,365	21,870	19,495	31.7	34.4	29.1
In a two-parent family	32,700	17,235	15,470	25.0	27.1	23.1
In a one-parent family	8,660	4,630	4,025	6.6	7.3	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,595	7,720	9,875	13.5	12.1	14.7
Living alone	10,550	4,455	6,090	8.1	7.0	9.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,270	1,190	2,075	2.5	1.9	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,775	2,070	1,710	2.9	3.3	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,450	...	...	66.2	...	...
Couple-family households	27,790	...	...	56.7	...	...
With children⁶	16,385	...	...	33.4	...	...
Without children	11,410	...	...	23.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,655	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,130	...	...	4.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	615	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,845	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,430	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	10,550	...	...	21.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	109,540	52,795	56,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,340	50,780	54,560	96.2	96.2	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	36,000	41,600	49,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,405	50,810	54,595	96.2	96.2	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,860	46,585	48,275	86.6	88.2	85.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,600	28,800	37,200	47,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,935	38,890	38,045	70.2	73.7	67.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,400	34,400	42,800	52,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,355	38,005	47,350	77.9	72.0	83.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,000	8,900	8,100	7,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,765	3,605	5,165	8.0	6.8	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,720	5,480	5,280	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,765	13,905	15,860	27.2	26.3	27.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	109,470	52,820	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,120	50,690	54,430	96.0	96.0	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,250	63,000	44,200	53,250	63,000	44,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,195	50,725	54,470	96.1	96.0	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,160	52,100	38,640	45,160	52,100	38,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,540	46,445	48,095	86.4	87.9	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	61,150	39,440	50,120	61,150	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,885	38,955	37,935	70.2	73.8	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	63,500	41,760	52,800	63,500	41,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,175	37,785	47,390	77.8	71.5	83.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,090	9,300	10,720	10,090	9,300	10,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,815	3,630	5,185	8.1	6.9	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,660	5,800	7,270	6,660	5,800	7,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,495	13,455	16,040	26.9	25.5	28.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,430	9,170	9,650	9,430	9,170	9,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	109,470	52,815	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,890	21,650	16,235	34.6	41.0	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	77,500	60,400	69,500	77,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,900	89,300	67,300	79,900	89,300	67,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,550	13,005	16,550	27.0	24.6	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	21,400	15,800	18,000	21,400	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	34,040	24,280	28,560	34,040	24,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	89.0	78.8	84.6	89.0	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.4	77.4	65.8	72.4	77.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.0	21.1	15.4	11.0	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.6	8.0	6.1	4.6	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.4	5.0	3.9	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	109,540	52,795	56,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,205	2,015	2,180	3.8	3.8	3.8
With total income	105,340	50,775	54,560	96.2	96.2	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,155	5,045	7,110	11.5	9.9	13.0
$10,000 to $19,999	12,265	5,150	7,110	11.6	10.1	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,875	6,065	8,815	14.1	11.9	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,765	4,900	6,860	11.2	9.7	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,535	4,565	5,970	10.0	9.0	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,080	4,160	4,920	8.6	8.2	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	3,705	3,715	7.0	7.3	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,870	3,230	2,640	5.6	6.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,835	2,865	1,970	4.6	5.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,890	2,290	1,595	3.7	4.5	2.9
$100,000 and over	12,660	8,810	3,855	12.0	17.4	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	8,690	5,720	2,970	8.2	11.3	5.4
$150,000 and over	3,975	3,085	885	3.8	6.1	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	109,540	52,795	56,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,130	1,985	2,150	3.8	3.8	3.8
With after-tax income	105,405	50,805	54,600	96.2	96.2	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,490	5,160	7,325	11.8	10.2	13.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,655	5,325	7,330	12.0	10.5	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	16,610	6,800	9,805	15.8	13.4	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,685	5,795	7,890	13.0	11.4	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,390	5,565	6,820	11.8	11.0	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,040	4,950	5,085	9.5	9.7	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,635	4,255	3,385	7.2	8.4	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,830	3,390	2,435	5.5	6.7	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,330	2,595	1,735	4.1	5.1	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,900	1,905	995	2.8	3.7	1.8
$100,000 and over	6,845	5,055	1,790	6.5	9.9	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,715	2,625	1,090	3.5	5.2	2.0
$125,000 and over	3,130	2,425	700	3.0	4.8	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	109,540	52,795	56,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,605	13,905	18,700	29.8	26.3	33.0
With employment income	76,930	38,890	38,045	70.2	73.7	67.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,000	4,390	5,615	13.0	11.3	14.8
$5,000 to $9,999	6,440	2,590	3,855	8.4	6.7	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,110	3,495	4,620	10.5	9.0	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,175	2,700	3,475	8.0	6.9	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030	2,660	3,375	7.8	6.8	8.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,365	2,865	3,500	8.3	7.4	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,340	2,970	3,365	8.2	7.6	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,405	2,835	2,565	7.0	7.3	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,565	2,650	1,920	5.9	6.8	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,890	2,310	1,575	5.1	5.9	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,260	1,970	1,290	4.2	5.1	3.4
$100,000 and over	10,350	7,460	2,890	13.5	19.2	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,910	3,220	1,690	6.4	8.3	4.4
$125,000 and over	5,440	4,245	1,195	7.1	10.9	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	109,540	52,795	56,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,845	48,965	52,880	93.0	92.7	93.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,800	32,800	39,600	48,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,090	49,025	53,065	93.2	92.9	93.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	30,200	35,600	43,200	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,590	45,805	47,780	85.4	86.8	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,800	30,800	38,800	48,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,390	39,380	39,010	71.6	74.6	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,600	34,000	42,000	51,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,450	27,085	39,365	60.7	51.3	69.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,240	1,740	4,360	3,240	1,740	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,535	2,155	3,380	5.1	4.1	6.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,520	6,200	5,400	4,520	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	109,470	52,820	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,660	48,960	52,700	92.9	92.7	93.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	61,600	41,120	51,000	61,600	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,900	48,990	52,910	93.1	92.7	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	50,200	35,560	42,600	50,200	35,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,620	45,945	47,675	85.5	87.0	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	61,750	39,440	50,400	61,750	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,480	39,570	38,910	71.7	74.9	68.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750	62,550	40,800	51,750	62,550	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,870	26,710	39,160	60.2	50.6	69.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,070	6,700	7,320	7,070	6,700	7,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,505	2,195	3,310	5.0	4.2	5.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,570	5,870	8,700	7,570	5,870	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	109,470	52,815	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,630	21,480	16,150	34.4	40.7	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	73,500	56,000	65,000	73,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	84,300	61,750	74,600	84,300	61,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,855	12,290	15,560	25.4	23.3	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,000	22,600	25,000	29,000	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,400	42,520	29,760	35,400	42,520	29,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	94.0	86.8	91.0	94.0	86.8
Employment income (%)	78.4	82.0	73.2	78.4	82.0	73.2
Government transfers (%)	9.0	5.9	13.2	9.0	5.9	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3	0.8	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...	114,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,050	...	...	56,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	...	...	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,395	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,140	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,290	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,505	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,410	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,145	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,615	...	...	48.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,065	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,905	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,510	...	...	13.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,135	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	870	...	...	1.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	790	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,450	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,270	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,475	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,720	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,675	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,835	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,715	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,330	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,085	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,915	...	...	40.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,655	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,845	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,410	...	...	17.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,325	6,525	7,795	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	49,200	40,800	44,400	49,200	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	43,600	37,200	40,000	43,600	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...	154,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,295	6,480	7,820	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,900	57,850	46,960	51,900	57,850	46,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,120	47,960	40,920	44,120	47,960	40,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	130,610	63,585	67,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,745	13,220	12,525	19.7	20.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	7,615	3,855	3,765	5.8	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years	84,935	41,090	43,845	65.0	64.6	65.4
65 years and over	19,930	9,280	10,650	15.3	14.6	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,525	6,140	7,385	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,025	1,620	1,405	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	755	385	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,605	3,375	4,225	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,890	1,140	1,750	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.4	9.7	11.0	10.4	9.7	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	12.3	11.2	11.8	12.3	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	10.1	9.8	9.9	10.1	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.2	9.6	9.0	8.2	9.6
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.3	16.5	14.5	12.3	16.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	130,610	63,590	67,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,740	13,215	12,525	19.7	20.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	7,615	3,850	3,760	5.8	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years	84,935	41,085	43,845	65.0	64.6	65.4
65 years and over	19,935	9,280	10,650	15.3	14.6	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,625	4,055	4,565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,875	1,005	870	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	430	230	205	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,535	2,550	2,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,215	505	710	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.6	6.4	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.6	7.0	7.3	7.6	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	6.0	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	6.2	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.8
65 years and over (%)	6.1	5.4	6.7	6.1	5.4	6.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	130,610	63,585	67,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,625	26,205	29,420	42.6	41.2	43.9
In bottom decile	12,425	5,720	6,710	9.5	9.0	10.0
In second decile	10,300	4,735	5,565	7.9	7.4	8.3
In third decile	10,550	4,990	5,560	8.1	7.8	8.3
In fourth decile	10,635	5,080	5,555	8.1	8.0	8.3
In fifth decile	11,715	5,680	6,035	9.0	8.9	9.0
In top half of the distribution	74,985	37,385	37,600	57.4	58.8	56.1
In sixth decile	12,825	6,285	6,540	9.8	9.9	9.8
In seventh decile	13,670	6,775	6,900	10.5	10.7	10.3
In eighth decile	15,585	7,730	7,850	11.9	12.2	11.7
In ninth decile	17,090	8,620	8,470	13.1	13.6	12.6
In top decile	15,815	7,975	7,840	12.1	12.5	11.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	130,610	...	...	130,610	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,005	63,680	67,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	117,185	57,835	59,350	89.5	90.8	88.1
French only	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	7,960	3,475	4,485	6.1	5.5	6.7
Neither English nor French	5,785	2,335	3,450	4.4	3.7	5.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,005	63,680	67,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,175	60,385	62,795	94.0	94.8	93.3
French	1,195	580	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	940	420	525	0.7	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	5,700	2,300	3,400	4.4	3.6	5.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,005	63,680	67,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,835	60,730	64,105	95.3	95.4	95.2
Official languages	68,660	34,485	34,175	52.4	54.2	50.8
English	67,555	33,945	33,605	51.6	53.3	49.9
French	1,105	540	570	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	56,180	26,240	29,935	42.9	41.2	44.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,170	26,240	29,935	42.9	41.2	44.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,330	675	650	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,300	670	635	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,120	560	560	0.9	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	285	415	0.5	0.4	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	635	270	370	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,010	1,225	1,780	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	265	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,340	960	1,385	1.8	1.5	2.1
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,750	10,950	11,805	17.4	17.2	17.5
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,770	2,235	2,540	3.6	3.5	3.8
Baltic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,735	2,210	2,520	3.6	3.5	3.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	200	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,055	465	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian	2,245	1,070	1,175	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	575	275	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	205	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,200	585	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	715	345	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	690	335	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	11,455	5,580	5,870	8.7	8.8	8.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,825	1,330	1,490	2.2	2.1	2.2
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	585	265	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Kacchi	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,295	600	690	1.0	0.9	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	8,630	4,255	4,375	6.6	6.7	6.5
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	8,220	4,045	4,175	6.3	6.4	6.2
Dari	580	280	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	6,955	3,425	3,530	5.3	5.4	5.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	690	335	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,090	2,415	2,675	3.9	3.8	4.0
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	700	350	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	970	455	520	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	905	440	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,515	1,165	1,350	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	665	225	440	0.5	0.4	0.7
Korean	6,145	2,880	3,270	4.7	4.5	4.9
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20,220	9,390	10,825	15.4	14.7	16.1
Chinese languages	20,190	9,380	10,810	15.4	14.7	16.1
Hakka	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	10,915	5,010	5,905	8.3	7.9	8.8
Min Dong	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	490	225	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	8,390	3,980	4,415	6.4	6.3	6.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	310	160	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	400	155	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	265	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,175	2,955	3,220	4.7	4.6	4.8
English and French	380	165	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,960	2,405	2,555	3.8	3.8	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	605	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,005	63,680	67,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	72,195	35,990	36,205	55.1	56.5	53.8
French	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	20,705	9,570	11,135	15.8	15.0	16.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20,700	9,570	11,135	15.8	15.0	16.5
English and French	1,025	455	570	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	34,485	16,475	18,010	26.3	25.9	26.7
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	910	405	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,395	645	750	1.1	1.0	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,005	63,680	67,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,570	60,075	63,495	94.3	94.3	94.3
Official languages	86,570	42,620	43,945	66.1	66.9	65.3
English	86,160	42,420	43,745	65.8	66.6	65.0
French	410	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	37,005	17,455	19,550	28.2	27.4	29.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,005	17,455	19,550	28.2	27.4	29.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	365	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	360	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	650	320	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	165	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,425	640	785	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,180	530	645	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,355	6,425	6,930	10.2	10.1	10.3
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,750	1,325	1,425	2.1	2.1	2.1
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,735	1,315	1,420	2.1	2.1	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	495	225	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	1,665	820	845	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	7,845	3,770	4,075	6.0	5.9	6.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,490	700	790	1.1	1.1	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	365	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,350	3,070	3,280	4.8	4.8	4.9
Baluchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	6,070	2,925	3,140	4.6	4.6	4.7
Dari	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	5,245	2,545	2,705	4.0	4.0	4.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	475	220	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,520	1,215	1,305	1.9	1.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	415	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,350	650	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	315	125	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	5,050	2,395	2,655	3.9	3.8	3.9
Mongolian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,180	7,070	8,110	11.6	11.1	12.0
Chinese languages	15,170	7,065	8,105	11.6	11.1	12.0
Hakka	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	8,780	4,085	4,700	6.7	6.4	7.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	5,990	2,805	3,180	4.6	4.4	4.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,440	3,605	3,835	5.7	5.7	5.7
English and French	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,875	3,330	3,545	5.2	5.2	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,010	63,680	67,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,430	48,735	50,700	75.9	76.5	75.3
English	13,670	6,655	7,015	10.4	10.5	10.4
French	895	385	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	13,575	6,330	7,245	10.4	9.9	10.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,565	6,330	7,240	10.4	9.9	10.8
English and French	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,475	720	755	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	460	205	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,335	585	750	1.0	0.9	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	124,895	61,310	63,590	95.7	96.5	94.9
English	124,830	61,275	63,555	95.6	96.4	94.9
French	8,135	3,445	4,690	6.2	5.4	7.0
Non-official languages	67,930	32,035	35,890	52.0	50.4	53.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,900	32,020	35,880	52.0	50.4	53.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,975	1,015	960	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,965	1,010	955	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,585	805	780	1.2	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	875	370	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	825	360	470	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,270	1,785	2,485	3.3	2.8	3.7
Bikol	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	195	60	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	400	175	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,595	1,470	2,130	2.8	2.3	3.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	390	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	29,200	14,135	15,070	22.4	22.2	22.5
Albanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,785	2,810	2,975	4.4	4.4	4.4
Baltic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,745	2,785	2,960	4.4	4.4	4.4
Belarusian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,250	580	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
Russian	3,175	1,565	1,605	2.4	2.5	2.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	760	385	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	520	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	270	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	230	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	510	220	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,115	945	1,170	1.6	1.5	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,335	585	755	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	1,320	570	745	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	655	310	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	390	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	230	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	14,390	7,050	7,345	11.0	11.1	11.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,440	2,095	2,345	3.4	3.3	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	595	285	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindi	1,955	935	1,020	1.5	1.5	1.5
Kacchi	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,045	980	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	685	325	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	10,115	5,020	5,095	7.7	7.9	7.6
Baluchi	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	440	225	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Parsi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	9,815	4,875	4,940	7.5	7.7	7.4
Dari	750	350	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	8,420	4,195	4,220	6.5	6.6	6.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	740	380	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,425	3,545	3,875	5.7	5.6	5.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,175	550	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	1,250	605	645	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	1,155	575	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	4,380	2,085	2,295	3.4	3.3	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,455	635	820	1.1	1.0	1.2
Korean	7,210	3,370	3,840	5.5	5.3	5.7
Mongolian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	215	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	23,355	11,010	12,345	17.9	17.3	18.4
Chinese languages	23,300	10,980	12,310	17.9	17.3	18.4
Hakka	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	15,915	7,400	8,525	12.2	11.6	12.7
Min Dong	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	525	675	0.9	0.8	1.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	190	65	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	10,410	4,955	5,455	8.0	7.8	8.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	730	370	365	0.6	0.6	0.5
Azerbaijani	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	620	320	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	530	230	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	360	155	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,890	1,425	1,465	2.2	2.2	2.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,770	1,370	1,400	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,450	690	760	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis	1,295	675	625	1.0	1.1	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	127,630	62,115	65,515	97.8	97.7	97.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	780	355	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,745	63,190	66,555	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,885	...	...	75.3	...	...
Renter	12,095	...	...	24.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	17,170	...	...	35.1	...	...
Not condominium	31,815	...	...	65.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	6,350	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,985	...	...	28.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,945	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,505	...	...	31.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,875	...	...	38.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,735	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,840	...	...	11.9	...	...
7 rooms	4,810	...	...	9.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,720	...	...	26.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,295	...	...	96.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,690	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,910	...	...	93.7	...	...
Not suitable	3,070	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,395	...	...	2.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,400	...	...	17.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,495	...	...	17.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	13,170	...	...	26.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,800	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,340	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,835	...	...	11.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,550	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,020	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,960	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,865	...	...	44.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,795	...	...	48.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,330	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	650	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,445	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,570	...	...	19.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,965	...	...	22.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,860	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,190	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,210	...	...	6.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,090	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,675	...	...	73.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,050	...	...	26.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,040	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,535	...	...	33.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,650	...	...	23.8	...	...
Not suitable only	2,135	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,235	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	790	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	580	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,445	...	...	66.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,990	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not in core need	39,720	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,860	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.1	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	1,860	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	997,000	...	...	997,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,095	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.6	...	...	38.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.8	...	...	28.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,634	...	...	1,634	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	130,520	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	530	270	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	505	265	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	325	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Métis single ancestry	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,645	1,350	1,295	2.0	2.1	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,535	1,285	1,245	1.9	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,550	785	760	1.2	1.2	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	960	490	475	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	127,350	61,930	65,420	97.6	97.5	97.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	130,520	63,545	66,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,605	55,285	57,320	86.3	87.0	85.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,035	11,755	11,280	17.6	18.5	16.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	89,570	43,530	46,040	68.6	68.5	68.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,920	8,255	9,660	13.7	13.0	14.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	130,520	63,545	66,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	69,375	34,850	34,520	53.2	54.8	51.5
Immigrants⁸¹	56,855	26,645	30,210	43.6	41.9	45.1
Before 1980	6,225	2,955	3,270	4.8	4.7	4.9
1980 to 1990	5,745	2,720	3,020	4.4	4.3	4.5
1991 to 2000	14,495	6,880	7,620	11.1	10.8	11.4
2001 to 2010	15,450	7,225	8,230	11.8	11.4	12.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,945	6,875	8,080	11.5	10.8	12.1
2011 to 2015	8,155	3,755	4,400	6.2	5.9	6.6
2016 to 2021	6,795	3,115	3,680	5.2	4.9	5.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,295	2,045	2,245	3.3	3.2	3.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	56,855	26,645	30,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,750	2,545	2,205	8.4	9.6	7.3
5 to 14 years	9,305	4,990	4,320	16.4	18.7	14.3
15 to 24 years	8,040	3,580	4,455	14.1	13.4	14.7
25 to 44 years	27,770	12,185	15,585	48.8	45.7	51.6
45 years and over	6,995	3,350	3,645	12.3	12.6	12.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	56,855	26,645	30,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,850	1,775	2,080	6.8	6.7	6.9
Brazil	440	200	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	370	170	200	0.7	0.6	0.7
El Salvador	235	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	590	270	320	1.0	1.0	1.1
Peru	175	70	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	170	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
United States of America	965	420	540	1.7	1.6	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	665	335	330	1.2	1.3	1.1
Europe	9,665	4,725	4,935	17.0	17.7	16.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	250	135	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	170	110	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	525	245	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
Greece	110	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	170	65	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italy	365	210	150	0.6	0.8	0.5
Netherlands	230	120	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Poland	900	400	495	1.6	1.5	1.6
Portugal	260	145	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romania	920	455	470	1.6	1.7	1.6
Russian Federation	870	410	460	1.5	1.5	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	115	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	600	290	310	1.1	1.1	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,395	1,145	1,255	4.2	4.3	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,675	815	865	2.9	3.1	2.9
Africa	2,190	1,095	1,095	3.9	4.1	3.6
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egypt	290	150	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Eritrea	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	695	355	345	1.2	1.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	875	410	465	1.5	1.5	1.5
Asia	40,590	18,785	21,810	71.4	70.5	72.2
Afghanistan	560	265	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	7,015	3,510	3,510	12.3	13.2	11.6
Iraq	475	225	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanon	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	220	120	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkey	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	9,850	4,385	5,470	17.3	16.5	18.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,455	2,170	2,285	7.8	8.1	7.6
Korea, South⁹²	5,140	2,380	2,760	9.0	8.9	9.1
Taiwan	1,905	850	1,050	3.4	3.2	3.5
Philippines	3,705	1,515	2,190	6.5	5.7	7.2
Viet Nam	830	360	470	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bangladesh	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	2,030	985	1,045	3.6	3.7	3.5
Pakistan	515	260	255	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	3,495	1,545	1,955	6.1	5.8	6.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	560	275	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,790	3,115	3,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	660	325	335	9.7	10.4	9.1
Brazil	270	125	145	4.0	4.0	3.9
Colombia	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Mexico	125	60	65	1.8	1.9	1.8
United States of America	120	60	55	1.8	1.9	1.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	50	35	1.2	1.6	1.0
Europe	770	410	360	11.3	13.2	9.8
France	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	205	110	100	3.0	3.5	2.7
Ukraine	130	65	65	1.9	2.1	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	30	1.5	2.2	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	220	95	125	3.2	3.0	3.4
Africa	365	175	185	5.4	5.6	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Eritrea	45	15	25	0.7	0.5	0.7
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	75	45	1.8	2.4	1.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	35	80	1.7	1.1	2.2
Asia	4,940	2,170	2,775	72.8	69.7	75.5
Afghanistan	70	40	30	1.0	1.3	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,485	635	845	21.9	20.4	23.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	80	60	2.1	2.6	1.6
India	400	185	220	5.9	5.9	6.0
Iran⁸⁸	895	460	435	13.2	14.8	11.8
Iraq	75	25	50	1.1	0.8	1.4
Israel	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japan	45	0	45	0.7	0.0	1.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	730	300	425	10.8	9.6	11.6
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Nepal	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Pakistan	70	40	25	1.0	1.3	0.7
Philippines	455	150	305	6.7	4.8	8.3
Saudi Arabia	30	20	15	0.4	0.6	0.4
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	25	1.0	1.1	0.7
Turkey	35	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
United Arab Emirates	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Viet Nam	65	25	40	1.0	0.8	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	305	120	190	4.5	3.9	5.2
Oceania and other⁹³	55	30	25	0.8	1.0	0.7
Australia	35	25	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	62,680	29,520	33,160	48.0	46.5	49.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,825	15,030	14,795	22.9	23.7	22.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,020	18,990	19,025	29.1	29.9	28.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	50,635	23,690	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	33,825	16,700	17,130	66.8	70.5	63.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,770	7,980	4,790	25.2	33.7	17.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	21,060	8,720	12,340	41.6	36.8	45.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,745	3,920	6,825	21.2	16.5	25.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,530	2,815	2,715	10.9	11.9	10.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	530	255	275	1.0	1.1	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	50,635	23,690	26,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,600	830	770	3.2	3.5	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,465	1,905	2,560	8.8	8.0	9.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,250	1,110	1,145	4.4	4.7	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,810	1,210	1,605	5.5	5.1	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	39,395	18,575	20,815	77.8	78.4	77.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	67,560	32,360	35,200	51.8	50.9	52.6
South Asian	6,200	3,040	3,155	4.8	4.8	4.7
Chinese	26,395	12,685	13,710	20.2	20.0	20.5
Black	1,915	960	950	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	4,895	2,165	2,735	3.8	3.4	4.1
Arab	1,375	690	685	1.1	1.1	1.0
Latin American	2,810	1,350	1,460	2.2	2.1	2.2
Southeast Asian	1,850	870	980	1.4	1.4	1.5
West Asian	9,750	4,815	4,930	7.5	7.6	7.4
Korean	7,455	3,515	3,935	5.7	5.5	5.9
Japanese	1,415	570	845	1.1	0.9	1.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	750	390	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	2,765	1,300	1,460	2.1	2.0	2.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,960	31,185	31,780	48.2	49.1	47.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,300	5,345	4,960	7.9	8.4	7.4
English	19,115	9,270	9,850	14.6	14.6	14.7
Irish	11,905	5,725	6,175	9.1	9.0	9.2
Scottish	15,035	7,285	7,745	11.5	11.5	11.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,385	2,550	2,835	4.1	4.0	4.2
German	9,060	4,560	4,495	6.9	7.2	6.7
Chinese	24,180	11,550	12,635	18.5	18.2	18.9
Italian	5,180	2,640	2,535	4.0	4.2	3.8
Indian (India)	4,025	1,875	2,150	3.1	3.0	3.2
Ukrainian	4,090	1,955	2,135	3.1	3.1	3.2
Dutch	3,135	1,635	1,500	2.4	2.6	2.2
Polish	3,340	1,610	1,730	2.6	2.5	2.6
Québécois	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,365	1,590	1,780	2.6	2.5	2.7
Filipino	5,170	2,300	2,870	4.0	3.6	4.3
French Canadian	890	420	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,790	935	860	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	900	440	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	1,270	650	620	1.0	1.0	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,400	1,250	1,155	1.8	2.0	1.7
Russian	3,620	1,755	1,870	2.8	2.8	2.8
Norwegian	2,435	1,160	1,270	1.9	1.8	1.9
Welsh	1,780	880	900	1.4	1.4	1.3
Portuguese	1,430	720	705	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	1,245	580	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
Spanish	2,030	870	1,160	1.6	1.4	1.7
Swedish	1,875	870	1,000	1.4	1.4	1.5
Hungarian	1,130	525	610	0.9	0.8	0.9
Acadian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	530	285	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	680	360	320	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	795	420	375	0.6	0.7	0.6
Punjabi	505	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	1,275	575	690	1.0	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	560	280	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	565	290	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,185	1,040	1,145	1.7	1.6	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	7,160	3,395	3,765	5.5	5.3	5.6
Romanian	1,365	680	680	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanese	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	7,280	3,650	3,635	5.6	5.7	5.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	530	275	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	885	425	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	535	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	735	365	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	365	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	460	245	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexican	810	355	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	480	215	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finnish	860	395	465	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	965	415	550	0.7	0.7	0.8
Japanese	1,830	750	1,080	1.4	1.2	1.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	355	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	545	265	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	345	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	450	215	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	520	200	315	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombian	410	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	595	285	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	270	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Afghan	905	410	490	0.7	0.6	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	250	150	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	320	175	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	1,950	980	970	1.5	1.5	1.4
Ontarian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	2,465	1,225	1,240	1.9	1.9	1.9
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	340	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	520	240	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	350	155	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	400	165	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Somali	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	1,645	780	870	1.3	1.2	1.3
Iraqi	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	490	225	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	435	200	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	190	65	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	405	210	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	215	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albertan	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	155	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	280	110	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Laotian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	575	290	285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	380	215	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Fijian	340	155	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jatt	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	345	140	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Goan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	130,525	63,545	66,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,570	1,100	1,480	2.0	1.7	2.2
Christian	47,980	21,880	26,100	36.8	34.4	39.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,430	6,100	7,330	10.3	9.6	10.9
Anabaptist	325	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	2,165	1,015	1,150	1.7	1.6	1.7
Baptist	1,495	680	815	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catholic	19,115	8,860	10,250	14.6	13.9	15.3
Christian Orthodox	2,600	1,220	1,380	2.0	1.9	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	460	210	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,120	450	665	0.9	0.7	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	335	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,005	485	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Presbyterian	905	370	535	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	2,690	1,090	1,605	2.1	1.7	2.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,005	920	1,085	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hindu	1,495	745	755	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jewish	530	265	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	8,075	3,980	4,095	6.2	6.3	6.1
Sikh	1,815	840	975	1.4	1.3	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,525	650	875	1.2	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	66,495	34,065	32,425	50.9	53.6	48.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,465	63,040	66,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	114,055	55,405	58,650	88.1	87.9	88.3
Movers	15,415	7,640	7,770	11.9	12.1	11.7
Non-migrants	6,830	3,350	3,475	5.3	5.3	5.2
Migrants	8,580	4,285	4,295	6.6	6.8	6.5
Internal migrants	6,810	3,395	3,415	5.3	5.4	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,885	2,910	2,980	4.5	4.6	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	925	490	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	1,775	895	885	1.4	1.4	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	124,310	60,420	63,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,965	35,935	38,025	59.5	59.5	59.5
Movers	50,345	24,480	25,860	40.5	40.5	40.5
Non-migrants	14,310	7,070	7,235	11.5	11.7	11.3
Migrants	36,035	17,415	18,625	29.0	28.8	29.2
Internal migrants	27,070	13,285	13,780	21.8	22.0	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	23,685	11,605	12,080	19.1	19.2	18.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,390	1,685	1,700	2.7	2.8	2.7
External migrants	8,965	4,125	4,840	7.2	6.8	7.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,470	52,820	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,935	6,765	6,170	11.8	12.8	10.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	96,535	46,050	50,485	88.2	87.2	89.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,155	35,480	38,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,550	2,585	1,965	6.1	7.3	5.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,610	32,895	36,710	93.9	92.7	94.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,470	52,815	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,565	5,930	5,635	10.6	11.2	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,800	14,800	15,995	28.1	28.0	28.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	67,105	32,085	35,020	61.3	60.7	61.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,335	14,985	15,345	27.7	28.4	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,250	5,270	1,985	6.6	10.0	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,165	1,765	1,395	2.9	3.3	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,085	3,500	585	3.7	6.6	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,780	7,850	10,930	17.2	14.9	19.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,310	1,875	2,435	3.9	3.6	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	36,770	17,100	19,675	33.6	32.4	34.7
Bachelor's degree	24,700	11,110	13,585	22.6	21.0	24.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,775	1,220	1,545	2.5	2.3	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	385	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	7,280	3,610	3,670	6.7	6.8	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,215	770	445	1.1	1.5	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,155	35,480	38,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,730	2,105	1,630	5.0	5.9	4.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,675	8,215	8,460	22.5	23.2	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,745	25,165	28,580	72.5	70.9	73.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,615	11,120	11,495	30.5	31.3	29.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,225	3,895	1,325	7.0	11.0	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,190	1,265	925	3.0	3.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,030	2,625	405	4.1	7.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,115	5,825	8,285	19.0	16.4	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,280	1,400	1,885	4.4	3.9	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,135	14,050	17,080	42.0	39.6	44.2
Bachelor's degree	20,730	9,075	11,660	28.0	25.6	30.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,345	1,005	1,340	3.2	2.8	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	660	280	380	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	6,410	3,105	3,305	8.6	8.8	8.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	985	585	400	1.3	1.6	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	109,465	52,815	56,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,360	20,730	21,635	38.7	39.3	38.2
Education	3,645	805	2,840	3.3	1.5	5.0
13. Education	3,645	805	2,840	3.3	1.5	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,915	1,215	1,705	2.7	2.3	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	345	240	105	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,575	970	1,600	2.4	1.8	2.8
Humanities	3,820	1,250	2,575	3.5	2.4	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	745	175	570	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,005	260	745	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,195	365	830	1.1	0.7	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	180	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	15	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,560	2,895	5,670	7.8	5.5	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	990	370	625	0.9	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,200	95	1,110	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,235	350	885	1.1	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,500	380	1,120	1.4	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	3,435	1,660	1,775	3.1	3.1	3.1
Business, management and public administration	15,095	6,340	8,765	13.8	12.0	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	495	115	380	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,580	6,220	8,360	13.3	11.8	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,415	1,690	1,730	3.1	3.2	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,305	510	800	1.2	1.0	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	855	390	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,140	755	390	1.0	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,165	2,745	1,425	3.8	5.2	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,390	2,380	1,010	3.1	4.5	1.8
25. Library science	150	10	145	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	555	305	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,275	11,470	1,805	12.1	21.7	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	525	305	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	5,215	4,125	1,090	4.8	7.8	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,535	2,195	345	2.3	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,415	2,355	60	2.2	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,620	45	1.5	3.1	0.1
48. Precision production	915	865	50	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,050	485	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	725	305	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	185	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	8,425	1,915	6,505	7.7	3.6	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	795	450	340	0.7	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,470	1,395	6,080	6.8	2.6	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,725	1,280	1,445	2.5	2.4	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,815	530	1,285	1.7	1.0	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	330	245	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	470	65	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,155	35,480	38,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,410	10,320	10,090	27.5	29.1	26.1
Education	2,730	540	2,190	3.7	1.5	5.7
13. Education	2,730	540	2,190	3.7	1.5	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,365	1,020	1,345	3.2	2.9	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	185	75	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,100	835	1,265	2.8	2.4	3.3
Humanities	3,030	945	2,085	4.1	2.7	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	590	135	455	0.8	0.4	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	800	185	615	1.1	0.5	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	945	280	670	1.3	0.8	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	125	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	265	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,170	2,375	4,795	9.7	6.7	12.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	305	545	1.1	0.9	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	90	840	1.3	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,060	265	790	1.4	0.7	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,270	295	975	1.7	0.8	2.5
45. Social sciences	2,900	1,385	1,510	3.9	3.9	3.9
Business, management and public administration	12,445	5,170	7,275	16.8	14.6	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	95	305	0.5	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,030	5,070	6,955	16.2	14.3	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,615	1,225	1,390	3.5	3.5	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,065	400	665	1.4	1.1	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	265	360	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	855	540	310	1.2	1.5	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,605	2,405	1,200	4.9	6.8	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,030	2,155	875	4.1	6.1	2.3
25. Library science	115	0	105	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	410	205	200	0.6	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,260	8,695	1,560	13.8	24.5	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	450	255	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	4,220	3,260	960	5.7	9.2	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,840	1,550	295	2.5	4.4	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,820	1,780	40	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,280	1,240	35	1.7	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	650	615	35	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	355	465	1.1	1.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	555	215	335	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	6,670	1,480	5,190	9.0	4.2	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	635	380	260	0.9	1.1	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,895	1,050	4,845	7.9	3.0	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,030	940	1,085	2.7	2.6	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,365	405	960	1.8	1.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	200	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	320	60	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,155	35,480	38,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,410	10,320	10,090	27.5	29.1	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	53,745	25,165	28,585	72.5	70.9	73.9
Location of study inside Canada	33,940	16,410	17,530	45.8	46.3	45.3
Same as province or territory of residence	28,710	13,670	15,050	38.7	38.5	38.9
Different than province or territory of residence	5,220	2,740	2,480	7.0	7.7	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,810	8,755	11,055	26.7	24.7	28.6
Americas	2,695	1,375	1,320	3.6	3.9	3.4
United States of America	1,550	835	715	2.1	2.4	1.8
Mexico	330	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	370	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	170	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Europe	3,225	1,645	1,580	4.3	4.6	4.1
Belgium	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	220	80	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romania	365	190	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	450	215	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	290	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	90	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	790	450	340	1.1	1.3	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	470	230	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Africa	495	235	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	290	135	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	12,995	5,310	7,685	17.5	15.0	19.9
Iran⁸⁸	2,570	1,135	1,435	3.5	3.2	3.7
Iraq	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	105	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	3,530	1,460	2,070	4.8	4.1	5.4
Taiwan	440	130	305	0.6	0.4	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	580	235	340	0.8	0.7	0.9
Japan	270	65	200	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	2,240	855	1,385	3.0	2.4	3.6
Philippines	1,430	495	940	1.9	1.4	2.4
Viet Nam	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	690	325	365	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	670	290	385	0.9	0.8	1.0
Oceania	400	190	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	310	140	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	109,470	52,815	56,650	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,870	37,090	34,790	...	...	...
Employed	65,840	34,140	31,700	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,035	2,945	3,090	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,595	15,730	21,870	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.7	70.2	61.4	65.7	70.2	61.4
Employment rate	60.1	64.6	56.0	60.1	64.6	56.0
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.9	8.9	8.4	7.9	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	109,465	52,815	56,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,420	16,260	22,155	35.1	30.8	39.1
Worked	71,055	36,555	34,495	64.9	69.2	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,230	22,500	16,730	35.8	42.6	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,820	14,055	17,765	29.1	26.6	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.8	40.0	41.4	42.8	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,875	37,090	34,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	850	915	2.5	2.3	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,110	36,235	33,870	97.5	97.7	97.4
Employee	58,870	29,555	29,310	81.9	79.7	84.3
Permanent position	50,250	25,805	24,445	69.9	69.6	70.3
Temporary position	8,620	3,755	4,865	12.0	10.1	14.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,115	1,450	1,665	4.3	3.9	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,505	2,305	3,200	7.7	6.2	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,240	6,680	4,560	15.6	18.0	13.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,875	37,090	34,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	850	915	2.5	2.3	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,110	36,235	33,870	97.5	97.7	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	850	640	205	1.2	1.7	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,930	4,565	9,365	19.4	12.3	26.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,590	5,900	1,680	10.6	15.9	4.8
3 Health occupations	4,865	1,060	3,810	6.8	2.9	11.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,550	2,670	5,880	11.9	7.2	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,820	1,420	1,400	3.9	3.8	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	17,600	7,845	9,755	24.5	21.2	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,160	10,145	1,015	15.5	27.4	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	630	515	120	0.9	1.4	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,120	1,485	635	2.9	4.0	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,875	37,090	34,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	850	915	2.5	2.3	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	70,110	36,235	33,870	97.5	97.7	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	190	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	190	125	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
22 Utilities	565	440	130	0.8	1.2	0.4
23 Construction	6,405	5,410	995	8.9	14.6	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	4,355	2,970	1,390	6.1	8.0	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	3,025	1,990	1,035	4.2	5.4	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	8,125	3,825	4,295	11.3	10.3	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,235	2,505	735	4.5	6.8	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	2,520	1,660	860	3.5	4.5	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	3,490	1,555	1,940	4.9	4.2	5.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,735	925	805	2.4	2.5	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,430	4,370	3,055	10.3	11.8	8.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,510	1,390	1,120	3.5	3.7	3.2
61 Educational services	5,325	1,710	3,615	7.4	4.6	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,125	1,455	6,675	11.3	3.9	19.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,505	780	730	2.1	2.1	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	4,250	1,800	2,445	5.9	4.9	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,000	1,225	1,775	4.2	3.3	5.1
91 Public administration	3,795	1,825	1,975	5.3	4.9	5.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,415	39,100	37,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,480	35,460	33,020	89.6	90.7	88.5
French	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,760	820	940	2.3	2.1	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,760	820	940	2.3	2.1	2.5
English and French	565	165	395	0.7	0.4	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,370	2,545	2,830	7.0	6.5	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,415	39,100	37,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,235	38,525	36,705	98.5	98.5	98.4
Official languages	71,860	36,940	34,920	94.0	94.5	93.6
English	71,650	36,885	34,765	93.8	94.3	93.2
French	210	55	155	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	3,375	1,585	1,790	4.4	4.1	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,375	1,585	1,790	4.4	4.1	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	635	305	325	0.8	0.8	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	180	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	135	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	260	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	810	400	405	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,760	815	945	2.3	2.1	2.5
Chinese languages	1,760	815	945	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,245	585	660	1.6	1.5	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	505	230	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,180	575	605	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	515	530	1.4	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,415	39,100	37,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,310	36,795	34,520	93.3	94.1	92.5
English	1,575	725	845	2.1	1.9	2.3
French	345	100	240	0.5	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	2,550	1,205	1,345	3.3	3.1	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,550	1,205	1,345	3.3	3.1	3.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	465	230	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,835	34,140	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,735	8,145	8,585	25.4	23.9	27.1
Worked outside Canada	390	250	135	0.6	0.7	0.4
No fixed workplace address	9,140	6,750	2,395	13.9	19.8	7.6
Usual place of work	39,570	18,990	20,575	60.1	55.6	64.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,570	18,990	20,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,780	5,025	6,755	29.8	26.5	32.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,150	13,570	13,585	68.6	71.5	66.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	525	330	195	1.3	1.7	0.9
Commute to a different province or territory	110	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,715	25,740	22,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,325	22,190	18,130	82.8	86.2	78.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,110	21,115	15,990	76.2	82.0	69.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,215	1,075	2,140	6.6	4.2	9.3
Public transit	5,045	2,075	2,970	10.4	8.1	12.9
Walked	2,010	780	1,235	4.1	3.0	5.4
Bicycle	365	255	110	0.7	1.0	0.5
Other method	965	435	535	2.0	1.7	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,715	25,740	22,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,960	4,815	6,145	22.5	18.7	26.8
15 to 29 minutes	13,885	6,650	7,235	28.5	25.8	31.5
30 to 44 minutes	11,550	6,950	4,595	23.7	27.0	20.0
45 to 59 minutes	6,690	4,140	2,550	13.7	16.1	11.1
60 minutes and over	5,635	3,190	2,445	11.6	12.4	10.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,715	25,740	22,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,410	2,540	870	7.0	9.9	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,370	5,420	2,945	17.2	21.1	12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,360	5,780	5,585	23.3	22.5	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,545	4,315	5,225	19.6	16.8	22.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,930	4,055	4,880	18.3	15.8	21.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,105	3,625	3,480	14.6	14.1	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,300	13,510	12,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,445	740	705	5.5	5.5	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,855	12,765	12,090	94.5	94.5	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,620	10,135	9,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	590	535	5.7	5.8	5.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	695	360	335	3.5	3.6	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	225	200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,500	9,555	8,950	94.3	94.3	94.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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