Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chilliwack--HopeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	112,037	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	100,126	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,531	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,071	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	34.1	...	...	34.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,283.75	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,035	55,005	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,890	10,255	9,635	17.8	18.6	16.9
0 to 4 years	6,180	3,160	3,015	5.5	5.7	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,705	3,460	3,250	6.0	6.3	5.7
10 to 14 years	7,005	3,640	3,370	6.3	6.6	5.9
15 to 64 years	68,030	33,595	34,445	60.7	61.1	60.4
15 to 19 years	6,430	3,345	3,090	5.7	6.1	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,530	2,805	2,730	4.9	5.1	4.8
25 to 29 years	6,155	3,115	3,040	5.5	5.7	5.3
30 to 34 years	6,850	3,365	3,480	6.1	6.1	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,410	3,715	3,695	6.6	6.8	6.5
40 to 44 years	6,505	3,155	3,350	5.8	5.7	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,520	3,200	3,320	5.8	5.8	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,935	3,370	3,565	6.2	6.1	6.3
55 to 59 years	7,695	3,745	3,950	6.9	6.8	6.9
60 to 64 years	8,005	3,780	4,225	7.1	6.9	7.4
65 years and over	24,110	11,155	12,955	21.5	20.3	22.7
65 to 69 years	7,190	3,405	3,785	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,480	3,085	3,390	5.8	5.6	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,635	2,170	2,465	4.1	3.9	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,990	1,365	1,625	2.7	2.5	2.8
85 years and over	2,820	1,125	1,690	2.5	2.0	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,755	760	1,000	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	825	315	515	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	210	50	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.6	16.9	17.8	18.6	16.9
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.1	60.4	60.7	61.1	60.4
65 years and over	21.5	20.3	22.7	21.5	20.3	22.7
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	3.0	2.5	2.0	3.0
Average age of the population	42.5	41.5	43.5	42.5	41.5	43.5
Median age of the population	42.8	41.2	44.4	42.8	41.2	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,475	...	...	57.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,605	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	5,745	...	...	13.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,720	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,445	...	...	16.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,740	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,930	...	...	27.1	...	...
2 persons	16,010	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	5,495	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,565	...	...	10.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,200	54,155	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,145	44,750	47,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,460	27,225	27,240	59.1	60.8	57.5
Married	45,500	22,770	22,725	49.4	50.9	47.9
Living common-law	8,960	4,455	4,510	9.7	10.0	9.5
Living common law - Never married	5,885	2,965	2,915	6.4	6.6	6.1
Living common law - Separated	620	310	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,145	1,070	1,075	2.3	2.4	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	315	110	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	37,685	17,525	20,155	40.9	39.2	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,705	12,480	10,225	24.6	27.9	21.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,870	1,225	1,645	3.1	2.7	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,425	2,490	3,930	7.0	5.6	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,685	1,330	4,355	6.2	3.0	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,345	...	...	54.7	...	...
3 persons	5,990	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	5,290	...	...	16.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,085	...	...	9.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,675	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	22,190	...	...	70.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,570	...	...	33.3	...	...
Without children	11,620	...	...	36.7	...	...
Common-law couples	4,485	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,770	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	2,710	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,030	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,810	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,220	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,200	54,155	56,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,740	45,080	45,655	82.3	83.2	81.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,345	26,610	26,735	48.4	49.1	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,035	1,220	3,815	4.6	2.3	6.8
Children⁶	32,365	17,250	15,110	29.4	31.9	27.0
In a two-parent family	24,445	12,955	11,490	22.2	23.9	20.5
In a one-parent family	7,915	4,295	3,620	7.2	7.9	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,460	9,075	10,385	17.7	16.8	18.5
Living alone	11,930	5,265	6,665	10.8	9.7	11.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,810	1,215	1,595	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,720	2,595	2,125	4.3	4.8	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,445	...	...	60.0	...	...
Couple-family households	22,860	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,380	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	12,480	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,585	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,510	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,980	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,745	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	11,930	...	...	27.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,350	43,915	46,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,670	42,590	45,080	97.0	97.0	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	33,600	39,200	48,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,725	42,620	45,105	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	31,400	36,400	43,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,225	38,495	38,730	85.5	87.7	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	44,400	24,200	33,200	44,400	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,945	31,015	28,930	66.3	70.6	62.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	48,400	27,600	36,800	48,400	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,720	33,695	40,025	81.6	76.7	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	9,700	12,600	11,700	9,700	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,580	3,170	4,410	8.4	7.2	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,480	5,480	5,120	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,770	8,815	10,955	21.9	20.1	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,355	43,925	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,590	42,550	45,040	96.9	96.9	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,920	57,500	40,800	48,920	57,500	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,640	42,585	45,055	97.0	96.9	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,760	36,360	42,400	48,760	36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,230	38,370	38,860	85.5	87.4	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	54,150	33,920	43,960	54,150	33,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,890	31,060	28,830	66.3	70.7	62.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,750	35,720	45,600	54,750	35,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,670	33,750	39,925	81.5	76.8	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,060	10,930	13,000	12,060	10,930	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,290	2,990	4,300	8.1	6.8	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,560	5,765	7,120	6,560	5,765	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,615	8,810	10,810	21.7	20.1	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,520	9,200	8,900	8,520	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,350	43,925	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,815	17,275	11,535	31.9	39.3	24.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	68,500	50,800	60,000	68,500	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	74,100	56,300	67,000	74,100	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,920	9,865	13,055	25.4	22.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,400	16,400	18,000	20,400	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	33,200	23,360	27,600	33,200	23,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	85.0	71.8	79.2	85.0	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.7	69.6	56.0	63.7	69.6	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7	15.1	28.3	20.7	15.1	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	3.9	7.2	5.3	3.9	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.1	5.4	4.1	3.1	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,355	43,915	46,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,680	1,325	1,355	3.0	3.0	2.9
With total income	87,670	42,590	45,080	97.0	97.0	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,465	3,025	4,435	8.5	7.1	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,180	4,085	7,095	12.8	9.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,140	5,665	8,480	16.1	13.3	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,695	4,710	6,975	13.3	11.1	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,130	4,630	5,500	11.6	10.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,165	4,080	4,085	9.3	9.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,225	3,630	2,595	7.1	8.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,735	2,995	1,745	5.4	7.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510	2,330	1,180	4.0	5.5	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,945	1,945	1,005	3.4	4.6	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,480	5,490	1,990	8.5	12.9	4.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,560	3,975	1,585	6.3	9.3	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,920	1,520	405	2.2	3.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,355	43,915	46,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,630	1,290	1,335	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	87,730	42,620	45,105	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,800	3,145	4,655	8.9	7.4	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,510	4,205	7,300	13.1	9.9	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,830	6,365	9,470	18.0	14.9	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,500	5,710	7,790	15.4	13.4	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,340	5,480	5,855	12.9	12.9	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,565	4,725	3,840	9.8	11.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,020	3,835	2,185	6.9	9.0	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,415	2,940	1,475	5.0	6.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095	2,055	1,045	3.5	4.8	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,895	1,320	580	2.2	3.1	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,755	2,840	915	4.3	6.7	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,155	1,610	545	2.5	3.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,600	1,225	370	1.8	2.9	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,355	43,915	46,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,405	12,900	17,505	33.7	29.4	37.7
With employment income	59,945	31,015	28,930	66.3	70.6	62.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,425	3,685	4,740	14.1	11.9	16.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	1,840	2,840	7.8	5.9	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,145	2,850	4,300	11.9	9.2	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,700	2,340	3,365	9.5	7.5	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,950	2,600	3,345	9.9	8.4	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,320	2,595	2,725	8.9	8.4	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,790	2,580	2,215	8.0	8.3	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,085	2,565	1,515	6.8	8.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,305	2,255	1,045	5.5	7.3	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,725	1,885	840	4.5	6.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,340	1,580	760	3.9	5.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,470	4,235	1,240	9.1	13.7	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,945	2,195	745	4.9	7.1	2.6
$125,000 and over	2,530	2,040	490	4.2	6.6	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,350	43,915	46,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,665	41,555	44,110	94.8	94.6	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,800	29,800	36,800	46,800	29,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,880	41,585	44,300	95.1	94.7	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	27,800	33,600	41,600	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,645	38,050	38,590	84.8	86.6	83.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	45,200	25,400	33,600	45,200	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,900	32,230	30,670	69.6	73.4	66.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	46,400	26,600	34,800	46,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,325	25,380	34,945	66.8	57.8	75.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,100	9,400	9,300	9,100	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,920	2,435	3,480	6.6	5.5	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,960	5,480	5,280	4,960	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,355	43,925	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,750	41,580	44,170	94.9	94.7	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,360	55,550	37,680	46,360	55,550	37,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,010	41,625	44,385	95.2	94.8	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,560	46,440	33,120	39,560	46,440	33,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,780	37,935	38,845	85.0	86.4	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	54,350	33,640	43,880	54,350	33,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,900	32,175	30,720	69.6	73.2	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560	53,000	33,680	43,560	53,000	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,495	25,440	35,055	67.0	57.9	75.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,020	9,780	10,200	10,020	9,780	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,725	2,370	3,360	6.3	5.4	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,070	7,650	7,000	6,070	7,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,350	43,925	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,640	17,165	11,475	31.7	39.1	24.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	64,500	46,400	56,400	64,500	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,200	70,900	51,750	63,200	70,900	51,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,675	9,280	12,390	24.0	21.1	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	26,400	21,200	23,200	26,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640	39,440	27,520	32,640	39,440	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	89.2	78.6	84.8	89.2	78.6
Employment income (%)	69.0	73.8	62.2	69.0	73.8	62.2
Government transfers (%)	15.2	10.8	21.5	15.2	10.8	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,240	...	...	47,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,480	...	...	41,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...	115,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,020	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,955	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,430	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,500	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,820	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,735	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,495	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,140	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,920	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,695	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,560	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,085	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,340	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,965	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,470	...	...	10.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,320	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,050	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,020	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,650	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,705	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,070	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,000	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,975	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,990	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,500	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,350	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,815	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,835	...	...	31.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,415	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,465	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,950	...	...	11.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,650	7,860	8,790	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,600	34,000	36,400	39,600	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,000	32,400	34,000	36,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...	99,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	123,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,545	7,765	8,780	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,480	47,040	42,200	44,480	47,040	42,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,240	40,960	37,720	39,240	40,960	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,200	54,155	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,855	12,305	11,550	21.6	22.7	20.6
0 to 5 years	7,480	3,860	3,615	6.8	7.1	6.5
18 to 64 years	63,385	31,090	32,290	57.5	57.4	57.6
65 years and over	22,960	10,760	12,205	20.8	19.9	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,460	5,185	6,275	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,580	1,310	1,270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	780	405	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,530	2,560	2,965	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,350	1,310	2,040	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.4	9.6	11.2	10.4	9.6	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	10.7	11.0	10.8	10.7	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.4	10.5	10.5	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.2	9.2	8.7	8.2	9.2
65 years and over (%)	14.6	12.2	16.7	14.6	12.2	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,580	51,540	53,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,195	11,980	11,215	22.2	23.2	21.1
0 to 5 years	7,265	3,765	3,505	6.9	7.3	6.6
18 to 64 years	61,100	30,015	31,085	58.4	58.2	58.6
65 years and over	20,285	9,545	10,740	19.4	18.5	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,425	1,725	1,705	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	740	355	385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	190	110	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,345	1,225	1,120	...	...	...
65 years and over	345	150	200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.4	2.7	2.8	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.1	3.6	3.8	4.1	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,200	54,155	56,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,910	27,135	29,780	51.6	50.1	53.1
In bottom decile	10,590	4,935	5,655	9.6	9.1	10.1
In second decile	11,130	5,070	6,060	10.1	9.4	10.8
In third decile	11,425	5,440	5,985	10.4	10.0	10.7
In fourth decile	12,055	5,940	6,110	10.9	11.0	10.9
In fifth decile	11,715	5,745	5,970	10.6	10.6	10.7
In top half of the distribution	53,290	27,020	26,265	48.4	49.9	46.9
In sixth decile	11,585	5,760	5,820	10.5	10.6	10.4
In seventh decile	11,250	5,690	5,565	10.2	10.5	9.9
In eighth decile	11,245	5,770	5,480	10.2	10.7	9.8
In ninth decile	10,665	5,390	5,280	9.7	10.0	9.4
In top decile	8,540	4,415	4,125	7.7	8.2	7.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,170	54,590	56,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,485	52,100	53,390	94.9	95.4	94.4
French only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,780	2,060	2,715	4.3	3.8	4.8
Neither English nor French	865	405	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,170	54,590	56,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,195	53,630	55,560	98.2	98.2	98.2
French	995	495	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	830	390	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,170	54,590	56,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,000	53,545	55,450	98.0	98.1	98.0
Official languages	96,680	47,755	48,925	87.0	87.5	86.5
English	95,590	47,210	48,375	86.0	86.5	85.5
French	1,090	545	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	12,315	5,795	6,520	11.1	10.6	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,240	5,760	6,475	11.0	10.6	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	485	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	840	340	500	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645	255	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,470	4,055	4,410	7.6	7.4	7.8
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	935	395	540	0.8	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	915	390	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	245	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,930	1,850	2,085	3.5	3.4	3.7
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,145	1,000	1,145	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	2,110	980	1,130	1.9	1.8	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,565	750	815	1.4	1.4	1.4
Afrikaans	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,335	640	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,960	990	965	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,735	870	865	1.6	1.6	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,235	620	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,520	750	765	1.4	1.4	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	870	430	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	485	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,005	470	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	960	450	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	600	270	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,170	1,040	1,135	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,615	775	835	1.5	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,170	54,590	56,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,685	49,175	50,515	89.7	90.1	89.3
French	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	2,600	1,285	1,320	2.3	2.4	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,600	1,285	1,320	2.3	2.4	2.3
English and French	655	310	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,640	3,550	4,095	6.9	6.5	7.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,170	54,590	56,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,620	53,885	55,740	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	104,500	51,365	53,140	94.0	94.1	93.9
English	104,260	51,250	53,010	93.8	93.9	93.7
French	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,120	2,520	2,600	4.6	4.6	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,120	2,520	2,600	4.6	4.6	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	190	195	0.4	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,895	1,420	1,475	2.6	2.6	2.6
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	555	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	310	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,350	665	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,215	595	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	925	455	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	620	325	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	385	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	330	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	440	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,545	705	845	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	645	770	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,170	54,585	56,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,785	51,130	52,655	93.4	93.7	93.1
English	2,060	995	1,065	1.9	1.8	1.9
French	525	240	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	4,020	1,825	2,190	3.6	3.3	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,925	1,795	2,135	3.5	3.3	3.8
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,160	54,150	56,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,390	53,815	55,585	99.3	99.4	99.2
English	109,350	53,795	55,555	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	4,805	2,110	2,695	4.4	3.9	4.8
Non-official languages	17,410	8,265	9,145	15.8	15.3	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	100	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,145	8,165	8,985	15.6	15.1	16.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	385	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	535	250	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	535	250	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,210	500	715	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,080	425	655	1.0	0.8	1.2
Waray-Waray	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,300	5,930	6,375	11.2	11.0	11.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,225	560	665	1.1	1.0	1.2
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,215	555	665	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	510	240	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,325	2,470	2,850	4.8	4.6	5.1
Frisian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,920	1,360	1,560	2.7	2.5	2.8
German	2,895	1,345	1,550	2.6	2.5	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,250	1,060	1,195	2.0	2.0	2.1
Afrikaans	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	1,910	885	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.8
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,005	1,525	1,480	2.7	2.8	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,715	1,345	1,370	2.5	2.5	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,065	535	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,915	960	955	1.7	1.8	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	320	190	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	310	185	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	275	165	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,995	1,500	1,495	2.7	2.8	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	350	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	395	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	355	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,045	1,030	1,020	1.9	1.9	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	255	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	550	255	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,345	700	645	1.2	1.3	1.2
Chinese languages	1,280	670	610	1.2	1.2	1.1
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	930	470	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	450	260	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,160	54,150	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,155	4,825	5,335	9.2	8.9	9.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,755	4,655	5,095	8.9	8.6	9.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,690	3,205	3,475	6.1	5.9	6.2
Métis	2,990	1,415	1,580	2.7	2.6	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	100,000	49,325	50,675	90.8	91.1	90.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,160	54,150	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,770	2,225	2,545	4.3	4.1	4.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	105,390	51,925	53,465	95.7	95.9	95.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,730	...	...	74.3	...	...
Renter	11,070	...	...	25.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,430	...	...	19.1	...	...
Not condominium	35,630	...	...	80.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	4,725	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,950	...	...	27.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,635	...	...	30.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,470	...	...	30.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,630	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	7,215	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,710	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,435	...	...	12.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,070	...	...	31.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,455	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	610	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,235	...	...	95.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,830	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,790	...	...	10.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,905	...	...	22.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,255	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,130	...	...	18.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,080	...	...	7.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,845	...	...	11.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,020	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,025	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,845	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,215	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,980	...	...	47.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,500	...	...	46.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,585	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	915	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,375	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,190	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,370	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,735	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,970	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,895	...	...	11.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,620	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,140	...	...	79.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,550	...	...	21.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,845	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,420	...	...	25.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,600	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,415	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	615	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,635	...	...	74.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,825	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not in core need	36,155	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,035	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.0	...	...	62.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	758,000	...	...	758,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,745	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.1	...	...	38.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312	...	...	1,312	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	265	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	484	...	...	484	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,160	54,150	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,890	1,895	1,990	3.5	3.5	3.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,825	1,875	1,950	3.5	3.5	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,400	1,660	1,740	3.1	3.1	3.1
Métis single ancestry	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,425	3,150	3,275	5.8	5.8	5.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,230	3,045	3,185	5.7	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,370	2,110	2,255	4.0	3.9	4.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,810	910	895	1.6	1.7	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	99,845	49,100	50,745	90.6	90.7	90.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,160	54,145	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,260	51,795	53,470	95.6	95.7	95.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,115	11,920	11,195	21.0	22.0	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,150	39,875	42,270	74.6	73.6	75.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,900	2,355	2,540	4.4	4.3	4.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,160	54,145	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,485	46,180	47,305	84.9	85.3	84.5
Immigrants⁸¹	15,885	7,550	8,330	14.4	13.9	14.9
Before 1980	5,425	2,590	2,840	4.9	4.8	5.1
1980 to 1990	1,950	935	1,015	1.8	1.7	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,200	990	1,205	2.0	1.8	2.2
2001 to 2010	2,900	1,400	1,500	2.6	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,410	1,640	1,770	3.1	3.0	3.2
2011 to 2015	1,710	860	850	1.6	1.6	1.5
2016 to 2021	1,700	780	920	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	795	420	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,880	7,550	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,840	875	965	11.6	11.6	11.6
5 to 14 years	3,200	1,620	1,585	20.2	21.5	19.0
15 to 24 years	3,470	1,650	1,815	21.9	21.9	21.8
25 to 44 years	6,130	2,875	3,255	38.6	38.1	39.1
45 years and over	1,240	535	705	7.8	7.1	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,880	7,550	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,435	1,135	1,300	15.3	15.0	15.6
Brazil	195	110	85	1.2	1.5	1.0
Colombia	95	35	55	0.6	0.5	0.7
El Salvador	170	95	75	1.1	1.3	0.9
Guyana	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	70	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mexico	200	65	135	1.3	0.9	1.6
Peru	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,225	530	695	7.7	7.0	8.3
Other places of birth in Americas	385	195	190	2.4	2.6	2.3
Europe	7,230	3,510	3,725	45.5	46.5	44.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
France	55	20	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Germany	925	460	470	5.8	6.1	5.6
Greece	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	150	65	90	0.9	0.9	1.1
Italy	90	45	40	0.6	0.6	0.5
Netherlands	1,360	655	705	8.6	8.7	8.5
Poland	250	105	145	1.6	1.4	1.7
Portugal	80	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	285	150	135	1.8	2.0	1.6
Russian Federation	150	60	85	0.9	0.8	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	145	75	75	0.9	1.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,680	1,355	1,325	16.9	17.9	15.9
Other places of birth in Europe	900	405	495	5.7	5.4	5.9
Africa	795	415	380	5.0	5.5	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	70	50	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	365	180	185	2.3	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	250	120	135	1.6	1.6	1.6
Asia	5,020	2,295	2,725	31.6	30.4	32.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	225	130	100	1.4	1.7	1.2
Iraq	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkey	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	575	285	295	3.6	3.8	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	340	175	165	2.1	2.3	2.0
Taiwan	130	65	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Philippines	1,035	400	635	6.5	5.3	7.6
Viet Nam	450	210	245	2.8	2.8	2.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,230	570	660	7.7	7.5	7.9
Pakistan	150	80	75	0.9	1.1	0.9
Sri Lanka	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	585	235	350	3.7	3.1	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	400	200	200	2.5	2.6	2.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,700	780	925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	280	130	150	16.5	16.7	16.2
Brazil	75	35	35	4.4	4.5	3.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	20	25	2.4	2.6	2.7
United States of America	110	45	65	6.5	5.8	7.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20	2.1	2.6	2.2
Europe	315	160	150	18.5	20.5	16.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	2.1	2.6	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	60	30	5.3	7.7	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	145	60	80	8.5	7.7	8.6
Africa	110	40	65	6.5	5.1	7.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	15	1.5	1.3	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	30	2.9	1.9	3.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	1.5	1.9	1.1
Asia	950	415	535	55.9	53.2	57.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	65	75	8.5	8.3	8.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	135	140	16.5	17.3	15.1
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	1.5	1.9	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	3.2	3.2	3.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
Pakistan	35	20	15	2.1	2.6	1.6
Philippines	205	65	145	12.1	8.3	15.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	10	1.5	1.3	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	2.9	3.8	2.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	15	25	2.1	1.9	2.7
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	20	2.6	2.6	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	50	35	15	2.9	4.5	1.6
Australia	30	25	0	1.8	3.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,160	54,150	56,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,775	8,495	9,280	16.1	15.7	16.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,775	11,255	11,520	20.7	20.8	20.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	69,605	34,400	35,210	63.2	63.5	62.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,460	4,965	5,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,255	2,710	2,545	50.2	54.6	46.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,160	1,445	715	20.7	29.1	13.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,100	1,265	1,830	29.6	25.5	33.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,815	1,555	2,260	36.5	31.3	41.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,280	670	610	12.2	13.5	11.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	30	75	1.0	0.6	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,460	4,965	5,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	245	135	110	2.3	2.7	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,630	780	855	15.6	15.7	15.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	370	210	165	3.5	4.2	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	440	225	215	4.2	4.5	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,705	3,585	4,125	73.7	72.2	75.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,160	54,150	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,800	5,800	6,000	10.7	10.7	10.7
South Asian	3,255	1,635	1,620	3.0	3.0	2.9
Chinese	1,585	845	745	1.4	1.6	1.3
Black	1,060	510	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
Filipino	1,590	660	925	1.4	1.2	1.7
Arab	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	1,115	570	540	1.0	1.1	1.0
Southeast Asian	995	490	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
West Asian	280	160	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	560	275	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	405	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	220	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	495	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,360	48,350	50,010	89.3	89.3	89.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,160	54,145	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,150	7,220	6,930	12.8	13.3	12.4
English	27,845	13,325	14,520	25.3	24.6	25.9
Irish	17,085	7,850	9,235	15.5	14.5	16.5
Scottish	21,520	10,370	11,145	19.5	19.2	19.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,885	4,210	4,675	8.1	7.8	8.3
German	19,695	9,455	10,230	17.9	17.5	18.3
Chinese	1,790	935	860	1.6	1.7	1.5
Italian	3,015	1,550	1,455	2.7	2.9	2.6
Indian (India)	1,785	915	870	1.6	1.7	1.6
Ukrainian	5,985	2,955	3,025	5.4	5.5	5.4
Dutch	11,835	5,945	5,890	10.7	11.0	10.5
Polish	3,145	1,525	1,620	2.9	2.8	2.9
Québécois	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,595	2,170	2,425	4.2	4.0	4.3
Filipino	1,610	665	955	1.5	1.2	1.7
French Canadian	1,080	495	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,415	1,190	1,220	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,830	2,350	2,480	4.4	4.3	4.4
Métis	2,460	1,240	1,225	2.2	2.3	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,135	1,595	1,540	2.8	2.9	2.7
Russian	4,510	2,240	2,270	4.1	4.1	4.1
Norwegian	3,980	1,920	2,050	3.6	3.5	3.7
Welsh	2,445	1,165	1,280	2.2	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	605	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	1,925	970	955	1.7	1.8	1.7
Spanish	825	410	425	0.7	0.8	0.8
Swedish	2,885	1,405	1,485	2.6	2.6	2.7
Hungarian	1,630	780	845	1.5	1.4	1.5
Acadian	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	430	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vietnamese	700	365	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	725	365	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Korean	550	280	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	995	520	475	0.9	1.0	0.8
Lebanese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	225	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	450	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,825	810	1,015	1.7	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	830	405	425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	1,095	550	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	480	245	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	615	300	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	1,770	850	920	1.6	1.6	1.6
Swiss	800	415	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Finnish	805	410	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lankan	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	650	300	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	725	350	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Muslim	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	730	365	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	410	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syrian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	140	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	335	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	250	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	320	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	85	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	775	345	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ecuadorian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	245	155	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jatt	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,160	54,150	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	605	300	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Christian	50,085	22,970	27,120	45.5	42.4	48.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	18,880	8,925	9,955	17.1	16.5	17.8
Anabaptist	2,135	990	1,140	1.9	1.8	2.0
Anglican	3,380	1,450	1,930	3.1	2.7	3.4
Baptist	1,465	715	745	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catholic	9,390	4,285	5,105	8.5	7.9	9.1
Christian Orthodox	550	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	650	300	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	1,445	620	830	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,575	680	895	1.4	1.3	1.6
Presbyterian	570	240	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	2,120	980	1,140	1.9	1.8	2.0
United Church	3,290	1,340	1,945	3.0	2.5	3.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,950	1,850	2,100	3.6	3.4	3.7
Hindu	665	355	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	785	395	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	1,635	835	805	1.5	1.5	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	405	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,180	485	695	1.1	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	54,635	28,525	26,110	49.6	52.7	46.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,090	53,590	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,595	46,200	47,395	85.8	86.2	85.4
Movers	15,500	7,395	8,110	14.2	13.8	14.6
Non-migrants	8,470	3,880	4,590	7.8	7.2	8.3
Migrants	7,030	3,515	3,515	6.4	6.6	6.3
Internal migrants	6,640	3,325	3,315	6.1	6.2	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,650	2,840	2,810	5.2	5.3	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	990	490	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	390	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,990	50,965	53,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,290	26,185	27,110	51.2	51.4	51.1
Movers	50,700	24,780	25,915	48.8	48.6	48.9
Non-migrants	20,320	10,025	10,300	19.5	19.7	19.4
Migrants	30,380	14,760	15,620	29.2	29.0	29.5
Internal migrants	28,410	13,825	14,590	27.3	27.1	27.5
Intraprovincial migrants	24,615	11,885	12,730	23.7	23.3	24.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,800	1,935	1,855	3.7	3.8	3.5
External migrants	1,970	940	1,035	1.9	1.8	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,350	43,925	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,780	9,655	8,130	19.7	22.0	17.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,575	34,275	38,300	80.3	78.0	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,520	27,000	28,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,515	4,350	3,165	13.5	16.1	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,000	22,645	25,355	86.5	83.9	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,355	43,930	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,360	8,215	7,145	17.0	18.7	15.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,575	15,855	16,720	36.1	36.1	36.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,415	19,860	22,560	46.9	45.2	48.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,990	13,965	15,025	32.1	31.8	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,135	6,850	2,280	10.1	15.6	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,795	2,260	1,535	4.2	5.1	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,335	4,590	745	5.9	10.4	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,630	5,750	9,880	17.3	13.1	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,225	1,360	2,865	4.7	3.1	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,425	5,900	7,530	14.9	13.4	16.2
Bachelor's degree	8,750	3,695	5,055	9.7	8.4	10.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,375	545	830	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	230	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,585	1,210	1,375	2.9	2.8	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	340	215	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,515	26,995	28,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,180	3,620	2,565	11.1	13.4	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,145	9,785	9,365	34.5	36.2	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,185	13,600	16,590	54.4	50.4	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,015	9,430	10,585	36.1	34.9	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,045	4,590	1,460	10.9	17.0	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,475	1,515	960	4.5	5.6	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,575	3,080	500	6.4	11.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,840	3,880	6,960	19.5	14.4	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,130	960	2,170	5.6	3.6	7.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,175	4,165	6,005	18.3	15.4	21.1
Bachelor's degree	6,780	2,735	4,050	12.2	10.1	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,020	385	630	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	160	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	1,895	785	1,110	3.4	2.9	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	100	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,355	43,930	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,940	24,070	23,870	53.1	54.8	51.4
Education	3,570	960	2,610	4.0	2.2	5.6
13. Education	3,570	960	2,610	4.0	2.2	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,165	450	720	1.3	1.0	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	110	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	340	670	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	2,250	920	1,330	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	470	105	365	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	615	230	385	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	500	305	190	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,205	1,465	2,740	4.7	3.3	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	100	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	100	850	1.1	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	685	180	510	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	695	210	485	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,475	825	650	1.6	1.9	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,545	2,490	5,045	8.4	5.7	10.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	705	125	580	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,840	2,370	4,465	7.6	5.4	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	980	500	475	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	195	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	225	160	60	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,085	685	405	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	815	560	255	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	135	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,305	8,725	575	10.3	19.9	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	155	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,025	855	165	1.1	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,565	1,435	125	1.7	3.3	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,655	2,555	105	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,435	2,355	80	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,475	1,415	60	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,345	775	570	1.5	1.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,010	510	495	1.1	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	265	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	7,545	1,235	6,305	8.4	2.8	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	225	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,975	915	6,065	7.7	2.1	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	95	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,405	1,650	1,760	3.8	3.8	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,980	525	1,455	2.2	1.2	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	70	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	610	390	220	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	735	660	70	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,520	27,000	28,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,330	13,400	11,925	45.6	49.6	41.8
Education	2,265	530	1,735	4.1	2.0	6.1
13. Education	2,265	530	1,735	4.1	2.0	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	835	300	535	1.5	1.1	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	240	500	1.3	0.9	1.8
Humanities	1,610	610	1,000	2.9	2.3	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	330	80	250	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	140	315	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	305	185	115	0.5	0.7	0.4
54. History	235	85	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,310	1,105	2,205	6.0	4.1	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	80	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	90	660	1.4	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	510	115	395	0.9	0.4	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	555	160	395	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,160	610	550	2.1	2.3	1.9
Business, management and public administration	5,460	1,760	3,700	9.8	6.5	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	85	465	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,900	1,670	3,230	8.8	6.2	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	650	280	370	1.2	1.0	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	140	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	55	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	880	575	305	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	735	520	215	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,335	5,875	460	11.4	21.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	115	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	740	610	125	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,035	925	110	1.9	3.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,800	1,715	85	3.2	6.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,625	1,560	60	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,020	995	25	1.8	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	975	540	440	1.8	2.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	730	360	370	1.3	1.3	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	180	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	5,440	910	4,525	9.8	3.4	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	180	170	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,985	655	4,330	9.0	2.4	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,415	1,105	1,305	4.3	4.1	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,405	345	1,055	2.5	1.3	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	500	300	200	0.9	1.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	440	55	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,520	27,000	28,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,330	13,400	11,925	45.6	49.6	41.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,190	13,595	16,590	54.4	50.4	58.2
Location of study inside Canada	25,995	11,640	14,350	46.8	43.1	50.3
Same as province or territory of residence	21,570	9,435	12,135	38.9	34.9	42.5
Different than province or territory of residence	4,420	2,205	2,215	8.0	8.2	7.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,200	1,955	2,245	7.6	7.2	7.9
Americas	1,050	515	535	1.9	1.9	1.9
United States of America	795	410	380	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,120	580	540	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	70	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	445	255	195	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	245	135	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,635	645	985	2.9	2.4	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	85	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	495	185	310	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	450	215	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,355	43,930	46,425	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,380	28,670	25,710	...	...	...
Employed	50,555	26,860	23,695	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,820	1,815	2,005	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,975	15,260	20,720	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.2	65.3	55.4	60.2	65.3	55.4
Employment rate	56.0	61.1	51.0	56.0	61.1	51.0
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.3	7.8	7.0	6.3	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,355	43,930	46,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,975	15,410	20,565	39.8	35.1	44.3
Worked	54,375	28,520	25,855	60.2	64.9	55.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,735	17,890	11,845	32.9	40.7	25.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,640	10,630	14,015	27.3	24.2	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.5	40.8	42.2	43.5	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,380	28,670	25,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	400	455	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,525	28,275	25,255	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	43,775	22,435	21,345	80.5	78.3	83.0
Permanent position	38,100	19,975	18,125	70.1	69.7	70.5
Temporary position	5,680	2,460	3,215	10.4	8.6	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,590	645	940	2.9	2.2	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,090	1,815	2,280	7.5	6.3	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,745	5,835	3,910	17.9	20.4	15.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,380	28,670	25,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	400	455	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,525	28,275	25,255	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	510	375	135	0.9	1.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,470	1,830	5,645	13.7	6.4	22.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,355	1,880	475	4.3	6.6	1.8
3 Health occupations	3,810	670	3,135	7.0	2.3	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,125	2,450	4,680	13.1	8.5	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,340	500	840	2.5	1.7	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	13,820	5,720	8,100	25.4	20.0	31.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,035	11,080	960	22.1	38.6	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,565	1,780	790	4.7	6.2	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,480	1,990	495	4.6	6.9	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,380	28,670	25,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	400	455	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	53,525	28,275	25,255	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,605	1,580	1,025	4.8	5.5	4.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	340	280	60	0.6	1.0	0.2
22 Utilities	235	195	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	6,465	5,620	845	11.9	19.6	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	4,540	3,460	1,080	8.3	12.1	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,440	1,085	350	2.6	3.8	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,630	2,935	3,690	12.2	10.2	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,575	2,055	525	4.7	7.2	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	560	315	250	1.0	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,330	460	870	2.4	1.6	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	445	475	1.7	1.6	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,615	1,290	1,325	4.8	4.5	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,465	1,435	1,030	4.5	5.0	4.0
61 Educational services	3,885	1,140	2,750	7.1	4.0	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	6,390	1,055	5,335	11.8	3.7	20.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	815	385	430	1.5	1.3	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,455	1,270	2,190	6.4	4.4	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,635	1,280	1,355	4.8	4.5	5.3
91 Public administration	3,545	1,930	1,610	6.5	6.7	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,730	30,735	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,300	29,975	27,325	97.6	97.5	97.6
French	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	255	180	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	180	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
English and French	300	120	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	785	420	370	1.3	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,730	30,735	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,540	30,645	27,900	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	58,150	30,375	27,775	99.0	98.8	99.2
English	58,040	30,350	27,695	98.8	98.7	98.9
French	110	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	395	265	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	385	265	125	0.7	0.9	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	115	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	140	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,730	30,735	27,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,800	30,275	27,530	98.4	98.5	98.3
English	160	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	220	105	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	470	240	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	460	240	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,555	26,860	23,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,665	3,490	4,180	15.2	13.0	17.6
Worked outside Canada	90	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,265	6,925	2,335	18.3	25.8	9.9
Usual place of work	33,545	16,380	17,160	66.4	61.0	72.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,545	16,380	17,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,540	8,905	11,635	61.2	54.4	67.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,200	4,775	4,425	27.4	29.2	25.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,705	2,615	1,090	11.0	16.0	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	100	85	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,805	23,305	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,025	21,555	17,465	91.2	92.5	89.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,935	20,100	15,835	84.0	86.2	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,085	1,450	1,630	7.2	6.2	8.4
Public transit	620	235	385	1.4	1.0	2.0
Walked	1,860	775	1,085	4.3	3.3	5.6
Bicycle	440	310	130	1.0	1.3	0.7
Other method	855	435	425	2.0	1.9	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,805	23,305	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,900	7,115	8,785	37.1	30.5	45.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,200	6,775	6,430	30.8	29.1	33.0
30 to 44 minutes	6,635	4,095	2,535	15.5	17.6	13.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,585	1,755	830	6.0	7.5	4.3
60 minutes and over	4,475	3,565	910	10.5	15.3	4.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,805	23,305	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,415	3,415	1,005	10.3	14.7	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,100	5,275	2,830	18.9	22.6	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,495	5,390	5,100	24.5	23.1	26.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,045	3,285	4,760	18.8	14.1	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,860	1,975	2,885	11.4	8.5	14.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,885	3,965	2,920	16.1	17.0	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,325	12,540	11,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,105	565	535	4.5	4.5	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,220	11,975	11,250	95.5	95.5	95.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,675	9,110	8,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	840	435	400	4.8	4.8	4.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	165	175	2.0	1.8	2.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	270	230	2.8	3.0	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,835	8,675	8,165	95.2	95.2	95.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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