Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Central Okanagan--Similkameen--NicolaMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	122,340	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	110,293	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	60,542	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	54,640	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15,965.94	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	122,340	59,480	62,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,290	7,940	7,355	12.5	13.3	11.7
0 to 4 years	4,675	2,465	2,205	3.8	4.1	3.5
5 to 9 years	5,220	2,680	2,535	4.3	4.5	4.0
10 to 14 years	5,400	2,790	2,615	4.4	4.7	4.2
15 to 64 years	72,355	35,350	37,000	59.1	59.4	58.9
15 to 19 years	5,220	2,690	2,530	4.3	4.5	4.0
20 to 24 years	5,740	2,890	2,850	4.7	4.9	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,855	3,465	3,395	5.6	5.8	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,395	3,710	3,685	6.0	6.2	5.9
35 to 39 years	7,330	3,620	3,710	6.0	6.1	5.9
40 to 44 years	6,500	3,250	3,250	5.3	5.5	5.2
45 to 49 years	6,555	3,255	3,300	5.4	5.5	5.2
50 to 54 years	7,000	3,355	3,640	5.7	5.6	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,160	4,165	4,990	7.5	7.0	7.9
60 to 64 years	10,605	4,945	5,655	8.7	8.3	9.0
65 years and over	34,695	16,190	18,500	28.4	27.2	29.4
65 to 69 years	10,135	4,850	5,280	8.3	8.2	8.4
70 to 74 years	9,320	4,460	4,860	7.6	7.5	7.7
75 to 79 years	6,290	2,995	3,295	5.1	5.0	5.2
80 to 84 years	4,460	2,055	2,405	3.6	3.5	3.8
85 years and over	4,495	1,830	2,665	3.7	3.1	4.2
85 to 89 years	2,745	1,250	1,500	2.2	2.1	2.4
90 to 94 years	1,355	475	885	1.1	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	335	95	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	13.3	11.7	12.5	13.3	11.7
15 to 64 years	59.1	59.4	58.9	59.1	59.4	58.9
65 years and over	28.4	27.2	29.4	28.4	27.2	29.4
85 years and over	3.7	3.1	4.2	3.7	3.1	4.2
Average age of the population	47.4	46.4	48.5	47.4	46.4	48.5
Median age of the population	50.0	48.4	52.0	50.0	48.4	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,560	...	...	54.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,220	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	2,965	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,005	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,620	...	...	21.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	660	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	4,475	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,965	...	...	31.0	...	...
2 persons	23,060	...	...	42.2	...	...
3 persons	6,480	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	5,170	...	...	9.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,960	...	...	5.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	119,595	58,305	61,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	107,045	51,540	55,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,795	31,950	31,850	59.6	62.0	57.4
Married	50,990	25,505	25,485	47.6	49.5	45.9
Living common-law	12,810	6,445	6,365	12.0	12.5	11.5
Living common law - Never married	8,585	4,365	4,220	8.0	8.5	7.6
Living common law - Separated	605	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,170	1,590	1,580	3.0	3.1	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	455	190	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	43,245	19,595	23,655	40.4	38.0	42.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,005	13,155	10,850	22.4	25.5	19.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,085	1,290	1,795	2.9	2.5	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,640	3,515	5,125	8.1	6.8	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,520	1,635	5,890	7.0	3.2	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,585	...	...	65.6	...	...
3 persons	5,915	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	4,675	...	...	13.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,790	...	...	5.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,110	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	24,715	...	...	68.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,785	...	...	24.4	...	...
Without children	15,925	...	...	44.3	...	...
Common-law couples	6,400	...	...	17.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,890	...	...	5.3	...	...
Without children	4,505	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,855	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,680	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,180	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	119,600	58,300	61,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,180	46,340	46,840	77.9	79.5	76.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	62,230	31,145	31,080	52.0	53.4	50.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,855	1,180	3,675	4.1	2.0	6.0
Children⁶	26,100	14,010	12,085	21.8	24.0	19.7
In a two-parent family	19,005	10,125	8,880	15.9	17.4	14.5
In a one-parent family	7,095	3,890	3,205	5.9	6.7	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,420	11,965	14,450	22.1	20.5	23.6
Living alone	16,965	7,170	9,800	14.2	12.3	16.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,685	1,140	1,540	2.2	2.0	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	6,765	3,655	3,110	5.7	6.3	5.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,465	...	...	57.6	...	...
Couple-family households	27,855	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,315	...	...	17.0	...	...
Without children	18,540	...	...	33.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,615	...	...	6.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,170	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	415	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,920	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,695	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	16,965	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,335	50,380	53,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,225	49,340	52,880	98.0	97.9	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,600	34,400	39,200	45,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,305	49,385	52,915	98.1	98.0	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	32,000	36,000	41,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,660	44,825	46,835	87.9	89.0	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	39,200	25,200	31,400	39,200	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,310	33,700	32,610	63.6	66.9	60.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	28,000	33,600	41,200	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,465	40,365	47,100	83.8	80.1	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,500	12,700	12,600	12,500	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,755	4,700	5,050	9.3	9.3	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,900	11,620	13,280	23.9	23.1	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,980	50,245	53,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,785	49,145	52,635	97.9	97.8	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	58,050	43,360	50,440	58,050	43,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,900	49,220	52,680	98.0	98.0	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,280	48,840	38,120	43,280	48,840	38,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,200	44,560	46,635	87.7	88.7	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	53,150	36,320	44,520	53,150	36,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,150	33,480	32,665	63.6	66.6	60.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,550	36,840	44,800	52,550	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,295	40,295	46,995	84.0	80.2	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	12,040	12,520	12,300	12,040	12,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,980	4,830	5,145	9.6	9.6	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,320	6,550	6,440	6,320	6,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,855	11,715	13,140	23.9	23.3	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,770	8,510	9,000	8,770	8,510	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,980	50,245	53,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,775	15,450	12,330	26.7	30.7	22.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	66,000	54,400	60,400	66,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	76,300	61,100	69,600	76,300	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,510	13,300	15,210	27.4	26.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	17,400	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	36,040	24,360	29,800	36,040	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	83.0	74.2	79.0	83.0	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.7	61.7	52.7	57.7	61.7	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.9	17.0	25.8	20.9	17.0	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.7	5.4	4.4	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.5	5.2	4.2	3.5	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,330	50,385	53,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,105	1,035	1,070	2.0	2.1	2.0
With total income	102,225	49,345	52,880	98.0	97.9	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,740	3,275	4,465	7.6	6.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,770	4,955	7,815	12.5	10.0	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	17,460	7,220	10,235	17.1	14.6	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,335	6,150	8,185	14.0	12.5	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,920	5,445	6,475	11.7	11.0	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,475	4,550	4,925	9.3	9.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,005	3,805	3,195	6.9	7.7	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,290	3,075	2,210	5.2	6.2	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,970	2,420	1,545	3.9	4.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,010	1,845	1,165	2.9	3.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	9,250	6,600	2,655	9.0	13.4	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	6,340	4,420	1,920	6.2	9.0	3.6
$150,000 and over	2,910	2,175	730	2.8	4.4	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,330	50,385	53,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,030	990	1,035	1.9	2.0	1.9
With after-tax income	102,305	49,390	52,915	98.1	98.0	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,265	3,450	4,810	8.1	7.0	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,275	5,125	8,150	13.0	10.4	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	19,425	8,120	11,310	19.0	16.4	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	16,305	7,130	9,175	15.9	14.4	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,330	6,270	7,060	13.0	12.7	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,650	5,145	4,505	9.4	10.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,865	3,965	2,900	6.7	8.0	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,745	2,910	1,840	4.6	5.9	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	2,160	1,175	3.3	4.4	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	1,455	630	2.0	2.9	1.2
$100,000 and over	5,030	3,660	1,370	4.9	7.4	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,635	1,895	740	2.6	3.8	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,395	1,765	625	2.3	3.6	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,330	50,385	53,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,020	16,680	21,345	36.4	33.1	39.6
With employment income	66,310	33,705	32,605	63.6	66.9	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,470	5,010	5,460	15.8	14.9	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,385	2,310	3,080	8.1	6.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,180	3,440	4,745	12.3	10.2	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,785	3,020	3,770	10.2	9.0	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,305	2,780	3,525	9.5	8.2	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,730	2,645	3,085	8.6	7.8	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,095	2,495	2,600	7.7	7.4	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,095	2,345	1,745	6.2	7.0	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,270	1,955	1,315	4.9	5.8	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	1,610	1,020	4.0	4.8	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	1,430	765	3.3	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,165	4,670	1,490	9.3	13.9	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,025	2,175	855	4.6	6.5	2.6
$125,000 and over	3,135	2,495	640	4.7	7.4	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,335	50,380	53,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,160	48,285	51,875	96.0	95.8	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	31,400	36,800	44,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,390	48,325	52,060	96.2	95.9	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	28,800	33,600	40,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,375	44,600	46,780	87.6	88.5	86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,800	26,400	32,400	40,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,075	35,185	34,890	67.2	69.8	64.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,400	27,000	32,400	40,400	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,210	32,280	40,930	70.2	64.1	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	10,400	9,500	9,800	10,400	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,600	3,770	3,825	7.3	7.5	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,400	5,440	5,440	5,400	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,980	50,245	53,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,890	48,145	51,745	96.1	95.8	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,960	57,450	41,120	48,960	57,450	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,095	48,170	51,925	96.3	95.9	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,640	35,240	41,200	47,640	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,125	44,385	46,735	87.6	88.3	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,800	36,840	45,600	54,800	36,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,470	34,690	34,785	66.8	69.0	64.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	52,750	34,880	43,800	52,750	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,965	32,015	40,955	70.2	63.7	76.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,120	10,380	9,910	10,120	10,380	9,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,725	3,715	4,010	7.4	7.4	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,700	7,340	7,030	6,700	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,980	50,245	53,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,595	15,305	12,295	26.5	30.5	22.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,600	50,400	56,800	63,600	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	74,000	56,050	66,000	74,000	56,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,125	12,605	14,520	26.1	25.1	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,000	21,400	24,200	29,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,960	43,320	27,680	34,960	43,320	27,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.0	81.0	85.0	88.0	81.0
Employment income (%)	62.2	66.2	57.0	62.2	66.2	57.0
Government transfers (%)	15.1	12.0	19.1	15.1	12.0	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,520	...	...	42,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...	114,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	545	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,130	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,610	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,020	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,085	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,500	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,370	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,370	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,570	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,165	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,520	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,130	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,005	...	...	34.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,005	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,305	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,840	...	...	8.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,855	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	625	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	515	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,180	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,705	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,335	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,440	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,735	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,760	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,565	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,240	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,795	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,375	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,735	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,205	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,170	...	...	27.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,990	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,775	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,410	...	...	9.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,735	10,825	12,910	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,400	36,000	37,200	38,400	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,200	33,600	34,400	35,200	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	113,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,100	...	...	124,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,490	10,665	12,825	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,360	48,960	44,200	46,360	48,960	44,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,280	41,760	39,080	40,280	41,760	39,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	119,595	58,305	61,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,450	9,575	8,880	15.4	16.4	14.5
0 to 5 years	5,710	3,020	2,690	4.8	5.2	4.4
18 to 64 years	68,445	33,275	35,165	57.2	57.1	57.4
65 years and over	32,705	15,455	17,250	27.3	26.5	28.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,140	6,010	7,130	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,085	1,075	1,005	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	325	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,575	3,160	3,415	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,485	1,770	2,715	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.3	11.6	11.0	10.3	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.2	11.3	11.3	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.7	10.6	10.6	10.7	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.5	9.7	9.6	9.5	9.7
65 years and over (%)	13.7	11.5	15.7	13.7	11.5	15.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,095	52,325	54,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,760	8,695	8,065	15.6	16.6	14.7
0 to 5 years	5,210	2,740	2,465	4.9	5.2	4.5
18 to 64 years	61,535	29,995	31,540	57.5	57.3	57.6
65 years and over	28,795	13,630	15,160	26.9	26.0	27.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,840	1,980	1,860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	575	285	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	75	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,840	1,500	1,335	...	...	...
65 years and over	425	195	235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.0	4.2	4.6	5.0	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	119,595	58,305	61,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	62,305	29,485	32,815	52.1	50.6	53.5
In bottom decile	12,230	5,800	6,430	10.2	9.9	10.5
In second decile	13,270	6,045	7,220	11.1	10.4	11.8
In third decile	12,500	5,875	6,620	10.5	10.1	10.8
In fourth decile	12,215	5,870	6,340	10.2	10.1	10.3
In fifth decile	12,095	5,895	6,205	10.1	10.1	10.1
In top half of the distribution	57,295	28,815	28,475	47.9	49.4	46.5
In sixth decile	11,875	5,815	6,065	9.9	10.0	9.9
In seventh decile	11,840	5,860	5,985	9.9	10.1	9.8
In eighth decile	11,655	5,875	5,780	9.7	10.1	9.4
In ninth decile	11,460	5,830	5,635	9.6	10.0	9.2
In top decile	10,465	5,450	5,015	8.8	9.3	8.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	120,860	58,950	61,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	113,020	55,335	57,680	93.5	93.9	93.2
French only	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,255	3,310	3,940	6.0	5.6	6.4
Neither English nor French	565	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	120,860	58,950	61,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,485	57,780	60,700	98.0	98.0	98.0
French	1,650	805	845	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	540	275	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	120,860	58,950	61,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	118,850	58,015	60,830	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	106,550	52,355	54,195	88.2	88.8	87.5
English	104,740	51,485	53,250	86.7	87.3	86.0
French	1,815	875	945	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-official languages	12,300	5,660	6,640	10.2	9.6	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,100	5,565	6,530	10.0	9.4	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	245	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	730	250	480	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	600	210	395	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,860	4,230	4,635	7.3	7.2	7.5
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,855	815	1,040	1.5	1.4	1.7
Baltic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,825	805	1,025	1.5	1.4	1.7
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	445	195	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	395	150	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	350	140	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,620	1,685	1,935	3.0	2.9	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,580	1,165	1,410	2.1	2.0	2.3
German	2,500	1,130	1,375	2.1	1.9	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	830	420	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	630	325	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,645	840	800	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	715	685	1.2	1.2	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,135	560	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,660	830	830	1.4	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	435	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	800	400	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	85	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	635	255	380	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	630	250	380	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	350	145	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	510	220	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	385	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,010	930	1,075	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,345	620	730	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	120,860	58,950	61,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,745	53,790	55,955	90.8	91.2	90.4
French	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,085	1,050	1,035	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,070	1,045	1,025	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	1,010	460	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	7,370	3,340	4,030	6.1	5.7	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	120,860	58,950	61,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,385	58,285	61,100	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	115,070	56,165	58,905	95.2	95.3	95.1
English	114,740	56,005	58,735	94.9	95.0	94.9
French	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	4,315	2,125	2,195	3.6	3.6	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,290	2,105	2,185	3.5	3.6	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,750	1,370	1,375	2.3	2.3	2.2
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	575	280	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	430	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	420	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,060	525	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	940	465	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	810	390	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	635	345	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	405	230	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,475	660	810	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,280	575	700	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	120,860	58,950	61,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,290	55,515	57,770	93.7	94.2	93.3
English	1,940	920	1,025	1.6	1.6	1.7
French	790	365	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	4,045	1,780	2,265	3.3	3.0	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,905	1,715	2,185	3.2	2.9	3.5
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	360	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	119,290	58,155	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	118,745	57,880	60,870	99.5	99.5	99.6
English	118,740	57,870	60,870	99.5	99.5	99.6
French	7,265	3,340	3,925	6.1	5.7	6.4
Non-official languages	16,810	7,665	9,145	14.1	13.2	15.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	720	360	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	570	295	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,105	7,310	8,795	13.5	12.6	14.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	310	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	990	330	660	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	930	300	630	0.8	0.5	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,215	5,700	6,515	10.2	9.8	10.7
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,290	940	1,350	1.9	1.6	2.2
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,245	920	1,325	1.9	1.6	2.2
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	545	215	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	665	295	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	380	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	470	175	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,775	2,215	2,555	4.0	3.8	4.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,580	1,630	1,945	3.0	2.8	3.2
German	3,515	1,615	1,905	2.9	2.8	3.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,090	565	530	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afrikaans	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	730	370	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,200	1,105	1,090	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,905	960	940	1.6	1.7	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	710	365	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,550	770	780	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	300	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dari	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,485	1,675	1,815	2.9	2.9	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	695	305	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	375	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,470	1,175	1,295	2.1	2.0	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	500	200	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	220	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	175	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	790	315	475	0.7	0.5	0.8
Chinese languages	785	305	475	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	530	200	330	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	125	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	470	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	360	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,295	58,155	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,905	5,380	5,525	9.1	9.3	9.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,455	5,160	5,300	8.8	8.9	8.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,570	3,255	3,315	5.5	5.6	5.4
Métis	3,820	1,880	1,940	3.2	3.2	3.2
Inuk (Inuit)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,385	52,775	55,615	90.9	90.7	91.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,295	58,155	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,310	2,575	2,735	4.5	4.4	4.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,980	55,575	58,405	95.5	95.6	95.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	40,095	...	...	73.6	...	...
Renter	14,140	...	...	25.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	11,085	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not condominium	43,410	...	...	79.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	6,455	...	...	11.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,705	...	...	34.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,455	...	...	28.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,605	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,040	...	...	29.4	...	...
5 rooms	9,145	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,620	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,755	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,945	...	...	27.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,040	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	455	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	52,855	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,640	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,515	...	...	8.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,345	...	...	26.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,610	...	...	15.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,230	...	...	18.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,485	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,855	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,115	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,335	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,830	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,665	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,780	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,250	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,460	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,375	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,100	...	...	11.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,365	...	...	13.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,590	...	...	13.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,460	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,200	...	...	20.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,865	...	...	12.6	...	...
85 years and over	2,540	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,930	...	...	77.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,020	...	...	23.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,930	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,335	...	...	26.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,170	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,250	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,940	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	590	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,160	...	...	73.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,295	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	42,565	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,995	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.2	...	...	53.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,318	...	...	1,318	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	669,000	...	...	669,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,080	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.6	...	...	42.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.9	...	...	19.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,424	...	...	1,424	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	260	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	516	...	...	516	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	544	...	...	544	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	119,290	58,150	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,335	2,080	2,255	3.6	3.6	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,255	2,025	2,235	3.6	3.5	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,490	1,710	1,785	2.9	2.9	2.9
Métis single ancestry	755	315	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,865	3,400	3,465	5.8	5.8	5.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,620	3,275	3,345	5.5	5.6	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,270	2,100	2,170	3.6	3.6	3.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,300	1,150	1,145	1.9	2.0	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,090	52,670	55,420	90.6	90.6	90.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	119,290	58,150	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	113,790	55,555	58,235	95.4	95.5	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,005	9,365	8,640	15.1	16.1	14.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	95,780	46,190	49,590	80.3	79.4	81.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,505	2,600	2,905	4.6	4.5	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	119,290	58,150	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,910	50,010	51,900	85.4	86.0	84.9
Immigrants⁸¹	15,705	7,300	8,405	13.2	12.6	13.7
Before 1980	6,650	3,200	3,445	5.6	5.5	5.6
1980 to 1990	2,015	885	1,130	1.7	1.5	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,805	835	965	1.5	1.4	1.6
2001 to 2010	2,470	1,090	1,375	2.1	1.9	2.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,765	1,285	1,485	2.3	2.2	2.4
2011 to 2015	1,230	560	675	1.0	1.0	1.1
2016 to 2021	1,535	720	815	1.3	1.2	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,675	845	830	1.4	1.5	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,705	7,295	8,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,845	925	915	11.7	12.7	10.9
5 to 14 years	2,870	1,445	1,430	18.3	19.8	17.0
15 to 24 years	3,540	1,645	1,900	22.5	22.5	22.6
25 to 44 years	6,205	2,755	3,450	39.5	37.8	41.0
45 years and over	1,245	530	715	7.9	7.3	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,705	7,295	8,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,195	875	1,320	14.0	12.0	15.7
Brazil	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombia	95	30	70	0.6	0.4	0.8
El Salvador	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	165	95	70	1.1	1.3	0.8
Mexico	205	85	120	1.3	1.2	1.4
Peru	55	10	40	0.4	0.1	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
United States of America	1,265	470	790	8.1	6.4	9.4
Other places of birth in Americas	275	100	175	1.8	1.4	2.1
Europe	9,030	4,450	4,575	57.5	61.0	54.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Croatia	180	100	85	1.1	1.4	1.0
France	100	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
Germany	1,640	795	840	10.4	10.9	10.0
Greece	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	260	130	130	1.7	1.8	1.5
Italy	315	150	165	2.0	2.1	2.0
Netherlands	625	315	310	4.0	4.3	3.7
Poland	475	195	285	3.0	2.7	3.4
Portugal	125	65	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romania	180	85	95	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian Federation	150	70	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	140	80	60	0.9	1.1	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,395	1,740	1,660	21.6	23.9	19.7
Other places of birth in Europe	1,285	615	665	8.2	8.4	7.9
Africa	595	315	280	3.8	4.3	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	345	170	170	2.2	2.3	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	190	105	90	1.2	1.4	1.1
Asia	3,525	1,455	2,065	22.4	19.9	24.6
Afghanistan	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	170	90	80	1.1	1.2	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	105	55	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Turkey	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	335	135	205	2.1	1.9	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	105	35	70	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	215	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.3
Taiwan	70	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Philippines	795	255	540	5.1	3.5	6.4
Viet Nam	130	65	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
India	855	420	430	5.4	5.8	5.1
Pakistan	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	560	180	380	3.6	2.5	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	370	210	160	2.4	2.9	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,535	720	810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	295	120	175	19.2	16.7	21.6
Brazil	40	25	15	2.6	3.5	1.9
Colombia	20	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	25	3.3	4.2	3.1
Mexico	30	15	15	2.0	2.1	1.9
United States of America	105	35	75	6.8	4.9	9.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	10	40	3.3	1.4	4.9
Europe	365	205	160	23.8	28.5	19.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	30	0	2.0	4.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	15	2.0	2.8	1.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	25	2.0	1.4	3.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	90	70	10.4	12.5	8.6
Other places of birth in Europe	75	40	40	4.9	5.6	4.9
Africa	60	30	25	3.9	4.2	3.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	2.0	2.8	1.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.2
Asia	745	320	425	48.5	44.4	52.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	40	30	4.6	5.6	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
India	105	55	55	6.8	7.6	6.8
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	15	1.3	0.0	1.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	10	25	2.3	1.4	3.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	2.9	2.8	3.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	260	110	150	16.9	15.3	18.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	35	5.2	5.6	4.3
Turkey	25	10	15	1.6	1.4	1.9
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	10	40	3.6	1.4	4.9
Oceania and other⁹³	75	50	25	4.9	6.9	3.1
Australia	60	40	20	3.9	5.6	2.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	119,290	58,155	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,670	8,755	9,915	15.7	15.1	16.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,020	10,815	11,205	18.5	18.6	18.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,600	38,580	40,020	65.9	66.3	65.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,055	4,095	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,795	2,370	2,425	53.0	57.9	48.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,070	1,260	810	22.9	30.8	16.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,725	1,110	1,615	30.1	27.1	32.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,360	1,300	2,060	37.1	31.7	41.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	855	405	440	9.4	9.9	8.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,055	4,095	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	135	75	60	1.5	1.8	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,865	815	1,050	20.6	19.9	21.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	300	115	185	3.3	2.8	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	180	250	4.7	4.4	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,270	2,880	3,385	69.2	70.3	68.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	119,295	58,155	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,215	4,250	4,965	7.7	7.3	8.1
South Asian	2,400	1,210	1,190	2.0	2.1	1.9
Chinese	1,190	500	690	1.0	0.9	1.1
Black	1,030	530	500	0.9	0.9	0.8
Filipino	1,105	410	685	0.9	0.7	1.1
Arab	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	815	380	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Southeast Asian	540	210	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	315	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	420	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	715	305	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	185	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	280	105	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	110,075	53,895	56,180	92.3	92.7	91.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	119,290	58,150	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,735	7,530	7,215	12.4	12.9	11.8
English	33,180	15,940	17,235	27.8	27.4	28.2
Irish	20,005	9,125	10,875	16.8	15.7	17.8
Scottish	24,600	11,520	13,080	20.6	19.8	21.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,730	5,065	5,665	9.0	8.7	9.3
German	21,655	10,595	11,060	18.2	18.2	18.1
Chinese	1,320	550	770	1.1	0.9	1.3
Italian	4,335	2,095	2,235	3.6	3.6	3.7
Indian (India)	1,730	890	840	1.5	1.5	1.4
Ukrainian	8,305	3,880	4,425	7.0	6.7	7.2
Dutch	6,445	3,155	3,295	5.4	5.4	5.4
Polish	4,725	2,130	2,590	4.0	3.7	4.2
Québécois	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,870	2,840	3,025	4.9	4.9	4.9
Filipino	1,135	445	685	1.0	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	1,470	675	795	1.2	1.2	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215	1,090	1,120	1.9	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,220	2,030	2,190	3.5	3.5	3.6
Métis	3,370	1,650	1,725	2.8	2.8	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,380	1,720	1,655	2.8	3.0	2.7
Russian	4,050	2,005	2,045	3.4	3.4	3.3
Norwegian	4,310	2,080	2,220	3.6	3.6	3.6
Welsh	3,310	1,590	1,720	2.8	2.7	2.8
Portuguese	795	390	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	2,340	1,115	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.0
Spanish	880	390	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	3,375	1,530	1,845	2.8	2.6	3.0
Hungarian	1,990	1,045	945	1.7	1.8	1.5
Acadian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	495	270	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	410	200	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	260	90	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	455	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	390	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	245	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	805	450	355	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korean	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	980	450	530	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,610	765	845	1.3	1.3	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	700	330	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	310	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austrian	1,865	890	975	1.6	1.5	1.6
Belgian	780	355	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	605	345	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mennonite	605	310	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	935	450	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	1,065	535	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lankan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	595	285	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	835	365	470	0.7	0.6	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	925	460	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	740	375	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	710	345	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	440	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	315	145	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	365	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	215	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	290	105	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	580	255	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ecuadorian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	75	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	119,295	58,155	61,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	600	235	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	48,550	21,705	26,845	40.7	37.3	43.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,165	5,240	5,930	9.4	9.0	9.7
Anabaptist	435	200	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anglican	4,590	1,955	2,640	3.8	3.4	4.3
Baptist	2,280	980	1,300	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catholic	14,635	6,675	7,960	12.3	11.5	13.0
Christian Orthodox	780	375	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	960	425	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Latter Day Saints	355	145	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	2,330	995	1,335	2.0	1.7	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,365	595	770	1.1	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	605	230	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	5,670	2,385	3,285	4.8	4.1	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,120	1,385	1,735	2.6	2.4	2.8
Hindu	365	200	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	500	270	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	1,320	665	655	1.1	1.1	1.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	510	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,100	415	680	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	66,080	34,280	31,805	55.4	58.9	52.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,465	57,745	60,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,605	49,140	51,470	84.9	85.1	84.8
Movers	17,860	8,605	9,255	15.1	14.9	15.2
Non-migrants	8,570	4,170	4,395	7.2	7.2	7.2
Migrants	9,295	4,435	4,860	7.8	7.7	8.0
Internal migrants	8,825	4,220	4,605	7.4	7.3	7.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,870	2,740	3,125	5.0	4.7	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,955	1,485	1,475	2.5	2.6	2.4
External migrants	475	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	114,635	55,690	58,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,870	28,560	30,310	51.4	51.3	51.4
Movers	55,760	27,130	28,635	48.6	48.7	48.6
Non-migrants	17,115	8,140	8,980	14.9	14.6	15.2
Migrants	38,645	18,990	19,650	33.7	34.1	33.3
Internal migrants	35,760	17,535	18,230	31.2	31.5	30.9
Intraprovincial migrants	25,605	12,380	13,230	22.3	22.2	22.4
Interprovincial migrants	10,160	5,155	5,005	8.9	9.3	8.5
External migrants	2,880	1,460	1,425	2.5	2.6	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,980	50,245	53,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,015	9,890	8,125	17.3	19.7	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,965	40,360	45,610	82.7	80.3	84.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,660	29,460	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,705	4,025	2,675	11.1	13.7	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,955	25,430	28,520	88.9	86.3	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,980	50,245	53,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,745	7,795	6,955	14.2	15.5	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,600	15,715	16,885	31.4	31.3	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,640	26,735	29,900	54.5	53.2	55.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,865	18,570	19,295	36.4	37.0	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,100	8,505	2,595	10.7	16.9	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,025	2,210	1,815	3.9	4.4	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,070	6,290	780	6.8	12.5	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,085	8,700	14,375	22.2	17.3	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,685	1,360	2,320	3.5	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,770	8,170	10,605	18.1	16.3	19.7
Bachelor's degree	12,470	5,285	7,190	12.0	10.5	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,405	485	920	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	365	180	0.5	0.7	0.3
Master's degree	3,795	1,690	2,105	3.6	3.4	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	555	345	205	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,655	29,460	31,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,125	3,060	2,065	8.4	10.4	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,600	9,210	8,385	29.0	31.3	26.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,930	17,185	20,740	62.5	58.3	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,505	11,800	12,705	40.4	40.1	40.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,840	5,295	1,545	11.3	18.0	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,410	1,355	1,050	4.0	4.6	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,430	3,940	490	7.3	13.4	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,315	5,630	9,680	25.2	19.1	31.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,350	875	1,480	3.9	3.0	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,425	5,385	8,040	22.1	18.3	25.8
Bachelor's degree	9,005	3,520	5,490	14.8	11.9	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	995	325	670	1.6	1.1	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	235	130	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	2,745	1,125	1,620	4.5	3.8	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	320	190	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,980	50,240	53,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,345	23,505	23,835	45.5	46.8	44.4
Education	4,340	1,110	3,230	4.2	2.2	6.0
13. Education	4,340	1,110	3,230	4.2	2.2	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,940	850	1,090	1.9	1.7	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	345	245	100	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,595	600	990	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	2,145	850	1,295	2.1	1.7	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	25	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	505	140	370	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	620	195	420	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	120	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	245	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,100	1,515	3,580	4.9	3.0	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	160	430	0.6	0.3	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	45	920	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	875	240	630	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,115	305	815	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,355	690	670	1.3	1.4	1.2
Business, management and public administration	11,240	3,900	7,335	10.8	7.8	13.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	930	150	785	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,285	3,750	6,530	9.9	7.5	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,840	970	870	1.8	1.9	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	810	370	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	465	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	480	350	130	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,370	855	515	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,035	730	310	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	145	15	130	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,010	12,105	910	12.5	24.1	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	285	210	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,440	1,205	235	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,680	2,370	310	2.6	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,530	3,405	120	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,285	3,165	120	3.2	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,780	1,735	50	1.7	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,880	1,055	825	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,125	510	620	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	750	540	205	0.7	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	10,000	1,655	8,345	9.6	3.3	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735	380	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,040	1,130	7,910	8.7	2.2	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,760	1,870	1,890	3.6	3.7	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,535	805	1,730	2.4	1.6	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	310	125	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	760	725	35	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,655	29,460	31,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,725	12,275	10,450	37.5	41.7	33.5
Education	2,485	515	1,970	4.1	1.7	6.3
13. Education	2,485	515	1,970	4.1	1.7	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,370	560	815	2.3	1.9	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	145	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,175	415	755	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	1,475	585	890	2.4	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	370	95	270	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	160	285	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	260	155	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,765	955	2,810	6.2	3.2	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	135	375	0.8	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	30	620	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	670	140	530	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	805	150	655	1.3	0.5	2.1
45. Social sciences	980	450	530	1.6	1.5	1.7
Business, management and public administration	7,635	2,570	5,065	12.6	8.7	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	75	570	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,965	2,495	4,470	11.5	8.5	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,155	555	605	1.9	1.9	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	550	225	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	315	215	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	675	355	1.7	2.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	610	215	1.4	2.1	0.7
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,290	7,620	670	13.7	25.9	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	215	155	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,020	825	190	1.7	2.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,615	1,415	205	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,400	2,300	95	4.0	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,995	1,905	90	3.3	6.5	0.3
48. Precision production	1,040	1,010	30	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,330	720	615	2.2	2.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	800	355	445	1.3	1.2	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	360	170	0.9	1.2	0.5
Health and related fields	6,835	1,180	5,660	11.3	4.0	18.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	290	295	1.0	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,125	815	5,315	10.1	2.8	17.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,545	1,250	1,295	4.2	4.2	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,715	535	1,180	2.8	1.8	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	215	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	485	20	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,655	29,460	31,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,725	12,275	10,450	37.5	41.7	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,930	17,185	20,745	62.5	58.3	66.5
Location of study inside Canada	33,200	15,080	18,120	54.7	51.2	58.1
Same as province or territory of residence	22,970	10,140	12,830	37.9	34.4	41.1
Different than province or territory of residence	10,230	4,940	5,290	16.9	16.8	17.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,730	2,110	2,625	7.8	7.2	8.4
Americas	1,370	565	805	2.3	1.9	2.6
United States of America	1,085	460	625	1.8	1.6	2.0
Mexico	105	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Brazil	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,645	840	805	2.7	2.9	2.6
Belgium	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	230	140	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Netherlands	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	645	350	295	1.1	1.2	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	220	100	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Africa	165	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,300	450	850	2.1	1.5	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	440	120	320	0.7	0.4	1.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	235	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	245	155	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	210	135	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
New Zealand	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,980	50,245	53,735	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,950	30,440	28,510	...	...	...
Employed	53,825	27,620	26,205	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,125	2,830	2,300	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	45,030	19,800	25,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.7	60.6	53.1	56.7	60.6	53.1
Employment rate	51.8	55.0	48.8	51.8	55.0	48.8
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.3	8.1	8.7	9.3	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,980	50,245	53,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,290	19,545	24,740	42.6	38.9	46.0
Worked	59,690	30,695	28,995	57.4	61.1	54.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,030	16,300	12,725	27.9	32.4	23.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,660	14,400	16,270	29.5	28.7	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.1	40.0	40.5	41.1	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,950	30,440	28,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	550	545	1.9	1.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,855	29,895	27,960	98.1	98.2	98.1
Employee	46,725	23,300	23,425	79.3	76.5	82.2
Permanent position	38,900	19,685	19,215	66.0	64.7	67.4
Temporary position	7,830	3,620	4,215	13.3	11.9	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,915	860	1,050	3.2	2.8	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,915	2,755	3,165	10.0	9.1	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,125	6,595	4,535	18.9	21.7	15.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,950	30,440	28,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	550	545	1.9	1.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,855	29,895	27,960	98.1	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	590	375	210	1.0	1.2	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,800	2,115	6,685	14.9	6.9	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,285	2,545	740	5.6	8.4	2.6
3 Health occupations	5,090	930	4,160	8.6	3.1	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,230	1,990	4,240	10.6	6.5	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,815	750	1,065	3.1	2.5	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	15,640	6,895	8,745	26.5	22.7	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,680	10,645	1,030	19.8	35.0	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,775	2,095	675	4.7	6.9	2.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,960	1,550	410	3.3	5.1	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,950	30,440	28,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	550	545	1.9	1.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	57,855	29,895	27,960	98.1	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,935	1,315	615	3.3	4.3	2.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,485	1,265	220	2.5	4.2	0.8
22 Utilities	335	270	70	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	6,400	5,575	825	10.9	18.3	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,205	2,345	855	5.4	7.7	3.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,315	800	515	2.2	2.6	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,485	3,450	4,035	12.7	11.3	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,140	1,600	540	3.6	5.3	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	945	570	375	1.6	1.9	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,685	640	1,050	2.9	2.1	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,290	655	635	2.2	2.2	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,145	2,050	2,100	7.0	6.7	7.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,690	1,565	1,125	4.6	5.1	3.9
61 Educational services	3,895	1,115	2,780	6.6	3.7	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,920	1,435	6,490	13.4	4.7	22.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,250	595	655	2.1	2.0	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,110	1,915	2,200	7.0	6.3	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,705	1,350	1,355	4.6	4.4	4.8
91 Public administration	2,830	1,365	1,465	4.8	4.5	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,565	33,045	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,230	32,395	30,830	97.9	98.0	97.8
French	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	185	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	105	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	365	155	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	680	330	350	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,565	33,045	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,420	32,980	31,435	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	64,100	32,795	31,305	99.3	99.2	99.3
English	63,955	32,735	31,220	99.1	99.1	99.0
French	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	315	190	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	300	180	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	140	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,565	33,045	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,610	32,575	31,035	98.5	98.6	98.4
English	205	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	255	105	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	410	195	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	380	190	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,825	27,620	26,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,635	4,430	5,210	17.9	16.0	19.9
Worked outside Canada	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,150	6,830	2,320	17.0	24.7	8.9
Usual place of work	34,945	16,290	18,655	64.9	59.0	71.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,945	16,290	18,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,435	8,260	10,175	52.8	50.7	54.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,885	6,465	7,420	39.7	39.7	39.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,220	1,265	955	6.4	7.8	5.1
Commute to a different province or territory	410	305	110	1.2	1.9	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,095	23,120	20,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,875	20,185	17,685	85.9	87.3	84.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,435	19,020	16,415	80.4	82.3	78.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,440	1,165	1,275	5.5	5.0	6.1
Public transit	1,125	445	685	2.6	1.9	3.3
Walked	3,150	1,290	1,855	7.1	5.6	8.8
Bicycle	765	415	345	1.7	1.8	1.6
Other method	1,180	780	400	2.7	3.4	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,095	23,120	20,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,290	8,345	9,945	41.5	36.1	47.4
15 to 29 minutes	15,205	7,960	7,250	34.5	34.4	34.6
30 to 44 minutes	6,315	3,940	2,375	14.3	17.0	11.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,205	1,425	780	5.0	6.2	3.7
60 minutes and over	2,075	1,450	625	4.7	6.3	3.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,095	23,120	20,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,905	2,180	730	6.6	9.4	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,960	5,245	2,715	18.1	22.7	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,530	6,075	5,450	26.1	26.3	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,945	4,000	5,945	22.6	17.3	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,720	2,290	3,425	13.0	9.9	16.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,035	3,330	2,710	13.7	14.4	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,830	9,765	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,165	580	580	6.2	5.9	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,665	9,185	8,475	93.8	94.1	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,820	7,120	6,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	410	430	6.0	5.8	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	175	210	2.8	2.5	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450	230	215	3.3	3.2	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,985	6,710	6,270	94.0	94.2	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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