Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cariboo--Prince GeorgeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,226	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,907	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,712	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,427	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	82,820.22	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,225	55,760	55,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,750	9,705	9,045	16.9	17.4	16.3
0 to 4 years	5,550	2,850	2,700	5.0	5.1	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,285	3,285	3,000	5.7	5.9	5.4
10 to 14 years	6,915	3,570	3,345	6.2	6.4	6.0
15 to 64 years	71,705	35,945	35,760	64.5	64.5	64.5
15 to 19 years	6,455	3,365	3,085	5.8	6.0	5.6
20 to 24 years	6,660	3,475	3,185	6.0	6.2	5.7
25 to 29 years	7,170	3,635	3,535	6.4	6.5	6.4
30 to 34 years	7,195	3,575	3,615	6.5	6.4	6.5
35 to 39 years	7,165	3,575	3,585	6.4	6.4	6.5
40 to 44 years	6,650	3,310	3,340	6.0	5.9	6.0
45 to 49 years	6,810	3,355	3,455	6.1	6.0	6.2
50 to 54 years	7,190	3,535	3,660	6.5	6.3	6.6
55 to 59 years	8,130	3,990	4,140	7.3	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	8,290	4,130	4,160	7.5	7.4	7.5
65 years and over	20,770	10,105	10,665	18.7	18.1	19.2
65 to 69 years	7,220	3,530	3,690	6.5	6.3	6.7
70 to 74 years	5,725	2,890	2,830	5.1	5.2	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,745	1,845	1,900	3.4	3.3	3.4
80 to 84 years	2,230	1,030	1,200	2.0	1.8	2.2
85 years and over	1,855	805	1,045	1.7	1.4	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,235	575	660	1.1	1.0	1.2
90 to 94 years	500	205	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
95 to 99 years	100	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.4	16.3	16.9	17.4	16.3
15 to 64 years	64.5	64.5	64.5	64.5	64.5	64.5
65 years and over	18.7	18.1	19.2	18.7	18.1	19.2
85 years and over	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.9
Average age of the population	41.5	41.0	42.1	41.5	41.0	42.1
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.4	41.6	40.8	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,975	...	...	64.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,570	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	2,300	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,515	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,985	...	...	12.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,685	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,460	...	...	29.0	...	...
2 persons	17,310	...	...	37.3	...	...
3 persons	6,645	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	5,450	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,565	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,710	55,010	54,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,475	46,055	46,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,650	26,275	26,380	56.9	57.1	56.8
Married	40,540	20,245	20,295	43.8	44.0	43.7
Living common-law	12,110	6,035	6,080	13.1	13.1	13.1
Living common law - Never married	8,785	4,395	4,385	9.5	9.5	9.4
Living common law - Separated	670	345	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,345	1,180	1,160	2.5	2.6	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	310	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	39,825	19,780	20,045	43.1	42.9	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,690	14,430	11,255	27.8	31.3	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,025	1,375	1,655	3.3	3.0	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,885	2,635	3,250	6.4	5.7	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,215	1,335	3,880	5.6	2.9	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,925	...	...	57.0	...	...
3 persons	6,075	...	...	19.3	...	...
4 persons	5,035	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,405	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,840	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	19,785	...	...	62.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,895	...	...	28.3	...	...
Without children	10,890	...	...	34.6	...	...
Common-law couples	6,055	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,410	...	...	7.7	...	...
Without children	3,645	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,600	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,170	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,430	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,710	55,015	54,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,235	43,390	43,845	79.5	78.9	80.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,680	25,790	25,890	47.1	46.9	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,600	1,425	4,175	5.1	2.6	7.6
Children⁶	29,950	16,170	13,780	27.3	29.4	25.2
In a two-parent family	21,240	11,365	9,875	19.4	20.7	18.1
In a one-parent family	8,715	4,810	3,905	7.9	8.7	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,475	11,620	10,855	20.5	21.1	19.8
Living alone	13,460	6,835	6,625	12.3	12.4	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,075	1,450	1,620	2.8	2.6	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	5,945	3,335	2,610	5.4	6.1	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,155	...	...	58.5	...	...
Couple-family households	23,010	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	10,010	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	13,000	...	...	28.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,145	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,130	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,945	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,430	...	...	5.2	...	...
One-person households	13,460	...	...	29.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,050	45,360	45,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,290	44,020	44,265	97.0	97.0	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,800	35,200	41,200	50,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,340	44,050	44,290	97.0	97.1	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	32,800	38,000	45,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,005	39,495	37,510	84.6	87.1	82.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,600	27,600	36,000	47,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,085	32,945	30,135	69.3	72.6	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	53,200	31,000	40,000	53,200	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,660	34,725	38,935	80.9	76.6	85.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,000	11,200	10,700	10,000	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,240	5,285	4,955	11.2	11.7	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,560	5,480	5,320	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,930	11,395	11,535	25.2	25.1	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,290	45,515	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,400	44,075	44,325	96.8	96.8	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,700	61,600	41,880	51,700	61,600	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,445	44,110	44,340	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,320	51,550	37,120	44,320	51,550	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,110	39,630	37,480	84.5	87.1	81.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	58,400	36,760	47,880	58,400	36,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,135	33,065	30,070	69.2	72.6	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	59,350	37,840	49,080	59,350	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,850	34,910	38,940	80.9	76.7	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,910	11,450	12,310	11,910	11,450	12,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,335	5,405	4,930	11.3	11.9	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,560	6,145	7,020	6,560	6,145	7,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,100	11,490	11,615	25.3	25.2	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,430	8,160	8,700	8,430	8,160	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,290	45,515	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,160	16,265	11,900	30.8	35.7	26.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	76,000	55,200	66,500	76,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	82,000	60,150	72,800	82,000	60,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,730	12,315	13,410	28.2	27.1	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	29,000	18,400	22,200	29,000	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	41,640	25,100	33,000	41,640	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.2	74.2	80.8	85.2	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	72.2	61.3	67.8	72.2	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.7	25.8	19.2	14.7	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.2	7.1	5.4	4.2	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.4	4.3	3.5	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,045	45,360	45,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,760	1,335	1,420	3.0	2.9	3.1
With total income	88,290	44,025	44,265	97.0	97.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,835	3,125	4,710	8.9	7.1	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,320	4,045	6,275	11.7	9.2	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,140	5,445	7,695	14.9	12.4	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,405	4,945	6,465	12.9	11.2	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,725	4,200	5,530	11.0	9.5	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,695	3,640	4,055	8.7	8.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,175	3,310	2,860	7.0	7.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,220	3,200	2,025	5.9	7.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,130	2,720	1,410	4.7	6.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,190	2,195	990	3.6	5.0	2.2
$100,000 and over	9,450	7,195	2,250	10.7	16.3	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	7,345	5,520	1,830	8.3	12.5	4.1
$150,000 and over	2,105	1,680	425	2.4	3.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,045	45,360	45,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,705	1,305	1,395	3.0	2.9	3.1
With after-tax income	88,340	44,055	44,290	97.0	97.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,085	3,220	4,860	9.2	7.3	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,665	4,185	6,485	12.1	9.5	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	14,870	6,170	8,705	16.8	14.0	19.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,130	5,765	7,365	14.9	13.1	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,800	4,945	5,855	12.2	11.2	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,425	4,425	4,005	9.5	10.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,845	4,130	2,720	7.7	9.4	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	3,430	1,560	5.7	7.8	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,795	2,675	1,115	4.3	6.1	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,550	1,875	675	2.9	4.3	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,180	3,235	945	4.7	7.3	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,630	2,030	605	3.0	4.6	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,550	1,205	340	1.8	2.7	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,045	45,360	45,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,965	12,415	15,550	30.7	27.4	34.0
With employment income	63,080	32,945	30,135	69.3	72.6	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,230	3,660	4,570	13.0	11.1	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,520	1,860	2,655	7.2	5.6	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,040	2,930	4,110	11.2	8.9	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,995	2,585	3,405	9.5	7.8	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,650	2,355	3,300	9.0	7.1	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,275	2,335	2,935	8.4	7.1	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	2,350	2,495	7.7	7.1	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,405	2,515	1,895	7.0	7.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,845	2,480	1,365	6.1	7.5	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275	2,210	1,065	5.2	6.7	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	1,830	780	4.1	5.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,395	5,825	1,565	11.7	17.7	5.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,180	3,180	1,000	6.6	9.7	3.3
$125,000 and over	3,215	2,645	565	5.1	8.0	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,050	45,360	45,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,000	42,890	43,110	94.5	94.6	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,400	31,400	39,200	50,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,230	42,920	43,310	94.7	94.6	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,400	29,000	35,200	44,400	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,545	39,250	37,295	84.1	86.5	81.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	49,200	28,600	36,800	49,200	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,550	34,210	31,340	72.0	75.4	68.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	52,000	29,800	38,400	52,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,015	26,585	33,430	65.9	58.6	73.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,700	8,200	8,400	8,700	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,915	4,730	4,185	9.8	10.4	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,640	5,120	5,400	5,640	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,290	45,515	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,100	42,965	43,135	94.3	94.4	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,920	61,000	38,840	49,920	61,000	38,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,355	43,000	43,360	94.6	94.5	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,280	33,800	42,000	50,280	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,765	39,575	37,190	84.1	86.9	81.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,360	59,550	36,480	48,360	59,550	36,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,485	34,365	31,115	71.7	75.5	68.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,500	36,440	48,000	58,500	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,265	26,435	33,830	66.0	58.1	73.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,680	10,020	9,400	9,680	10,020	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,140	4,890	4,245	10.0	10.7	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	7,040	7,200	7,120	7,040	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,290	45,515	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,035	16,165	11,870	30.7	35.5	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	74,000	50,800	63,200	74,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,700	80,000	55,700	69,700	80,000	55,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,360	11,680	12,675	26.7	25.7	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	35,600	22,600	27,000	35,600	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,400	47,160	28,400	37,400	47,160	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.8	81.0	86.4	89.8	81.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	76.6	67.6	73.2	76.6	67.6
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.1	19.0	13.6	10.1	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,360	...	...	50,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,680	...	...	43,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,905	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,600	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,805	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,900	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,795	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,245	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,565	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,460	...	...	39.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,670	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,295	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,015	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,480	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,140	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,005	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,855	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,095	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,000	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,845	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,280	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,955	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,720	...	...	31.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,805	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,815	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,105	...	...	11.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,405	10,170	9,230	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,400	35,200	38,400	42,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800	32,800	35,600	38,800	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,400	10,010	9,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,880	52,650	42,840	47,880	52,650	42,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,720	45,080	38,160	41,720	45,080	38,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,710	55,010	54,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,515	11,640	10,870	20.5	21.2	19.9
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,490	3,245	6.1	6.3	5.9
18 to 64 years	67,200	33,595	33,610	61.3	61.1	61.4
65 years and over	19,995	9,775	10,215	18.2	17.8	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,150	5,680	6,470	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,865	1,465	1,400	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	955	485	470	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,230	2,945	3,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,055	1,265	1,790	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.3	11.8	11.1	10.3	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.6	12.9	12.7	12.6	12.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	13.9	14.4	14.1	13.9	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	8.8	9.8	9.3	8.8	9.8
65 years and over (%)	15.3	12.9	17.5	15.3	12.9	17.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,995	53,630	53,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,855	11,315	10,545	20.4	21.1	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,535	3,395	3,140	6.1	6.3	5.9
18 to 64 years	65,545	32,715	32,830	61.3	61.0	61.5
65 years and over	19,590	9,595	9,995	18.3	17.9	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,470	1,710	1,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	735	365	365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	105	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,440	1,220	1,225	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	125	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,710	55,010	54,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,570	26,410	28,165	49.7	48.0	51.5
In bottom decile	11,585	5,500	6,085	10.6	10.0	11.1
In second decile	11,005	5,135	5,875	10.0	9.3	10.7
In third decile	10,910	5,290	5,620	9.9	9.6	10.3
In fourth decile	10,755	5,315	5,435	9.8	9.7	9.9
In fifth decile	10,320	5,165	5,155	9.4	9.4	9.4
In top half of the distribution	55,140	28,605	26,535	50.3	52.0	48.5
In sixth decile	11,080	5,605	5,475	10.1	10.2	10.0
In seventh decile	11,490	5,965	5,530	10.5	10.8	10.1
In eighth decile	11,715	6,090	5,625	10.7	11.1	10.3
In ninth decile	11,605	6,100	5,500	10.6	11.1	10.1
In top decile	9,250	4,850	4,405	8.4	8.8	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,710	...	...	109,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,150	55,220	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,060	52,915	52,145	95.4	95.8	94.9
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,625	2,120	2,505	4.2	3.8	4.6
Neither English nor French	455	190	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,150	55,220	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,715	54,520	54,190	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	895	470	425	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	430	175	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,150	55,220	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,020	54,180	53,840	98.1	98.1	98.0
Official languages	97,805	49,355	48,450	88.8	89.4	88.2
English	96,730	48,795	47,940	87.8	88.4	87.3
French	1,075	560	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	10,215	4,820	5,390	9.3	8.7	9.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	855	365	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquian languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	610	260	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	610	260	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	190	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	415	185	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,355	4,455	4,905	8.5	8.1	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	860	325	530	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	255	425	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,830	3,320	3,515	6.2	6.0	6.4
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	745	345	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	735	340	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,090	985	1,110	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,370	650	720	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	1,235	575	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	570	265	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,025	1,545	1,480	2.7	2.8	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,940	1,505	1,435	2.7	2.7	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,270	1,235	2.3	2.3	2.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	910	410	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	370	150	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	560	255	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	555	255	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,130	1,040	1,085	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	825	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,150	55,220	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,565	50,140	49,430	90.4	90.8	90.0
French	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,280	1,130	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,125	1,050	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	640	305	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,230	3,440	3,785	6.6	6.2	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,150	55,220	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,560	54,455	54,100	98.6	98.6	98.5
Official languages	103,975	52,195	51,785	94.4	94.5	94.3
English	103,830	52,130	51,700	94.3	94.4	94.1
French	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	4,585	2,265	2,315	4.2	4.1	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,325	2,140	2,180	3.9	3.9	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	395	190	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,040	1,510	1,535	2.8	2.7	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	270	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,155	1,100	1,055	2.0	2.0	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	1,085	1,035	1.9	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,885	955	925	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,590	760	825	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,455	705	755	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,150	55,225	54,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,310	51,970	51,340	93.8	94.1	93.5
English	1,905	960	950	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	535	255	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	3,625	1,680	1,950	3.3	3.0	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous	3,030	1,410	1,620	2.8	2.6	2.9
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	305	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,795	55,075	54,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,340	54,895	54,440	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	109,305	54,885	54,420	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	4,600	1,955	2,650	4.2	3.5	4.8
Non-official languages	14,620	6,845	7,775	13.3	12.4	14.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,835	845	995	1.7	1.5	1.8
Algonquian languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,240	545	695	1.1	1.0	1.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,240	545	695	1.1	1.0	1.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	500	190	310	0.5	0.3	0.6
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	720	345	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	370	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,855	6,035	6,820	11.7	11.0	12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,185	415	770	1.1	0.8	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,130	385	745	1.0	0.7	1.4
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,430	4,525	4,900	8.6	8.2	9.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	510	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,065	500	575	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	375	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,845	1,310	1,530	2.6	2.4	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,970	915	1,055	1.8	1.7	1.9
German	1,915	895	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	720	340	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,645	1,850	1,795	3.3	3.4	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,510	1,780	1,735	3.2	3.2	3.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,405	705	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,995	1,515	1,485	2.7	2.8	2.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,990	925	1,070	1.8	1.7	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,255	550	710	1.1	1.0	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	315	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	185	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,790	55,075	54,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	18,915	9,135	9,780	17.2	16.6	17.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	18,205	8,805	9,400	16.6	16.0	17.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,480	5,960	6,515	11.4	10.8	11.9
Métis	5,650	2,800	2,850	5.1	5.1	5.2
Inuk (Inuit)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	425	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	290	120	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	90,875	45,935	44,935	82.8	83.4	82.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,790	55,075	54,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,890	4,665	5,225	9.0	8.5	9.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,900	50,410	49,490	91.0	91.5	90.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,715	...	...	70.4	...	...
Renter	13,025	...	...	28.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,805	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not condominium	43,650	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	4,030	...	...	8.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,085	...	...	23.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,020	...	...	32.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,075	...	...	34.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,575	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,260	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,875	...	...	14.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,775	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,980	...	...	34.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,910	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,740	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,715	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,180	...	...	9.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,005	...	...	49.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,130	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,635	...	...	14.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,475	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,905	...	...	4.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,340	...	...	2.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,790	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,450	...	...	91.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,010	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,255	...	...	52.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,090	...	...	43.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,115	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,710	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,660	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,410	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,985	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,575	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,015	...	...	17.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,055	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,045	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,315	...	...	85.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,360	...	...	14.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,805	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,055	...	...	23.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,610	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,305	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,130	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	605	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,395	...	...	76.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,060	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	41,065	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,830	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,144	...	...	1,144	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000	...	...	352,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,800	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,950	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.2	...	...	27.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,018	...	...	1,018	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	715	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	266	...	...	266	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	340	...	...	340	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,790	55,070	54,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,675	4,690	4,980	8.8	8.5	9.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	9,565	4,650	4,910	8.7	8.4	9.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	8,280	3,980	4,305	7.5	7.2	7.9
Métis single ancestry	1,270	670	600	1.2	1.2	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,270	4,885	5,385	9.4	8.9	9.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,860	4,695	5,165	9.0	8.5	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,890	3,205	3,690	6.3	5.8	6.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,910	1,455	1,450	2.7	2.6	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	415	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,845	45,495	44,350	81.8	82.6	81.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,790	55,075	54,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,665	52,665	51,995	95.3	95.6	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,055	11,390	10,665	20.1	20.7	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,610	41,270	41,335	75.2	74.9	75.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,130	2,410	2,720	4.7	4.4	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,790	55,075	54,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,330	49,195	48,135	88.7	89.3	88.0
Immigrants⁸¹	10,725	5,005	5,720	9.8	9.1	10.5
Before 1980	4,135	2,050	2,090	3.8	3.7	3.8
1980 to 1990	1,115	500	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,215	490	730	1.1	0.9	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,400	630	770	1.3	1.1	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,850	1,340	1,515	2.6	2.4	2.8
2011 to 2015	1,050	435	615	1.0	0.8	1.1
2016 to 2021	1,805	905	900	1.6	1.6	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	870	855	1.6	1.6	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,725	5,005	5,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,270	660	610	11.8	13.2	10.7
5 to 14 years	1,975	990	985	18.4	19.8	17.2
15 to 24 years	2,475	1,155	1,325	23.1	23.1	23.2
25 to 44 years	4,230	1,875	2,350	39.4	37.5	41.1
45 years and over	780	325	450	7.3	6.5	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,725	5,005	5,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,070	925	1,150	19.3	18.5	20.1
Brazil	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.3
Colombia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
El Salvador	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	40	50	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mexico	95	35	60	0.9	0.7	1.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
United States of America	1,505	680	820	14.0	13.6	14.3
Other places of birth in Americas	230	85	145	2.1	1.7	2.5
Europe	3,920	1,905	2,015	36.6	38.1	35.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Croatia	110	55	55	1.0	1.1	1.0
France	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
Germany	725	360	360	6.8	7.2	6.3
Greece	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hungary	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Italy	115	55	55	1.1	1.1	1.0
Netherlands	290	150	140	2.7	3.0	2.4
Poland	210	115	95	2.0	2.3	1.7
Portugal	170	80	90	1.6	1.6	1.6
Romania	50	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	80	20	55	0.7	0.4	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,135	570	565	10.6	11.4	9.9
Other places of birth in Europe	825	355	465	7.7	7.1	8.1
Africa	645	325	320	6.0	6.5	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	110	60	55	1.0	1.2	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	225	105	115	2.1	2.1	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	140	130	2.5	2.8	2.3
Asia	3,860	1,725	2,130	36.0	34.5	37.2
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	260	130	125	2.4	2.6	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	155	80	75	1.4	1.6	1.3
Taiwan	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
Philippines	1,080	355	725	10.1	7.1	12.7
Viet Nam	90	40	55	0.8	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	35	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.4
India	1,630	835	795	15.2	16.7	13.9
Pakistan	90	50	35	0.8	1.0	0.6
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	265	120	150	2.5	2.4	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	235	125	105	2.2	2.5	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,800	905	895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	225	115	115	12.5	12.7	12.8
Brazil	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Colombia	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	2.2	2.8	2.2
Mexico	30	15	10	1.7	1.7	1.1
United States of America	95	45	50	5.3	5.0	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	1.4	1.1	1.1
Europe	245	125	120	13.6	13.8	13.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	20	1.9	1.7	2.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	20	3.9	5.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	95	35	65	5.3	3.9	7.3
Africa	270	125	145	15.0	13.8	16.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	95	45	50	5.3	5.0	5.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	45	4.2	3.9	5.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	40	4.2	4.4	4.5
Asia	1,030	525	500	57.2	58.0	55.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	1.9	1.1	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	570	320	245	31.7	35.4	27.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	25	15	2.2	2.8	1.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	25	2.2	2.2	2.8
Philippines	215	85	130	11.9	9.4	14.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	1.7	1.7	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	15	1.7	1.1	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	30	15	15	1.7	1.7	1.7
Australia	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,790	55,075	54,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,170	6,225	6,950	12.0	11.3	12.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,965	8,500	8,470	15.5	15.4	15.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	79,655	40,355	39,300	72.6	73.3	71.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,590	2,955	3,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,820	1,925	1,890	58.0	65.1	52.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,740	1,045	695	26.4	35.4	19.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,075	880	1,195	31.5	29.8	32.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,395	855	1,540	36.3	28.9	42.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	345	160	185	5.2	5.4	5.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,590	2,955	3,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	40	50	1.4	1.4	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,185	465	720	18.0	15.7	19.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	235	110	125	3.6	3.7	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	650	395	250	9.9	13.4	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	30	45	1.0	1.0	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,360	1,920	2,445	66.2	65.0	67.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,790	55,075	54,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,870	4,755	5,120	9.0	8.6	9.4
South Asian	4,195	2,160	2,040	3.8	3.9	3.7
Chinese	885	410	475	0.8	0.7	0.9
Black	1,080	545	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Filipino	1,605	635	970	1.5	1.2	1.8
Arab	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	410	145	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
West Asian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	280	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	350	140	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,920	50,320	49,600	91.0	91.4	90.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,790	55,075	54,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,960	8,355	7,605	14.5	15.2	13.9
English	27,640	13,450	14,185	25.2	24.4	25.9
Irish	17,830	8,560	9,270	16.2	15.5	16.9
Scottish	21,065	10,380	10,680	19.2	18.8	19.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,905	5,350	5,555	9.9	9.7	10.2
German	18,730	9,235	9,495	17.1	16.8	17.4
Chinese	1,140	470	670	1.0	0.9	1.2
Italian	3,150	1,580	1,570	2.9	2.9	2.9
Indian (India)	2,465	1,250	1,215	2.2	2.3	2.2
Ukrainian	5,990	3,010	2,980	5.5	5.5	5.4
Dutch	5,300	2,555	2,745	4.8	4.6	5.0
Polish	3,230	1,440	1,790	2.9	2.6	3.3
Québécois	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,865	1,920	1,945	3.5	3.5	3.6
Filipino	1,700	685	1,020	1.5	1.2	1.9
French Canadian	1,045	525	520	1.0	1.0	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,875	1,455	1,420	2.6	2.6	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,220	2,985	3,235	5.7	5.4	5.9
Métis	4,690	2,355	2,335	4.3	4.3	4.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,595	1,265	1,335	2.4	2.3	2.4
Russian	2,800	1,290	1,510	2.6	2.3	2.8
Norwegian	5,440	2,695	2,745	5.0	4.9	5.0
Welsh	2,735	1,315	1,420	2.5	2.4	2.6
Portuguese	895	435	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	2,505	1,225	1,275	2.3	2.2	2.3
Spanish	720	305	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	4,135	1,940	2,195	3.8	3.5	4.0
Hungarian	1,105	535	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	930	490	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	220	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	275	110	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,730	780	945	1.6	1.4	1.7
Korean	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	585	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,795	935	865	1.6	1.7	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,625	715	915	1.5	1.3	1.7
Sikh	730	415	320	0.7	0.8	0.6
Austrian	1,145	585	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Belgian	450	185	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,000	525	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swiss	1,125	565	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Finnish	1,120	565	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	570	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	395	185	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,235	590	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	560	310	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Colombian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	505	245	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	670	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,790	55,075	54,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	290	90	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian	38,620	17,650	20,970	35.2	32.0	38.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,170	5,190	5,975	10.2	9.4	10.9
Anabaptist	760	380	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Anglican	2,525	1,145	1,380	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baptist	1,505	640	865	1.4	1.2	1.6
Catholic	11,880	5,545	6,330	10.8	10.1	11.6
Christian Orthodox	265	95	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	935	400	540	0.9	0.7	1.0
Latter Day Saints	790	380	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lutheran	1,395	605	790	1.3	1.1	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,290	565	725	1.2	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	470	205	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,760	1,200	1,555	2.5	2.2	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,585	1,180	1,400	2.4	2.1	2.6
Hindu	610	335	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	565	280	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	2,760	1,425	1,335	2.5	2.6	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	575	275	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,020	405	610	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	65,255	34,570	30,685	59.4	62.8	56.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,750	54,580	54,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,950	47,720	47,230	87.3	87.4	87.2
Movers	13,805	6,860	6,940	12.7	12.6	12.8
Non-migrants	9,495	4,790	4,700	8.7	8.8	8.7
Migrants	4,310	2,070	2,240	4.0	3.8	4.1
Internal migrants	3,965	1,920	2,050	3.6	3.5	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,030	1,435	1,595	2.8	2.6	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	935	485	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
External migrants	340	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,385	52,290	52,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,935	30,505	29,430	57.4	58.3	56.5
Movers	44,450	21,780	22,665	42.6	41.7	43.5
Non-migrants	19,855	9,890	9,965	19.0	18.9	19.1
Migrants	24,590	11,890	12,700	23.6	22.7	24.4
Internal migrants	21,950	10,560	11,385	21.0	20.2	21.9
Intraprovincial migrants	18,185	8,670	9,515	17.4	16.6	18.3
Interprovincial migrants	3,765	1,890	1,875	3.6	3.6	3.6
External migrants	2,640	1,330	1,315	2.5	2.5	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,290	45,515	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,005	11,795	9,210	23.0	25.9	20.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,290	33,715	36,575	77.0	74.1	79.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,330	28,875	29,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,430	5,495	3,935	16.2	19.0	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,905	23,385	25,520	83.8	81.0	86.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,295	45,515	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,540	10,095	8,445	20.3	22.2	18.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,280	15,100	16,180	34.3	33.2	35.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,470	20,320	21,155	45.4	44.6	46.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,650	14,690	12,960	30.3	32.3	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,780	8,010	1,765	10.7	17.6	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,450	2,240	1,205	3.8	4.9	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,330	5,775	555	6.9	12.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,385	5,800	9,585	16.9	12.7	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,485	875	1,610	2.7	1.9	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,820	5,625	8,195	15.1	12.4	17.9
Bachelor's degree	9,280	3,685	5,595	10.2	8.1	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	380	595	1.1	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,775	1,160	1,615	3.0	2.5	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	205	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,330	28,875	29,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,080	4,640	3,440	13.9	16.1	11.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,475	9,590	9,890	33.4	33.2	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,770	14,645	16,125	52.8	50.7	54.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,720	10,290	9,435	33.8	35.6	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,760	5,550	1,215	11.6	19.2	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,340	1,505	830	4.0	5.2	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,425	4,040	385	7.6	14.0	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,250	4,145	7,105	19.3	14.4	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710	600	1,110	2.9	2.1	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,050	4,360	6,690	18.9	15.1	22.7
Bachelor's degree	7,415	2,880	4,530	12.7	10.0	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	275	435	1.2	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	155	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	2,285	900	1,380	3.9	3.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	290	150	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,295	45,510	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,820	25,195	24,625	54.6	55.4	53.8
Education	3,140	725	2,415	3.4	1.6	5.3
13. Education	3,140	725	2,415	3.4	1.6	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	700	255	445	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	610	190	415	0.7	0.4	0.9
Humanities	1,735	645	1,095	1.9	1.4	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	385	120	270	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560	150	410	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	165	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,130	1,025	2,105	3.4	2.3	4.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	35	635	0.7	0.1	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	465	125	340	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	650	185	465	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,040	550	495	1.1	1.2	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,975	2,375	5,600	8.7	5.2	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,015	170	850	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,950	2,200	4,750	7.6	4.8	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,320	665	650	1.4	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	320	380	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	255	180	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	835	525	310	0.9	1.2	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	665	430	230	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,915	10,230	685	12.0	22.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	825	715	115	0.9	1.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,965	1,735	230	2.2	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,000	2,875	125	3.3	6.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,440	3,355	90	3.8	7.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,610	1,525	85	1.8	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,290	1,460	830	2.5	3.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	200	320	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,770	1,260	510	1.9	2.8	1.1
Health and related fields	6,870	1,090	5,785	7.5	2.4	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	140	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,390	880	5,510	7.0	1.9	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,555	1,310	1,245	2.8	2.9	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,515	420	1,095	1.7	0.9	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	330	245	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	695	630	60	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,330	28,880	29,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,565	14,230	13,335	47.3	49.3	45.3
Education	2,115	445	1,680	3.6	1.5	5.7
13. Education	2,115	445	1,680	3.6	1.5	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	175	335	0.9	0.6	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	455	145	315	0.8	0.5	1.1
Humanities	1,195	430	765	2.0	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	270	75	195	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395	105	290	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,455	790	1,665	4.2	2.7	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	30	505	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	350	80	275	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	530	150	385	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	800	425	370	1.4	1.5	1.3
Business, management and public administration	6,030	1,710	4,325	10.3	5.9	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	830	130	695	1.4	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,195	1,570	3,625	8.9	5.4	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	450	540	1.7	1.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	235	315	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	80	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	190	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	690	465	225	1.2	1.6	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	385	165	1.0	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,800	7,240	555	13.4	25.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	665	575	90	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,460	1,265	195	2.5	4.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,045	90	3.7	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,375	2,305	70	4.1	8.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,115	1,045	70	1.9	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760	1,090	665	3.0	3.8	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	375	135	240	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,385	955	430	2.4	3.3	1.5
Health and related fields	5,260	865	4,390	9.0	3.0	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	115	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,875	700	4,175	8.4	2.4	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,955	985	965	3.4	3.4	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140	300	840	2.0	1.0	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	205	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	485	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,330	28,880	29,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,565	14,230	13,335	47.3	49.3	45.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,775	14,650	16,125	52.8	50.7	54.7
Location of study inside Canada	27,430	13,195	14,230	47.0	45.7	48.3
Same as province or territory of residence	22,895	11,030	11,865	39.3	38.2	40.3
Different than province or territory of residence	4,535	2,165	2,365	7.8	7.5	8.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,340	1,450	1,885	5.7	5.0	6.4
Americas	670	330	335	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	560	285	275	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mexico	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	850	360	495	1.5	1.2	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	130	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	165	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Africa	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,515	610	900	2.6	2.1	3.1
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	530	175	360	0.9	0.6	1.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	680	310	370	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,295	45,515	45,780	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,405	29,870	26,535	...	...	...
Employed	51,005	26,790	24,215	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,395	3,080	2,320	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,890	15,645	19,250	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.8	65.6	58.0	61.8	65.6	58.0
Employment rate	55.9	58.9	52.9	55.9	58.9	52.9
Unemployment rate	9.6	10.3	8.7	9.6	10.3	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,295	45,510	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,965	15,685	19,280	38.3	34.5	42.1
Worked	56,330	29,830	26,500	61.7	65.5	57.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,935	16,725	12,210	31.7	36.8	26.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,395	13,105	14,290	30.0	28.8	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.0	40.1	41.1	42.0	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,400	29,870	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,290	655	635	2.3	2.2	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,110	29,215	25,895	97.7	97.8	97.6
Employee	48,025	25,095	22,930	85.2	84.0	86.4
Permanent position	40,165	21,550	18,620	71.2	72.1	70.2
Temporary position	7,855	3,550	4,310	13.9	11.9	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,890	730	1,165	3.4	2.4	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,965	2,815	3,145	10.6	9.4	11.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,090	4,125	2,970	12.6	13.8	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,400	29,870	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,290	655	635	2.3	2.2	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,110	29,215	25,895	97.7	97.8	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	405	275	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,395	1,735	5,660	13.1	5.8	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,935	2,220	715	5.2	7.4	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,095	750	3,340	7.3	2.5	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,785	1,975	4,810	12.0	6.6	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	985	325	660	1.7	1.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	13,730	5,505	8,230	24.3	18.4	31.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,600	11,505	1,095	22.3	38.5	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,105	2,270	830	5.5	7.6	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,090	2,655	430	5.5	8.9	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,400	29,870	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,290	655	635	2.3	2.2	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	55,110	29,215	25,895	97.7	97.8	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,735	2,680	1,055	6.6	9.0	4.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,315	1,110	210	2.3	3.7	0.8
22 Utilities	355	250	110	0.6	0.8	0.4
23 Construction	4,605	3,870	735	8.2	13.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	5,530	4,570	965	9.8	15.3	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,515	1,155	350	2.7	3.9	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,635	3,090	3,545	11.8	10.3	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,885	2,320	565	5.1	7.8	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	635	315	315	1.1	1.1	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,130	300	830	2.0	1.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	665	305	355	1.2	1.0	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,235	1,105	1,135	4.0	3.7	4.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,775	940	830	3.1	3.1	3.1
61 Educational services	4,095	1,090	3,010	7.3	3.6	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,440	1,355	6,085	13.2	4.5	22.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	415	540	1.7	1.4	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,655	1,490	2,160	6.5	5.0	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,435	1,275	1,160	4.3	4.3	4.4
91 Public administration	3,450	1,555	1,890	6.1	5.2	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,070	32,210	28,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,140	31,810	28,330	98.5	98.8	98.2
French	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	95	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	250	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	530	245	285	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,070	32,210	28,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,980	32,190	28,795	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	60,815	32,110	28,710	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	60,745	32,085	28,660	99.5	99.6	99.3
French	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	170	80	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,070	32,210	28,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,345	31,885	28,460	98.8	99.0	98.6
English	110	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
French	185	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	380	195	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	285	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,005	26,790	24,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,875	2,525	3,350	11.5	9.4	13.8
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,590	5,665	1,920	14.9	21.1	7.9
Usual place of work	37,520	18,580	18,940	73.6	69.4	78.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,515	18,575	18,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,295	12,585	13,705	70.1	67.8	72.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,510	4,825	4,685	25.3	26.0	24.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,570	1,040	530	4.2	5.6	2.8
Commute to a different province or territory	145	125	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,105	24,240	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,015	22,155	18,860	90.9	91.4	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,900	20,740	17,160	84.0	85.6	82.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,115	1,420	1,695	6.9	5.9	8.1
Public transit	1,150	565	590	2.5	2.3	2.8
Walked	1,735	770	965	3.8	3.2	4.6
Bicycle	320	220	100	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	890	540	350	2.0	2.2	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,105	24,240	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,750	11,340	12,410	52.7	46.8	59.5
15 to 29 minutes	14,610	8,175	6,430	32.4	33.7	30.8
30 to 44 minutes	3,090	1,960	1,135	6.9	8.1	5.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	830	400	2.7	3.4	1.9
60 minutes and over	2,430	1,945	490	5.4	8.0	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,105	24,240	20,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,725	3,030	695	8.3	12.5	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,805	4,285	2,520	15.1	17.7	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,230	6,410	5,820	27.1	26.4	27.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,440	4,225	6,210	23.1	17.4	29.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,475	1,805	2,670	9.9	7.4	12.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,430	4,480	2,945	16.5	18.5	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,950	11,870	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,065	550	515	4.6	4.6	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,885	11,320	10,565	95.4	95.4	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,980	8,790	8,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825	420	405	4.9	4.8	4.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	405	195	210	2.4	2.2	2.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	420	225	195	2.5	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,155	8,370	7,785	95.1	95.2	95.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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