Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--WascanaMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,087	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	84,153	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,455	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,499	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,439.3	...	...	1,439.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	61.90	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,090	43,745	45,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,820	8,070	7,755	17.8	18.4	17.1
0 to 4 years	5,075	2,560	2,520	5.7	5.9	5.6
5 to 9 years	5,380	2,700	2,680	6.0	6.2	5.9
10 to 14 years	5,365	2,810	2,555	6.0	6.4	5.6
15 to 64 years	58,165	29,145	29,020	65.3	66.6	64.0
15 to 19 years	5,190	2,695	2,495	5.8	6.2	5.5
20 to 24 years	6,225	3,260	2,965	7.0	7.5	6.5
25 to 29 years	6,285	3,165	3,115	7.1	7.2	6.9
30 to 34 years	6,585	3,245	3,340	7.4	7.4	7.4
35 to 39 years	6,675	3,350	3,320	7.5	7.7	7.3
40 to 44 years	6,045	3,040	3,010	6.8	6.9	6.6
45 to 49 years	5,345	2,645	2,700	6.0	6.0	6.0
50 to 54 years	4,990	2,490	2,500	5.6	5.7	5.5
55 to 59 years	5,480	2,655	2,820	6.2	6.1	6.2
60 to 64 years	5,345	2,600	2,745	6.0	5.9	6.1
65 years and over	15,100	6,535	8,565	16.9	14.9	18.9
65 to 69 years	4,615	2,240	2,375	5.2	5.1	5.2
70 to 74 years	3,630	1,655	1,970	4.1	3.8	4.3
75 to 79 years	2,495	1,115	1,375	2.8	2.5	3.0
80 to 84 years	1,920	720	1,200	2.2	1.6	2.6
85 years and over	2,445	795	1,640	2.7	1.8	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,335	445	885	1.5	1.0	2.0
90 to 94 years	870	285	585	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	205	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.4	17.1	17.8	18.4	17.1
15 to 64 years	65.3	66.6	64.0	65.3	66.6	64.0
65 years and over	16.9	14.9	18.9	16.9	14.9	18.9
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.7	1.8	3.6
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	39.9	38.6	41.1
Median age of the population	38.4	37.2	39.6	38.4	37.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,905	...	...	57.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,170	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	2,710	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	825	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,120	...	...	22.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,605	...	...	7.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,615	...	...	31.8	...	...
2 persons	11,860	...	...	32.5	...	...
3 persons	5,120	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	4,835	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,070	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,325	43,060	44,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,265	35,680	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,510	20,255	20,255	55.3	56.8	53.9
Married	34,490	17,250	17,240	47.1	48.3	45.9
Living common-law	6,020	3,000	3,015	8.2	8.4	8.0
Living common law - Never married	4,645	2,335	2,310	6.3	6.5	6.1
Living common law - Separated	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,085	520	565	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	32,755	15,425	17,330	44.7	43.2	46.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,615	12,285	10,335	30.9	34.4	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,500	645	855	2.0	1.8	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,460	1,720	2,740	6.1	4.8	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,180	780	3,405	5.7	2.2	9.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,790	...	...	50.1	...	...
3 persons	4,875	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,620	...	...	19.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,250	...	...	9.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,665	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	16,655	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,180	...	...	39.0	...	...
Without children	7,480	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,010	...	...	12.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,020	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	1,985	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,875	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,020	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	855	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,330	43,060	44,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,005	34,185	34,820	79.0	79.4	78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,330	19,660	19,670	45.0	45.7	44.4
Parents in one-parent families	3,875	855	3,020	4.4	2.0	6.8
Children⁶	25,800	13,670	12,130	29.5	31.7	27.4
In a two-parent family	19,505	10,145	9,355	22.3	23.6	21.1
In a one-parent family	6,300	3,520	2,775	7.2	8.2	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,325	8,875	9,445	21.0	20.6	21.3
Living alone	11,615	5,055	6,565	13.3	11.7	14.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,300	1,075	1,230	2.6	2.5	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,405	2,750	1,655	5.0	6.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,900	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,850	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,235	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	8,625	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,050	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	740	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,960	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	11,620	...	...	31.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,535	35,005	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,380	33,360	35,025	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,400	42,000	45,600	50,400	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,410	33,370	35,040	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,400	38,000	40,800	44,400	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,375	30,795	31,580	87.2	88.0	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800	40,800	47,600	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,790	25,970	24,815	71.0	74.2	67.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	37,600	42,000	47,200	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,595	29,140	31,455	84.7	83.2	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,520	9,300	7,700	5,520	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,865	2,945	2,915	8.2	8.4	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,570	8,755	8,815	24.6	25.0	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,615	35,085	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,445	33,455	34,990	95.6	95.4	95.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,350	65,900	51,200	58,350	65,900	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,475	33,470	35,005	95.6	95.4	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	53,000	43,520	48,160	53,000	43,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,535	30,920	31,620	87.3	88.1	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	62,950	45,560	54,200	62,950	45,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,885	25,890	24,995	71.1	73.8	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,200	45,640	53,050	60,200	45,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,475	29,005	31,475	84.4	82.7	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,030	8,840	11,130	10,030	8,840	11,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,820	2,970	2,855	8.1	8.5	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,820	5,970	7,700	6,820	5,970	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,875	8,925	8,950	25.0	25.4	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,940	8,990	8,900	8,940	8,990	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,620	35,085	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,825	14,145	11,680	36.1	40.3	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	73,000	64,500	69,000	73,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	85,900	71,400	79,300	85,900	71,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,205	8,920	10,285	26.8	25.4	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,200	16,000	17,600	19,200	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040	31,400	25,080	28,040	31,400	25,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.4	80.4	84.8	88.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	70.8	63.7	67.6	70.8	63.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	11.6	19.6	15.2	11.6	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.3	4.6	4.0	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.5	4.0	3.6	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,535	35,010	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,155	1,650	1,500	4.4	4.7	4.1
With total income	68,380	33,360	35,020	95.6	95.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,380	2,495	2,890	7.9	7.5	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,655	2,880	3,775	9.7	8.6	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,705	4,170	5,540	14.2	12.5	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	8,160	3,680	4,480	11.9	11.0	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,480	3,320	4,160	10.9	10.0	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,285	2,940	3,340	9.2	8.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,230	2,630	2,605	7.6	7.9	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	2,235	2,050	6.3	6.7	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425	1,875	1,555	5.0	5.6	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	1,530	1,330	4.2	4.6	3.8
$100,000 and over	8,910	5,600	3,305	13.0	16.8	9.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,945	3,510	2,435	8.7	10.5	7.0
$150,000 and over	2,965	2,090	870	4.3	6.3	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,535	35,010	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,125	1,635	1,485	4.4	4.7	4.1
With after-tax income	68,410	33,370	35,035	95.6	95.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,570	3,055	8.2	7.7	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,005	3,045	3,960	10.2	9.1	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,070	4,820	6,255	16.2	14.4	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,795	4,455	5,345	14.3	13.4	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,785	4,060	4,720	12.8	12.2	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,080	3,535	3,545	10.3	10.6	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,630	2,945	2,685	8.2	8.8	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,225	2,245	1,975	6.2	6.7	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,805	1,545	1,260	4.1	4.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,050	755	2.6	3.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,590	3,115	1,475	6.7	9.3	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,335	1,505	830	3.4	4.5	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,260	1,610	650	3.3	4.8	1.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,535	35,010	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,745	9,035	11,710	29.0	25.8	32.1
With employment income	50,785	25,970	24,815	71.0	74.2	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,295	2,890	3,400	12.4	11.1	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	3,960	1,765	2,190	7.8	6.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,695	2,640	3,055	11.2	10.2	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,395	2,195	2,200	8.7	8.5	8.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,200	2,050	2,145	8.3	7.9	8.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,300	2,040	2,260	8.5	7.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,775	1,905	1,870	7.4	7.3	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,590	1,870	1,715	7.1	7.2	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	1,650	1,330	5.9	6.4	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,560	1,370	1,190	5.0	5.3	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	1,225	1,095	4.6	4.7	4.4
$100,000 and over	6,725	4,360	2,365	13.2	16.8	9.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,095	1,800	1,295	6.1	6.9	5.2
$125,000 and over	3,630	2,560	1,065	7.1	9.9	4.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,535	35,005	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,635	32,440	34,190	93.2	92.7	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,600	44,400	50,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,655	32,445	34,215	93.2	92.7	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	39,600	44,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,165	30,165	31,000	85.5	86.2	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,000	42,000	49,200	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,225	25,645	24,580	70.2	73.3	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,000	43,200	48,800	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,860	27,365	29,495	79.5	78.2	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,920	1,110	4,560	1,920	1,110	4,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,125	1,975	2,145	5.8	5.6	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,320	6,800	6,000	5,320	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,615	35,085	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,735	32,545	34,185	93.2	92.8	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,700	64,700	49,040	56,700	64,700	49,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,760	32,555	34,210	93.2	92.8	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,850	41,160	46,400	51,850	41,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,410	30,320	31,090	85.8	86.4	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,250	64,500	46,240	55,250	64,500	46,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,525	25,765	24,755	70.6	73.4	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,300	61,700	46,600	54,300	61,700	46,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,985	27,600	29,385	79.6	78.7	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,485	8,120	6,840	5,485	8,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,945	1,915	2,030	5.5	5.5	5.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	6,155	9,150	7,700	6,155	9,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,620	35,085	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,580	14,005	11,580	35.7	39.9	31.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,000	60,400	65,000	70,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,900	82,900	67,500	75,900	82,900	67,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,930	8,295	9,635	25.0	23.6	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	25,400	21,600	23,400	25,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,040	40,440	30,400	35,040	40,440	30,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.8	85.8	89.6	92.8	85.8
Employment income (%)	72.6	75.4	68.8	72.6	75.4	68.8
Government transfers (%)	10.3	7.2	14.2	10.3	7.2	14.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.6	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,500	...	...	58,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,320	...	...	48,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,490	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,110	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,155	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,210	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,315	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,525	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,485	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,675	...	...	43.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,275	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,135	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,220	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,040	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	635	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,360	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,325	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,425	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,535	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,075	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,025	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,765	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,415	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,620	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,440	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,080	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,095	...	...	14.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,020	7,800	8,220	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	40,400	42,000	41,200	40,400	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,400	38,000	37,200	36,400	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,600	...	...	158,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,960	7,750	8,210	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,150	53,350	51,040	52,150	53,350	51,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,640	43,600	43,680	43,640	43,600	43,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,330	43,060	44,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,800	9,625	9,175	21.5	22.4	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,095	3,045	7.0	7.2	6.9
18 to 64 years	54,635	27,265	27,370	62.6	63.3	61.8
65 years and over	13,895	6,175	7,720	15.9	14.3	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,795	4,615	5,180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,710	1,385	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	960	460	505	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,440	2,665	2,775	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,640	570	1,080	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.7	11.7	11.2	10.7	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7	14.9	16.5	15.7	14.9	16.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.2	14.0	11.8	9.2	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,330	43,060	44,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,800	9,620	9,175	21.5	22.3	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,095	3,045	7.0	7.2	6.9
18 to 64 years	54,635	27,265	27,370	62.6	63.3	61.8
65 years and over	13,895	6,175	7,720	15.9	14.3	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,270	2,310	1,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	950	490	455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	150	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,095	1,705	1,390	...	...	...
65 years and over	230	110	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	5.4	4.4	4.9	5.4	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.3	5.1	5.7	6.3	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,330	43,060	44,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,940	19,855	21,090	46.9	46.1	47.6
In bottom decile	8,965	4,525	4,445	10.3	10.5	10.0
In second decile	8,470	3,895	4,580	9.7	9.0	10.3
In third decile	7,860	3,815	4,040	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fourth decile	7,930	3,840	4,090	9.1	8.9	9.2
In fifth decile	7,710	3,775	3,935	8.8	8.8	8.9
In top half of the distribution	46,390	23,210	23,180	53.1	53.9	52.4
In sixth decile	8,200	4,015	4,185	9.4	9.3	9.5
In seventh decile	8,820	4,375	4,440	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	9,065	4,510	4,560	10.4	10.5	10.3
In ninth decile	9,990	5,030	4,965	11.4	11.7	11.2
In top decile	10,310	5,275	5,040	11.8	12.3	11.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,330	...	...	87,330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.348	...	...	0.348	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.445	...	...	0.445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.305	...	...	0.305	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,855	43,275	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80,515	39,965	40,545	91.6	92.4	91.0
French only	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,725	2,595	3,130	6.5	6.0	7.0
Neither English nor French	1,545	680	860	1.8	1.6	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,855	43,275	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,050	41,980	43,070	96.8	97.0	96.6
French	1,050	505	545	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,480	650	830	1.7	1.5	1.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,855	43,275	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,500	41,595	42,905	96.2	96.1	96.3
Official languages	65,900	32,285	33,610	75.0	74.6	75.4
English	64,875	31,790	33,080	73.8	73.5	74.2
French	1,025	495	530	1.2	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	18,605	9,305	9,300	21.2	21.5	20.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,495	9,270	9,225	21.1	21.4	20.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,565	770	790	1.8	1.8	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	370	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,185	590	595	1.3	1.4	1.3
Amharic	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	865	410	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	225	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	370	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	755	360	390	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,370	1,115	1,250	2.7	2.6	2.8
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	945	1,025	2.2	2.2	2.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	480	275	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	220	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	150	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,775	4,545	4,235	10.0	10.5	9.5
Albanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	555	730	1.5	1.3	1.6
Baltic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	545	720	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	350	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	495	200	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	830	400	430	0.9	0.9	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	660	300	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
German	650	300	350	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,605	3,035	2,570	6.4	7.0	5.8
Indo-Aryan languages	5,095	2,770	2,325	5.8	6.4	5.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	600	320	280	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	855	500	355	1.0	1.2	0.8
Hindi	555	310	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,735	950	785	2.0	2.2	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	935	475	460	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	510	265	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	215	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	850	430	415	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	565	290	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	480	240	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,310	1,620	1,690	3.8	3.7	3.8
Chinese languages	3,115	1,525	1,595	3.5	3.5	3.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,190	1,065	1,120	2.5	2.5	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	810	410	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,350	1,680	1,670	3.8	3.9	3.7
English and French	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,600	1,310	1,290	3.0	3.0	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	350	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,855	43,275	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,320	32,500	33,820	75.5	75.1	75.9
French	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	5,415	2,670	2,740	6.2	6.2	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,405	2,675	2,735	6.2	6.2	6.1
English and French	845	390	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	13,875	7,040	6,835	15.8	16.3	15.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	420	190	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	615	310	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,855	43,275	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,085	41,335	42,745	95.7	95.5	95.9
Official languages	72,170	35,340	36,825	82.1	81.7	82.6
English	71,720	35,125	36,595	81.6	81.2	82.1
French	445	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	11,915	5,995	5,925	13.6	13.9	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,890	5,990	5,905	13.5	13.8	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,100	520	575	1.3	1.2	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	290	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	385	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	585	270	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	630	315	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,545	735	805	1.8	1.7	1.8
Bikol	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,345	645	695	1.5	1.5	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	345	195	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,120	2,690	2,430	5.8	6.2	5.5
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	270	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	535	260	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	235	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,050	2,170	1,885	4.6	5.0	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,705	1,995	1,710	4.2	4.6	3.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	385	200	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	625	365	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hindi	370	210	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	210	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	765	655	1.6	1.8	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	350	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	175	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,590	1,270	1,325	2.9	2.9	3.0
Chinese languages	2,440	1,190	1,250	2.8	2.7	2.8
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,815	885	930	2.1	2.0	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	555	275	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,770	1,940	1,830	4.3	4.5	4.1
English and French	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,490	1,805	1,685	4.0	4.2	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,855	43,275	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,940	36,815	38,125	85.3	85.1	85.5
English	4,855	2,465	2,390	5.5	5.7	5.4
French	745	335	410	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	5,195	2,590	2,605	5.9	6.0	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	5,095	2,550	2,550	5.8	5.9	5.7
English and French	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,150	600	550	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	725	365	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,445	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,835	42,445	43,395	98.2	98.4	98.0
English	85,800	42,420	43,375	98.1	98.3	97.9
French	5,915	2,800	3,115	6.8	6.5	7.0
Non-official languages	24,620	12,255	12,365	28.2	28.4	27.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	145	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,325	12,115	12,210	27.8	28.1	27.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,250	1,170	1,085	2.6	2.7	2.4
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hausa	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	470	230	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bilen	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Somali	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages	1,880	980	895	2.1	2.3	2.0
Amharic	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,360	735	625	1.6	1.7	1.4
Aramaic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	395	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,070	510	560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,025	485	540	1.2	1.1	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,030	1,485	1,540	3.5	3.4	3.5
Bikol	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,940	1,445	1,500	3.4	3.3	3.4
Waray-Waray	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	700	355	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	330	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,790	5,900	5,885	13.5	13.7	13.3
Albanian	120	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,655	740	915	1.9	1.7	2.1
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,635	735	900	1.9	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	690	325	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	210	110	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	695	265	430	0.8	0.6	1.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,100	530	570	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	845	375	470	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	820	365	450	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	220	100	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	7,425	3,885	3,540	8.5	9.0	8.0
Indo-Aryan languages	6,825	3,570	3,255	7.8	8.3	7.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	805	385	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Gujarati	1,150	660	485	1.3	1.5	1.1
Hindi	3,325	1,750	1,580	3.8	4.1	3.6
Kacchi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	125	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	290	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,575	1,400	1,175	2.9	3.2	2.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,540	825	715	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	665	365	300	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	540	290	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Dari	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	295	160	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	720	805	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,085	515	565	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,355	695	665	1.5	1.6	1.5
Akan (Twi)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	230	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	550	300	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dinka	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,850	1,910	1,940	4.4	4.4	4.4
Chinese languages	3,615	1,810	1,805	4.1	4.2	4.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,935	1,465	1,460	3.4	3.4	3.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	990	495	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	235	95	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burmese	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	170	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,450	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,560	3,680	3,880	8.6	8.5	8.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,395	3,585	3,810	8.5	8.3	8.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,725	2,230	2,495	5.4	5.2	5.6
Métis	2,645	1,350	1,290	3.0	3.1	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	79,890	39,480	40,415	91.4	91.5	91.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,450	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,120	1,955	2,160	4.7	4.5	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,330	41,200	42,130	95.3	95.5	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,705	...	...	64.9	...	...
Renter	12,810	...	...	35.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,835	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not condominium	29,675	...	...	81.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,250	...	...	14.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,995	...	...	24.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,405	...	...	31.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,595	...	...	29.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,820	...	...	32.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,305	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,615	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,125	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,645	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,415	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	1,100	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,425	...	...	94.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,085	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,740	...	...	18.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,750	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,795	...	...	15.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,120	...	...	8.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,125	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,320	...	...	6.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,025	...	...	8.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,640	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,985	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,530	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,755	...	...	51.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,115	...	...	44.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,645	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,630	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,865	...	...	16.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,030	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,965	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,535	...	...	17.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,205	...	...	14.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,885	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,395	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,210	...	...	80.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,090	...	...	19.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,405	...	...	17.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,695	...	...	29.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,250	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,660	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,805	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,815	...	...	70.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,715	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	31,905	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.8	...	...	59.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,474	...	...	1,474	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	387,200	...	...	387,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.5	...	...	16.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.5	...	...	22.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,450	43,150	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,090	1,915	2,170	4.7	4.4	4.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,955	1,865	2,090	4.5	4.3	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,400	1,545	1,850	3.9	3.6	4.2
Métis single ancestry	545	315	230	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,565	1,755	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,425	1,690	1,735	3.9	3.9	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,000	985	1,020	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,405	700	705	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	79,800	39,490	40,315	91.3	91.5	91.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,445	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	75,245	36,945	38,300	86.0	85.6	86.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,580	8,380	8,205	19.0	19.4	18.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	58,660	28,570	30,090	67.1	66.2	67.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,205	6,210	5,995	14.0	14.4	13.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,445	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,165	31,875	33,295	74.5	73.9	75.2
Immigrants⁸¹	19,325	9,615	9,710	22.1	22.3	21.9
Before 1980	1,645	820	825	1.9	1.9	1.9
1980 to 1990	940	460	480	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,225	570	655	1.4	1.3	1.5
2001 to 2010	3,585	1,770	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,935	5,995	5,940	13.6	13.9	13.4
2011 to 2015	5,310	2,700	2,610	6.1	6.3	5.9
2016 to 2021	6,625	3,300	3,330	7.6	7.6	7.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,950	1,660	1,290	3.4	3.8	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,325	9,615	9,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,715	890	830	8.9	9.3	8.5
5 to 14 years	3,440	1,885	1,560	17.8	19.6	16.1
15 to 24 years	3,210	1,485	1,725	16.6	15.4	17.8
25 to 44 years	9,215	4,440	4,775	47.7	46.2	49.2
45 years and over	1,750	925	825	9.1	9.6	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,325	9,615	9,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,355	650	705	7.0	6.8	7.3
Brazil	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	50	40	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
El Salvador	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guyana	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	260	125	135	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mexico	180	95	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	445	195	255	2.3	2.0	2.6
Other places of birth in Americas	235	115	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
Europe	2,425	1,200	1,225	12.5	12.5	12.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Croatia	145	85	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
France	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	210	85	125	1.1	0.9	1.3
Greece	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italy	130	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Poland	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romania	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	95	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	340	130	210	1.8	1.4	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525	265	260	2.7	2.8	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	375	210	165	1.9	2.2	1.7
Africa	2,885	1,515	1,370	14.9	15.8	14.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egypt	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	245	110	140	1.3	1.1	1.4
Ethiopia	140	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	875	470	405	4.5	4.9	4.2
Somalia	160	80	85	0.8	0.8	0.9
South Africa, Republic of	190	115	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	1,065	555	505	5.5	5.8	5.2
Asia	12,595	6,235	6,360	65.2	64.8	65.5
Afghanistan	170	75	90	0.9	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	170	105	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
Iraq	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	295	135	165	1.5	1.4	1.7
Turkey	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	2,035	975	1,060	10.5	10.1	10.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	130	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	215	90	120	1.1	0.9	1.2
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	3,055	1,490	1,565	15.8	15.5	16.1
Viet Nam	700	315	390	3.6	3.3	4.0
Bangladesh	500	270	225	2.6	2.8	2.3
India	2,950	1,535	1,415	15.3	16.0	14.6
Pakistan	1,140	570	570	5.9	5.9	5.9
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,020	480	535	5.3	5.0	5.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,625	3,295	3,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	370	190	180	5.6	5.8	5.4
Brazil	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	130	65	70	2.0	2.0	2.1
Mexico	40	35	10	0.6	1.1	0.3
United States of America	105	40	60	1.6	1.2	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
Europe	320	190	135	4.8	5.8	4.1
France	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Germany	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	45	30	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	20	25	0.8	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	135	90	45	2.0	2.7	1.4
Africa	1,410	720	695	21.3	21.9	20.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Egypt	45	15	25	0.7	0.5	0.8
Eritrea	135	55	85	2.0	1.7	2.6
Ethiopia	55	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	600	335	270	9.1	10.2	8.1
Somalia	60	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.1
South Africa, Republic of	55	35	25	0.8	1.1	0.8
Sudan⁹⁷	95	55	40	1.4	1.7	1.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	295	135	160	4.5	4.1	4.8
Asia	4,510	2,200	2,305	68.1	66.8	69.2
Afghanistan	70	25	45	1.1	0.8	1.4
Bangladesh	215	110	105	3.2	3.3	3.2
China⁹⁰	850	440	410	12.8	13.4	12.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
India	1,500	730	770	22.6	22.2	23.1
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	30	0.6	0.5	0.9
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	265	125	135	4.0	3.8	4.1
Philippines	865	425	445	13.1	12.9	13.4
Saudi Arabia	80	35	45	1.2	1.1	1.4
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	220	110	105	3.3	3.3	3.2
Turkey	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	140	50	90	2.1	1.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Asia	85	50	35	1.3	1.5	1.1
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,450	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,710	11,455	11,255	26.0	26.5	25.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,085	5,760	6,335	13.8	13.3	14.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,645	25,940	26,705	60.2	60.1	60.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,680	8,800	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,835	6,155	5,680	66.9	69.9	63.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,950	3,195	1,750	28.0	36.3	19.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,885	2,960	3,925	38.9	33.6	44.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,160	1,235	1,925	17.9	14.0	21.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,640	1,380	1,260	14.9	15.7	14.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,680	8,800	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	305	165	135	1.7	1.9	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,095	1,140	950	11.8	13.0	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	650	330	320	3.7	3.8	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,630	945	685	9.2	10.7	7.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,935	6,185	6,750	73.2	70.3	75.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,450	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,865	12,620	12,245	28.4	29.2	27.6
South Asian	7,970	4,170	3,800	9.1	9.7	8.6
Chinese	3,855	1,975	1,880	4.4	4.6	4.2
Black	4,320	2,205	2,115	4.9	5.1	4.8
Filipino	3,635	1,760	1,880	4.2	4.1	4.2
Arab	1,040	545	495	1.2	1.3	1.1
Latin American	590	300	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Southeast Asian	1,545	740	805	1.8	1.7	1.8
West Asian	590	300	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	635	315	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,585	30,535	32,050	71.6	70.8	72.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,050	3,495	3,560	8.1	8.1	8.0
English	15,820	7,645	8,170	18.1	17.7	18.4
Irish	10,735	5,005	5,730	12.3	11.6	12.9
Scottish	13,080	6,370	6,710	15.0	14.8	15.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,755	3,380	3,380	7.7	7.8	7.6
German	21,110	10,305	10,805	24.1	23.9	24.4
Chinese	3,945	1,975	1,965	4.5	4.6	4.4
Italian	1,175	525	650	1.3	1.2	1.5
Indian (India)	3,855	2,060	1,795	4.4	4.8	4.1
Ukrainian	10,020	4,765	5,250	11.5	11.0	11.9
Dutch	1,685	840	840	1.9	1.9	1.9
Polish	4,370	2,090	2,280	5.0	4.8	5.1
Québécois	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,890	950	940	2.2	2.2	2.1
Filipino	3,310	1,590	1,720	3.8	3.7	3.9
French Canadian	415	230	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,010	565	445	1.2	1.3	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,985	1,430	1,560	3.4	3.3	3.5
Métis	2,215	1,125	1,085	2.5	2.6	2.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,040	530	510	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	2,440	1,205	1,240	2.8	2.8	2.8
Norwegian	3,670	1,745	1,925	4.2	4.0	4.3
Welsh	1,345	715	630	1.5	1.7	1.4
Portuguese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	945	515	435	1.1	1.2	1.0
Spanish	555	235	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	1,885	920	965	2.2	2.1	2.2
Hungarian	3,165	1,575	1,590	3.6	3.6	3.6
Acadian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	1,250	635	610	1.4	1.5	1.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	675	355	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	340	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	785	415	365	0.9	1.0	0.8
Vietnamese	1,000	505	495	1.1	1.2	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	535	290	240	0.6	0.7	0.5
Greek	410	220	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	945	490	455	1.1	1.1	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,330	590	735	1.5	1.4	1.7
Korean	285	125	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	1,530	720	805	1.7	1.7	1.8
Lebanese	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	770	340	440	0.9	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	610	310	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	470	250	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	2,420	1,155	1,275	2.8	2.7	2.9
Belgian	670	360	305	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	600	310	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexican	335	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swiss	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	275	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	370	190	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	230	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	190	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	195	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	540	215	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	385	195	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	485	230	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	650	365	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	310	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	455	235	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eritrean	425	215	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
African Canadian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	220	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	290	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Byelorussian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Buddhist	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Karen	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,450	43,155	44,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	800	375	425	0.9	0.9	1.0
Christian	45,915	21,380	24,530	52.5	49.5	55.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,090	3,385	3,710	8.1	7.8	8.4
Anabaptist	195	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anglican	1,855	865	995	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baptist	1,175	495	680	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	20,585	9,785	10,800	23.5	22.7	24.4
Christian Orthodox	1,525	745	780	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	450	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	150	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	4,200	1,945	2,250	4.8	4.5	5.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,160	545	615	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	435	210	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,035	2,070	2,965	5.8	4.8	6.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,920	905	1,020	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hindu	2,940	1,520	1,415	3.4	3.5	3.2
Jewish	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	4,645	2,350	2,300	5.3	5.4	5.2
Sikh	1,750	945	805	2.0	2.2	1.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	395	150	245	0.5	0.3	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	635	305	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	30,180	16,020	14,155	34.5	37.1	32.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,390	42,575	43,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,490	35,635	36,860	83.9	83.7	84.1
Movers	13,895	6,940	6,960	16.1	16.3	15.9
Non-migrants	10,375	5,110	5,260	12.0	12.0	12.0
Migrants	3,525	1,825	1,695	4.1	4.3	3.9
Internal migrants	2,565	1,345	1,225	3.0	3.2	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,595	800	790	1.8	1.9	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	970	540	435	1.1	1.3	1.0
External migrants	960	485	475	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,460	40,670	41,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,995	22,630	23,370	55.8	55.6	55.9
Movers	36,460	18,040	18,420	44.2	44.4	44.1
Non-migrants	21,395	10,630	10,755	25.9	26.1	25.7
Migrants	15,070	7,410	7,660	18.3	18.2	18.3
Internal migrants	8,535	4,115	4,420	10.4	10.1	10.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,630	2,655	2,980	6.8	6.5	7.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,905	1,465	1,440	3.5	3.6	3.4
External migrants	6,530	3,290	3,245	7.9	8.1	7.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,620	35,085	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,065	5,240	4,825	14.1	14.9	13.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,555	29,845	31,710	85.9	85.1	86.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,355	23,010	23,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,640	2,140	1,505	7.9	9.3	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,710	20,880	21,835	92.1	90.7	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,620	35,090	36,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,145	4,605	4,540	12.8	13.1	12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,490	11,015	10,480	30.0	31.4	28.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,985	19,465	21,520	57.2	55.5	58.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,265	8,780	9,485	25.5	25.0	26.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,970	3,495	1,470	6.9	10.0	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,075	1,125	945	2.9	3.2	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,895	2,370	525	4.0	6.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,840	3,890	5,950	13.7	11.1	16.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,460	1,395	2,060	4.8	4.0	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,720	10,685	12,035	31.7	30.5	32.9
Bachelor's degree	15,490	7,180	8,310	21.6	20.5	22.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,170	555	615	1.6	1.6	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	750	375	375	1.0	1.1	1.0
Master's degree	4,495	2,085	2,410	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	810	485	325	1.1	1.4	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,350	23,015	23,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,200	1,815	1,390	6.9	7.9	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,860	6,370	5,490	25.6	27.7	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,290	14,825	16,465	67.5	64.4	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,955	6,355	6,595	28.0	27.6	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,580	2,560	1,020	7.7	11.1	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	775	645	3.1	3.4	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,160	1,790	375	4.7	7.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,165	2,870	4,300	15.5	12.5	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,205	925	1,285	4.8	4.0	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,335	8,465	9,870	39.6	36.8	42.3
Bachelor's degree	12,370	5,705	6,665	26.7	24.8	28.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	435	475	2.0	1.9	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.5
Master's degree	3,810	1,695	2,115	8.2	7.4	9.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	610	345	265	1.3	1.5	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,620	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,635	15,615	15,015	42.8	44.5	41.1
Education	3,450	975	2,475	4.8	2.8	6.8
13. Education	3,450	975	2,475	4.8	2.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	515	570	1.5	1.5	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	110	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	925	410	510	1.3	1.2	1.4
Humanities	2,035	790	1,240	2.8	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	40	140	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	550	160	395	0.8	0.5	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	175	350	0.7	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	170	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	265	165	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,960	1,635	2,325	5.5	4.7	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	250	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	20	470	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	665	380	290	0.9	1.1	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	810	245	560	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,370	705	670	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	10,555	4,270	6,285	14.7	12.2	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	305	590	1.2	0.9	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,650	3,960	5,690	13.5	11.3	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360	640	720	1.9	1.8	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	240	285	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	125	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	430	260	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,300	1,545	755	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,930	1,345	585	2.7	3.8	1.6
25. Library science	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	160	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,470	6,565	905	10.4	18.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	255	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,425	1,920	500	3.4	5.5	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,370	140	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,495	1,445	55	2.1	4.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,065	1,045	20	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	720	645	70	1.0	1.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	465	285	1.0	1.3	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	600	365	235	0.8	1.0	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	100	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,295	1,350	4,950	8.8	3.8	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	475	250	225	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,575	960	4,620	7.8	2.7	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,720	715	1,010	2.4	2.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,160	285	880	1.6	0.8	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	335	225	110	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	195	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,355	23,010	23,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,065	8,185	6,875	32.5	35.6	29.4
Education	2,145	590	1,555	4.6	2.6	6.7
13. Education	2,145	590	1,555	4.6	2.6	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	865	405	460	1.9	1.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	80	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	745	330	420	1.6	1.4	1.8
Humanities	1,455	550	905	3.1	2.4	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	25	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	410	115	295	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	400	135	260	0.9	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	195	110	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,170	1,265	1,905	6.8	5.5	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	230	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	25	385	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	495	255	235	1.1	1.1	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	570	165	405	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,130	555	575	2.4	2.4	2.5
Business, management and public administration	8,400	3,350	5,050	18.1	14.6	21.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	705	225	475	1.5	1.0	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,685	3,120	4,565	16.6	13.6	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	475	585	2.3	2.1	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	165	220	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	100	155	0.5	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	355	195	150	0.8	0.8	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,895	1,240	655	4.1	5.4	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,615	1,110	505	3.5	4.8	2.2
25. Library science	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,770	5,015	750	12.4	21.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	185	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	2,030	1,595	440	4.4	6.9	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,135	1,005	130	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,125	1,090	40	2.4	4.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	755	740	10	1.6	3.2	0.0
48. Precision production	535	490	45	1.2	2.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	315	230	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	225	180	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,690	1,045	3,645	10.1	4.5	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	160	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,135	765	3,370	8.9	3.3	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	115	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,300	580	720	2.8	2.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	850	235	615	1.8	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	195	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,355	23,010	23,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,065	8,185	6,875	32.5	35.6	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,290	14,825	16,465	67.5	64.4	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	23,555	11,095	12,460	50.8	48.2	53.4
Same as province or territory of residence	19,410	9,035	10,370	41.9	39.3	44.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,145	2,060	2,085	8.9	9.0	8.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,740	3,730	4,010	16.7	16.2	17.2
Americas	745	395	350	1.6	1.7	1.5
United States of America	530	295	235	1.1	1.3	1.0
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	825	445	380	1.8	1.9	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	170	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	790	415	370	1.7	1.8	1.6
Nigeria	395	240	160	0.9	1.0	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	260	105	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Asia	5,265	2,410	2,860	11.4	10.5	12.3
Iran⁸⁸	120	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	820	375	445	1.8	1.6	1.9
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,275	545	735	2.8	2.4	3.1
Viet Nam	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	235	105	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,855	940	920	4.0	4.1	3.9
Pakistan	390	175	215	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other locations of study in Asia	140	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,620	35,090	36,535	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,900	25,015	22,890	...	...	...
Employed	43,125	22,440	20,685	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,775	2,575	2,200	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,715	10,070	13,645	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.9	71.3	62.7	66.9	71.3	62.7
Employment rate	60.2	63.9	56.6	60.2	63.9	56.6
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.3	9.6	10.0	10.3	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,620	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,535	10,765	13,770	34.3	30.7	37.7
Worked	47,085	24,320	22,765	65.7	69.3	62.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,495	14,595	11,905	37.0	41.6	32.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,585	9,725	10,860	28.7	27.7	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	41.0	41.8	42.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,900	25,015	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	775	680	3.0	3.1	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,440	24,245	22,205	97.0	96.9	97.0
Employee	40,905	20,855	20,050	85.4	83.4	87.6
Permanent position	33,460	17,275	16,185	69.9	69.1	70.7
Temporary position	7,450	3,580	3,870	15.6	14.3	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,445	1,160	1,285	5.1	4.6	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000	2,420	2,580	10.4	9.7	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,535	3,390	2,150	11.6	13.6	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,900	25,015	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	775	680	3.0	3.1	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,440	24,245	22,205	97.0	96.9	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	590	355	235	1.2	1.4	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,855	3,120	5,735	18.5	12.5	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,060	3,040	1,025	8.5	12.2	4.5
3 Health occupations	4,030	880	3,150	8.4	3.5	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,510	2,405	4,100	13.6	9.6	17.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,200	550	655	2.5	2.2	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,610	6,065	6,540	26.3	24.2	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,635	6,125	510	13.9	24.5	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	775	645	130	1.6	2.6	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,175	1,050	120	2.5	4.2	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,900	25,015	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	775	680	3.0	3.1	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	46,440	24,245	22,205	97.0	96.9	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	320	120	0.9	1.3	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	320	55	0.8	1.3	0.2
22 Utilities	780	465	315	1.6	1.9	1.4
23 Construction	2,875	2,485	395	6.0	9.9	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,885	1,570	320	3.9	6.3	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,615	1,185	430	3.4	4.7	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,530	2,865	2,665	11.5	11.5	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,860	1,555	300	3.9	6.2	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,355	800	560	2.8	3.2	2.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,740	1,260	1,480	5.7	5.0	6.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	745	415	335	1.6	1.7	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,285	1,900	1,385	6.9	7.6	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,675	1,005	670	3.5	4.0	2.9
61 Educational services	3,710	1,305	2,410	7.7	5.2	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,380	1,425	4,950	13.3	5.7	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	495	460	2.0	2.0	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,425	1,670	1,755	7.2	6.7	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,115	910	1,205	4.4	3.6	5.3
91 Public administration	4,620	2,270	2,345	9.6	9.1	10.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,580	26,150	24,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,290	25,025	23,265	95.5	95.7	95.2
French	190	50	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official language	380	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	380	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	505	205	300	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,160	660	500	2.3	2.5	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,580	26,150	24,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,260	25,990	24,265	99.4	99.4	99.3
Official languages	49,700	25,690	24,010	98.3	98.2	98.3
English	49,375	25,605	23,765	97.6	97.9	97.3
French	325	85	245	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	560	305	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	555	300	255	1.1	1.1	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	220	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese languages	365	215	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	155	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	320	150	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	235	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,580	26,150	24,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,130	25,375	23,760	97.1	97.0	97.2
English	280	140	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
French	310	145	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	675	375	305	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	665	375	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	90	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,125	22,440	20,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,365	4,430	4,935	21.7	19.7	23.9
Worked outside Canada	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,495	3,440	1,055	10.4	15.3	5.1
Usual place of work	29,195	14,515	14,685	67.7	64.7	71.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,200	14,515	14,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,700	12,835	13,870	91.4	88.4	94.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,885	1,275	610	6.5	8.8	4.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	435	280	155	1.5	1.9	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	175	130	50	0.6	0.9	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,695	17,955	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,095	16,365	13,730	89.3	91.1	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,680	15,590	12,085	82.1	86.8	76.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,415	770	1,640	7.2	4.3	10.4
Public transit	1,200	520	680	3.6	2.9	4.3
Walked	1,440	650	795	4.3	3.6	5.1
Bicycle	195	120	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	765	310	455	2.3	1.7	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,695	17,955	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,185	7,745	7,445	45.1	43.1	47.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,245	8,240	7,005	45.2	45.9	44.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,875	1,125	745	5.6	6.3	4.7
45 to 59 minutes	650	365	285	1.9	2.0	1.8
60 minutes and over	735	480	255	2.2	2.7	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,695	17,955	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,430	1,030	405	4.2	5.7	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,850	2,925	1,925	14.4	16.3	12.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,550	5,505	5,045	31.3	30.7	32.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,010	3,295	3,715	20.8	18.4	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,580	2,215	2,370	13.6	12.3	15.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,270	2,990	2,275	15.6	16.7	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,165	9,810	9,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,650	815	830	8.6	8.3	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,515	8,990	8,530	91.4	91.6	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,705	7,045	6,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,235	615	625	9.0	8.7	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	895	430	460	6.5	6.1	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	185	160	2.5	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,470	6,435	6,040	91.0	91.3	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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