Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--Qu'AppelleMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	78,140	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	76,017	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	35,142	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	30,958	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12,723.61	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	78,140	39,280	38,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,220	8,225	7,995	20.8	20.9	20.6
0 to 4 years	5,010	2,525	2,485	6.4	6.4	6.4
5 to 9 years	5,580	2,805	2,775	7.1	7.1	7.1
10 to 14 years	5,630	2,890	2,730	7.2	7.4	7.0
15 to 64 years	49,185	25,105	24,080	62.9	63.9	62.0
15 to 19 years	4,805	2,505	2,300	6.1	6.4	5.9
20 to 24 years	4,360	2,370	1,990	5.6	6.0	5.1
25 to 29 years	4,655	2,375	2,285	6.0	6.0	5.9
30 to 34 years	5,210	2,595	2,610	6.7	6.6	6.7
35 to 39 years	5,480	2,790	2,690	7.0	7.1	6.9
40 to 44 years	5,255	2,645	2,610	6.7	6.7	6.7
45 to 49 years	4,785	2,410	2,375	6.1	6.1	6.1
50 to 54 years	4,650	2,415	2,240	6.0	6.1	5.8
55 to 59 years	5,060	2,550	2,515	6.5	6.5	6.5
60 to 64 years	4,930	2,465	2,465	6.3	6.3	6.3
65 years and over	12,730	5,945	6,790	16.3	15.1	17.5
65 to 69 years	4,245	2,085	2,160	5.4	5.3	5.6
70 to 74 years	3,200	1,575	1,625	4.1	4.0	4.2
75 to 79 years	2,175	1,030	1,140	2.8	2.6	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,525	675	850	2.0	1.7	2.2
85 years and over	1,585	575	1,010	2.0	1.5	2.6
85 to 89 years	930	370	570	1.2	0.9	1.5
90 to 94 years	500	180	320	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	125	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.8	20.9	20.6	20.8	20.9	20.6
15 to 64 years	62.9	63.9	62.0	62.9	63.9	62.0
65 years and over	16.3	15.1	17.5	16.3	15.1	17.5
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.6	2.0	1.5	2.6
Average age of the population	39.1	38.4	39.8	39.1	38.4	39.8
Median age of the population	38.4	37.6	39.2	38.4	37.6	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,300	...	...	78.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	905	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	925	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	730	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,195	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	375	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	485	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,960	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	10,580	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	4,315	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	4,075	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,030	...	...	9.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	76,650	38,385	38,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	61,915	31,050	30,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,995	16,975	17,020	54.9	54.7	55.1
Married	27,585	13,785	13,795	44.6	44.4	44.7
Living common-law	6,410	3,185	3,225	10.4	10.3	10.4
Living common law - Never married	4,780	2,385	2,395	7.7	7.7	7.8
Living common law - Separated	225	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,280	645	640	2.1	2.1	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	27,925	14,075	13,850	45.1	45.3	44.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,975	10,750	8,225	30.6	34.6	26.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,545	705	845	2.5	2.3	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,835	1,805	2,035	6.2	5.8	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,560	820	2,745	5.7	2.6	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,885	...	...	51.1	...	...
3 persons	4,205	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	3,855	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,340	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,630	...	...	78.1	...	...
Married couples	13,425	...	...	63.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,885	...	...	32.3	...	...
Without children	6,540	...	...	30.7	...	...
Common-law couples	3,205	...	...	15.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,495	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	1,715	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,650	...	...	21.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,475	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,180	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	76,655	38,380	38,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	62,690	31,005	31,685	81.8	80.8	82.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,265	16,615	16,655	43.4	43.3	43.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,655	1,180	3,475	6.1	3.1	9.1
Children⁶	24,770	13,215	11,555	32.3	34.4	30.2
In a two-parent family	16,715	8,840	7,875	21.8	23.0	20.6
In a one-parent family	8,050	4,370	3,680	10.5	11.4	9.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,960	7,375	6,590	18.2	19.2	17.2
Living alone	8,955	4,600	4,355	11.7	12.0	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,335	1,160	1,180	3.0	3.0	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,665	1,620	1,045	3.5	4.2	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,670	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	15,250	...	...	49.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,610	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	7,635	...	...	24.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,420	...	...	11.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	840	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,050	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,305	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	8,955	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	60,500	30,195	30,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,700	28,695	29,000	95.4	95.0	95.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	41,200	44,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,745	28,725	29,020	95.4	95.1	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,000	35,600	37,600	40,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,645	25,045	24,595	82.1	82.9	81.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	31,000	36,400	42,000	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,190	21,375	19,820	68.1	70.8	65.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,000	38,400	42,800	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,565	25,145	26,415	85.2	83.3	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	7,900	11,100	9,700	7,900	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,005	3,215	2,795	9.9	10.6	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,920	6,000	6,000	5,920	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,300	7,600	7,700	25.3	25.2	25.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	60,395	30,025	30,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,695	28,560	29,135	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,920	55,300	44,680	49,920	55,300	44,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,740	28,575	29,165	95.6	95.2	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	45,880	39,280	42,560	45,880	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,840	25,010	24,835	82.5	83.3	81.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,920	53,150	38,640	45,920	53,150	38,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,180	21,285	19,895	68.2	70.9	65.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	52,050	40,000	46,240	52,050	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,415	24,965	26,450	85.1	83.1	87.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,520	10,030	12,920	11,520	10,030	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,980	3,165	2,810	9.9	10.5	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	6,590	7,840	7,180	6,590	7,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,240	7,500	7,745	25.2	25.0	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,550	9,450	9,640	9,550	9,450	9,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	60,395	30,025	30,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,635	11,330	9,305	34.2	37.7	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	64,000	54,800	60,000	64,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	72,700	60,800	67,300	72,700	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,915	7,250	7,665	24.7	24.1	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,800	17,400	19,200	21,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	32,320	24,120	28,120	32,320	24,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.2	73.8	79.4	84.2	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.0	70.2	61.1	66.0	70.2	61.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	15.8	26.3	20.6	15.8	26.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.0	7.0	5.9	5.0	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.5	5.7	5.1	4.5	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	60,495	30,195	30,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,805	1,505	1,300	4.6	5.0	4.3
With total income	57,695	28,695	29,005	95.4	95.0	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,025	2,570	2,460	8.7	9.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	6,400	2,910	3,490	11.1	10.1	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	9,045	4,160	4,885	15.7	14.5	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,485	3,240	4,245	13.0	11.3	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,935	3,170	3,765	12.0	11.0	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,805	2,810	3,000	10.1	9.8	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,370	2,275	2,095	7.6	7.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,250	1,825	1,420	5.6	6.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	1,450	1,070	4.4	5.1	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	1,020	855	3.2	3.6	2.9
$100,000 and over	4,985	3,270	1,715	8.6	11.4	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	3,695	2,315	1,380	6.4	8.1	4.8
$150,000 and over	1,295	955	340	2.2	3.3	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	60,495	30,195	30,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,755	1,470	1,280	4.6	4.9	4.2
With after-tax income	57,745	28,725	29,025	95.5	95.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,210	2,650	2,560	9.0	9.2	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,680	3,055	3,625	11.6	10.6	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	10,270	4,755	5,520	17.8	16.6	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,835	3,955	4,880	15.3	13.8	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,090	3,855	4,235	14.0	13.4	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,210	3,235	2,975	10.8	11.3	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,175	2,305	1,875	7.2	8.0	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	1,630	1,365	5.2	5.7	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,860	1,045	810	3.2	3.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	670	450	1.9	2.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,290	1,560	725	4.0	5.4	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,300	855	445	2.3	3.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	985	710	280	1.7	2.5	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	60,495	30,195	30,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,305	8,825	10,485	31.9	29.2	34.6
With employment income	41,190	21,375	19,815	68.1	70.8	65.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,765	2,835	2,930	14.0	13.3	14.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,015	1,425	1,585	7.3	6.7	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,540	2,155	2,385	11.0	10.1	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,055	1,885	2,170	9.8	8.8	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,855	1,785	2,075	9.4	8.4	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,040	2,005	2,030	9.8	9.4	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	1,825	1,740	8.7	8.5	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,875	1,615	1,265	7.0	7.6	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,295	1,330	960	5.6	6.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,945	1,130	815	4.7	5.3	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,435	785	645	3.5	3.7	3.3
$100,000 and over	3,810	2,600	1,215	9.2	12.2	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,015	1,265	745	4.9	5.9	3.8
$125,000 and over	1,800	1,335	465	4.4	6.2	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	60,500	30,195	30,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,345	27,990	28,360	93.1	92.7	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,600	39,600	44,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,360	27,990	28,370	93.2	92.7	93.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,200	36,000	39,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,055	24,780	24,280	81.1	82.1	80.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,400	38,000	44,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,165	21,440	19,730	68.0	71.0	65.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	35,200	39,600	44,400	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,050	23,995	25,055	81.1	79.5	82.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,040	1,490	6,850	4,040	1,490	6,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,645	2,330	2,315	7.7	7.7	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,000	6,500	6,200	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	60,395	30,025	30,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,395	27,900	28,490	93.4	92.9	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	54,000	42,080	48,000	54,000	42,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,400	27,900	28,500	93.4	92.9	93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,640	44,520	36,800	40,640	44,520	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,385	24,875	24,515	81.8	82.8	80.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,250	39,240	46,800	54,250	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,430	21,515	19,915	68.6	71.7	65.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	53,400	40,480	47,200	53,400	40,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,975	23,855	25,120	81.1	79.5	82.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,050	6,580	9,440	8,050	6,580	9,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,615	2,370	2,245	7.6	7.9	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	6,950	8,490	7,700	6,950	8,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	60,395	30,025	30,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,520	11,285	9,235	34.0	37.6	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,400	52,000	57,600	62,400	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800	70,800	57,400	64,800	70,800	57,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,040	6,880	7,165	23.2	22.9	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	30,400	23,000	26,000	30,400	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,360	39,880	29,080	34,360	39,880	29,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.6	80.2	85.4	89.6	80.2
Employment income (%)	72.2	76.2	67.2	72.2	76.2	67.2
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.4	19.8	14.6	10.4	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200	...	...	48,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,240	...	...	41,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,530	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,310	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,305	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,340	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,500	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,325	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,050	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,905	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,745	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,080	...	...	35.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,645	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,835	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,130	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	620	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,620	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,385	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,285	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,530	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,895	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,595	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,335	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,170	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,605	...	...	27.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,535	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,145	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,925	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,625	6,220	5,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,400	36,400	37,600	38,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,800	34,000	34,400	34,800	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,900	...	...	110,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,150	...	...	62,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,530	6,205	5,325	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,800	47,960	43,240	45,800	47,960	43,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,400	40,440	38,160	39,400	40,440	38,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	76,650	38,380	38,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,150	9,735	9,410	25.0	25.4	24.6
0 to 5 years	6,100	3,065	3,035	8.0	8.0	7.9
18 to 64 years	45,500	22,945	22,555	59.4	59.8	58.9
65 years and over	12,005	5,700	6,305	15.7	14.9	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,040	5,940	6,095	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,105	2,105	2,000	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,415	700	715	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,890	2,985	2,905	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,045	850	1,190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	15.5	15.9	15.7	15.5	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	21.4	21.6	21.2	21.4	21.6	21.2
0 to 5 years (%)	23.2	22.9	23.6	23.2	22.9	23.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.9	13.0	12.9	12.9	13.0	12.9
65 years and over (%)	17.0	14.9	18.9	17.0	14.9	18.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	71,255	35,645	35,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,020	8,655	8,360	23.9	24.3	23.5
0 to 5 years	5,495	2,785	2,710	7.7	7.8	7.6
18 to 64 years	42,675	21,490	21,185	59.9	60.3	59.5
65 years and over	11,555	5,495	6,060	16.2	15.4	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,895	1,590	1,305	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	780	405	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	270	140	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,940	1,095	845	...	...	...
65 years and over	170	85	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.5	3.7	4.1	4.5	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.1	4.0	4.6	5.1	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	76,650	38,380	38,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	43,785	21,560	22,230	57.1	56.2	58.1
In bottom decile	10,375	5,245	5,130	13.5	13.7	13.4
In second decile	9,575	4,555	5,020	12.5	11.9	13.1
In third decile	8,410	4,115	4,295	11.0	10.7	11.2
In fourth decile	7,855	3,880	3,980	10.2	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	7,565	3,760	3,800	9.9	9.8	9.9
In top half of the distribution	32,865	16,825	16,040	42.9	43.8	41.9
In sixth decile	7,220	3,630	3,590	9.4	9.5	9.4
In seventh decile	6,920	3,575	3,345	9.0	9.3	8.7
In eighth decile	7,040	3,615	3,425	9.2	9.4	8.9
In ninth decile	6,540	3,325	3,215	8.5	8.7	8.4
In top decile	5,140	2,670	2,470	6.7	7.0	6.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	76,655	...	...	76,655	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.472	...	...	0.472	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	76,760	38,435	38,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	73,855	37,140	36,710	96.2	96.6	95.8
French only	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	2,380	1,060	1,325	3.1	2.8	3.5
Neither English nor French	495	220	275	0.6	0.6	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	76,760	38,435	38,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,770	37,965	37,800	98.7	98.8	98.6
French	420	215	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	465	200	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	76,760	38,435	38,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	74,770	37,440	37,330	97.4	97.4	97.4
Official languages	66,555	33,395	33,160	86.7	86.9	86.5
English	66,100	33,160	32,935	86.1	86.3	85.9
French	455	235	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	8,215	4,045	4,170	10.7	10.5	10.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	185	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	330	145	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,805	3,865	3,945	10.2	10.1	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	595	310	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	510	265	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	365	195	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	420	205	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	415	205	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,015	960	1,055	2.6	2.5	2.8
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	125	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,590	760	830	2.1	2.0	2.2
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,675	1,835	1,835	4.8	4.8	4.8
Albanian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	725	340	385	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	720	340	375	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	415	205	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	645	315	335	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	490	235	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	480	225	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	980	870	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,750	925	825	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	370	195	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	290	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	575	280	295	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	375	160	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	235	100	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	235	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	235	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	295	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,990	990	1,000	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,570	780	795	2.0	2.0	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	76,760	38,435	38,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,300	33,780	33,520	87.7	87.9	87.5
French	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,890	935	950	2.5	2.4	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,875	930	940	2.4	2.4	2.5
English and French	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,715	3,270	3,445	8.7	8.5	9.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	250	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	76,760	38,435	38,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,060	37,615	37,440	97.8	97.9	97.7
Official languages	70,430	35,295	35,135	91.8	91.8	91.7
English	70,275	35,220	35,060	91.6	91.6	91.5
French	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,630	2,320	2,310	6.0	6.0	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,545	2,280	2,270	5.9	5.9	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	445	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	200	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	340	175	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	340	175	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,215	610	610	1.6	1.6	1.6
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,010	495	510	1.3	1.3	1.3
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,905	975	935	2.5	2.5	2.4
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,400	735	665	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,345	710	635	1.8	1.8	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	285	155	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	460	255	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	425	210	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	200	95	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,700	820	880	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,590	770	820	2.1	2.0	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	76,760	38,435	38,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,675	35,420	35,255	92.1	92.2	92.0
English	2,130	1,050	1,080	2.8	2.7	2.8
French	270	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	2,870	1,380	1,485	3.7	3.6	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	495	220	280	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-Indigenous	2,365	1,160	1,205	3.1	3.0	3.1
English and French	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	390	205	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	185	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	76,065	38,035	38,035	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	76,050	38,025	38,025	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	2,305	1,055	1,250	3.0	2.8	3.3
Non-official languages	11,705	5,735	5,965	15.3	15.0	15.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,300	645	655	1.7	1.7	1.7
Algonquian languages	1,020	505	510	1.3	1.3	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	820	395	430	1.1	1.0	1.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	820	395	430	1.1	1.0	1.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	230	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	580	290	295	0.8	0.8	0.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	165	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	285	165	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	260	145	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	245	100	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Assiniboine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,430	5,105	5,325	13.6	13.4	13.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	865	440	430	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	760	375	385	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	595	275	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	520	245	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	520	245	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,690	1,270	1,415	3.5	3.3	3.7
Bikol	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cebuano	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	285	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,615	1,230	1,385	3.4	3.2	3.6
Waray-Waray	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,755	2,410	2,350	6.2	6.3	6.1
Albanian	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	945	480	470	1.2	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	940	480	465	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	280	130	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	565	300	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	805	435	375	1.1	1.1	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	575	295	280	0.8	0.8	0.7
German	575	295	280	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	135	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afrikaans	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,350	1,210	1,140	3.1	3.2	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,240	1,150	1,090	2.9	3.0	2.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	420	215	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	135	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	595	320	275	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	720	365	355	0.9	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	980	470	505	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	105	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	715	295	420	0.9	0.8	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	545	225	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	655	330	325	0.9	0.9	0.8
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	285	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	330	355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	435	210	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	200	95	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burmese	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,045	7,700	8,350	21.0	20.2	21.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,740	7,575	8,165	20.6	19.8	21.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,355	5,935	6,425	16.2	15.5	16.8
Métis	3,355	1,630	1,725	4.4	4.3	4.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	60,435	30,505	29,930	79.0	79.8	78.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	11,860	5,670	6,195	15.5	14.8	16.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	64,620	32,530	32,090	84.5	85.1	83.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,185	...	...	68.5	...	...
Renter	8,260	...	...	26.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,480	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,775	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not condominium	29,145	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,190	...	...	7.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,655	...	...	24.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,695	...	...	37.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,285	...	...	30.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,700	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 rooms	5,735	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,195	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,280	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,015	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,105	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	820	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	29,190	...	...	94.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,730	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,635	...	...	24.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,380	...	...	36.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,435	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,115	...	...	6.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	930	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,390	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,295	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,725	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	27,615	...	...	89.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,310	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,510	...	...	53.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,270	...	...	42.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,140	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	980	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,460	...	...	14.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,905	...	...	19.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,375	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,190	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,470	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,565	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	980	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	23,245	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,930	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,575	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,915	...	...	28.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,195	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,270	...	...	4.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,425	...	...	7.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	565	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	22,015	...	...	71.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,625	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not in core need	24,195	...	...	87.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,165	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.9	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,275	...	...	1,275	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	317,600	...	...	317,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,100	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.5	...	...	33.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.8	...	...	28.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,071	...	...	1,071	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	250	...	...	250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	276	...	...	276	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	11,625	5,630	5,990	15.2	14.7	15.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,310	5,495	5,820	14.8	14.4	15.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,365	5,030	5,330	13.6	13.2	13.9
Métis single ancestry	940	460	480	1.2	1.2	1.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	310	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	310	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,555	2,140	2,420	6.0	5.6	6.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,305	2,035	2,270	5.6	5.3	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,615	1,230	1,380	3.4	3.2	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,655	780	870	2.2	2.0	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	255	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	105	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,305	30,435	29,865	78.8	79.7	78.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	76,480	38,205	38,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	71,470	35,745	35,725	93.4	93.6	93.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,895	9,140	8,755	23.4	23.9	22.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	53,575	26,605	26,970	70.1	69.6	70.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,015	2,455	2,555	6.6	6.4	6.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	76,480	38,205	38,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,665	33,400	33,265	87.2	87.4	86.9
Immigrants⁸¹	9,175	4,475	4,705	12.0	11.7	12.3
Before 1980	910	455	450	1.2	1.2	1.2
1980 to 1990	355	185	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	420	190	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	2,105	980	1,125	2.8	2.6	2.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,380	2,665	2,715	7.0	7.0	7.1
2011 to 2015	2,935	1,510	1,425	3.8	4.0	3.7
2016 to 2021	2,440	1,155	1,290	3.2	3.0	3.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	640	330	310	0.8	0.9	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,175	4,470	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,095	550	545	11.9	12.3	11.6
5 to 14 years	1,955	965	990	21.3	21.6	21.0
15 to 24 years	1,380	560	825	15.0	12.5	17.5
25 to 44 years	4,050	2,035	2,015	44.1	45.5	42.8
45 years and over	695	360	335	7.6	8.1	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,175	4,470	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	730	340	390	8.0	7.6	8.3
Brazil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	95	40	55	1.0	0.9	1.2
Mexico	50	25	30	0.5	0.6	0.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	370	175	190	4.0	3.9	4.0
Other places of birth in Americas	140	65	75	1.5	1.5	1.6
Europe	1,480	720	755	16.1	16.1	16.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Croatia	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	175	95	75	1.9	2.1	1.6
Greece	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	65	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italy	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	90	70	25	1.0	1.6	0.5
Poland	75	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian Federation	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	150	70	80	1.6	1.6	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	560	255	310	6.1	5.7	6.6
Other places of birth in Europe	150	75	80	1.6	1.7	1.7
Africa	1,265	640	625	13.8	14.3	13.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	50	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
Egypt	70	25	45	0.8	0.6	1.0
Eritrea	70	45	20	0.8	1.0	0.4
Ethiopia	90	30	55	1.0	0.7	1.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	505	250	255	5.5	5.6	5.4
Somalia	65	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	305	165	140	3.3	3.7	3.0
Asia	5,655	2,750	2,905	61.6	61.5	61.7
Afghanistan	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	205	90	120	2.2	2.0	2.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	180	100	85	2.0	2.2	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	2,585	1,220	1,365	28.2	27.3	29.0
Viet Nam	395	185	210	4.3	4.1	4.5
Bangladesh	380	200	180	4.1	4.5	3.8
India	685	350	335	7.5	7.8	7.1
Pakistan	585	275	305	6.4	6.2	6.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	445	230	220	4.9	5.1	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,445	1,155	1,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	165	80	85	6.7	6.9	6.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.0	1.7	0.0
Mexico	25	15	15	1.0	1.3	1.2
United States of America	60	20	40	2.5	1.7	3.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	15	1.6	1.7	1.2
Europe	170	100	70	7.0	8.7	5.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.8
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Ukraine	60	25	30	2.5	2.2	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	0	1.2	2.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	20	1.6	1.7	1.6
Africa	560	275	280	22.9	23.8	21.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	10	1.0	0.9	0.8
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	10	15	1.2	0.9	1.2
Eritrea	50	30	20	2.0	2.6	1.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	335	165	170	13.7	14.3	13.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	20	1.2	1.3	1.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	35	3.1	3.5	2.7
Asia	1,540	695	845	63.0	60.2	65.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	95	35	55	3.9	3.0	4.3
China⁹⁰	35	20	15	1.4	1.7	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	290	115	170	11.9	10.0	13.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	25	10	1.2	2.2	0.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	155	70	80	6.3	6.1	6.2
Philippines	565	260	310	23.1	22.5	24.0
Saudi Arabia	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	200	85	120	8.2	7.4	9.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	85	40	50	3.5	3.5	3.9
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	25	1.4	1.3	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,095	4,920	5,175	13.2	12.9	13.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,690	3,745	3,945	10.1	9.8	10.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	58,695	29,535	29,160	76.7	77.3	76.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,265	4,015	4,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,720	2,850	2,860	69.2	71.0	67.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,135	1,370	765	25.8	34.1	18.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,580	1,480	2,095	43.3	36.9	49.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,325	540	780	16.0	13.4	18.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,220	615	605	14.8	15.3	14.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,265	4,015	4,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	95	65	25	1.1	1.6	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,105	630	475	13.4	15.7	11.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	70	70	1.7	1.7	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365	205	155	4.4	5.1	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,515	3,030	3,490	78.8	75.5	82.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,295	5,065	5,230	13.5	13.3	13.7
South Asian	2,695	1,340	1,355	3.5	3.5	3.5
Chinese	450	250	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
Black	1,885	990	895	2.5	2.6	2.3
Filipino	3,165	1,500	1,660	4.1	3.9	4.3
Arab	430	195	235	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latin American	270	90	180	0.4	0.2	0.5
Southeast Asian	935	445	485	1.2	1.2	1.3
West Asian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	66,185	33,140	33,050	86.5	86.7	86.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	76,480	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,265	3,700	3,565	9.5	9.7	9.3
English	13,940	6,825	7,110	18.2	17.9	18.6
Irish	9,420	4,445	4,970	12.3	11.6	13.0
Scottish	11,040	5,505	5,535	14.4	14.4	14.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,385	3,145	3,240	8.3	8.2	8.5
German	19,475	9,835	9,640	25.5	25.7	25.2
Chinese	690	365	320	0.9	1.0	0.8
Italian	710	345	360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indian (India)	885	435	450	1.2	1.1	1.2
Ukrainian	9,545	4,715	4,830	12.5	12.3	12.6
Dutch	1,415	715	705	1.9	1.9	1.8
Polish	3,905	1,965	1,935	5.1	5.1	5.1
Québécois	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,460	755	710	1.9	2.0	1.9
Filipino	2,755	1,330	1,420	3.6	3.5	3.7
French Canadian	345	140	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	965	520	445	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,140	2,435	2,710	6.7	6.4	7.1
Métis	3,140	1,485	1,655	4.1	3.9	4.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	735	420	310	1.0	1.1	0.8
Russian	2,055	975	1,080	2.7	2.6	2.8
Norwegian	3,380	1,645	1,730	4.4	4.3	4.5
Welsh	1,135	475	660	1.5	1.2	1.7
Portuguese	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	705	345	360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	380	165	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Swedish	1,740	860	885	2.3	2.3	2.3
Hungarian	3,210	1,630	1,580	4.2	4.3	4.1
Acadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	635	310	330	0.8	0.8	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	150	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	220	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	565	270	295	0.7	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	200	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	420	200	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,785	2,310	2,470	6.3	6.0	6.5
Korean	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,300	610	685	1.7	1.6	1.8
Lebanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	685	335	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,180	545	635	1.5	1.4	1.7
Sikh	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	1,925	985	935	2.5	2.6	2.4
Belgian	515	265	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	215	85	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Swiss	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finnish	365	215	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	350	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	850	420	430	1.1	1.1	1.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	400	180	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	295	120	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Newfoundlander	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	330	175	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	335	180	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Armenian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	95	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Canadian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	665	325	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	435	205	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,960	920	1,045	2.6	2.4	2.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	76,485	38,205	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	430	215	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	39,580	19,000	20,575	51.7	49.7	53.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,720	2,805	2,910	7.5	7.3	7.6
Anabaptist	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anglican	1,795	810	980	2.3	2.1	2.6
Baptist	940	490	450	1.2	1.3	1.2
Catholic	17,150	8,505	8,645	22.4	22.3	22.6
Christian Orthodox	765	385	380	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	365	170	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	4,085	1,975	2,110	5.3	5.2	5.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	945	405	545	1.2	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	5,265	2,255	3,010	6.9	5.9	7.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,930	905	1,020	2.5	2.4	2.7
Hindu	285	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	2,340	1,150	1,190	3.1	3.0	3.1
Sikh	490	225	265	0.6	0.6	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	2,630	1,265	1,365	3.4	3.3	3.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	570	255	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	30,105	15,895	14,210	39.4	41.6	37.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	75,645	37,785	37,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,545	33,415	33,125	88.0	88.4	87.5
Movers	9,100	4,375	4,730	12.0	11.6	12.5
Non-migrants	5,990	2,910	3,075	7.9	7.7	8.1
Migrants	3,115	1,470	1,650	4.1	3.9	4.4
Internal migrants	2,750	1,315	1,435	3.6	3.5	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,165	1,015	1,155	2.9	2.7	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	585	305	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	365	150	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	71,505	35,700	35,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,230	22,320	21,910	61.9	62.5	61.2
Movers	27,270	13,385	13,890	38.1	37.5	38.8
Non-migrants	12,855	6,280	6,575	18.0	17.6	18.4
Migrants	14,420	7,105	7,310	20.2	19.9	20.4
Internal migrants	12,460	6,200	6,260	17.4	17.4	17.5
Intraprovincial migrants	10,560	5,270	5,285	14.8	14.8	14.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,900	925	975	2.7	2.6	2.7
External migrants	1,960	905	1,050	2.7	2.5	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,395	30,025	30,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,715	7,900	5,815	22.7	26.3	19.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,680	22,125	24,555	77.3	73.7	80.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,565	19,770	19,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,875	3,705	2,170	14.8	18.7	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,690	16,065	17,620	85.2	81.3	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,390	30,030	30,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,340	6,905	5,435	20.4	23.0	17.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,145	10,525	10,620	35.0	35.0	35.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,905	12,600	14,310	44.6	42.0	47.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,550	8,820	8,730	29.1	29.4	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,370	4,665	1,705	10.5	15.5	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,575	1,490	1,085	4.3	5.0	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,795	3,175	615	6.3	10.6	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,195	3,430	5,765	15.2	11.4	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,985	725	1,260	3.3	2.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,355	3,775	5,580	15.5	12.6	18.4
Bachelor's degree	7,285	2,890	4,395	12.1	9.6	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	185	335	0.9	0.6	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	1,325	585	740	2.2	1.9	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,570	19,775	19,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,125	3,115	2,005	13.0	15.8	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,460	6,940	6,520	34.0	35.1	32.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,985	9,720	11,270	53.0	49.2	56.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,170	6,680	6,490	33.3	33.8	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,760	3,530	1,230	12.0	17.9	6.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,905	1,130	775	4.8	5.7	3.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,855	2,400	460	7.2	12.1	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,065	2,630	4,430	17.9	13.3	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345	520	825	3.4	2.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,820	3,040	4,780	19.8	15.4	24.2
Bachelor's degree	6,015	2,315	3,705	15.2	11.7	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	145	295	1.1	0.7	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,165	475	685	2.9	2.4	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,390	30,025	30,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,485	17,425	16,060	55.4	58.0	52.9
Education	2,205	525	1,680	3.7	1.7	5.5
13. Education	2,205	525	1,680	3.7	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	495	230	270	0.8	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	400	165	235	0.7	0.5	0.8
Humanities	860	390	470	1.4	1.3	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	170	60	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	95	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	140	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,055	590	1,465	3.4	2.0	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	105	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	500	25	475	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	220	50	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	415	80	330	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	575	295	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Business, management and public administration	5,855	1,765	4,090	9.7	5.9	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	625	130	495	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,220	1,630	3,595	8.6	5.4	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	495	240	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	90	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,090	715	375	1.8	2.4	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	920	660	260	1.5	2.2	0.9
25. Library science	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,660	6,155	500	11.0	20.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	775	620	155	1.3	2.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,300	1,150	150	2.2	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,000	1,940	65	3.3	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,625	50	2.8	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	800	755	45	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	955	610	345	1.6	2.0	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	835	520	315	1.4	1.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	4,380	585	3,800	7.3	1.9	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	105	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,085	475	3,615	6.8	1.6	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,855	795	1,060	3.1	2.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,175	245	925	1.9	0.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	295	105	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	275	250	25	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,565	19,770	19,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,585	10,055	8,530	47.0	50.9	43.1
Education	1,495	340	1,155	3.8	1.7	5.8
13. Education	1,495	340	1,155	3.8	1.7	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	190	225	1.0	1.0	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	345	140	205	0.9	0.7	1.0
Humanities	665	305	365	1.7	1.5	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	130	55	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	90	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	95	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,700	445	1,255	4.3	2.3	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	90	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	430	15	410	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	185	45	145	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	340	60	280	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	450	205	245	1.1	1.0	1.2
Business, management and public administration	4,790	1,435	3,350	12.1	7.3	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	100	420	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,265	1,330	2,935	10.8	6.7	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	185	220	1.0	0.9	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	60	120	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	115	75	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	960	645	310	2.4	3.3	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	840	615	225	2.1	3.1	1.1
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,125	4,685	440	13.0	23.7	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	620	475	140	1.6	2.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,060	910	150	2.7	4.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,505	1,455	45	3.8	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,220	1,195	25	3.1	6.0	0.1
48. Precision production	630	590	45	1.6	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	745	455	290	1.9	2.3	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	650	385	260	1.6	1.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	3,275	445	2,830	8.3	2.3	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	75	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,050	365	2,685	7.7	1.8	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,420	585	835	3.6	3.0	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	880	160	720	2.2	0.8	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	230	90	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	195	20	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	39,565	19,770	19,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,585	10,055	8,530	47.0	50.9	43.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,985	9,715	11,265	53.0	49.1	56.9
Location of study inside Canada	17,675	8,110	9,570	44.7	41.0	48.3
Same as province or territory of residence	14,990	6,710	8,285	37.9	33.9	41.9
Different than province or territory of residence	2,680	1,395	1,285	6.8	7.1	6.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,315	1,610	1,700	8.4	8.1	8.6
Americas	370	190	180	0.9	1.0	0.9
United States of America	325	175	145	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	375	205	170	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	85	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	400	205	195	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	225	110	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	110	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Asia	2,150	1,000	1,155	5.4	5.1	5.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,080	475	605	2.7	2.4	3.1
Viet Nam	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bangladesh	170	90	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	400	185	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistan	240	120	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	60,390	30,030	30,365	...	...	...
In the labour force	38,215	20,180	18,035	...	...	...
Employed	34,340	18,105	16,235	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,875	2,075	1,800	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	22,175	9,850	12,335	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.3	67.2	59.4	63.3	67.2	59.4
Employment rate	56.9	60.3	53.5	56.9	60.3	53.5
Unemployment rate	10.1	10.3	10.0	10.1	10.3	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	60,390	30,025	30,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	22,800	10,210	12,590	37.8	34.0	41.5
Worked	37,590	19,815	17,775	62.2	66.0	58.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,445	11,840	9,595	35.5	39.4	31.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,150	7,970	8,170	26.7	26.5	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.1	41.7	41.9	42.1	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	38,215	20,180	18,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	650	665	3.4	3.2	3.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	36,905	19,530	17,375	96.6	96.8	96.3
Employee	31,595	16,030	15,570	82.7	79.4	86.3
Permanent position	25,965	13,325	12,640	67.9	66.0	70.1
Temporary position	5,625	2,700	2,925	14.7	13.4	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,655	620	1,035	4.3	3.1	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,970	2,080	1,890	10.4	10.3	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,310	3,505	1,805	13.9	17.4	10.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	38,215	20,180	18,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	650	665	3.4	3.2	3.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	36,905	19,530	17,375	96.6	96.8	96.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	435	235	200	1.1	1.2	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,965	1,590	4,375	15.6	7.9	24.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,795	1,435	360	4.7	7.1	2.0
3 Health occupations	2,775	325	2,450	7.3	1.6	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,125	1,335	2,790	10.8	6.6	15.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	580	220	360	1.5	1.1	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,140	3,880	5,265	23.9	19.2	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,050	7,405	645	21.1	36.7	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,660	1,985	675	7.0	9.8	3.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,380	1,125	255	3.6	5.6	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	38,215	20,180	18,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	650	665	3.4	3.2	3.7
All industries¹⁹¹	36,905	19,530	17,375	96.6	96.8	96.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,385	1,675	710	6.2	8.3	3.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	415	370	40	1.1	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	505	340	165	1.3	1.7	0.9
23 Construction	3,425	2,975	450	9.0	14.7	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,180	1,785	400	5.7	8.8	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,490	1,105	380	3.9	5.5	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	3,975	2,030	1,950	10.4	10.1	10.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,735	1,405	335	4.5	7.0	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	565	310	260	1.5	1.5	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,555	505	1,055	4.1	2.5	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	320	215	1.4	1.6	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,460	730	725	3.8	3.6	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,435	890	550	3.8	4.4	3.0
61 Educational services	2,160	605	1,550	5.7	3.0	8.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,265	885	4,385	13.8	4.4	24.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	330	290	1.6	1.6	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,005	760	1,235	5.2	3.8	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,960	1,000	960	5.1	5.0	5.3
91 Public administration	3,190	1,485	1,705	8.3	7.4	9.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	40,520	21,255	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,780	20,890	18,890	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	145	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	480	240	235	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	40,520	21,255	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,445	21,215	19,235	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	40,300	21,130	19,165	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	40,240	21,115	19,130	99.3	99.3	99.3
French	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	150	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
S'gaw Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	40,520	21,255	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,945	20,975	18,970	98.6	98.7	98.5
English	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	105	50	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	225	125	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,340	18,105	16,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,090	2,950	3,140	17.7	16.3	19.3
Worked outside Canada	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,630	3,660	970	13.5	20.2	6.0
Usual place of work	23,595	11,475	12,120	68.7	63.4	74.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,595	11,475	12,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,390	6,725	7,670	61.0	58.6	63.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,145	4,120	4,025	34.5	35.9	33.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	935	550	390	4.0	4.8	3.2
Commute to a different province or territory	115	80	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,225	15,135	13,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	25,800	14,075	11,730	91.4	93.0	89.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,100	13,475	10,625	85.4	89.0	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,705	595	1,100	6.0	3.9	8.4
Public transit	600	220	380	2.1	1.5	2.9
Walked	1,195	500	695	4.2	3.3	5.3
Bicycle	140	120	25	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	485	225	260	1.7	1.5	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,225	15,135	13,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,185	6,360	5,830	43.2	42.0	44.5
15 to 29 minutes	10,405	5,565	4,840	36.9	36.8	37.0
30 to 44 minutes	3,150	1,700	1,445	11.2	11.2	11.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,300	720	575	4.6	4.8	4.4
60 minutes and over	1,185	785	395	4.2	5.2	3.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,225	15,135	13,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,805	1,285	520	6.4	8.5	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,405	3,340	2,065	19.1	22.1	15.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,720	4,555	4,160	30.9	30.1	31.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,580	2,575	3,005	19.8	17.0	23.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,740	1,130	1,610	9.7	7.5	12.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,975	2,245	1,725	14.1	14.8	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,485	9,915	9,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	895	450	450	4.6	4.5	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,585	9,465	9,125	95.4	95.5	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,080	7,205	6,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	670	330	345	4.8	4.6	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	415	195	225	2.9	2.7	3.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	135	120	1.8	1.9	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,410	6,875	6,540	95.2	95.4	95.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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