Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--LewvanMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	98,492	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	92,426	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	41,858	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,680	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,698.0	...	...	1,698.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	58.01	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	98,490	48,315	50,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,850	9,665	9,185	19.1	20.0	18.3
0 to 4 years	5,885	2,965	2,915	6.0	6.1	5.8
5 to 9 years	6,610	3,395	3,215	6.7	7.0	6.4
10 to 14 years	6,360	3,305	3,050	6.5	6.8	6.1
15 to 64 years	64,975	32,120	32,860	66.0	66.5	65.5
15 to 19 years	5,460	2,840	2,620	5.5	5.9	5.2
20 to 24 years	6,205	3,165	3,040	6.3	6.6	6.1
25 to 29 years	6,485	3,185	3,305	6.6	6.6	6.6
30 to 34 years	7,980	3,925	4,055	8.1	8.1	8.1
35 to 39 years	8,300	4,090	4,205	8.4	8.5	8.4
40 to 44 years	7,325	3,715	3,615	7.4	7.7	7.2
45 to 49 years	5,940	2,920	3,015	6.0	6.0	6.0
50 to 54 years	5,270	2,570	2,700	5.4	5.3	5.4
55 to 59 years	6,025	2,830	3,195	6.1	5.9	6.4
60 to 64 years	5,980	2,880	3,105	6.1	6.0	6.2
65 years and over	14,665	6,530	8,135	14.9	13.5	16.2
65 to 69 years	5,005	2,355	2,645	5.1	4.9	5.3
70 to 74 years	3,660	1,740	1,920	3.7	3.6	3.8
75 to 79 years	2,355	1,045	1,305	2.4	2.2	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,660	690	965	1.7	1.4	1.9
85 years and over	1,995	705	1,290	2.0	1.5	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,160	430	730	1.2	0.9	1.5
90 to 94 years	630	235	395	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	190	35	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	20.0	18.3	19.1	20.0	18.3
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.5	65.5	66.0	66.5	65.5
65 years and over	14.9	13.5	16.2	14.9	13.5	16.2
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.6	2.0	1.5	2.6
Average age of the population	38.8	37.7	39.8	38.8	37.7	39.8
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,450	...	...	66.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	905	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	2,715	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	695	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,495	...	...	18.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,410	...	...	3.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,055	...	...	27.9	...	...
2 persons	13,555	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	6,125	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	5,755	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,185	...	...	8.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,275	47,825	49,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	79,645	38,650	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,995	23,465	23,530	59.0	60.7	57.4
Married	39,440	19,675	19,760	49.5	50.9	48.2
Living common-law	7,560	3,795	3,770	9.5	9.8	9.2
Living common law - Never married	5,770	2,905	2,865	7.2	7.5	7.0
Living common law - Separated	210	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,470	735	735	1.8	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	32,645	15,180	17,465	41.0	39.3	42.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,665	12,015	10,655	28.5	31.1	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,760	715	1,040	2.2	1.8	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,470	1,625	2,845	5.6	4.2	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,755	830	2,925	4.7	2.1	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,545	...	...	49.5	...	...
3 persons	5,925	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	5,545	...	...	20.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,345	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,940	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	19,160	...	...	70.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,620	...	...	38.8	...	...
Without children	8,540	...	...	31.2	...	...
Common-law couples	3,780	...	...	13.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,420	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	2,360	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,425	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,400	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,025	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	97,275	47,825	49,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,615	39,455	40,155	81.8	82.5	81.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,875	22,940	22,940	47.2	48.0	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,425	1,025	3,400	4.5	2.1	6.9
Children⁶	29,310	15,495	13,820	30.1	32.4	27.9
In a two-parent family	22,295	11,725	10,570	22.9	24.5	21.4
In a one-parent family	7,010	3,765	3,250	7.2	7.9	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,655	8,365	9,295	18.1	17.5	18.8
Living alone	11,055	4,770	6,280	11.4	10.0	12.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,470	1,125	1,350	2.5	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	4,130	2,470	1,660	4.2	5.2	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,585	...	...	62.0	...	...
Couple-family households	21,035	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	11,000	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	10,035	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,550	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	810	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,125	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,920	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	11,055	...	...	27.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	78,465	38,190	40,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,090	36,425	38,660	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	55,600	45,200	50,000	55,600	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,115	36,445	38,675	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,000	40,800	44,000	48,000	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,980	34,315	35,660	89.2	89.9	88.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,000	39,200	45,200	52,000	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,255	29,410	28,845	74.2	77.0	71.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	53,200	42,000	47,200	53,200	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,030	31,365	34,665	84.2	82.1	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	4,240	8,000	6,550	4,240	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,840	3,355	3,480	8.7	8.8	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,520	6,000	5,800	5,520	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,895	8,720	9,170	22.8	22.8	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	78,665	38,285	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,210	36,430	38,780	95.6	95.2	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,500	66,500	52,950	59,500	66,500	52,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,225	36,440	38,780	95.6	95.2	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	54,000	45,080	49,400	54,000	45,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,150	34,305	35,840	89.2	89.6	88.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	63,050	47,400	55,050	63,050	47,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,370	29,355	29,020	74.2	76.7	71.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,600	61,250	47,840	54,600	61,250	47,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,150	31,400	34,750	84.1	82.0	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	8,190	10,180	9,230	8,190	10,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,800	3,385	3,420	8.6	8.8	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	6,075	8,180	7,130	6,075	8,180
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,765	8,865	8,900	22.6	23.2	22.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,470	8,570	8,520	8,470	8,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	78,660	38,285	40,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,170	16,440	14,730	39.6	42.9	36.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	74,000	64,500	69,500	74,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,000	85,100	70,200	78,000	85,100	70,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,300	9,970	11,330	27.1	26.0	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	22,400	17,400	19,800	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	33,960	26,040	29,760	33,960	26,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	89.4	82.8	86.4	89.4	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	74.2	67.6	71.2	74.2	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.6	17.2	13.6	10.6	17.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.6	3.9	3.4	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.1	3.7	3.4	3.1	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	78,465	38,190	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,375	1,760	1,620	4.3	4.6	4.0
With total income	75,090	36,430	38,660	95.7	95.4	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,475	2,455	3,020	7.3	6.7	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,350	2,680	3,670	8.5	7.4	9.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,030	3,775	5,255	12.0	10.4	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	8,330	3,510	4,825	11.1	9.6	12.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,425	3,710	4,715	11.2	10.2	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,690	3,605	4,085	10.2	9.9	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,525	3,280	3,250	8.7	9.0	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,420	2,905	2,510	7.2	8.0	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,335	2,270	2,070	5.8	6.2	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	1,875	1,640	4.7	5.1	4.2
$100,000 and over	9,990	6,365	3,625	13.3	17.5	9.4
$100,000 to $149,999	7,255	4,420	2,835	9.7	12.1	7.3
$150,000 and over	2,735	1,945	790	3.6	5.3	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	78,465	38,190	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,355	1,745	1,605	4.3	4.6	4.0
With after-tax income	75,115	36,440	38,670	95.7	95.4	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,715	2,540	3,180	7.6	7.0	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,730	2,830	3,905	9.0	7.8	10.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,425	4,425	6,005	13.9	12.1	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,370	4,525	5,845	13.8	12.4	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,290	4,760	5,530	13.7	13.1	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,005	4,535	4,465	12.0	12.4	11.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,930	3,645	3,280	9.2	10.0	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,285	2,750	2,535	7.0	7.5	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	1,850	1,545	4.5	5.1	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	1,385	940	3.1	3.8	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,650	3,205	1,445	6.2	8.8	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,675	1,790	885	3.6	4.9	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,975	1,415	560	2.6	3.9	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	78,465	38,190	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,210	8,780	11,435	25.8	23.0	28.4
With employment income	58,255	29,410	28,845	74.2	77.0	71.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,360	2,925	3,440	10.9	9.9	11.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,055	1,820	2,235	7.0	6.2	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,840	2,630	3,210	10.0	8.9	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,660	2,175	2,485	8.0	7.4	8.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,660	2,135	2,525	8.0	7.3	8.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,000	2,260	2,735	8.6	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,110	2,495	2,615	8.8	8.5	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,595	2,420	2,175	7.9	8.2	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,940	2,070	1,870	6.8	7.0	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,385	1,785	1,600	5.8	6.1	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,820	1,520	1,300	4.8	5.2	4.5
$100,000 and over	7,825	5,175	2,650	13.4	17.6	9.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,940	2,405	1,540	6.8	8.2	5.3
$125,000 and over	3,880	2,770	1,115	6.7	9.4	3.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	78,465	38,190	40,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,325	35,505	37,820	93.4	93.0	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	56,000	43,600	48,800	56,000	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,360	35,505	37,850	93.5	93.0	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	38,800	43,200	48,400	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,660	33,660	35,000	87.5	88.1	86.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	54,400	39,600	46,400	54,400	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,610	29,060	28,550	73.4	76.1	70.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	54,800	42,000	47,600	54,800	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,060	29,510	32,550	79.1	77.3	80.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,780	1,050	3,920	1,780	1,050	3,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,435	2,605	2,830	6.9	6.8	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,280	7,400	6,080	5,280	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	78,665	38,285	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,500	35,480	38,020	93.4	92.7	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,700	65,800	50,160	57,700	65,800	50,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,505	35,480	38,025	93.4	92.7	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	53,150	42,600	47,680	53,150	42,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,890	33,605	35,290	87.6	87.8	87.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,800	64,800	47,160	55,800	64,800	47,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,750	29,055	28,695	73.4	75.9	71.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,500	63,000	47,880	55,500	63,000	47,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,265	29,490	32,770	79.2	77.0	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	5,355	7,400	6,430	5,355	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,645	2,730	2,905	7.2	7.1	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	6,150	9,200	7,720	6,150	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	78,660	38,285	40,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,925	16,290	14,630	39.3	42.5	36.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	72,000	60,400	66,000	72,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	82,900	65,300	74,600	82,900	65,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,630	9,110	10,520	25.0	23.8	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	31,200	23,600	26,800	31,200	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,840	42,720	31,720	36,840	42,720	31,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	93.2	87.2	90.6	93.2	87.2
Employment income (%)	75.6	78.4	72.0	75.6	78.4	72.0
Government transfers (%)	9.4	6.8	12.7	9.4	6.8	12.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,050	...	...	61,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,840	...	...	50,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	900	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	980	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	945	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,145	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,240	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,255	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,735	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,720	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,665	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,805	...	...	47.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,160	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,150	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,245	...	...	13.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,245	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,005	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,130	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,480	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,535	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,540	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,400	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,285	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,145	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,990	...	...	37.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,590	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,770	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,625	...	...	14.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,185	7,245	7,945	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	47,200	46,800	46,800	47,200	46,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	41,200	41,200	41,200	41,200	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,300	7,295	8,010	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,350	54,250	54,500	54,350	54,250	54,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,720	45,080	46,320	45,720	45,080	46,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	97,275	47,825	49,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,045	11,315	10,725	22.7	23.7	21.7
0 to 5 years	7,200	3,620	3,580	7.4	7.6	7.2
18 to 64 years	61,450	30,255	31,190	63.2	63.3	63.1
65 years and over	13,780	6,255	7,530	14.2	13.1	15.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,075	3,810	4,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,350	1,190	1,155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	845	400	445	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,715	2,280	2,435	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,015	345	670	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	8.0	8.6	8.3	8.0	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.5	10.8	10.7	10.5	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.0	12.4	11.7	11.0	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.5	7.8	7.7	7.5	7.8
65 years and over (%)	7.3	5.5	8.9	7.3	5.5	8.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	97,275	47,825	49,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,040	11,320	10,725	22.7	23.7	21.7
0 to 5 years	7,205	3,620	3,580	7.4	7.6	7.2
18 to 64 years	61,445	30,255	31,195	63.2	63.3	63.1
65 years and over	13,785	6,250	7,530	14.2	13.1	15.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,785	2,025	1,755	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	865	445	425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	295	145	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,775	1,520	1,255	...	...	...
65 years and over	140	60	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.2	3.6	3.9	4.2	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	5.0	4.0	4.5	5.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	97,275	47,825	49,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,035	19,680	21,350	42.2	41.2	43.2
In bottom decile	7,580	3,765	3,810	7.8	7.9	7.7
In second decile	7,440	3,385	4,055	7.6	7.1	8.2
In third decile	8,180	3,910	4,270	8.4	8.2	8.6
In fourth decile	8,515	4,045	4,470	8.8	8.5	9.0
In fifth decile	9,325	4,575	4,745	9.6	9.6	9.6
In top half of the distribution	56,245	28,145	28,095	57.8	58.8	56.8
In sixth decile	10,300	5,045	5,255	10.6	10.5	10.6
In seventh decile	11,155	5,530	5,630	11.5	11.6	11.4
In eighth decile	12,060	6,020	6,035	12.4	12.6	12.2
In ninth decile	12,265	6,185	6,080	12.6	12.9	12.3
In top decile	10,460	5,355	5,100	10.8	11.2	10.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	97,275	...	...	97,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.387	...	...	0.387	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	97,455	47,900	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,015	44,525	45,495	92.4	93.0	91.8
French only	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	6,425	2,915	3,515	6.6	6.1	7.1
Neither English nor French	935	430	510	1.0	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	97,455	47,900	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,345	46,910	48,435	97.8	97.9	97.7
French	990	470	520	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	895	405	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	97,455	47,900	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	93,895	46,155	47,740	96.3	96.4	96.3
Official languages	77,400	37,865	39,535	79.4	79.1	79.8
English	76,430	37,410	39,020	78.4	78.1	78.7
French	970	455	515	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	16,495	8,290	8,205	16.9	17.3	16.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,390	8,255	8,140	16.8	17.2	16.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	895	445	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	755	390	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	545	295	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	425	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	410	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,220	1,540	1,680	3.3	3.2	3.4
Bikol	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,560	1,220	1,335	2.6	2.5	2.7
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	530	285	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	335	175	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,855	4,575	4,275	9.1	9.6	8.6
Albanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	550	585	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,105	535	575	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	385	190	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	440	205	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	710	325	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	515	235	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	515	235	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	5,830	3,120	2,710	6.0	6.5	5.5
Indo-Aryan languages	5,595	3,000	2,595	5.7	6.3	5.2
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	395	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	1,685	930	755	1.7	1.9	1.5
Hindi	500	280	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,820	955	865	1.9	2.0	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,010	535	470	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	785	395	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	500	255	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	455	235	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,445	710	730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese languages	1,280	625	660	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	880	440	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	340	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,565	1,740	1,820	3.7	3.6	3.7
English and French	355	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,835	1,390	1,450	2.9	2.9	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	97,455	47,900	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,715	38,005	39,715	79.7	79.3	80.1
French	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	4,290	2,155	2,135	4.4	4.5	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,280	2,150	2,125	4.4	4.5	4.3
English and French	985	455	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	13,235	6,680	6,555	13.6	13.9	13.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	560	285	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	97,455	47,900	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	93,625	45,955	47,675	96.1	95.9	96.2
Official languages	83,220	40,655	42,565	85.4	84.9	85.9
English	82,840	40,475	42,360	85.0	84.5	85.5
French	385	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	10,410	5,300	5,110	10.7	11.1	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,385	5,290	5,100	10.7	11.0	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	560	270	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	490	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	315	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	315	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,110	1,020	1,085	2.2	2.1	2.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,785	865	915	1.8	1.8	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	170	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	230	120	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,510	2,885	2,620	5.7	6.0	5.3
Albanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	490	255	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	490	250	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	255	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,415	2,350	2,070	4.5	4.9	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	4,265	2,275	1,985	4.4	4.7	4.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	1,310	710	600	1.3	1.5	1.2
Hindi	395	230	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,455	775	680	1.5	1.6	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	705	360	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,005	510	495	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	880	440	440	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	670	350	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,830	1,950	1,885	3.9	4.1	3.8
English and French	145	75	75	0.1	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,545	1,810	1,740	3.6	3.8	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	97,455	47,900	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,110	41,715	43,390	87.3	87.1	87.6
English	4,470	2,260	2,210	4.6	4.7	4.5
French	840	390	445	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	4,860	2,395	2,460	5.0	5.0	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,755	2,355	2,395	4.9	4.9	4.8
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,240	665	575	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	715	365	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	97,515	47,965	49,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	96,570	47,535	49,035	99.0	99.1	99.0
English	96,495	47,500	48,995	99.0	99.0	98.9
French	6,430	2,970	3,465	6.6	6.2	7.0
Non-official languages	22,865	11,535	11,330	23.4	24.0	22.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	250	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,630	11,420	11,210	23.2	23.8	22.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,305	640	665	1.3	1.3	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	255	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bilen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,055	545	510	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	740	400	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	560	275	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	535	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,705	2,235	2,480	4.8	4.7	5.0
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	560	270	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,560	2,155	2,410	4.7	4.5	4.9
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	815	440	375	0.8	0.9	0.8
Kannada	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	480	260	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tamil	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,050	6,280	5,775	12.4	13.1	11.7
Albanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,475	710	765	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,460	700	765	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	720	350	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	735	355	385	0.8	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	940	475	465	1.0	1.0	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	650	340	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	650	340	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	485	255	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	7,690	4,115	3,575	7.9	8.6	7.2
Indo-Aryan languages	7,505	4,000	3,510	7.7	8.3	7.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	615	320	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	2,065	1,120	945	2.1	2.3	1.9
Hindi	3,830	2,050	1,780	3.9	4.3	3.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,760	1,445	1,310	2.8	3.0	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,455	755	700	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	260	160	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	175	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,620	815	810	1.7	1.7	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	270	115	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,210	610	595	1.2	1.3	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	330	170	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,160	610	550	1.2	1.3	1.1
Akan (Twi)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	230	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	460	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,690	815	870	1.7	1.7	1.8
Chinese languages	1,440	700	740	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,080	525	555	1.1	1.1	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	450	205	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,510	47,970	49,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,350	3,900	4,445	8.6	8.1	9.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,120	3,780	4,340	8.3	7.9	8.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,260	2,010	2,255	4.4	4.2	4.6
Métis	3,775	1,745	2,025	3.9	3.6	4.1
Inuk (Inuit)	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	89,160	44,065	45,095	91.4	91.9	91.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,510	47,970	49,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,780	1,790	1,990	3.9	3.7	4.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	93,730	46,175	47,550	96.1	96.3	96.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,140	...	...	70.8	...	...
Renter	11,635	...	...	29.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,930	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not condominium	33,840	...	...	85.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,085	...	...	10.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,765	...	...	24.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,510	...	...	34.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,265	...	...	30.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,730	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,685	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	5,405	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,570	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,380	...	...	31.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,460	...	...	96.7	...	...
More than one person per room	1,310	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,455	...	...	94.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,315	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,870	...	...	17.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,965	...	...	35.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,500	...	...	11.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,195	...	...	5.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,590	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,580	...	...	6.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,935	...	...	12.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,135	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,360	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,415	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,100	...	...	48.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,030	...	...	47.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,640	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,530	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,860	...	...	17.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,655	...	...	21.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,620	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,010	...	...	17.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,310	...	...	13.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,635	...	...	6.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,160	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,375	...	...	81.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,210	...	...	18.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,570	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,975	...	...	27.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,385	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,820	...	...	4.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,845	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,795	...	...	72.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,140	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not in core need	35,800	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.8	...	...	64.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,526	...	...	1,526	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	372,000	...	...	372,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.2	...	...	36.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.5	...	...	20.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	97,510	47,970	49,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,590	1,660	1,930	3.7	3.5	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,420	1,575	1,840	3.5	3.3	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,565	1,210	1,355	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis single ancestry	820	360	455	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,270	2,555	2,710	5.4	5.3	5.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,985	2,425	2,560	5.1	5.1	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,535	1,255	1,280	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,425	1,165	1,260	2.5	2.4	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	88,655	43,755	44,905	90.9	91.2	90.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	97,510	47,965	49,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,075	42,090	43,985	88.3	87.8	88.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,215	10,365	9,855	20.7	21.6	19.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,860	31,725	34,135	67.5	66.1	68.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,435	5,875	5,560	11.7	12.2	11.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	97,510	47,965	49,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,450	37,250	39,200	78.4	77.7	79.1
Immigrants⁸¹	18,400	9,195	9,200	18.9	19.2	18.6
Before 1980	1,580	755	825	1.6	1.6	1.7
1980 to 1990	660	350	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
1991 to 2000	1,215	575	635	1.2	1.2	1.3
2001 to 2010	3,865	1,880	1,985	4.0	3.9	4.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,080	5,630	5,445	11.4	11.7	11.0
2011 to 2015	4,935	2,540	2,395	5.1	5.3	4.8
2016 to 2021	6,140	3,090	3,055	6.3	6.4	6.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,660	1,520	1,140	2.7	3.2	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	18,400	9,195	9,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,715	950	765	9.3	10.3	8.3
5 to 14 years	3,125	1,710	1,420	17.0	18.6	15.4
15 to 24 years	2,865	1,310	1,550	15.6	14.2	16.8
25 to 44 years	9,215	4,490	4,730	50.1	48.8	51.4
45 years and over	1,470	740	735	8.0	8.0	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	18,400	9,195	9,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,415	670	745	7.7	7.3	8.1
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	320	155	165	1.7	1.7	1.8
Mexico	110	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Peru	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
United States of America	510	200	310	2.8	2.2	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	190	120	65	1.0	1.3	0.7
Europe	2,445	1,250	1,200	13.3	13.6	13.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	135	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Greece	195	115	80	1.1	1.3	0.9
Hungary	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	120	50	70	0.7	0.5	0.8
Netherlands	95	65	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Poland	65	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	80	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Russian Federation	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	435	220	215	2.4	2.4	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	645	345	300	3.5	3.8	3.3
Other places of birth in Europe	365	190	170	2.0	2.1	1.8
Africa	2,235	1,170	1,065	12.1	12.7	11.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Egypt	155	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Eritrea	110	65	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ethiopia	95	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.8
Morocco	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	880	460	420	4.8	5.0	4.6
Somalia	120	50	65	0.7	0.5	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	115	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	675	385	295	3.7	4.2	3.2
Asia	12,250	6,080	6,175	66.6	66.1	67.1
Afghanistan	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	65	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	145	65	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	750	320	430	4.1	3.5	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	105	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	185	90	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	4,560	2,180	2,385	24.8	23.7	25.9
Viet Nam	340	150	190	1.8	1.6	2.1
Bangladesh	370	190	185	2.0	2.1	2.0
India	3,875	2,010	1,860	21.1	21.9	20.2
Pakistan	935	495	440	5.1	5.4	4.8
Sri Lanka	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	715	370	345	3.9	4.0	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,145	3,090	3,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	295	150	150	4.8	4.9	4.9
Brazil	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3
Colombia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	45	30	1.3	1.5	1.0
Mexico	45	10	30	0.7	0.3	1.0
United States of America	110	50	60	1.8	1.6	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Europe	320	180	135	5.2	5.8	4.4
France	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	70	30	40	1.1	1.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	50	25	1.2	1.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	125	80	40	2.0	2.6	1.3
Africa	840	460	375	13.7	14.9	12.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	95	50	40	1.5	1.6	1.3
Eritrea	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Ethiopia	35	10	30	0.6	0.3	1.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	495	280	220	8.1	9.1	7.2
Somalia	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	60	50	1.7	1.9	1.6
Asia	4,675	2,300	2,380	76.1	74.4	78.0
Afghanistan	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bangladesh	180	95	85	2.9	3.1	2.8
China⁹⁰	330	150	185	5.4	4.9	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
India	2,195	1,125	1,065	35.7	36.4	34.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jordan	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	375	200	180	6.1	6.5	5.9
Philippines	1,025	480	550	16.7	15.5	18.0
Saudi Arabia	35	20	15	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	135	60	75	2.2	1.9	2.5
Turkey	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Arab Emirates	45	10	35	0.7	0.3	1.1
Viet Nam	90	35	55	1.5	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	100	45	50	1.6	1.5	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	97,515	47,965	49,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	21,615	10,970	10,650	22.2	22.9	21.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,685	6,075	6,605	13.0	12.7	13.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,210	30,920	32,290	64.8	64.5	65.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,820	8,445	8,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,125	6,250	5,875	72.1	74.0	70.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,065	3,135	1,930	30.1	37.1	23.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,065	3,115	3,945	42.0	36.9	47.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,205	1,410	1,790	19.1	16.7	21.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,465	765	700	8.7	9.1	8.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,820	8,445	8,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	145	80	70	0.9	0.9	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,990	1,030	960	11.8	12.2	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	510	285	220	3.0	3.4	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,650	1,020	630	9.8	12.1	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,440	5,980	6,460	74.0	70.8	77.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	97,510	47,970	49,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,460	11,925	11,540	24.1	24.9	23.3
South Asian	8,810	4,675	4,135	9.0	9.7	8.3
Chinese	1,740	835	900	1.8	1.7	1.8
Black	3,785	1,945	1,840	3.9	4.1	3.7
Filipino	5,650	2,700	2,950	5.8	5.6	6.0
Arab	540	300	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	595	310	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	1,115	565	545	1.1	1.2	1.1
West Asian	255	155	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	310	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	475	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	74,050	36,045	38,005	75.9	75.1	76.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	97,515	47,965	49,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,340	4,280	4,065	8.6	8.9	8.2
English	19,515	9,535	9,980	20.0	19.9	20.1
Irish	14,045	6,730	7,320	14.4	14.0	14.8
Scottish	16,075	7,690	8,380	16.5	16.0	16.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,920	4,225	4,690	9.1	8.8	9.5
German	25,705	12,385	13,320	26.4	25.8	26.9
Chinese	1,975	940	1,035	2.0	2.0	2.1
Italian	1,430	725	705	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indian (India)	4,785	2,550	2,235	4.9	5.3	4.5
Ukrainian	11,910	5,785	6,130	12.2	12.1	12.4
Dutch	2,365	1,115	1,255	2.4	2.3	2.5
Polish	5,455	2,590	2,865	5.6	5.4	5.8
Québécois	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,560	1,235	1,325	2.6	2.6	2.7
Filipino	5,180	2,480	2,700	5.3	5.2	5.4
French Canadian	435	245	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,275	645	630	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,610	1,265	1,345	2.7	2.6	2.7
Métis	3,675	1,725	1,950	3.8	3.6	3.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	885	440	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	2,720	1,295	1,425	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norwegian	4,605	2,150	2,460	4.7	4.5	5.0
Welsh	1,825	875	950	1.9	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	980	480	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	715	300	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	2,475	1,120	1,360	2.5	2.3	2.7
Hungarian	3,695	1,810	1,885	3.8	3.8	3.8
Acadian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,050	560	500	1.1	1.2	1.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	750	405	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	275	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	965	520	450	1.0	1.1	0.9
Vietnamese	535	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	235	130	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	750	390	360	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jamaican	485	215	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	790	370	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,295	615	675	1.3	1.3	1.4
Korean	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	2,365	1,190	1,175	2.4	2.5	2.4
Lebanese	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	185	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Danish	1,025	485	540	1.1	1.0	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	685	315	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	575	335	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Austrian	2,550	1,230	1,320	2.6	2.6	2.7
Belgian	785	400	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	700	360	340	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mexican	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	375	210	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swiss	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	340	135	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	620	360	260	0.6	0.8	0.5
Muslim	245	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	580	250	330	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	490	230	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	435	250	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	475	245	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	225	145	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	250	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	160	115	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	445	240	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	340	175	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cameroonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	255	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Byelorussian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	605	290	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	97,510	47,970	49,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	595	285	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	52,995	24,615	28,385	54.3	51.3	57.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,190	3,500	3,690	7.4	7.3	7.4
Anabaptist	235	120	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	2,155	920	1,230	2.2	1.9	2.5
Baptist	1,115	535	580	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catholic	25,045	11,830	13,210	25.7	24.7	26.7
Christian Orthodox	1,820	890	930	1.9	1.9	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	4,815	2,130	2,685	4.9	4.4	5.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,210	575	640	1.2	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	420	185	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	6,130	2,655	3,480	6.3	5.5	7.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,075	915	1,165	2.1	1.9	2.4
Hindu	3,375	1,820	1,555	3.5	3.8	3.1
Jewish	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,460	1,775	1,680	3.5	3.7	3.4
Sikh	2,185	1,130	1,055	2.2	2.4	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	255	85	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610	265	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	33,925	17,925	15,995	34.8	37.4	32.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	96,420	47,440	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,150	40,910	42,245	86.2	86.2	86.2
Movers	13,270	6,530	6,735	13.8	13.8	13.8
Non-migrants	10,020	4,920	5,100	10.4	10.4	10.4
Migrants	3,250	1,610	1,635	3.4	3.4	3.3
Internal migrants	2,095	980	1,110	2.2	2.1	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,180	520	655	1.2	1.1	1.3
Interprovincial migrants	920	465	455	1.0	1.0	0.9
External migrants	1,150	630	525	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	91,590	44,995	46,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,245	27,170	28,075	60.3	60.4	60.2
Movers	36,345	17,825	18,520	39.7	39.6	39.7
Non-migrants	22,085	10,765	11,320	24.1	23.9	24.3
Migrants	14,260	7,060	7,200	15.6	15.7	15.5
Internal migrants	7,910	3,820	4,090	8.6	8.5	8.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,110	2,470	2,635	5.6	5.5	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,805	1,355	1,455	3.1	3.0	3.1
External migrants	6,350	3,240	3,115	6.9	7.2	6.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,660	38,285	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,065	5,485	4,575	12.8	14.3	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,600	32,795	35,800	87.2	85.7	88.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,215	26,095	27,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,580	2,165	1,425	6.7	8.3	5.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,630	23,930	25,700	93.3	91.7	94.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,665	38,285	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,090	4,810	4,280	11.6	12.6	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,925	11,925	12,000	30.4	31.1	29.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,645	21,550	24,095	58.0	56.3	59.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,020	10,965	11,055	28.0	28.6	27.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,725	4,950	1,775	8.5	12.9	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,665	1,470	1,195	3.4	3.8	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,060	3,485	580	5.2	9.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,900	4,710	7,190	15.1	12.3	17.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,400	1,310	2,090	4.3	3.4	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,625	10,585	13,040	30.0	27.6	32.3
Bachelor's degree	16,625	7,245	9,380	21.1	18.9	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	525	600	1.4	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	535	260	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	4,790	2,230	2,565	6.1	5.8	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	330	220	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,215	26,090	27,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,065	1,800	1,265	5.8	6.9	4.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,060	7,275	6,790	26.4	27.9	25.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,085	17,020	19,065	67.8	65.2	70.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,400	8,360	8,035	30.8	32.0	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,180	3,850	1,330	9.7	14.8	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,045	1,170	880	3.8	4.5	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,135	2,685	455	5.9	10.3	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,940	3,635	5,310	16.8	13.9	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,275	875	1,405	4.3	3.4	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,685	8,660	11,025	37.0	33.2	40.7
Bachelor's degree	13,695	5,895	7,805	25.7	22.6	28.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	415	500	1.7	1.6	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	205	255	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	4,205	1,915	2,290	7.9	7.3	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	415	235	175	0.8	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,660	38,285	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,020	16,735	16,285	42.0	43.7	40.3
Education	3,675	895	2,785	4.7	2.3	6.9
13. Education	3,675	895	2,785	4.7	2.3	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,135	480	650	1.4	1.3	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	995	385	610	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	2,060	790	1,270	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	480	140	340	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	605	185	415	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	160	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	290	155	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,210	1,565	2,650	5.4	4.1	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	195	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	570	65	505	0.7	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	640	285	360	0.8	0.7	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	925	260	670	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,440	710	730	1.8	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	11,455	4,555	6,900	14.6	11.9	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,075	265	815	1.4	0.7	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,375	4,295	6,080	13.2	11.2	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,480	725	755	1.9	1.9	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	575	255	330	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	480	310	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,380	1,550	835	3.0	4.0	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,030	1,410	615	2.6	3.7	1.5
25. Library science	110	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,870	8,125	755	11.3	21.2	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	190	135	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	2,285	1,865	415	2.9	4.9	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,755	1,565	190	2.2	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,450	2,395	55	3.1	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,325	1,325	0	1.7	3.5	0.0
48. Precision production	865	835	35	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	440	285	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	290	220	0.6	0.8	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	150	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	7,435	1,480	5,955	9.5	3.9	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545	275	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,720	1,125	5,600	8.5	2.9	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,210	945	1,260	2.8	2.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,305	275	1,030	1.7	0.7	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	610	395	220	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	280	10	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,215	26,090	27,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,130	9,075	8,055	32.2	34.8	29.7
Education	2,605	600	2,010	4.9	2.3	7.4
13. Education	2,605	600	2,010	4.9	2.3	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	895	385	510	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	800	320	480	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	1,535	580	960	2.9	2.2	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	365	115	255	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	485	145	340	0.9	0.6	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	215	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,460	1,245	2,220	6.5	4.8	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	180	205	0.7	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	60	400	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	545	215	325	1.0	0.8	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	700	160	540	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,235	585	650	2.3	2.2	2.4
Business, management and public administration	9,320	3,655	5,670	17.5	14.0	20.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	880	200	680	1.7	0.8	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,440	3,455	4,985	15.9	13.2	18.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,185	565	620	2.2	2.2	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	190	285	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	85	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	395	255	140	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,995	1,290	700	3.7	4.9	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,750	1,210	540	3.3	4.6	2.0
25. Library science	85	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,030	6,380	655	13.2	24.5	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	145	90	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,940	1,565	370	3.6	6.0	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,395	1,235	160	2.6	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,830	1,790	40	3.4	6.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,070	1,070	0	2.0	4.1	0.0
48. Precision production	660	630	30	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	590	335	255	1.1	1.3	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	210	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	120	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	5,635	1,215	4,420	10.6	4.7	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	235	165	0.8	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,100	930	4,175	9.6	3.6	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,830	775	1,060	3.4	3.0	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,100	235	860	2.1	0.9	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	475	290	185	0.9	1.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	245	10	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,215	26,090	27,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,130	9,075	8,055	32.2	34.8	29.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,085	17,015	19,065	67.8	65.2	70.3
Location of study inside Canada	28,175	13,175	15,000	52.9	50.5	55.3
Same as province or territory of residence	23,160	10,650	12,505	43.5	40.8	46.1
Different than province or territory of residence	5,010	2,520	2,490	9.4	9.7	9.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,910	3,845	4,070	14.9	14.7	15.0
Americas	820	390	430	1.5	1.5	1.6
United States of America	595	305	295	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Brazil	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	810	460	350	1.5	1.8	1.3
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	210	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	225	150	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	525	250	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	310	135	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	5,675	2,690	2,985	10.7	10.3	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	290	125	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	2,120	945	1,175	4.0	3.6	4.3
Viet Nam	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	165	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	2,280	1,125	1,155	4.3	4.3	4.3
Pakistan	370	185	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other locations of study in Asia	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oceania	85	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	85	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	78,665	38,285	40,380	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,730	28,045	26,690	...	...	...
Employed	49,970	25,410	24,560	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,765	2,630	2,130	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,925	10,240	13,690	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.6	73.3	66.1	69.6	73.3	66.1
Employment rate	63.5	66.4	60.8	63.5	66.4	60.8
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.4	8.0	8.7	9.4	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	78,660	38,285	40,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,215	10,760	13,455	30.8	28.1	33.3
Worked	54,450	27,525	26,925	69.2	71.9	66.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,915	16,895	15,020	40.6	44.1	37.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,530	10,630	11,900	28.6	27.8	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.2	42.1	42.7	43.2	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,735	28,040	26,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,230	700	530	2.2	2.5	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,500	27,345	26,160	97.7	97.5	98.0
Employee	47,900	24,040	23,855	87.5	85.7	89.4
Permanent position	40,330	20,565	19,760	73.7	73.3	74.0
Temporary position	7,565	3,480	4,090	13.8	12.4	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,340	920	1,420	4.3	3.3	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,230	2,560	2,670	9.6	9.1	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,610	3,305	2,300	10.2	11.8	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,735	28,040	26,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,230	700	530	2.2	2.5	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,500	27,345	26,160	97.7	97.5	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	560	385	180	1.0	1.4	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,400	3,255	7,150	19.0	11.6	26.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,265	3,275	990	7.8	11.7	3.7
3 Health occupations	5,245	1,030	4,210	9.6	3.7	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,560	2,650	4,910	13.8	9.5	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,320	570	750	2.4	2.0	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	13,185	6,240	6,945	24.1	22.3	26.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,745	8,075	675	16.0	28.8	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	850	655	195	1.6	2.3	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,370	1,215	150	2.5	4.3	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,735	28,040	26,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,230	700	530	2.2	2.5	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	53,500	27,345	26,160	97.7	97.5	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	550	395	150	1.0	1.4	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	520	430	100	1.0	1.5	0.4
22 Utilities	915	575	340	1.7	2.1	1.3
23 Construction	3,830	3,385	440	7.0	12.1	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,340	2,005	340	4.3	7.2	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,975	1,565	410	3.6	5.6	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,155	3,265	2,890	11.2	11.6	10.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,135	1,735	400	3.9	6.2	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,400	785	610	2.6	2.8	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,350	1,265	2,085	6.1	4.5	7.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	950	515	435	1.7	1.8	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,100	1,795	1,305	5.7	6.4	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,770	1,005	765	3.2	3.6	2.9
61 Educational services	3,940	1,300	2,635	7.2	4.6	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,375	1,585	6,790	15.3	5.7	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,010	510	495	1.8	1.8	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,825	1,400	1,420	5.2	5.0	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,505	1,190	1,320	4.6	4.2	4.9
91 Public administration	5,775	2,615	3,160	10.6	9.3	11.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,810	29,305	28,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,740	28,370	27,375	96.4	96.8	96.1
French	190	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	595	190	405	1.0	0.6	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,065	570	500	1.8	1.9	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,810	29,305	28,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,490	29,145	28,345	99.4	99.5	99.5
Official languages	57,195	28,995	28,200	98.9	98.9	98.9
English	56,830	28,885	27,950	98.3	98.6	98.1
French	365	110	250	0.6	0.4	0.9
Non-official languages	295	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	295	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	320	165	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	260	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,810	29,305	28,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,365	28,650	27,715	97.5	97.8	97.2
English	275	95	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
French	375	130	245	0.6	0.4	0.9
Non-official language	610	345	270	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	600	340	260	1.0	1.2	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	70	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,970	25,410	24,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,725	4,700	6,025	21.5	18.5	24.5
Worked outside Canada	110	90	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,405	4,190	1,215	10.8	16.5	4.9
Usual place of work	33,730	16,430	17,300	67.5	64.7	70.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,735	16,435	17,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,870	14,415	16,455	91.5	87.7	95.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,165	1,590	575	6.4	9.7	3.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	515	305	210	1.5	1.9	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	180	125	55	0.5	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,135	20,625	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,610	19,235	16,375	91.0	93.3	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,115	18,535	14,580	84.6	89.9	78.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,495	700	1,795	6.4	3.4	9.7
Public transit	1,380	500	880	3.5	2.4	4.8
Walked	1,220	445	775	3.1	2.2	4.2
Bicycle	210	135	70	0.5	0.7	0.4
Other method	715	305	415	1.8	1.5	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,135	20,625	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,555	6,895	7,665	37.2	33.4	41.4
15 to 29 minutes	20,375	11,205	9,170	52.1	54.3	49.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,570	1,530	1,040	6.6	7.4	5.6
45 to 59 minutes	860	510	350	2.2	2.5	1.9
60 minutes and over	775	480	290	2.0	2.3	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,135	20,625	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,825	1,350	470	4.7	6.5	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,700	4,090	2,610	17.1	19.8	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,985	6,695	6,300	33.2	32.5	34.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,575	3,490	4,085	19.4	16.9	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,060	1,735	2,325	10.4	8.4	12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,995	3,255	2,740	15.3	15.8	14.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,410	11,525	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,740	910	830	7.8	7.9	7.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,670	10,610	10,055	92.2	92.1	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,030	8,315	7,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,360	730	625	8.5	8.8	8.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	960	495	470	6.0	6.0	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	240	155	2.5	2.9	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,665	7,585	7,085	91.5	91.2	91.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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