Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mississauga--StreetsvilleMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	116,864	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	118,301	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.2	...	...	- 1.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,391	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,491	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,511.6	...	...	2,511.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	46.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,865	57,650	59,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,745	9,635	9,110	16.0	16.7	15.4
0 to 4 years	5,005	2,600	2,405	4.3	4.5	4.1
5 to 9 years	6,410	3,265	3,145	5.5	5.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	7,330	3,765	3,560	6.3	6.5	6.0
15 to 64 years	81,475	40,320	41,155	69.7	69.9	69.5
15 to 19 years	8,245	4,365	3,880	7.1	7.6	6.6
20 to 24 years	8,295	4,310	3,985	7.1	7.5	6.7
25 to 29 years	7,580	4,030	3,550	6.5	7.0	6.0
30 to 34 years	6,825	3,405	3,420	5.8	5.9	5.8
35 to 39 years	7,305	3,520	3,780	6.3	6.1	6.4
40 to 44 years	7,710	3,555	4,155	6.6	6.2	7.0
45 to 49 years	8,255	3,880	4,380	7.1	6.7	7.4
50 to 54 years	9,255	4,415	4,840	7.9	7.7	8.2
55 to 59 years	9,830	4,765	5,060	8.4	8.3	8.5
60 to 64 years	8,180	4,070	4,110	7.0	7.1	6.9
65 years and over	16,645	7,695	8,945	14.2	13.3	15.1
65 to 69 years	5,760	2,830	2,935	4.9	4.9	5.0
70 to 74 years	4,495	2,155	2,345	3.8	3.7	4.0
75 to 79 years	2,885	1,330	1,555	2.5	2.3	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,795	765	1,030	1.5	1.3	1.7
85 years and over	1,705	620	1,090	1.5	1.1	1.8
85 to 89 years	1,050	415	640	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	505	180	330	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	125	20	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.7	15.4	16.0	16.7	15.4
15 to 64 years	69.7	69.9	69.5	69.7	69.9	69.5
65 years and over	14.2	13.3	15.1	14.2	13.3	15.1
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.8	1.5	1.1	1.8
Average age of the population	40.3	39.3	41.2	40.3	39.3	41.2
Median age of the population	40.8	39.2	42.4	40.8	39.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,840	...	...	51.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,215	...	...	17.0	...	...
Row house	5,890	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,025	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,820	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,685	...	...	7.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,745	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 persons	9,105	...	...	24.9	...	...
3 persons	7,610	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	8,870	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 or more persons	6,155	...	...	16.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,110	57,435	58,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,120	48,015	50,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,070	29,020	29,050	59.2	60.4	58.0
Married	54,030	27,015	27,015	55.1	56.3	53.9
Living common-law	4,040	2,010	2,030	4.1	4.2	4.1
Living common law - Never married	2,640	1,315	1,330	2.7	2.7	2.7
Living common law - Separated	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,085	530	555	1.1	1.1	1.1
Living common law - Widowed	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	40,050	18,995	21,055	40.8	39.6	42.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,890	16,125	13,765	30.5	33.6	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,800	690	1,115	1.8	1.4	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,120	1,370	2,750	4.2	2.9	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,240	815	3,430	4.3	1.7	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,740	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	8,485	...	...	25.6	...	...
4 persons	9,265	...	...	28.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,650	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,340	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	26,320	...	...	79.4	...	...
With children⁶	18,530	...	...	55.9	...	...
Without children	7,785	...	...	23.5	...	...
Common-law couples	2,020	...	...	6.1	...	...
With children⁶	905	...	...	2.7	...	...
Without children	1,115	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,795	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,835	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	960	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,115	57,440	58,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	105,295	52,730	52,565	90.7	91.8	89.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,680	28,310	28,370	48.8	49.3	48.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,795	955	3,835	4.1	1.7	6.5
Children⁶	43,820	23,460	20,360	37.7	40.8	34.7
In a two-parent family	36,430	19,365	17,060	31.4	33.7	29.1
In a one-parent family	7,395	4,100	3,295	6.4	7.1	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,820	4,705	6,110	9.3	8.2	10.4
Living alone	4,745	2,035	2,710	4.1	3.5	4.6
Living with other relatives⁷	3,560	1,210	2,355	3.1	2.1	4.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,510	1,460	1,050	2.2	2.5	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,890	...	...	71.0	...	...
Couple-family households	22,680	...	...	62.2	...	...
With children⁶	16,000	...	...	43.8	...	...
Without children	6,675	...	...	18.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,210	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,985	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	545	...	...	1.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,430	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	900	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	4,745	...	...	13.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,370	47,805	49,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,110	45,125	46,985	94.6	94.4	94.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,200	39,200	43,600	49,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,140	45,140	47,005	94.6	94.4	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,600	39,200	43,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,965	41,640	41,325	85.2	87.1	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,000	40,800	47,600	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,665	36,250	34,415	72.6	75.8	69.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,400	39,600	44,800	50,400	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,160	39,815	42,345	84.4	83.3	85.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,240	4,480	7,950	6,240	4,480	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,425	3,455	4,960	8.7	7.2	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,170	14,410	14,765	30.0	30.1	29.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,400	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,015	45,145	46,870	94.5	94.2	94.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,000	65,000	49,240	57,000	65,000	49,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,065	45,170	46,895	94.5	94.3	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	52,050	41,800	46,800	52,050	41,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,910	41,840	41,070	85.1	87.3	83.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	62,550	45,680	54,200	62,550	45,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,610	36,355	34,255	72.5	75.9	69.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,900	63,750	47,600	55,900	63,750	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,030	39,825	42,205	84.2	83.1	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	8,010	10,250	9,170	8,010	10,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,180	3,475	4,705	8.4	7.3	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,310	5,645	6,800	6,310	5,645	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,150	14,470	14,680	29.9	30.2	29.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,310	9,190	9,420	9,310	9,190	9,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,400	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,840	20,495	16,340	37.8	42.8	33.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	77,500	65,500	71,000	77,500	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,400	91,100	73,800	83,400	91,100	73,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,305	11,735	13,570	26.0	24.5	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	18,800	16,200	17,400	18,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,360	31,720	25,460	28,360	31,720	25,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.6	89.2	81.2	85.6	89.2	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.2	79.0	70.6	75.2	79.0	70.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.3	10.9	18.8	14.3	10.9	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.9	6.9	5.7	4.9	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.5	6.0	5.2	4.5	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,370	47,805	49,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,265	2,680	2,580	5.4	5.6	5.2
With total income	92,110	45,125	46,985	94.6	94.4	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,455	4,040	5,415	10.3	9.0	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,585	4,795	5,795	11.5	10.6	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,960	5,730	7,225	14.1	12.7	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,890	4,445	5,445	10.7	9.9	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,640	3,915	4,730	9.4	8.7	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,835	3,625	4,205	8.5	8.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,580	3,170	3,415	7.1	7.0	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,155	2,630	2,525	5.6	5.8	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,190	2,345	1,850	4.5	5.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,535	2,040	1,495	3.8	4.5	3.2
$100,000 and over	13,285	8,400	4,885	14.4	18.6	10.4
$100,000 to $149,999	9,195	5,480	3,715	10.0	12.1	7.9
$150,000 and over	4,090	2,920	1,175	4.4	6.5	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,370	47,805	49,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,230	2,665	2,565	5.4	5.6	5.2
With after-tax income	92,140	45,135	47,000	94.6	94.4	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,740	4,150	5,590	10.6	9.2	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,050	5,035	6,020	12.0	11.2	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,480	6,410	8,070	15.7	14.2	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,730	5,335	6,400	12.7	11.8	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,525	4,915	5,605	11.4	10.9	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,990	4,290	4,695	9.8	9.5	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,640	3,465	3,175	7.2	7.7	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,110	2,875	2,230	5.5	6.4	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,530	2,470	2,060	4.9	5.5	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,930	1,755	1,180	3.2	3.9	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,415	4,440	1,975	7.0	9.8	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,450	2,315	1,135	3.7	5.1	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,965	2,120	845	3.2	4.7	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,370	47,805	49,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,705	11,555	15,155	27.4	24.2	30.6
With employment income	70,670	36,255	34,415	72.6	75.8	69.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,225	4,415	4,815	13.1	12.2	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,755	2,600	3,160	8.1	7.2	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,300	3,365	3,940	10.3	9.3	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,285	2,485	2,795	7.5	6.9	8.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,120	2,435	2,680	7.2	6.7	7.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,690	2,630	3,060	8.1	7.3	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,685	2,720	2,970	8.0	7.5	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,955	2,460	2,490	7.0	6.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	2,120	1,835	5.6	5.8	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,505	2,000	1,505	5.0	5.5	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,055	1,800	1,255	4.3	5.0	3.6
$100,000 and over	11,125	7,220	3,905	15.7	19.9	11.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,410	3,120	2,290	7.7	8.6	6.7
$125,000 and over	5,720	4,105	1,615	8.1	11.3	4.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,370	47,805	49,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,755	43,875	45,880	92.2	91.8	92.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,000	36,800	42,000	48,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,785	43,880	45,905	92.2	91.8	92.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	33,600	37,600	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,755	40,970	40,790	84.0	85.7	82.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,400	36,400	42,000	48,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,795	36,270	34,525	72.7	75.9	69.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,400	40,000	44,800	50,400	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,625	37,135	39,495	78.7	77.7	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,090	695	2,480	1,090	695	2,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,965	1,860	3,105	5.1	3.9	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,280	6,080	5,840	5,280	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,400	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,665	43,885	45,785	92.1	91.6	92.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,600	62,500	47,080	54,600	62,500	47,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,685	43,885	45,805	92.1	91.6	92.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	50,160	39,520	44,720	50,160	39,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,675	41,095	40,580	83.9	85.8	82.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	62,900	46,680	54,850	62,900	46,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,660	36,245	34,410	72.5	75.7	69.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,800	63,150	48,080	55,800	63,150	48,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,650	37,295	39,355	78.7	77.9	79.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,475	4,256	6,630	5,475	4,256	6,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,930	1,785	3,145	5.1	3.7	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	6,680	8,590	7,900	6,680	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,400	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,460	20,270	16,190	37.4	42.3	32.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	73,500	60,800	67,000	73,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,800	85,900	69,900	78,800	85,900	69,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,750	10,925	12,825	24.4	22.8	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	25,200	22,600	24,000	25,200	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	39,360	31,520	35,120	39,360	31,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.2	87.8	91.4	94.2	87.8
Employment income (%)	80.6	83.4	76.8	80.6	83.4	76.8
Government transfers (%)	8.6	5.8	12.1	8.6	5.8	12.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3	0.8	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...	118,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,650	...	...	63,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,800	...	...	155,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	575	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	530	...	...	1.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	530	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	630	...	...	1.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	645	...	...	1.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	725	...	...	2.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,590	...	...	4.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,795	...	...	4.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,850	...	...	5.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,880	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,215	...	...	63.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,865	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,370	...	...	12.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,565	...	...	18.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,420	...	...	20.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	275	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	620	...	...	1.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	590	...	...	1.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	590	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	745	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	785	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	910	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,040	...	...	5.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,145	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,410	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,180	...	...	55.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,795	...	...	15.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,680	...	...	12.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,705	...	...	26.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,255	3,495	3,760	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	48,000	44,400	46,000	48,000	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	42,400	40,000	41,200	42,400	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...	154,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,400	...	...	127,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	127,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...	103,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,600	...	...	173,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,265	3,660	3,615	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,300	56,100	56,450	56,300	56,100	56,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,480	41,600	47,400	44,480	41,600	47,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,110	57,435	58,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,595	12,230	11,365	20.3	21.3	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,240	3,225	3,010	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	76,575	37,695	38,875	66.0	65.6	66.3
65 years and over	15,940	7,505	8,435	13.7	13.1	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,570	3,140	3,430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,685	890	790	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	445	220	220	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,605	1,730	1,880	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,280	515	765	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.7	5.5	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.3	7.0	7.1	7.3	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	6.9	7.4	7.1	6.9	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
65 years and over (%)	8.0	6.9	9.1	8.0	6.9	9.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,115	57,435	58,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,595	12,235	11,365	20.3	21.3	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,235	3,225	3,010	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	76,575	37,695	38,880	65.9	65.6	66.3
65 years and over	15,945	7,510	8,435	13.7	13.1	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,925	2,020	1,905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	875	455	415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	230	110	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,620	1,365	1,250	...	...	...
65 years and over	440	195	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	3.5	4.0	3.7	3.5	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
65 years and over (%)	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,110	57,435	58,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,635	19,415	20,215	34.1	33.8	34.5
In bottom decile	5,915	2,940	2,975	5.1	5.1	5.1
In second decile	6,575	3,130	3,445	5.7	5.4	5.9
In third decile	7,905	3,825	4,080	6.8	6.7	7.0
In fourth decile	8,905	4,440	4,465	7.7	7.7	7.6
In fifth decile	10,335	5,085	5,250	8.9	8.9	8.9
In top half of the distribution	76,480	38,015	38,460	65.9	66.2	65.5
In sixth decile	11,725	5,750	5,970	10.1	10.0	10.2
In seventh decile	13,450	6,670	6,785	11.6	11.6	11.6
In eighth decile	15,060	7,535	7,530	13.0	13.1	12.8
In ninth decile	18,275	9,020	9,255	15.7	15.7	15.8
In top decile	17,965	9,045	8,920	15.5	15.7	15.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,115	...	...	116,115	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.301	...	...	0.301	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.386	...	...	0.386	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	116,445	57,535	58,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,580	52,595	51,985	89.8	91.4	88.2
French only	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	9,170	3,965	5,200	7.9	6.9	8.8
Neither English nor French	2,585	925	1,660	2.2	1.6	2.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	116,445	57,535	58,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,280	55,405	55,880	95.6	96.3	94.8
French	1,535	730	810	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	1,100	505	590	0.9	0.9	1.0
Neither English nor French	2,530	895	1,635	2.2	1.6	2.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	116,445	57,535	58,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,860	52,815	54,045	91.8	91.8	91.7
Official languages	61,510	30,945	30,565	52.8	53.8	51.9
English	60,215	30,325	29,890	51.7	52.7	50.7
French	1,300	620	675	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official languages	45,345	21,865	23,485	38.9	38.0	39.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45,345	21,865	23,480	38.9	38.0	39.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,015	2,520	2,495	4.3	4.4	4.2
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,915	2,465	2,445	4.2	4.3	4.2
Amharic	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	4,470	2,260	2,210	3.8	3.9	3.8
Aramaic languages	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,150	510	635	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,145	510	635	1.0	0.9	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,280	1,390	1,890	2.8	2.4	3.2
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,755	1,165	1,590	2.4	2.0	2.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,625	1,335	1,290	2.3	2.3	2.2
Kannada	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	570	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	1,490	755	735	1.3	1.3	1.2
Telugu	375	215	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tulu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	26,595	13,015	13,580	22.8	22.6	23.1
Albanian	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	4,775	2,250	2,530	4.1	3.9	4.3
Baltic languages	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,730	2,230	2,495	4.1	3.9	4.2
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	2,535	1,195	1,340	2.2	2.1	2.3
Russian	605	270	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	915	450	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	605	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbian	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	515	215	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	345	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	345	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,800	6,955	6,840	11.9	12.1	11.6
Indo-Aryan languages	12,850	6,475	6,375	11.0	11.3	10.8
Assamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	570	275	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	1,020	495	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hindi	1,860	935	925	1.6	1.6	1.6
Kacchi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,475	1,260	1,215	2.1	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	5,935	3,005	2,925	5.1	5.2	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	950	480	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	800	405	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	380	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,940	3,310	3,630	6.0	5.8	6.2
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,270	640	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portuguese	2,085	990	1,095	1.8	1.7	1.9
Romanian	580	290	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	2,995	1,385	1,605	2.6	2.4	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,275	2,440	2,835	4.5	4.2	4.8
Chinese languages	5,250	2,430	2,825	4.5	4.2	4.8
Hakka	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,910	1,335	1,575	2.5	2.3	2.7
Min Dong	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,120	985	1,130	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,585	4,715	4,865	8.2	8.2	8.3
English and French	530	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	8,055	4,035	4,020	6.9	7.0	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	595	280	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	116,445	57,535	58,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,980	31,570	31,410	54.1	54.9	53.3
French	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	10,835	5,100	5,740	9.3	8.9	9.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,835	5,100	5,740	9.3	8.9	9.7
English and French	1,300	565	740	1.1	1.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	38,355	18,980	19,380	32.9	33.0	32.9
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,500	655	845	1.3	1.1	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	965	420	550	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	116,445	57,535	58,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,530	52,130	53,400	90.6	90.6	90.6
Official languages	80,200	39,895	40,305	68.9	69.3	68.4
English	79,530	39,555	39,970	68.3	68.7	67.8
French	665	340	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	25,330	12,230	13,095	21.8	21.3	22.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,330	12,230	13,095	21.8	21.3	22.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,830	1,365	1,470	2.4	2.4	2.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,780	1,335	1,440	2.4	2.3	2.4
Amharic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,525	1,225	1,300	2.2	2.1	2.2
Aramaic languages	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	705	315	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	705	315	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,595	745	850	1.4	1.3	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,405	660	740	1.2	1.1	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,680	850	830	1.4	1.5	1.4
Kannada	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,025	510	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Telugu	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,120	6,850	7,265	12.1	11.9	12.3
Albanian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,310	1,100	1,215	2.0	1.9	2.1
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,300	1,100	1,200	2.0	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,280	605	670	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	410	190	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,560	4,230	4,325	7.4	7.4	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	8,040	3,980	4,065	6.9	6.9	6.9
Assamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	605	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	990	485	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Kacchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,535	780	760	1.3	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	4,060	2,025	2,040	3.5	3.5	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	515	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	440	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,005	1,405	1,605	2.6	2.4	2.7
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	740	355	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	300	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,780	820	960	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	305	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,680	1,755	1,925	3.2	3.1	3.3
Chinese languages	3,660	1,745	1,920	3.1	3.0	3.3
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,165	1,050	1,115	1.9	1.8	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,405	650	750	1.2	1.1	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,910	5,400	5,510	9.4	9.4	9.4
English and French	310	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10,210	5,080	5,130	8.8	8.8	8.7
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	116,445	57,535	58,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,910	41,165	41,750	71.2	71.5	70.9
English	11,945	5,925	6,015	10.3	10.3	10.2
French	1,225	510	715	1.1	0.9	1.2
Non-official language	15,500	7,545	7,955	13.3	13.1	13.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,500	7,540	7,955	13.3	13.1	13.5
English and French	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,770	895	875	1.5	1.6	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	675	290	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,175	1,090	1,085	1.9	1.9	1.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,450	56,590	56,860	97.7	98.5	97.0
English	113,355	56,545	56,815	97.7	98.4	97.0
French	9,295	4,000	5,295	8.0	7.0	9.0
Non-official languages	63,040	30,655	32,380	54.3	53.3	55.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	63,020	30,645	32,370	54.3	53.3	55.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,750	3,915	3,835	6.7	6.8	6.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	185	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	115	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,620	3,865	3,755	6.6	6.7	6.4
Amharic	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	7,165	3,645	3,515	6.2	6.3	6.0
Aramaic languages	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,365	640	725	1.2	1.1	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,350	630	720	1.2	1.1	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,620	2,005	2,615	4.0	3.5	4.5
Bikol	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	310	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,165	1,810	2,355	3.6	3.1	4.0
Waray-Waray	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	4,540	2,280	2,265	3.9	4.0	3.9
Kannada	490	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Malayalam	1,070	530	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Tamil	2,785	1,395	1,385	2.4	2.4	2.4
Telugu	790	440	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Tulu	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	38,895	19,135	19,760	33.5	33.3	33.7
Albanian	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,745	2,775	2,970	4.9	4.8	5.1
Baltic languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	5,705	2,765	2,940	4.9	4.8	5.0
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	3,020	1,475	1,545	2.6	2.6	2.6
Russian	895	415	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,295	665	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
Bosnian	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatian	960	485	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Serbian	375	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,070	530	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	755	370	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	740	365	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	165	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	460	260	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	21,630	10,810	10,820	18.6	18.8	18.5
Indo-Aryan languages	20,625	10,295	10,330	17.8	17.9	17.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	760	395	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	1,710	860	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hindi	8,775	4,310	4,465	7.6	7.5	7.6
Kacchi	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Konkani	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Marathi	985	480	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Nepali	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,955	2,575	2,380	4.3	4.5	4.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	255	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	395	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Urdu	9,475	4,780	4,695	8.2	8.3	8.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	1,285	660	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	1,000	510	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Dari	415	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	515	270	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,225	4,915	5,310	8.8	8.6	9.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,255	1,135	1,115	1.9	2.0	1.9
Portuguese	3,035	1,430	1,610	2.6	2.5	2.7
Romanian	635	330	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Spanish	4,740	2,240	2,505	4.1	3.9	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	420	190	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	825	440	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Akan (Twi)	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	200	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,325	2,995	3,330	5.4	5.2	5.7
Chinese languages	6,325	2,995	3,330	5.4	5.2	5.7
Hakka	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	4,095	1,910	2,185	3.5	3.3	3.7
Min Dong	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,840	1,345	1,495	2.4	2.3	2.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	285	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	275	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	740	355	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	700	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	400	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Métis	290	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	115,335	57,130	58,210	99.4	99.4	99.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,810	57,355	58,455	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,210	...	...	82.8	...	...
Renter	6,265	...	...	17.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,145	...	...	16.8	...	...
Not condominium	30,325	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,850	...	...	5.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,575	...	...	9.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,350	...	...	42.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,615	...	...	42.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,760	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,455	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	6,415	...	...	17.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,505	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,335	...	...	36.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,140	...	...	96.3	...	...
More than one person per room	1,335	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,630	...	...	92.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,845	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,405	...	...	3.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,905	...	...	24.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,110	...	...	25.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,795	...	...	29.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,485	...	...	12.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,000	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	565	...	...	1.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,955	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,515	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,790	...	...	37.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,655	...	...	53.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,020	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,595	...	...	7.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,350	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,985	...	...	24.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,180	...	...	27.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,340	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,205	...	...	6.0	...	...
85 years and over	610	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,410	...	...	78.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,915	...	...	21.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,255	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,155	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,945	...	...	19.0	...	...
Not suitable only	2,195	...	...	6.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	915	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	490	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	445	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,325	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,415	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not in core need	32,245	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.9	...	...	65.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960	...	...	1,960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,046	...	...	2,046	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	920,000	...	...	920,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,009,000	...	...	1,009,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	35.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,730	...	...	1,730	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,075	57,480	58,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	875	425	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	835	415	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	570	300	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	115,025	56,960	58,065	99.1	99.1	99.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,070	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,255	50,560	51,690	88.1	88.0	88.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,150	10,870	10,290	18.2	18.9	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,105	39,695	41,410	69.9	69.1	70.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,820	6,920	6,900	11.9	12.0	11.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,070	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,940	28,665	28,275	49.1	49.9	48.3
Immigrants⁸¹	56,510	27,350	29,160	48.7	47.6	49.8
Before 1980	8,340	4,060	4,285	7.2	7.1	7.3
1980 to 1990	7,110	3,425	3,685	6.1	6.0	6.3
1991 to 2000	12,450	6,160	6,290	10.7	10.7	10.7
2001 to 2010	15,170	7,225	7,940	13.1	12.6	13.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,445	6,480	6,965	11.6	11.3	11.9
2011 to 2015	6,545	3,070	3,475	5.6	5.3	5.9
2016 to 2021	6,900	3,410	3,485	5.9	5.9	5.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,625	1,465	1,160	2.3	2.5	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	56,510	27,350	29,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,520	2,815	2,705	9.8	10.3	9.3
5 to 14 years	10,025	5,255	4,770	17.7	19.2	16.4
15 to 24 years	9,505	4,185	5,320	16.8	15.3	18.2
25 to 44 years	26,120	12,635	13,490	46.2	46.2	46.3
45 years and over	5,345	2,460	2,880	9.5	9.0	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	56,510	27,350	29,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,180	3,720	4,465	14.5	13.6	15.3
Brazil	290	145	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	690	335	350	1.2	1.2	1.2
El Salvador	200	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Guyana	805	370	440	1.4	1.4	1.5
Haiti	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	1,755	765	990	3.1	2.8	3.4
Mexico	240	85	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Peru	305	130	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	965	425	535	1.7	1.6	1.8
United States of America	1,085	500	590	1.9	1.8	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	840	965	3.2	3.1	3.3
Europe	9,890	4,930	4,960	17.5	18.0	17.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	100	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Croatia	380	205	180	0.7	0.7	0.6
France	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	295	140	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greece	175	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	690	375	315	1.2	1.4	1.1
Netherlands	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	2,025	965	1,055	3.6	3.5	3.6
Portugal	1,475	765	705	2.6	2.8	2.4
Romania	555	285	270	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	305	140	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	215	90	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,910	980	930	3.4	3.6	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,220	575	650	2.2	2.1	2.2
Africa	4,530	2,255	2,280	8.0	8.2	7.8
Algeria	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	1,960	1,005	950	3.5	3.7	3.3
Eritrea	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	510	255	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Somalia	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	250	105	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	1,445	710	735	2.6	2.6	2.5
Asia	33,800	16,420	17,385	59.8	60.0	59.6
Afghanistan	285	155	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	420	225	200	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iraq	1,190	615	570	2.1	2.2	2.0
Lebanon	570	255	310	1.0	0.9	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	570	290	285	1.0	1.1	1.0
Turkey	140	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,730	1,275	1,460	4.8	4.7	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,140	555	585	2.0	2.0	2.0
Korea, South⁹²	345	160	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	255	100	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Philippines	4,355	1,930	2,425	7.7	7.1	8.3
Viet Nam	1,225	565	660	2.2	2.1	2.3
Bangladesh	335	155	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
India	10,125	4,990	5,140	17.9	18.2	17.6
Pakistan	5,860	3,015	2,845	10.4	11.0	9.8
Sri Lanka	1,010	485	525	1.8	1.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	3,250	1,570	1,680	5.8	5.7	5.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,900	3,410	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	620	275	340	9.0	8.1	9.7
Brazil	65	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.1
Colombia	55	20	30	0.8	0.6	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	40	15	20	0.6	0.4	0.6
United States of America	245	115	130	3.6	3.4	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	15	25	0.7	0.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	95	35	55	1.4	1.0	1.6
Europe	245	120	125	3.6	3.5	3.6
France	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	155	75	75	2.2	2.2	2.1
Africa	645	330	310	9.3	9.7	8.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	295	160	140	4.3	4.7	4.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	205	110	95	3.0	3.2	2.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	35	10	30	0.5	0.3	0.9
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	35	20	0.7	1.0	0.6
Asia	5,375	2,675	2,700	77.9	78.4	77.4
Afghanistan	60	20	35	0.9	0.6	1.0
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
China⁹⁰	280	140	140	4.1	4.1	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
India	2,505	1,280	1,220	36.3	37.5	35.0
Iran⁸⁸	65	35	25	0.9	1.0	0.7
Iraq	200	95	105	2.9	2.8	3.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.7
Lebanon	55	35	20	0.8	1.0	0.6
Nepal	25	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.4
Pakistan	775	380	395	11.2	11.1	11.3
Philippines	425	200	220	6.2	5.9	6.3
Saudi Arabia	115	45	70	1.7	1.3	2.0
Sri Lanka	70	30	45	1.0	0.9	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	315	140	175	4.6	4.1	5.0
Turkey	40	25	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	125	60	65	1.8	1.8	1.9
Viet Nam	65	20	40	0.9	0.6	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	170	115	60	2.5	3.4	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	59,985	29,250	30,730	51.7	50.9	52.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	33,035	16,685	16,350	28.5	29.0	27.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,055	11,545	11,510	19.9	20.1	19.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	48,175	23,295	24,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30,145	15,375	14,770	62.6	66.0	59.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,295	7,690	3,605	23.4	33.0	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	18,850	7,685	11,165	39.1	33.0	44.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,325	4,825	7,500	25.6	20.7	30.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,335	2,890	2,445	11.1	12.4	9.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	370	205	165	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	48,175	23,295	24,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,110	1,055	1,050	4.4	4.5	4.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,665	1,840	1,820	7.6	7.9	7.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	905	445	455	1.9	1.9	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,465	730	730	3.0	3.1	2.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	225	100	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	39,805	19,115	20,695	82.6	82.1	83.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	68,455	33,715	34,740	59.0	58.7	59.3
South Asian	29,415	14,835	14,580	25.3	25.8	24.9
Chinese	7,315	3,465	3,845	6.3	6.0	6.6
Black	7,405	3,555	3,850	6.4	6.2	6.6
Filipino	6,075	2,825	3,250	5.2	4.9	5.5
Arab	6,350	3,285	3,065	5.5	5.7	5.2
Latin American	3,525	1,615	1,905	3.0	2.8	3.3
Southeast Asian	2,075	980	1,090	1.8	1.7	1.9
West Asian	1,025	490	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Korean	525	255	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Japanese	420	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,510	730	770	1.3	1.3	1.3
Multiple visible minorities	2,825	1,475	1,345	2.4	2.6	2.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	47,620	23,770	23,850	41.0	41.4	40.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,465	4,405	4,055	7.3	7.7	6.9
English	10,325	5,280	5,050	8.9	9.2	8.6
Irish	8,800	4,430	4,370	7.6	7.7	7.5
Scottish	8,385	4,130	4,255	7.2	7.2	7.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,620	1,635	1,985	3.1	2.8	3.4
German	3,870	1,995	1,875	3.3	3.5	3.2
Chinese	8,340	4,000	4,340	7.2	7.0	7.4
Italian	6,695	3,400	3,295	5.8	5.9	5.6
Indian (India)	15,200	7,610	7,595	13.1	13.2	13.0
Ukrainian	2,225	1,100	1,125	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	1,535	685	845	1.3	1.2	1.4
Polish	4,685	2,280	2,405	4.0	4.0	4.1
Québécois	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,525	1,220	1,300	2.2	2.1	2.2
Filipino	5,950	2,850	3,100	5.1	5.0	5.3
French Canadian	775	370	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	860	445	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	385	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Métis	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,150	570	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	865	425	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	300	140	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Welsh	990	495	495	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portuguese	5,075	2,485	2,590	4.4	4.3	4.4
American	690	295	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	1,815	830	990	1.6	1.4	1.7
Swedish	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	720	385	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Acadian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	7,340	3,770	3,565	6.3	6.6	6.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,365	640	730	1.2	1.1	1.2
Jewish	325	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	1,520	780	745	1.3	1.4	1.3
Vietnamese	1,615	810	800	1.4	1.4	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,085	1,080	1,000	1.8	1.9	1.7
Greek	985	505	480	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	2,630	1,255	1,375	2.3	2.2	2.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,445	725	720	1.2	1.3	1.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	550	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	780	405	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanese	910	420	490	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iranian	445	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,210	615	590	1.0	1.1	1.0
Danish	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	855	450	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Austrian	330	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgian	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,860	965	895	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mexican	460	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swiss	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	1,005	460	545	0.9	0.8	0.9
Croatian	1,450	725	720	1.2	1.3	1.2
Japanese	535	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,550	755	795	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,515	745	770	1.3	1.3	1.3
Egyptian	2,220	1,175	1,045	1.9	2.0	1.8
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	730	365	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	1,035	560	475	0.9	1.0	0.8
Icelandic	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	705	370	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syrian	610	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyanese	900	455	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afghan	510	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	595	320	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Serbian	435	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ojibway	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	375	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ontarian	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	245	160	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,050	510	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Turkish	475	250	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	345	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwanese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	775	370	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Salvadorean	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	635	285	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	440	180	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	710	380	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	590	250	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algonquin	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	560	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lithuanian	200	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	845	410	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chilean	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peruvian	410	190	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Yoruba	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	445	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	310	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slovenian	410	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrean	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Barbadian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	200	130	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	370	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Laotian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	350	130	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	975	460	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Thai	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	235	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mayan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Malay	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	390	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	165	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ugandan	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oromo	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	145	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Singaporean	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,075	57,480	58,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,800	865	935	1.6	1.5	1.6
Christian	62,185	29,690	32,495	53.6	51.7	55.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,410	3,895	4,515	7.2	6.8	7.7
Anabaptist	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,990	1,400	1,590	2.6	2.4	2.7
Baptist	840	415	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catholic	37,980	18,315	19,660	32.7	31.9	33.6
Christian Orthodox	4,065	2,010	2,055	3.5	3.5	3.5
Jehovah's Witness	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	180	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,520	705	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Presbyterian	1,130	470	660	1.0	0.8	1.1
Reformed	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,190	1,035	1,155	1.9	1.8	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,075	980	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hindu	10,185	5,160	5,030	8.8	9.0	8.6
Jewish	265	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	17,770	9,025	8,745	15.3	15.7	14.9
Sikh	2,925	1,415	1,510	2.5	2.5	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	635	265	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	20,305	10,925	9,380	17.5	19.0	16.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,205	57,025	58,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,490	52,155	53,330	91.6	91.5	91.7
Movers	9,720	4,865	4,855	8.4	8.5	8.3
Non-migrants	5,600	2,825	2,780	4.9	5.0	4.8
Migrants	4,120	2,040	2,080	3.6	3.6	3.6
Internal migrants	2,780	1,335	1,445	2.4	2.3	2.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,520	1,210	1,315	2.2	2.1	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	1,340	705	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,990	54,825	56,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,350	38,930	40,415	71.5	71.0	72.0
Movers	31,640	15,890	15,750	28.5	29.0	28.0
Non-migrants	15,015	7,465	7,550	13.5	13.6	13.4
Migrants	16,625	8,425	8,200	15.0	15.4	14.6
Internal migrants	8,855	4,480	4,375	8.0	8.2	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,625	3,890	3,740	6.9	7.1	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,230	595	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	7,765	3,940	3,825	7.0	7.2	6.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,400	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,950	5,940	6,010	12.3	12.4	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,450	41,960	43,490	87.7	87.6	87.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,815	31,845	32,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,690	1,990	1,705	5.7	6.2	5.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,130	29,855	31,270	94.3	93.8	94.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,395	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,225	5,495	5,740	11.5	11.5	11.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,860	11,665	12,200	24.5	24.4	24.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,310	30,745	31,560	64.0	64.2	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,455	12,055	11,395	24.1	25.2	23.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,495	2,675	825	3.6	5.6	1.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,880	1,330	550	1.9	2.8	1.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,615	1,345	275	1.7	2.8	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,100	8,075	9,025	17.6	16.9	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,855	1,305	1,550	2.9	2.7	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,855	18,690	20,165	39.9	39.0	40.7
Bachelor's degree	25,625	11,940	13,685	26.3	24.9	27.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,350	1,100	1,250	2.4	2.3	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,030	440	595	1.1	0.9	1.2
Master's degree	9,075	4,735	4,340	9.3	9.9	8.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	775	475	300	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,820	31,845	32,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,290	1,780	1,505	5.1	5.6	4.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,065	6,045	6,015	18.6	19.0	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,470	24,015	25,450	76.3	75.4	77.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,640	8,945	8,695	27.2	28.1	26.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,340	1,785	550	3.6	5.6	1.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,240	875	365	1.9	2.7	1.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,105	915	185	1.7	2.9	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,235	6,225	7,010	20.4	19.5	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,065	930	1,135	3.2	2.9	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,830	15,075	16,755	49.1	47.3	50.8
Bachelor's degree	20,340	9,455	10,885	31.4	29.7	33.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,955	860	1,095	3.0	2.7	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	865	350	515	1.3	1.1	1.6
Master's degree	8,085	4,075	4,015	12.5	12.8	12.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	580	340	240	0.9	1.1	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,400	47,900	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,095	17,155	17,935	36.0	35.8	36.2
Education	2,820	525	2,295	2.9	1.1	4.6
13. Education	2,820	525	2,295	2.9	1.1	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,910	795	1,110	2.0	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	145	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,725	650	1,070	1.8	1.4	2.2
Humanities	3,430	995	2,435	3.5	2.1	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315	60	260	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	770	190	580	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,500	405	1,095	1.5	0.8	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	365	170	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	0	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,775	2,425	5,355	8.0	5.1	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	860	365	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,240	65	1,170	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,185	350	835	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,170	230	940	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,125	1,360	1,765	3.2	2.8	3.6
Business, management and public administration	16,050	7,325	8,725	16.5	15.3	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	690	120	570	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,345	7,195	8,145	15.8	15.0	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,470	1,520	1,950	3.6	3.2	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,295	490	800	1.3	1.0	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	975	390	585	1.0	0.8	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	970	565	405	1.0	1.2	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,975	3,325	1,650	5.1	6.9	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,180	2,910	1,270	4.3	6.1	2.6
25. Library science	110	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	550	295	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	135	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,240	10,380	1,855	12.6	21.7	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	640	410	230	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	5,910	4,585	1,320	6.1	9.6	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,265	2,000	265	2.3	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,280	1,260	15	1.3	2.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,450	1,440	10	1.5	3.0	0.0
48. Precision production	695	675	15	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	840	425	415	0.9	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	545	290	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	6,760	1,845	4,920	6.9	3.9	9.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	630	365	265	0.6	0.8	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,925	1,400	4,525	6.1	2.9	9.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,020	1,185	835	2.1	2.5	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	950	335	615	1.0	0.7	1.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	705	505	200	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	335	320	10	0.3	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,820	31,845	32,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,350	7,825	7,525	23.7	24.6	22.8
Education	2,125	390	1,730	3.3	1.2	5.2
13. Education	2,125	390	1,730	3.3	1.2	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,510	650	860	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	120	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,360	530	830	2.1	1.7	2.5
Humanities	2,595	735	1,865	4.0	2.3	5.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	40	210	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	570	145	430	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,090	300	800	1.7	0.9	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	300	135	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,105	1,835	4,270	9.4	5.8	13.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	300	415	1.1	0.9	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	40	900	1.5	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	965	285	685	1.5	0.9	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	955	185	765	1.5	0.6	2.3
45. Social sciences	2,360	980	1,375	3.6	3.1	4.2
Business, management and public administration	13,320	5,990	7,325	20.5	18.8	22.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	105	445	0.9	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,750	5,880	6,875	19.7	18.5	20.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,610	1,130	1,475	4.0	3.5	4.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	945	360	585	1.5	1.1	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	760	320	445	1.2	1.0	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	725	395	330	1.1	1.2	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,385	2,900	1,480	6.8	9.1	4.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,735	2,570	1,165	5.8	8.1	3.5
25. Library science	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	435	225	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	130	100	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,395	7,750	1,645	14.5	24.3	5.0
04. Architecture and related services	530	335	195	0.8	1.1	0.6
14. Engineering	4,815	3,620	1,205	7.4	11.4	3.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,680	1,465	215	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	920	905	15	1.4	2.8	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	975	975	0	1.5	3.1	0.0
48. Precision production	470	455	10	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	650	315	335	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	410	210	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	105	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	5,265	1,430	3,840	8.1	4.5	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	250	150	0.6	0.8	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,700	1,120	3,580	7.3	3.5	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,485	890	595	2.3	2.8	1.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	705	250	455	1.1	0.8	1.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	530	405	125	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	225	10	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,820	31,845	32,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,350	7,825	7,525	23.7	24.6	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,470	24,015	25,455	76.3	75.4	77.2
Location of study inside Canada	29,855	14,580	15,270	46.1	45.8	46.3
Same as province or territory of residence	27,940	13,645	14,300	43.1	42.8	43.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,910	935	970	2.9	2.9	2.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,615	9,435	10,175	30.3	29.6	30.9
Americas	2,780	1,450	1,330	4.3	4.6	4.0
United States of America	1,450	840	610	2.2	2.6	1.9
Mexico	150	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazil	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	265	145	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Peru	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	145	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Europe	2,670	1,415	1,255	4.1	4.4	3.8
Belgium	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germany	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	570	300	265	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romania	290	150	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835	480	355	1.3	1.5	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	300	135	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Africa	1,360	670	690	2.1	2.1	2.1
Nigeria	215	115	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	865	405	450	1.3	1.3	1.4
South Africa, Republic of	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	180	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	12,625	5,805	6,820	19.5	18.2	20.7
Iran⁸⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	365	145	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,015	480	535	1.6	1.5	1.6
Taiwan	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japan	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,700	715	985	2.6	2.2	3.0
Viet Nam	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	170	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	5,555	2,645	2,910	8.6	8.3	8.8
Pakistan	2,270	1,020	1,250	3.5	3.2	3.8
Other locations of study in Asia	590	270	320	0.9	0.8	1.0
Oceania	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	155	80	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,395	47,900	49,500	...	...	...
In the labour force	66,300	34,795	31,505	...	...	...
Employed	57,630	30,670	26,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,675	4,125	4,545	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,100	13,105	17,995	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.1	72.6	63.6	68.1	72.6	63.6
Employment rate	59.2	64.0	54.5	59.2	64.0	54.5
Unemployment rate	13.1	11.9	14.4	13.1	11.9	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,400	47,895	49,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,440	14,020	18,420	33.3	29.3	37.2
Worked	64,960	33,875	31,080	66.7	70.7	62.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,830	21,205	16,630	38.8	44.3	33.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,125	12,675	14,455	27.8	26.5	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.5	40.1	41.4	42.5	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	66,300	34,790	31,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,325	1,150	1,170	3.5	3.3	3.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,975	33,640	30,335	96.5	96.7	96.3
Employee	54,965	27,575	27,385	82.9	79.3	86.9
Permanent position	46,785	23,915	22,870	70.6	68.7	72.6
Temporary position	8,175	3,655	4,515	12.3	10.5	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,805	1,220	1,580	4.2	3.5	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,370	2,435	2,935	8.1	7.0	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,015	6,065	2,950	13.6	17.4	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	66,300	34,790	31,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,325	1,150	1,170	3.5	3.3	3.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,975	33,640	30,335	96.5	96.7	96.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	875	650	230	1.3	1.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,105	5,385	9,720	22.8	15.5	30.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,235	6,830	2,405	13.9	19.6	7.6
3 Health occupations	3,950	990	2,965	6.0	2.8	9.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,415	1,945	4,465	9.7	5.6	14.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,555	685	875	2.3	2.0	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	14,780	6,975	7,810	22.3	20.0	24.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,195	8,065	1,135	13.9	23.2	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	465	380	80	0.7	1.1	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,390	1,740	655	3.6	5.0	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	66,300	34,790	31,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,325	1,150	1,170	3.5	3.3	3.7
All industries¹⁹¹	63,975	33,640	30,335	96.5	96.7	96.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	330	220	110	0.5	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	3,880	3,270	615	5.9	9.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,660	3,900	1,760	8.5	11.2	5.6
41 Wholesale trade	4,175	2,360	1,810	6.3	6.8	5.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,345	3,675	3,675	11.1	10.6	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,440	3,015	1,425	6.7	8.7	4.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,775	1,085	695	2.7	3.1	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	4,935	2,230	2,700	7.4	6.4	8.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,475	860	615	2.2	2.5	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,155	5,065	3,085	12.3	14.6	9.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	485	155	330	0.7	0.4	1.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,570	1,385	1,180	3.9	4.0	3.7
61 Educational services	4,385	1,290	3,090	6.6	3.7	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	6,220	1,300	4,915	9.4	3.7	15.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	775	395	380	1.2	1.1	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,635	1,155	1,480	4.0	3.3	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,990	925	1,065	3.0	2.7	3.4
91 Public administration	2,530	1,225	1,305	3.8	3.5	4.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,740	36,270	33,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,820	33,995	30,825	92.9	93.7	92.1
French	170	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	395	210	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	395	210	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	1,200	385	815	1.7	1.1	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,030	1,600	1,430	4.3	4.4	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,740	36,270	33,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,995	35,930	33,060	98.9	99.1	98.8
Official languages	68,080	35,465	32,610	97.6	97.8	97.4
English	67,775	35,390	32,380	97.2	97.6	96.7
French	310	70	235	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	910	460	445	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	910	460	445	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	435	235	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	225	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese languages	235	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	80	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	750	340	410	1.1	0.9	1.2
English and French	210	65	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	525	280	245	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,740	36,270	33,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,020	34,520	31,500	94.7	95.2	94.1
English	590	265	325	0.8	0.7	1.0
French	875	295	580	1.3	0.8	1.7
Non-official language	1,790	915	870	2.6	2.5	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,790	915	870	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	360	240	120	0.5	0.7	0.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,630	30,670	26,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,055	10,200	10,850	36.5	33.3	40.2
Worked outside Canada	305	220	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
No fixed workplace address	5,635	4,195	1,435	9.8	13.7	5.3
Usual place of work	30,635	16,045	14,580	53.2	52.3	54.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,635	16,050	14,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,685	9,065	9,615	61.0	56.5	65.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,535	1,515	1,020	8.3	9.4	7.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,360	5,435	3,925	30.6	33.9	26.9
Commute to a different province or territory	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,265	20,240	16,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,325	18,050	13,265	86.4	89.2	82.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,325	16,995	11,325	78.1	84.0	70.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,990	1,050	1,940	8.2	5.2	12.1
Public transit	2,930	1,280	1,650	8.1	6.3	10.3
Walked	800	355	445	2.2	1.8	2.8
Bicycle	90	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other method	1,120	495	625	3.1	2.4	3.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,265	20,240	16,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,640	3,100	3,540	18.3	15.3	22.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,555	7,255	6,290	37.4	35.8	39.3
30 to 44 minutes	9,240	5,600	3,635	25.5	27.7	22.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,270	2,065	1,205	9.0	10.2	7.5
60 minutes and over	3,565	2,220	1,345	9.8	11.0	8.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,265	20,240	16,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,595	1,885	705	7.2	9.3	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,755	3,620	2,135	15.9	17.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,095	4,440	3,655	22.3	21.9	22.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,300	3,885	4,410	22.9	19.2	27.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,195	3,230	2,970	17.1	16.0	18.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,325	3,190	2,135	14.7	15.8	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,175	12,555	11,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,095	1,080	1,010	8.7	8.6	8.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,085	11,475	10,610	91.4	91.4	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,745	9,740	9,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,750	905	845	9.3	9.3	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,115	570	545	5.9	5.9	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	640	340	295	3.4	3.5	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,995	8,835	8,160	90.7	90.7	90.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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