Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mississauga--LakeshoreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	117,095	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,444	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3	...	...	- 0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,399	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,663	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,947.7	...	...	1,947.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	60.12	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,095	57,225	59,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,655	9,170	8,485	15.1	16.0	14.2
0 to 4 years	5,295	2,760	2,535	4.5	4.8	4.2
5 to 9 years	5,950	3,060	2,885	5.1	5.3	4.8
10 to 14 years	6,415	3,345	3,070	5.5	5.8	5.1
15 to 64 years	76,635	37,725	38,910	65.4	65.9	65.0
15 to 19 years	6,640	3,395	3,235	5.7	5.9	5.4
20 to 24 years	6,905	3,510	3,395	5.9	6.1	5.7
25 to 29 years	6,775	3,540	3,235	5.8	6.2	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,050	3,515	3,530	6.0	6.1	5.9
35 to 39 years	7,415	3,580	3,835	6.3	6.3	6.4
40 to 44 years	7,400	3,540	3,860	6.3	6.2	6.4
45 to 49 years	7,690	3,605	4,085	6.6	6.3	6.8
50 to 54 years	8,635	4,120	4,515	7.4	7.2	7.5
55 to 59 years	9,590	4,740	4,850	8.2	8.3	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,540	4,175	4,370	7.3	7.3	7.3
65 years and over	22,805	10,335	12,470	19.5	18.1	20.8
65 to 69 years	6,805	3,240	3,565	5.8	5.7	6.0
70 to 74 years	5,695	2,660	3,040	4.9	4.6	5.1
75 to 79 years	4,040	1,800	2,245	3.5	3.1	3.7
80 to 84 years	3,060	1,355	1,705	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	3,205	1,285	1,915	2.7	2.2	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,950	850	1,100	1.7	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	975	360	615	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	255	65	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	16.0	14.2	15.1	16.0	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.4	65.9	65.0	65.4	65.9	65.0
65 years and over	19.5	18.1	20.8	19.5	18.1	20.8
85 years and over	2.7	2.2	3.2	2.7	2.2	3.2
Average age of the population	43.1	42.0	44.1	43.1	42.0	44.1
Median age of the population	44.0	42.4	45.6	44.0	42.4	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,795	...	...	46.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,060	...	...	6.9	...	...
Row house	4,360	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,035	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,065	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	12,295	...	...	27.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,845	...	...	24.3	...	...
2 persons	14,170	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 persons	8,110	...	...	18.2	...	...
4 persons	7,355	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,180	...	...	9.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	115,925	56,795	59,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,445	48,055	51,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,390	28,190	28,205	56.7	58.7	54.9
Married	49,535	24,750	24,790	49.8	51.5	48.2
Living common-law	6,860	3,445	3,415	6.9	7.2	6.6
Living common law - Never married	4,665	2,335	2,330	4.7	4.9	4.5
Living common law - Separated	315	185	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,710	850	865	1.7	1.8	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	43,050	19,870	23,185	43.3	41.3	45.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,605	15,355	13,255	28.8	32.0	25.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,790	1,130	1,655	2.8	2.4	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,000	2,230	3,770	6.0	4.6	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,650	1,150	4,500	5.7	2.4	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,355	...	...	45.9	...	...
3 persons	8,035	...	...	24.0	...	...
4 persons	7,290	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,755	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,495	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	24,070	...	...	72.0	...	...
With children⁶	14,695	...	...	44.0	...	...
Without children	9,370	...	...	28.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,430	...	...	10.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,230	...	...	3.7	...	...
Without children	2,195	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,935	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,700	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,230	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,925	56,795	59,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,545	48,950	49,600	85.0	86.2	83.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,990	27,515	27,480	47.4	48.4	46.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,935	1,230	4,705	5.1	2.2	8.0
Children⁶	37,620	20,200	17,420	32.5	35.6	29.5
In a two-parent family	28,845	15,310	13,530	24.9	27.0	22.9
In a one-parent family	8,770	4,890	3,885	7.6	8.6	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,385	7,850	9,535	15.0	13.8	16.1
Living alone	10,845	4,715	6,130	9.4	8.3	10.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,070	1,160	1,910	2.6	2.0	3.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,465	1,975	1,495	3.0	3.5	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,760	...	...	64.4	...	...
Couple-family households	24,165	...	...	54.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,085	...	...	31.5	...	...
Without children	10,075	...	...	22.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,595	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,735	...	...	3.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,460	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,570	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	10,850	...	...	24.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,435	45,695	48,740	96.1	95.9	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,400	41,200	45,600	50,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,470	45,710	48,765	96.1	95.9	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,200	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,435	42,085	43,345	86.9	88.3	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,000	35,200	41,200	48,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,615	35,005	33,610	69.8	73.5	66.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,400	38,400	43,600	48,400	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,305	40,380	43,920	85.8	84.8	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	6,360	9,600	8,300	6,360	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,870	3,315	4,555	8.0	7.0	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,520	5,720	5,640	5,520	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,360	13,690	13,670	27.8	28.7	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	9,500	9,000	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,505	45,760	48,750	96.1	96.0	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,900	88,400	60,300	73,900	88,400	60,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,540	45,775	48,765	96.2	96.1	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,650	65,500	48,400	56,650	65,500	48,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,485	42,110	43,375	87.0	88.4	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,600	87,200	56,350	71,600	87,200	56,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,605	34,925	33,680	69.8	73.3	66.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,100	82,300	57,550	70,100	82,300	57,550
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,170	40,315	43,855	85.6	84.6	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,210	11,290	10,300	9,210	11,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,785	3,250	4,530	7.9	6.8	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,005	7,680	6,980	6,005	7,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,175	13,605	13,565	27.6	28.6	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,520	9,380	9,650	9,520	9,380	9,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	98,310	47,650	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,895	18,570	15,325	34.5	39.0	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,500	80,000	69,500	75,500	80,000	69,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	112,300	126,400	95,200	112,300	126,400	95,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,905	11,540	13,365	25.3	24.2	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,000	16,600	17,600	19,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,720	36,760	29,240	32,720	36,760	29,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6	90.8	83.2	87.6	90.8	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	71.0	66.0	68.8	71.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.4	9.2	16.8	12.4	9.2	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.1	4.1	3.4	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.2	4.5	3.7	3.2	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,870	1,945	1,925	3.9	4.1	3.8
With total income	94,435	45,695	48,745	96.1	95.9	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,315	3,670	4,640	8.8	8.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,375	4,545	5,830	11.0	9.9	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	13,370	5,920	7,450	14.2	13.0	15.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,220	4,425	5,800	10.8	9.7	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,925	4,115	4,810	9.5	9.0	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,775	3,615	4,160	8.2	7.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,170	2,975	3,190	6.5	6.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,170	2,580	2,595	5.5	5.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,130	2,145	1,985	4.4	4.7	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,405	1,780	1,625	3.6	3.9	3.3
$100,000 and over	16,590	9,925	6,660	17.6	21.7	13.7
$100,000 to $149,999	8,985	4,860	4,120	9.5	10.6	8.5
$150,000 and over	7,605	5,070	2,535	8.1	11.1	5.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,840	1,935	1,900	3.9	4.1	3.8
With after-tax income	94,470	45,705	48,765	96.1	95.9	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,835	3,860	4,970	9.4	8.4	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,850	4,780	6,075	11.5	10.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,905	6,550	8,355	15.8	14.3	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,065	5,490	6,575	12.8	12.0	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,800	5,010	5,790	11.4	11.0	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,365	3,985	4,375	8.9	8.7	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,550	3,285	3,270	6.9	7.2	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,035	2,700	2,335	5.3	5.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,140	2,020	2,120	4.4	4.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,725	1,445	1,280	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	10,190	6,580	3,615	10.8	14.4	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,040	2,430	1,615	4.3	5.3	3.3
$125,000 and over	6,155	4,155	1,995	6.5	9.1	4.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,690	12,635	17,055	30.2	26.5	33.7
With employment income	68,620	35,005	33,610	69.8	73.5	66.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,155	4,995	5,160	14.8	14.3	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,535	2,475	3,065	8.1	7.1	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,980	3,310	3,665	10.2	9.5	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,180	2,455	2,720	7.5	7.0	8.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,820	2,240	2,580	7.0	6.4	7.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,955	2,390	2,560	7.2	6.8	7.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,910	2,405	2,505	7.2	6.9	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145	2,030	2,110	6.0	5.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,535	1,830	1,710	5.2	5.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	1,585	1,350	4.3	4.5	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	1,345	1,270	3.8	3.8	3.8
$100,000 and over	12,870	7,945	4,930	18.8	22.7	14.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,745	2,520	2,225	6.9	7.2	6.6
$125,000 and over	8,130	5,420	2,705	11.8	15.5	8.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,175	44,500	47,675	93.8	93.4	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,000	39,200	44,000	50,000	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,205	44,505	47,700	93.8	93.4	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,600	39,200	43,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,190	41,405	42,790	85.6	86.9	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	37,200	42,800	50,000	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,750	35,035	33,715	69.9	73.5	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	49,600	40,000	44,400	49,600	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,860	37,845	41,010	80.2	79.4	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,540	830	3,640	1,540	830	3,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,830	1,850	2,980	4.9	3.9	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,480	6,700	6,160	5,480	6,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,105	44,490	47,615	93.7	93.4	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,400	85,200	58,600	71,400	85,200	58,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,145	44,510	47,640	93.7	93.4	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	63,000	46,520	54,500	63,000	46,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,140	41,410	42,730	85.6	86.9	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,900	86,500	57,800	71,900	86,500	57,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,625	34,960	33,665	69.8	73.4	66.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,400	83,000	57,200	70,400	83,000	57,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,745	37,785	40,960	80.1	79.3	80.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,585	7,820	6,750	5,585	7,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,840	1,900	2,940	4.9	4.0	5.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	6,375	8,560	7,700	6,375	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	98,310	47,650	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,610	18,415	15,200	34.2	38.6	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	77,500	64,000	71,000	77,500	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	105,400	120,400	87,200	105,400	120,400	87,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,360	10,880	12,480	23.8	22.8	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	27,400	24,000	25,200	27,400	24,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,600	48,200	35,880	41,600	48,200	35,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.4	88.6	92.0	94.4	88.6
Employment income (%)	73.4	76.6	69.0	73.4	76.6	69.0
Government transfers (%)	8.1	5.6	11.5	8.1	5.6	11.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...	64,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,600	...	...	52,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	185,800	...	...	185,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,125	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,130	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,065	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,180	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,215	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,290	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,760	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,685	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,290	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,210	...	...	52.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,015	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,785	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,405	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,005	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	395	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,220	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,250	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,250	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,550	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,615	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,225	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,080	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,870	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,550	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,675	...	...	44.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,225	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,990	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,460	...	...	23.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,310	6,695	7,620	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	46,000	44,400	45,200	46,000	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,400	40,000	40,000	40,400	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	187,200	...	...	187,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,200	...	...	142,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,345	6,645	7,695	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,300	61,650	57,250	59,300	61,650	57,250
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,680	49,640	47,880	48,680	49,640	47,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,925	56,795	59,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,675	11,230	10,450	18.7	19.8	17.7
0 to 5 years	6,485	3,375	3,110	5.6	5.9	5.3
18 to 64 years	72,360	35,540	36,815	62.4	62.6	62.3
65 years and over	21,890	10,030	11,860	18.9	17.7	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,735	4,575	5,160	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,095	1,095	1,005	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	600	305	295	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,575	2,705	2,870	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,065	780	1,280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.4	8.1	8.7	8.4	8.1	8.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.6	9.7	9.7	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.5	9.2	9.0	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.6	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.8
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.8	10.8	9.4	7.8	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,925	56,795	59,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,680	11,225	10,450	18.7	19.8	17.7
0 to 5 years	6,480	3,375	3,105	5.6	5.9	5.3
18 to 64 years	72,360	35,540	36,820	62.4	62.6	62.3
65 years and over	21,885	10,025	11,860	18.9	17.7	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,910	3,000	2,905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,100	580	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	300	160	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,045	2,115	1,930	...	...	...
65 years and over	765	305	455	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.3	4.9	5.1	5.3	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	6.0	5.2	5.6	6.0	5.2
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.1	3.8	3.5	3.1	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,925	56,795	59,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,350	21,220	23,130	38.3	37.4	39.1
In bottom decile	8,725	4,245	4,475	7.5	7.5	7.6
In second decile	8,465	3,935	4,525	7.3	6.9	7.7
In third decile	8,720	4,155	4,570	7.5	7.3	7.7
In fourth decile	9,020	4,280	4,745	7.8	7.5	8.0
In fifth decile	9,425	4,610	4,820	8.1	8.1	8.2
In top half of the distribution	71,575	35,570	36,000	61.7	62.6	60.9
In sixth decile	9,960	4,825	5,135	8.6	8.5	8.7
In seventh decile	10,460	5,140	5,315	9.0	9.1	9.0
In eighth decile	11,775	5,855	5,920	10.2	10.3	10.0
In ninth decile	14,385	7,150	7,230	12.4	12.6	12.2
In top decile	24,995	12,600	12,395	21.6	22.2	21.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,925	...	...	115,925	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.517	...	...	0.517	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.362	...	...	0.362	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	116,325	56,960	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,270	51,940	52,330	89.6	91.2	88.1
French only	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	9,500	4,035	5,460	8.2	7.1	9.2
Neither English nor French	2,460	940	1,515	2.1	1.7	2.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	116,325	56,960	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,550	55,005	56,550	95.9	96.6	95.3
French	1,575	685	890	1.4	1.2	1.5
English and French	800	360	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	2,395	910	1,485	2.1	1.6	2.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	116,325	56,960	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,975	53,935	56,040	94.5	94.7	94.4
Official languages	71,960	35,960	36,005	61.9	63.1	60.6
English	70,490	35,325	35,165	60.6	62.0	59.2
French	1,470	635	835	1.3	1.1	1.4
Non-official languages	38,010	17,970	20,040	32.7	31.5	33.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	38,005	17,970	20,040	32.7	31.5	33.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,420	1,765	1,650	2.9	3.1	2.8
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,220	1,680	1,545	2.8	2.9	2.6
Amharic	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,765	1,460	1,310	2.4	2.6	2.2
Aramaic languages	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	785	360	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	775	355	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,140	880	1,260	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,775	715	1,050	1.5	1.3	1.8
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	710	365	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	375	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,845	11,790	13,050	21.4	20.7	22.0
Albanian	580	290	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	9,440	4,365	5,075	8.1	7.7	8.5
Baltic languages	160	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	9,285	4,305	4,985	8.0	7.6	8.4
Belarusian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	4,755	2,190	2,565	4.1	3.8	4.3
Russian	1,055	450	605	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,510	750	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Bosnian	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	600	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbian	620	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	985	460	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,060	470	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	740	330	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	715	325	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	180	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	5,985	3,020	2,965	5.1	5.3	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,930	2,480	2,460	4.2	4.4	4.1
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	345	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	395	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	810	410	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	750	380	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,345	1,160	1,180	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,045	545	505	0.9	1.0	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	860	440	425	0.7	0.8	0.7
Dari	305	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	445	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,335	3,430	3,900	6.3	6.0	6.6
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,075	1,020	1,050	1.8	1.8	1.8
Portuguese	2,585	1,175	1,410	2.2	2.1	2.4
Romanian	455	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	2,210	1,015	1,190	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	725	325	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,140	1,870	2,265	3.6	3.3	3.8
Chinese languages	4,050	1,830	2,225	3.5	3.2	3.7
Hakka	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,810	1,265	1,550	2.4	2.2	2.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,075	490	580	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	160	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	220	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	370	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,350	3,025	3,325	5.5	5.3	5.6
English and French	515	245	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	5,050	2,435	2,620	4.3	4.3	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	515	230	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	116,325	56,960	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,375	38,070	38,305	65.7	66.8	64.5
French	365	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	9,420	4,365	5,050	8.1	7.7	8.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,415	4,365	5,050	8.1	7.7	8.5
English and French	1,215	530	685	1.0	0.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	27,120	13,010	14,110	23.3	22.8	23.8
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,045	445	600	0.9	0.8	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	715	325	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	116,325	56,960	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,850	53,865	55,985	94.4	94.6	94.3
Official languages	90,715	44,810	45,905	78.0	78.7	77.3
English	90,130	44,525	45,610	77.5	78.2	76.8
French	580	280	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	19,135	9,060	10,075	16.4	15.9	17.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,140	9,060	10,075	16.5	15.9	17.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,045	995	1,055	1.8	1.7	1.8
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,905	920	980	1.6	1.6	1.7
Amharic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,675	825	850	1.4	1.4	1.4
Aramaic languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	550	260	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	550	255	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,080	490	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	930	420	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	395	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,235	5,320	5,915	9.7	9.3	10.0
Albanian	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,570	2,180	2,395	3.9	3.8	4.0
Baltic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,530	2,160	2,370	3.9	3.8	4.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Polish	2,410	1,140	1,270	2.1	2.0	2.1
Russian	660	295	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	640	320	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bosnian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	495	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,465	1,695	1,770	3.0	3.0	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,815	1,380	1,435	2.4	2.4	2.4
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	395	200	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	1,500	725	770	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	650	320	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	530	250	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Dari	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,750	1,235	1,515	2.4	2.2	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	190	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	990	450	540	0.9	0.8	0.9
Romanian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,110	500	610	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,805	1,295	1,505	2.4	2.3	2.5
Chinese languages	2,730	1,260	1,470	2.3	2.2	2.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,065	955	1,110	1.8	1.7	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	580	270	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,470	3,090	3,385	5.6	5.4	5.7
English and French	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,985	2,880	3,105	5.1	5.1	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	116,325	56,960	59,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,545	45,185	46,365	78.7	79.3	78.1
English	8,130	3,940	4,190	7.0	6.9	7.1
French	1,005	435	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	12,515	5,930	6,580	10.8	10.4	11.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,505	5,930	6,580	10.8	10.4	11.1
English and French	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	995	485	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	570	235	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,415	675	740	1.2	1.2	1.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,840	56,795	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,340	55,830	57,515	97.8	98.3	97.4
English	113,250	55,790	57,460	97.8	98.2	97.3
French	9,610	4,150	5,460	8.3	7.3	9.2
Non-official languages	50,595	24,135	26,460	43.7	42.5	44.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50,580	24,125	26,455	43.7	42.5	44.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,205	2,640	2,570	4.5	4.6	4.4
Berber languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,925	2,505	2,415	4.3	4.4	4.1
Amharic	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	4,430	2,275	2,160	3.8	4.0	3.7
Aramaic languages	385	220	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	330	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,140	525	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,125	520	610	1.0	0.9	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,990	1,220	1,770	2.6	2.1	3.0
Bikol	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,795	1,125	1,670	2.4	2.0	2.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,045	575	470	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kannada	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	545	290	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Telugu	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	33,895	16,415	17,480	29.3	28.9	29.6
Albanian	670	330	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Armenian	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	11,825	5,650	6,175	10.2	9.9	10.5
Baltic languages	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	11,690	5,590	6,095	10.1	9.8	10.3
Belarusian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	315	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	6,245	2,985	3,260	5.4	5.3	5.5
Russian	2,025	935	1,090	1.7	1.6	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	2,050	1,020	1,030	1.8	1.8	1.7
Bosnian	390	200	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Croatian	1,185	615	565	1.0	1.1	1.0
Serbian	890	410	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	1,510	720	790	1.3	1.3	1.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,960	905	1,055	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,445	695	750	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	1,425	690	735	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	355	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	255	85	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	545	300	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	9,005	4,585	4,415	7.8	8.1	7.5
Indo-Aryan languages	7,830	3,990	3,840	6.8	7.0	6.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	520	275	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	640	310	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hindi	3,150	1,610	1,545	2.7	2.8	2.6
Kacchi	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,860	930	930	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	180	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Urdu	3,410	1,755	1,655	2.9	3.1	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	1,315	670	645	1.1	1.2	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	1,110	565	545	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dari	480	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	580	320	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,705	5,040	5,660	9.2	8.9	9.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,485	1,775	1,710	3.0	3.1	2.9
Portuguese	3,460	1,580	1,880	3.0	2.8	3.2
Romanian	600	270	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	3,790	1,735	2,055	3.3	3.1	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	270	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	820	350	470	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mongolian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	635	285	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,870	2,235	2,640	4.2	3.9	4.5
Chinese languages	4,785	2,180	2,605	4.1	3.8	4.4
Hakka	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,825	1,745	2,075	3.3	3.1	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,465	660	805	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	510	305	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	470	275	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	545	240	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	485	205	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,840	56,795	59,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	985	535	445	0.9	0.9	0.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	905	510	395	0.8	0.9	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	505	265	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Métis	395	245	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	114,855	56,255	58,600	99.1	99.0	99.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,840	56,795	59,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,540	56,640	58,905	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,640	...	...	68.6	...	...
Renter	14,025	...	...	31.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,430	...	...	18.9	...	...
Not condominium	36,240	...	...	81.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,790	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,700	...	...	21.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,060	...	...	31.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,855	...	...	33.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,845	...	...	28.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,785	...	...	13.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,765	...	...	12.9	...	...
7 rooms	5,050	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,220	...	...	34.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,270	...	...	96.9	...	...
More than one person per room	1,400	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,445	...	...	92.8	...	...
Not suitable	3,225	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,095	...	...	20.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,550	...	...	48.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,345	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,160	...	...	7.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,515	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,185	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,035	...	...	2.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,775	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,940	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,730	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,430	...	...	48.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,955	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,280	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	430	...	...	1.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,195	...	...	9.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,985	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,895	...	...	19.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,450	...	...	23.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,560	...	...	16.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,340	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,815	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,410	...	...	72.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,030	...	...	27.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,625	...	...	23.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,000	...	...	35.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,390	...	...	23.3	...	...
Not suitable only	2,270	...	...	5.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,455	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	610	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	925	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,665	...	...	64.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,395	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not in core need	36,640	...	...	85.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,640	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.3	...	...	21.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,206	...	...	2,206	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,310,000	...	...	1,310,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.7	...	...	39.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	31.0	...	...	31.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,580	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,840	56,795	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,330	715	615	1.1	1.3	1.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,315	710	600	1.1	1.3	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	930	500	435	0.8	0.9	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,330	55,985	58,350	98.7	98.6	98.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,845	56,795	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,100	51,535	53,570	90.7	90.7	90.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,140	10,335	9,800	17.4	18.2	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,960	41,195	43,765	73.3	72.5	74.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,740	5,260	5,480	9.3	9.3	9.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,845	56,795	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	70,155	34,930	35,225	60.6	61.5	59.7
Immigrants⁸¹	43,625	20,800	22,815	37.7	36.6	38.6
Before 1980	10,760	5,100	5,665	9.3	9.0	9.6
1980 to 1990	5,975	2,945	3,030	5.2	5.2	5.1
1991 to 2000	8,650	3,995	4,655	7.5	7.0	7.9
2001 to 2010	9,205	4,420	4,780	7.9	7.8	8.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,040	4,350	4,690	7.8	7.7	7.9
2011 to 2015	4,200	2,010	2,190	3.6	3.5	3.7
2016 to 2021	4,840	2,340	2,500	4.2	4.1	4.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,060	1,060	1,000	1.8	1.9	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	43,625	20,805	22,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,970	1,940	2,035	9.1	9.3	8.9
5 to 14 years	8,110	4,310	3,800	18.6	20.7	16.7
15 to 24 years	8,695	3,925	4,765	19.9	18.9	20.9
25 to 44 years	19,165	9,030	10,135	43.9	43.4	44.4
45 years and over	3,690	1,600	2,085	8.5	7.7	9.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	43,625	20,805	22,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,630	2,495	3,140	12.9	12.0	13.8
Brazil	210	80	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	490	215	280	1.1	1.0	1.2
El Salvador	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	485	220	260	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haiti	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	965	425	540	2.2	2.0	2.4
Mexico	210	95	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	175	70	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	700	325	375	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	920	370	550	2.1	1.8	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,360	625	735	3.1	3.0	3.2
Europe	16,830	8,035	8,800	38.6	38.6	38.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	395	205	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
Croatia	510	285	230	1.2	1.4	1.0
France	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	575	285	290	1.3	1.4	1.3
Greece	195	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungary	205	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italy	1,390	750	640	3.2	3.6	2.8
Netherlands	150	50	105	0.3	0.2	0.5
Poland	4,195	1,935	2,260	9.6	9.3	9.9
Portugal	1,900	900	1,000	4.4	4.3	4.4
Romania	500	235	265	1.1	1.1	1.2
Russian Federation	550	205	345	1.3	1.0	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	295	130	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ukraine	860	410	455	2.0	2.0	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,570	1,300	1,270	5.9	6.2	5.6
Other places of birth in Europe	2,415	1,105	1,315	5.5	5.3	5.8
Africa	2,530	1,300	1,230	5.8	6.2	5.4
Algeria	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	565	285	275	1.3	1.4	1.2
Eritrea	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	245	155	95	0.6	0.7	0.4
Somalia	180	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	260	135	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	925	455	470	2.1	2.2	2.1
Asia	18,490	8,900	9,590	42.4	42.8	42.0
Afghanistan	375	185	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	505	295	215	1.2	1.4	0.9
Iraq	905	480	425	2.1	2.3	1.9
Lebanon	360	145	210	0.8	0.7	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	615	285	325	1.4	1.4	1.4
Turkey	210	140	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
China⁹⁰	2,685	1,195	1,490	6.2	5.7	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	430	200	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	645	275	370	1.5	1.3	1.6
Taiwan	160	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	2,795	1,115	1,680	6.4	5.4	7.4
Viet Nam	875	410	465	2.0	2.0	2.0
Bangladesh	255	130	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
India	3,295	1,680	1,615	7.6	8.1	7.1
Pakistan	2,145	1,135	1,005	4.9	5.5	4.4
Sri Lanka	420	220	200	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	1,810	930	885	4.1	4.5	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,835	2,340	2,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	425	185	240	8.8	7.9	9.6
Brazil	65	20	45	1.3	0.9	1.8
Colombia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mexico	40	10	25	0.8	0.4	1.0
United States of America	155	70	85	3.2	3.0	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	55	45	2.1	2.4	1.8
Europe	695	355	345	14.4	15.2	13.8
France	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	30	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	50	10	40	1.0	0.4	1.6
Ukraine	95	45	50	2.0	1.9	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	40	15	1.1	1.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	415	195	220	8.6	8.3	8.8
Africa	565	290	280	11.7	12.4	11.2
Algeria	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	120	60	60	2.5	2.6	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	35	15	15	0.7	0.6	0.6
Morocco	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Nigeria	145	80	65	3.0	3.4	2.6
Somalia	55	35	25	1.1	1.5	1.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	25	1.1	1.1	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	45	55	2.0	1.9	2.2
Asia	3,135	1,510	1,625	64.8	64.5	65.0
Afghanistan	70	30	35	1.4	1.3	1.4
Bangladesh	40	25	15	0.8	1.1	0.6
China⁹⁰	265	105	160	5.5	4.5	6.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	770	415	350	15.9	17.7	14.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	210	110	100	4.3	4.7	4.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	20	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	25	0.7	0.6	1.0
Lebanon	60	15	40	1.2	0.6	1.6
Nepal	25	15	15	0.5	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	245	115	130	5.1	4.9	5.2
Philippines	520	205	320	10.8	8.8	12.8
Saudi Arabia	40	30	10	0.8	1.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	385	165	220	8.0	7.1	8.8
Turkey	80	50	30	1.7	2.1	1.2
United Arab Emirates	60	30	25	1.2	1.3	1.0
Viet Nam	110	50	60	2.3	2.1	2.4
Other places of birth in Asia	160	100	65	3.3	4.3	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Australia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,840	56,795	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	46,930	22,500	24,430	40.5	39.6	41.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	33,395	16,610	16,790	28.8	29.2	28.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,515	17,685	17,830	30.7	31.1	30.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	32,860	15,710	17,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	16,670	8,530	8,140	50.7	54.3	47.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,905	4,290	2,610	21.0	27.3	15.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,765	4,235	5,535	29.7	27.0	32.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,355	3,540	5,815	28.5	22.5	33.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,410	3,440	2,970	19.5	21.9	17.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	425	200	220	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	32,860	15,710	17,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,240	1,215	1,025	6.8	7.7	6.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,815	1,250	1,565	8.6	8.0	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	745	340	405	2.3	2.2	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,345	670	675	4.1	4.3	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	275	90	185	0.8	0.6	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25,445	12,145	13,300	77.4	77.3	77.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,840	56,795	59,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	40,550	19,625	20,930	35.0	34.6	35.4
South Asian	11,720	6,015	5,705	10.1	10.6	9.7
Chinese	5,885	2,775	3,105	5.1	4.9	5.3
Black	5,660	2,730	2,930	4.9	4.8	5.0
Filipino	3,770	1,605	2,165	3.3	2.8	3.7
Arab	3,845	1,960	1,885	3.3	3.5	3.2
Latin American	2,170	955	1,215	1.9	1.7	2.1
Southeast Asian	1,795	815	980	1.5	1.4	1.7
West Asian	1,335	715	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
Korean	1,020	430	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Japanese	405	180	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	920	450	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	2,030	1,000	1,030	1.8	1.8	1.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	75,285	37,165	38,120	65.0	65.4	64.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,840	56,790	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,570	5,350	5,215	9.1	9.4	8.8
English	16,145	7,915	8,230	13.9	13.9	13.9
Irish	14,110	6,930	7,175	12.2	12.2	12.2
Scottish	12,955	6,270	6,685	11.2	11.0	11.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,150	2,490	2,660	4.4	4.4	4.5
German	6,925	3,405	3,520	6.0	6.0	6.0
Chinese	6,345	2,930	3,415	5.5	5.2	5.8
Italian	9,805	5,035	4,775	8.5	8.9	8.1
Indian (India)	6,675	3,365	3,315	5.8	5.9	5.6
Ukrainian	4,515	2,160	2,350	3.9	3.8	4.0
Dutch	2,080	1,005	1,070	1.8	1.8	1.8
Polish	9,245	4,460	4,785	8.0	7.9	8.1
Québécois	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,275	2,080	2,195	3.7	3.7	3.7
Filipino	3,740	1,600	2,135	3.2	2.8	3.6
French Canadian	970	465	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,405	735	670	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	390	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	420	235	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,645	785	855	1.4	1.4	1.4
Russian	1,775	765	1,010	1.5	1.3	1.7
Norwegian	500	245	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	1,420	650	770	1.2	1.1	1.3
Portuguese	5,180	2,540	2,640	4.5	4.5	4.5
American	1,100	530	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
Spanish	1,555	680	870	1.3	1.2	1.5
Swedish	620	330	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hungarian	1,275	565	700	1.1	1.0	1.2
Acadian	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	2,765	1,460	1,300	2.4	2.6	2.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,040	490	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	665	335	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	635	290	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	1,465	675	790	1.3	1.2	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,560	805	750	1.3	1.4	1.3
Greek	1,225	615	610	1.1	1.1	1.0
Jamaican	1,815	860	955	1.6	1.5	1.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	790	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	1,090	465	630	0.9	0.8	1.1
Romanian	915	435	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	650	320	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian	675	375	300	0.6	0.7	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	795	420	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
Danish	515	270	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	660	335	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	755	390	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mexican	370	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	420	195	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finnish	360	200	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	475	255	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	1,520	865	660	1.3	1.5	1.1
Japanese	535	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	825	430	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	520	265	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	705	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	160	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombian	570	300	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	490	215	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Syrian	645	310	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Guyanese	735	360	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afghan	575	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	445	170	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbian	955	440	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Ojibway	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	250	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	640	330	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Turkish	755	420	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algerian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	420	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	325	140	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	670	375	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Salvadorean	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	450	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	405	230	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	415	155	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	375	220	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lithuanian	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
South African	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	435	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chilean	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	285	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Yoruba	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	810	400	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Maltese	690	365	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Macedonian	435	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slovenian	875	445	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	290	140	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	265	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
African American	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cuban	190	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Venezuelan	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sinhalese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mayan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tajik	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amhara	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,840	56,795	59,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,310	605	710	1.1	1.1	1.2
Christian	67,820	31,790	36,030	58.5	56.0	61.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,965	3,690	4,270	6.9	6.5	7.2
Anabaptist	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,500	2,055	2,440	3.9	3.6	4.1
Baptist	1,145	525	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catholic	40,285	19,235	21,050	34.8	33.9	35.6
Christian Orthodox	4,215	1,980	2,235	3.6	3.5	3.8
Jehovah's Witness	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	690	330	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	910	395	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	1,640	700	940	1.4	1.2	1.6
Reformed	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,795	1,625	2,170	3.3	2.9	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,875	880	995	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	3,550	1,805	1,740	3.1	3.2	2.9
Jewish	440	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	10,325	5,265	5,055	8.9	9.3	8.6
Sikh	1,050	505	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	775	330	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	30,550	16,260	14,285	26.4	28.6	24.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,785	56,235	58,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,875	50,760	53,115	90.5	90.3	90.7
Movers	10,915	5,470	5,440	9.5	9.7	9.3
Non-migrants	6,280	3,155	3,120	5.5	5.6	5.3
Migrants	4,630	2,315	2,315	4.0	4.1	4.0
Internal migrants	3,665	1,810	1,860	3.2	3.2	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,430	1,695	1,735	3.0	3.0	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	965	510	455	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,510	54,100	56,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	74,820	36,335	38,485	67.7	67.2	68.2
Movers	35,685	17,755	17,925	32.3	32.8	31.8
Non-migrants	16,295	8,020	8,275	14.7	14.8	14.7
Migrants	19,390	9,740	9,650	17.5	18.0	17.1
Internal migrants	14,295	7,200	7,105	12.9	13.3	12.6
Intraprovincial migrants	13,055	6,555	6,500	11.8	12.1	11.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,240	645	595	1.1	1.2	1.1
External migrants	5,095	2,545	2,550	4.6	4.7	4.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,310	47,650	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,055	7,145	6,910	14.3	15.0	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,255	40,500	43,755	85.7	85.0	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,750	30,670	32,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,155	2,980	2,175	8.2	9.7	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,600	27,685	29,910	91.8	90.3	93.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,310	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,035	6,515	6,520	13.3	13.7	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,400	12,025	12,375	24.8	25.2	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,880	29,105	31,765	61.9	61.1	62.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,160	11,970	12,185	24.6	25.1	24.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,150	3,050	1,100	4.2	6.4	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,165	1,450	715	2.2	3.0	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,985	1,600	385	2.0	3.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,270	7,715	9,560	17.6	16.2	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,735	1,200	1,535	2.8	2.5	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	36,720	17,140	19,580	37.4	36.0	38.6
Bachelor's degree	23,620	10,610	13,015	24.0	22.3	25.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,530	1,065	1,465	2.6	2.2	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,145	610	540	1.2	1.3	1.1
Master's degree	8,360	4,215	4,145	8.5	8.8	8.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,060	645	425	1.1	1.4	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,755	30,670	32,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,540	2,635	1,910	7.2	8.6	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,760	6,810	5,950	20.3	22.2	18.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,450	21,230	24,225	72.4	69.2	75.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,880	8,220	8,660	26.9	26.8	27.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,525	1,835	690	4.0	6.0	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,340	890	450	2.1	2.9	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180	950	235	1.9	3.1	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,655	5,620	7,035	20.2	18.3	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,705	765	935	2.7	2.5	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,570	13,005	15,570	45.5	42.4	48.5
Bachelor's degree	18,245	8,040	10,200	29.1	26.2	31.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,900	755	1,140	3.0	2.5	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	895	460	430	1.4	1.5	1.3
Master's degree	6,775	3,355	3,420	10.8	10.9	10.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	765	390	370	1.2	1.3	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,315	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,435	18,540	18,895	38.1	38.9	37.3
Education	3,285	530	2,755	3.3	1.1	5.4
13. Education	3,285	530	2,755	3.3	1.1	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,545	945	1,600	2.6	2.0	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	185	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,290	765	1,525	2.3	1.6	3.0
Humanities	3,500	1,035	2,470	3.6	2.2	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	70	340	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	980	235	745	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	275	750	1.0	0.6	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	485	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	15	130	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,095	3,220	5,880	9.3	6.8	11.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,180	445	735	1.2	0.9	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,110	50	1,060	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,505	595	915	1.5	1.2	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	185	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,360	325	1,030	1.4	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	3,690	1,725	1,965	3.8	3.6	3.9
Business, management and public administration	15,425	7,255	8,160	15.7	15.2	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	835	190	645	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,570	7,055	7,515	14.8	14.8	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,100	1,460	1,640	3.2	3.1	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,265	515	755	1.3	1.1	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	825	380	445	0.8	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	800	515	290	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,185	2,080	1,110	3.2	4.4	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,290	1,655	635	2.3	3.5	1.3
25. Library science	125	10	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	660	345	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,460	9,040	1,425	10.6	19.0	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	660	440	220	0.7	0.9	0.4
14. Engineering	4,245	3,405	845	4.3	7.1	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,085	1,815	270	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,485	1,440	45	1.5	3.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,350	1,340	15	1.4	2.8	0.0
48. Precision production	620	600	25	0.6	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	450	375	0.8	0.9	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	305	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	6,980	1,840	5,145	7.1	3.9	10.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	775	390	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,910	1,265	4,645	6.0	2.7	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,440	1,235	1,205	2.5	2.6	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	455	895	1.4	1.0	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	715	450	270	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	305	40	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,755	30,665	32,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,300	9,440	7,860	27.6	30.8	24.5
Education	2,215	355	1,860	3.5	1.2	5.8
13. Education	2,215	355	1,860	3.5	1.2	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,040	705	1,340	3.3	2.3	4.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,870	590	1,280	3.0	1.9	4.0
Humanities	2,565	765	1,795	4.1	2.5	5.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	40	235	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	755	200	555	1.2	0.7	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	220	545	1.2	0.7	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	365	195	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,200	2,475	4,735	11.5	8.1	14.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	995	375	620	1.6	1.2	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	835	40	795	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,240	450	790	2.0	1.5	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,065	240	825	1.7	0.8	2.6
45. Social sciences	2,885	1,310	1,575	4.6	4.3	4.9
Business, management and public administration	12,090	5,570	6,515	19.3	18.2	20.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	140	500	1.0	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,425	5,415	6,010	18.2	17.7	18.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,010	890	1,120	3.2	2.9	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	855	335	520	1.4	1.1	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	550	255	295	0.9	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	460	280	185	0.7	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,565	1,735	830	4.1	5.7	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,945	1,440	500	3.1	4.7	1.6
25. Library science	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	455	230	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,265	6,105	1,160	11.6	19.9	3.6
04. Architecture and related services	485	325	160	0.8	1.1	0.5
14. Engineering	3,145	2,425	720	5.0	7.9	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,395	1,170	225	2.2	3.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	985	945	45	1.6	3.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	895	895	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
48. Precision production	355	340	15	0.6	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	595	320	275	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	205	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,145	1,420	3,725	8.2	4.6	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	595	315	280	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,335	970	3,360	6.9	3.2	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	130	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,745	875	865	2.8	2.9	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	970	330	640	1.5	1.1	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	355	210	0.9	1.2	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	205	180	25	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,755	30,665	32,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,300	9,440	7,860	27.6	30.8	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,450	21,225	24,225	72.4	69.2	75.5
Location of study inside Canada	33,055	15,470	17,590	52.7	50.4	54.8
Same as province or territory of residence	30,565	14,265	16,300	48.7	46.5	50.8
Different than province or territory of residence	2,490	1,195	1,295	4.0	3.9	4.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	12,395	5,760	6,635	19.8	18.8	20.7
Americas	2,210	1,050	1,160	3.5	3.4	3.6
United States of America	1,465	735	730	2.3	2.4	2.3
Mexico	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	155	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Peru	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	225	130	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Europe	3,535	1,735	1,800	5.6	5.7	5.6
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	870	385	485	1.4	1.3	1.5
Romania	210	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	260	90	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ukraine	410	195	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	660	375	285	1.1	1.2	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Europe	565	280	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Africa	675	310	360	1.1	1.0	1.1
Nigeria	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	90	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	200	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Asia	5,765	2,570	3,195	9.2	8.4	10.0
Iran⁸⁸	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraq	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	970	430	540	1.5	1.4	1.7
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	160	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Philippines	1,065	360	705	1.7	1.2	2.2
Viet Nam	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	1,465	710	755	2.3	2.3	2.4
Pakistan	795	380	415	1.3	1.2	1.3
Other locations of study in Asia	415	190	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Oceania	205	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australia	185	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	98,310	47,645	50,665	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,420	32,520	29,900	...	...	...
Employed	54,750	28,855	25,895	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,670	3,665	4,010	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,895	15,125	20,760	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	68.3	59.0	63.5	68.3	59.0
Employment rate	55.7	60.6	51.1	55.7	60.6	51.1
Unemployment rate	12.3	11.3	13.4	12.3	11.3	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	98,315	47,645	50,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,210	15,530	20,675	36.8	32.6	40.8
Worked	62,100	32,110	29,990	63.2	67.4	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,090	19,370	15,720	35.7	40.7	31.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,010	12,745	14,265	27.5	26.7	28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.9	40.2	41.1	41.9	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,420	32,520	29,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,840	895	945	2.9	2.8	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,585	31,630	28,955	97.1	97.3	96.8
Employee	49,315	24,430	24,885	79.0	75.1	83.2
Permanent position	42,460	21,175	21,280	68.0	65.1	71.2
Temporary position	6,855	3,250	3,605	11.0	10.0	12.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,250	1,065	1,185	3.6	3.3	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,605	2,190	2,415	7.4	6.7	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,270	7,200	4,075	18.1	22.1	13.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,420	32,520	29,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,840	895	945	2.9	2.8	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,585	31,630	28,955	97.1	97.3	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,690	1,230	460	2.7	3.8	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,805	4,805	8,995	22.1	14.8	30.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,925	4,430	1,500	9.5	13.6	5.0
3 Health occupations	3,885	1,090	2,795	6.2	3.4	9.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,550	2,100	4,450	10.5	6.5	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,170	990	1,180	3.5	3.0	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	14,655	6,845	7,805	23.5	21.0	26.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,130	8,205	925	14.6	25.2	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	600	505	100	1.0	1.6	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,170	1,430	745	3.5	4.4	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,420	32,520	29,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,840	895	945	2.9	2.8	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	60,585	31,630	28,955	97.1	97.3	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
22 Utilities	345	235	110	0.6	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	4,350	3,745	605	7.0	11.5	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	4,850	3,305	1,545	7.8	10.2	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	3,125	1,840	1,285	5.0	5.7	4.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,460	3,185	3,275	10.3	9.8	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,350	2,265	1,085	5.4	7.0	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,725	1,025	700	2.8	3.2	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	4,950	2,480	2,475	7.9	7.6	8.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,995	1,020	980	3.2	3.1	3.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,685	4,285	3,405	12.3	13.2	11.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	290	130	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,540	1,455	1,080	4.1	4.5	3.6
61 Educational services	4,265	1,145	3,120	6.8	3.5	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	6,035	1,415	4,615	9.7	4.4	15.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,150	635	515	1.8	2.0	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,740	1,235	1,505	4.4	3.8	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,245	985	1,255	3.6	3.0	4.2
91 Public administration	2,185	1,055	1,125	3.5	3.2	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,725	34,465	32,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,990	32,285	29,710	92.9	93.7	92.1
French	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	435	205	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	435	205	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	1,155	375	780	1.7	1.1	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,855	1,500	1,350	4.3	4.4	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,725	34,465	32,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,985	34,125	31,865	98.9	99.0	98.8
Official languages	65,130	33,760	31,370	97.6	98.0	97.2
English	64,865	33,700	31,160	97.2	97.8	96.6
French	265	55	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	860	365	495	1.3	1.1	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	860	365	495	1.3	1.1	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	435	190	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	95	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	230	95	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	740	345	400	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	175	30	150	0.3	0.1	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	540	310	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,725	34,465	32,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,260	32,845	30,415	94.8	95.3	94.3
English	475	150	320	0.7	0.4	1.0
French	870	330	535	1.3	1.0	1.7
Non-official language	1,740	925	815	2.6	2.7	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,740	925	815	2.6	2.7	2.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	155	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,750	28,855	25,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	20,240	9,400	10,840	37.0	32.6	41.9
Worked outside Canada	230	170	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
No fixed workplace address	5,945	4,620	1,320	10.9	16.0	5.1
Usual place of work	28,335	14,665	13,670	51.8	50.8	52.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,335	14,665	13,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,005	7,665	8,345	56.5	52.3	61.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,280	820	465	4.5	5.6	3.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,000	6,160	4,840	38.8	42.0	35.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,280	19,285	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,415	16,870	11,545	82.9	87.5	77.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,760	15,925	9,835	75.1	82.6	65.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,655	945	1,715	7.7	4.9	11.4
Public transit	3,255	1,395	1,860	9.5	7.2	12.4
Walked	1,510	555	950	4.4	2.9	6.3
Bicycle	185	130	55	0.5	0.7	0.4
Other method	920	335	580	2.7	1.7	3.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,280	19,285	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,385	3,390	3,990	21.5	17.6	26.6
15 to 29 minutes	12,550	6,910	5,635	36.6	35.8	37.6
30 to 44 minutes	8,520	5,375	3,145	24.9	27.9	21.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,835	1,775	1,060	8.3	9.2	7.1
60 minutes and over	2,995	1,830	1,160	8.7	9.5	7.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,280	19,285	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,155	1,700	455	6.3	8.8	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,150	3,390	1,765	15.0	17.6	11.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,165	4,455	3,705	23.8	23.1	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,830	4,065	3,765	22.8	21.1	25.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,940	2,920	3,015	17.3	15.1	20.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,040	2,755	2,295	14.7	14.3	15.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,140	11,455	10,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,115	1,105	1,010	9.6	9.6	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,030	10,350	9,675	90.5	90.4	90.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,445	8,475	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,635	860	775	9.9	10.1	9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,000	530	475	6.1	6.3	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	625	325	300	3.8	3.8	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,810	7,620	7,195	90.1	89.9	90.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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