Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Beaches--East YorkMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	109,359	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	109,468	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.1	...	...	- 0.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,749	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,722	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6,531.2	...	...	6,531.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,360	52,955	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,685	9,560	9,120	17.1	18.1	16.2
0 to 4 years	6,095	3,095	3,000	5.6	5.8	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,450	3,330	3,115	5.9	6.3	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,140	3,130	3,005	5.6	5.9	5.3
15 to 64 years	73,965	36,040	37,925	67.6	68.1	67.2
15 to 19 years	5,565	2,845	2,715	5.1	5.4	4.8
20 to 24 years	5,255	2,710	2,545	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,060	2,975	3,085	5.5	5.6	5.5
30 to 34 years	7,780	3,720	4,055	7.1	7.0	7.2
35 to 39 years	8,855	4,315	4,540	8.1	8.1	8.0
40 to 44 years	8,790	4,160	4,625	8.0	7.9	8.2
45 to 49 years	8,165	3,895	4,265	7.5	7.4	7.6
50 to 54 years	8,100	3,890	4,210	7.4	7.3	7.5
55 to 59 years	8,160	4,010	4,150	7.5	7.6	7.4
60 to 64 years	7,245	3,515	3,730	6.6	6.6	6.6
65 years and over	16,710	7,350	9,360	15.3	13.9	16.6
65 to 69 years	5,910	2,660	3,250	5.4	5.0	5.8
70 to 74 years	4,425	2,120	2,300	4.0	4.0	4.1
75 to 79 years	2,750	1,220	1,530	2.5	2.3	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,770	730	1,045	1.6	1.4	1.9
85 years and over	1,855	620	1,235	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,135	435	690	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	555	150	405	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	150	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	18.1	16.2	17.1	18.1	16.2
15 to 64 years	67.6	68.1	67.2	67.6	68.1	67.2
65 years and over	15.3	13.9	16.6	15.3	13.9	16.6
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	40.8	39.8	41.7	40.8	39.8	41.7
Median age of the population	41.2	40.4	42.4	41.2	40.4	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,795	...	...	28.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,615	...	...	14.5	...	...
Row house	1,725	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,265	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,765	...	...	23.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,435	...	...	25.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,585	...	...	31.9	...	...
2 persons	13,540	...	...	29.6	...	...
3 persons	7,585	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	7,095	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,920	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,545	52,680	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	90,675	43,395	47,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,030	24,625	24,405	54.1	56.7	51.6
Married	40,075	20,120	19,955	44.2	46.4	42.2
Living common-law	8,955	4,505	4,455	9.9	10.4	9.4
Living common law - Never married	6,950	3,460	3,485	7.7	8.0	7.4
Living common law - Separated	265	155	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,645	845	800	1.8	1.9	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	41,645	18,765	22,880	45.9	43.2	48.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,570	14,550	14,020	31.5	33.5	29.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,715	1,120	1,600	3.0	2.6	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,525	2,325	4,200	7.2	5.4	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,830	775	3,055	4.2	1.8	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,585	...	...	45.9	...	...
3 persons	7,255	...	...	24.5	...	...
4 persons	6,755	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,000	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,885	...	...	80.7	...	...
Married couples	19,410	...	...	65.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,485	...	...	42.2	...	...
Without children	6,925	...	...	23.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,470	...	...	15.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,450	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	3,025	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,710	...	...	19.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,695	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,015	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,545	52,680	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,435	42,230	44,205	79.6	80.2	79.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,770	23,915	23,855	44.0	45.4	42.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,705	1,015	4,690	5.3	1.9	8.4
Children⁶	32,965	17,300	15,660	30.4	32.8	28.0
In a two-parent family	24,560	12,730	11,830	22.6	24.2	21.2
In a one-parent family	8,400	4,575	3,830	7.7	8.7	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,110	10,445	11,665	20.4	19.8	20.9
Living alone	14,585	6,495	8,085	13.4	12.3	14.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,610	1,060	1,550	2.4	2.0	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,920	2,890	2,025	4.5	5.5	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,415	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	21,785	...	...	47.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,840	...	...	28.1	...	...
Without children	8,945	...	...	19.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,635	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	995	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,270	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,235	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	14,585	...	...	31.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,915	43,140	46,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,990	41,165	44,825	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	46,800	42,000	44,000	46,800	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,045	41,190	44,850	95.7	95.5	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	41,600	38,400	39,600	41,600	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,385	36,525	38,860	83.8	84.7	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,600	38,800	42,800	47,600	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,240	31,365	31,875	70.3	72.7	68.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,000	42,400	46,000	50,000	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,635	35,900	40,735	85.2	83.2	87.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,750	9,700	8,500	6,750	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,935	3,335	4,600	8.8	7.7	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,720	6,000	5,920	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,955	12,755	13,200	28.9	29.6	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,815	43,095	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,815	41,115	44,700	95.5	95.4	95.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,500	79,800	60,100	69,500	79,800	60,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,840	41,125	44,715	95.6	95.4	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	59,850	49,000	54,200	59,850	49,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,210	36,460	38,745	83.7	84.6	82.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,700	80,700	57,450	68,700	80,700	57,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,150	31,325	31,825	70.3	72.7	68.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,000	82,500	59,700	71,000	82,500	59,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,530	36,000	40,530	85.2	83.5	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	9,470	11,360	10,470	9,470	11,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,810	3,275	4,535	8.7	7.6	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,230	7,450	6,940	6,230	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,610	12,575	13,035	28.5	29.2	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,170	10,260	10,090	10,170	10,260	10,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,810	43,100	46,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,045	16,815	15,230	35.7	39.0	32.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	84,000	89,000	79,000	84,000	89,000	79,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	111,500	126,800	94,600	111,500	126,800	94,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,990	10,600	12,390	25.6	24.6	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	17,200	17,000	17,000	17,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,520	34,360	30,960	32,520	34,360	30,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.6	89.6	82.8	86.6	89.6	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.2	78.8	70.8	75.2	78.8	70.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.4	10.4	17.1	13.4	10.4	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.2	5.6	4.8	4.2	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.9	4.9	4.4	3.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,915	43,145	46,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,920	1,980	1,945	4.4	4.6	4.2
With total income	85,990	41,160	44,830	95.6	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,175	3,325	3,850	8.3	8.1	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,865	4,680	5,185	11.5	11.4	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,205	6,000	7,205	15.4	14.6	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,510	4,245	5,270	11.1	10.3	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,465	3,365	4,100	8.7	8.2	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,160	2,720	3,445	7.2	6.6	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,125	2,350	2,775	6.0	5.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,340	2,010	2,335	5.0	4.9	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,695	1,825	1,865	4.3	4.4	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,485	1,660	1,825	4.1	4.0	4.1
$100,000 and over	15,960	8,985	6,975	18.6	21.8	15.6
$100,000 to $149,999	8,985	4,545	4,445	10.4	11.0	9.9
$150,000 and over	6,975	4,445	2,530	8.1	10.8	5.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,915	43,145	46,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,870	1,950	1,920	4.3	4.5	4.1
With after-tax income	86,045	41,195	44,855	95.7	95.5	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,500	3,470	4,030	8.7	8.4	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,320	4,930	5,395	12.0	12.0	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,715	6,665	8,045	17.1	16.2	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,790	4,935	5,855	12.5	12.0	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,670	3,860	4,815	10.1	9.4	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,020	3,150	3,870	8.2	7.6	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,600	2,645	2,950	6.5	6.4	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635	2,260	2,380	5.4	5.5	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,340	2,025	2,315	5.0	4.9	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,920	1,470	1,455	3.4	3.6	3.2
$100,000 and over	9,525	5,780	3,745	11.1	14.0	8.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,065	2,225	1,845	4.7	5.4	4.1
$125,000 and over	5,460	3,560	1,900	6.3	8.6	4.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,915	43,145	46,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,680	11,775	14,905	29.7	27.3	31.9
With employment income	63,235	31,365	31,870	70.3	72.7	68.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,190	4,390	4,795	14.5	14.0	15.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,140	2,365	2,775	8.1	7.5	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,265	2,915	3,355	9.9	9.3	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,470	2,110	2,355	7.1	6.7	7.4
$30,000 to $39,999	4,065	1,970	2,095	6.4	6.3	6.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,180	1,945	2,235	6.6	6.2	7.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,930	1,830	2,095	6.2	5.8	6.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,530	1,700	1,825	5.6	5.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,120	1,455	1,670	4.9	4.6	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,915	1,470	1,445	4.6	4.7	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	1,385	1,645	4.8	4.4	5.2
$100,000 and over	13,405	7,825	5,580	21.2	24.9	17.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,900	2,480	2,420	7.7	7.9	7.6
$125,000 and over	8,505	5,340	3,160	13.4	17.0	9.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,915	43,140	46,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,090	40,120	43,970	93.5	93.0	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,000	40,000	42,400	46,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,110	40,130	43,985	93.5	93.0	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,800	36,400	38,400	40,800	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,490	35,915	38,575	82.8	83.3	82.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,200	40,000	44,000	49,200	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,375	31,290	32,085	70.5	72.5	68.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	50,800	43,200	46,800	50,800	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,460	33,425	38,040	79.5	77.5	81.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,580	900	3,100	1,580	900	3,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,925	1,815	3,115	5.5	4.2	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	5,480	7,500	6,650	5,480	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,815	43,095	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,905	40,085	43,820	93.4	93.0	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,200	78,200	57,200	67,200	78,200	57,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,920	40,090	43,830	93.4	93.0	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	58,200	46,320	52,000	58,200	46,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,315	35,920	38,390	82.7	83.4	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,500	82,200	57,700	69,500	82,200	57,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,335	31,305	32,030	70.5	72.6	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,100	83,000	59,400	71,100	83,000	59,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,430	33,420	38,010	79.5	77.5	81.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,630	5,465	7,650	6,630	5,465	7,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,830	1,685	3,145	5.4	3.9	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,540	6,910	9,410	8,540	6,910	9,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,810	43,100	46,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,735	16,640	15,100	35.3	38.6	32.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	79,000	85,000	72,500	79,000	85,000	72,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	105,300	120,300	88,700	105,300	120,300	88,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,845	10,040	11,800	24.3	23.3	25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	25,200	24,400	24,600	25,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,920	44,440	37,920	40,920	44,440	37,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.2	88.4	91.6	94.2	88.4
Employment income (%)	79.8	82.8	76.0	79.8	82.8	76.0
Government transfers (%)	8.4	5.8	11.6	8.4	5.8	11.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,850	...	...	56,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	165,200	...	...	165,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...	127,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	825	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	990	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,080	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,635	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,525	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,440	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,485	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,925	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,775	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	...	...	5.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,380	...	...	5.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,225	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,540	...	...	44.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,375	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,355	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,875	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,935	...	...	17.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,225	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,825	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,705	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,740	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,730	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,535	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,135	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,375	...	...	38.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,635	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,595	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,145	...	...	20.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,505	9,385	10,115	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	35,200	40,000	37,600	35,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	32,800	36,400	34,400	32,800	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	167,000	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	211,600	...	...	211,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,800	...	...	158,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,340	9,300	10,045	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,050	52,100	53,900	53,050	52,100	53,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	42,600	45,080	43,880	42,600	45,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,550	52,680	55,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,025	11,245	10,775	20.3	21.3	19.3
0 to 5 years	7,345	3,700	3,650	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	70,305	34,190	36,115	64.8	64.9	64.6
65 years and over	16,215	7,245	8,970	14.9	13.8	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,785	6,110	6,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,480	1,275	1,205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	755	355	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,650	3,740	3,910	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,660	1,095	1,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.6	12.0	11.8	11.6	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.3	11.2	11.3	11.3	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	9.6	10.9	10.2	9.6	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.8
65 years and over (%)	16.4	15.1	17.4	16.4	15.1	17.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,545	52,680	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,025	11,250	10,780	20.3	21.4	19.3
0 to 5 years	7,350	3,700	3,645	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	70,305	34,190	36,120	64.8	64.9	64.7
65 years and over	16,220	7,245	8,975	14.9	13.8	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,860	4,155	3,700	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,260	650	615	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	365	165	200	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,825	3,125	2,700	...	...	...
65 years and over	780	385	390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.2	7.9	6.6	7.2	7.9	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.4	5.6	5.0	4.4	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	9.1	7.5	8.3	9.1	7.5
65 years and over (%)	4.8	5.3	4.4	4.8	5.3	4.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,550	52,680	55,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,230	22,605	24,625	43.5	42.9	44.1
In bottom decile	11,850	5,940	5,905	10.9	11.3	10.6
In second decile	9,720	4,480	5,240	9.0	8.5	9.4
In third decile	8,885	4,230	4,655	8.2	8.0	8.3
In fourth decile	8,425	3,985	4,440	7.8	7.6	7.9
In fifth decile	8,355	3,965	4,385	7.7	7.5	7.8
In top half of the distribution	61,315	30,075	31,245	56.5	57.1	55.9
In sixth decile	8,210	3,925	4,285	7.6	7.5	7.7
In seventh decile	8,695	4,255	4,435	8.0	8.1	7.9
In eighth decile	10,075	4,905	5,175	9.3	9.3	9.3
In ninth decile	13,095	6,355	6,735	12.1	12.1	12.1
In top decile	21,250	10,635	10,620	19.6	20.2	19.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,545	...	...	108,545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.415	...	...	0.415	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.517	...	...	0.517	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.351	...	...	0.351	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,830	52,725	56,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	93,370	46,180	47,190	85.8	87.6	84.1
French only	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	13,445	5,755	7,690	12.4	10.9	13.7
Neither English nor French	1,910	740	1,175	1.8	1.4	2.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,830	52,725	56,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,145	50,685	53,465	95.7	96.1	95.3
French	2,120	1,005	1,120	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	685	315	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	1,870	720	1,155	1.7	1.4	2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,830	52,725	56,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,230	50,120	53,115	94.9	95.1	94.7
Official languages	75,800	37,325	38,475	69.6	70.8	68.6
English	73,850	36,410	37,440	67.9	69.1	66.7
French	1,950	910	1,035	1.8	1.7	1.8
Non-official languages	27,435	12,795	14,640	25.2	24.3	26.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,410	12,785	14,625	25.2	24.2	26.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,930	1,000	935	1.8	1.9	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,815	935	875	1.7	1.8	1.6
Amharic	630	295	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arabic	680	400	280	0.6	0.8	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	395	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	285	110	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	275	110	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,860	675	1,185	1.7	1.3	2.1
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,560	570	995	1.4	1.1	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	940	520	420	0.9	1.0	0.7
Kannada	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	565	290	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Telugu	255	160	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,645	8,005	8,645	15.3	15.2	15.4
Albanian	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,585	1,090	1,495	2.4	2.1	2.7
Baltic languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,520	1,060	1,455	2.3	2.0	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	405	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	545	200	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	670	295	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bosnian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	185	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	405	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	910	425	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	265	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	575	255	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,810	860	950	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indo-Iranian languages	6,960	3,580	3,380	6.4	6.8	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,985	3,100	2,885	5.5	5.9	5.1
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	3,090	1,615	1,475	2.8	3.1	2.6
Gujarati	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,275	675	600	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	970	475	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	800	385	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,955	1,840	2,115	3.6	3.5	3.8
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,060	510	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	760	335	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,700	785	910	1.6	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	290	90	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	450	180	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,610	1,555	2,050	3.3	2.9	3.7
Chinese languages	3,530	1,520	2,010	3.2	2.9	3.6
Hakka	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	945	400	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,375	1,035	1,345	2.2	2.0	2.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	330	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	510	215	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,595	2,605	2,990	5.1	4.9	5.3
English and French	760	335	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	4,180	1,980	2,205	3.8	3.8	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	420	180	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,830	52,725	56,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,270	37,965	39,300	71.0	72.0	70.0
French	515	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	6,885	3,170	3,715	6.3	6.0	6.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,880	3,170	3,715	6.3	6.0	6.6
English and French	2,255	1,010	1,245	2.1	1.9	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	20,100	9,575	10,525	18.5	18.2	18.8
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010	415	600	0.9	0.8	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	715	305	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,830	52,725	56,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,540	50,220	53,320	95.1	95.2	95.0
Official languages	89,450	43,570	45,880	82.2	82.6	81.8
English	88,495	43,115	45,385	81.3	81.8	80.9
French	955	455	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	14,090	6,655	7,435	12.9	12.6	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,085	6,650	7,435	12.9	12.6	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,040	495	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	985	470	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	375	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arabic	370	195	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	960	390	565	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	830	340	490	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	635	350	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	160	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,280	3,975	4,310	7.6	7.5	7.7
Albanian	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,005	445	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	990	440	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Polish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	260	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	690	305	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indo-Iranian languages	4,630	2,320	2,315	4.3	4.4	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages	4,060	2,045	2,020	3.7	3.9	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,220	1,120	1,095	2.0	2.1	2.0
Gujarati	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	865	440	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	570	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,640	745	900	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	315	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	325	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	815	385	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,045	940	1,105	1.9	1.8	2.0
Chinese languages	2,010	925	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	580	280	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,335	595	740	1.2	1.1	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,290	2,505	2,785	4.9	4.8	5.0
English and French	410	185	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	4,655	2,215	2,440	4.3	4.2	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,830	52,725	56,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	88,965	43,425	45,535	81.7	82.4	81.2
English	6,005	2,915	3,085	5.5	5.5	5.5
French	1,720	750	970	1.6	1.4	1.7
Non-official language	9,445	4,385	5,055	8.7	8.3	9.0
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,410	4,375	5,040	8.6	8.3	9.0
English and French	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	835	420	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	505	190	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,230	575	655	1.1	1.1	1.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,730	51,985	54,750	98.4	98.8	98.0
English	106,620	51,930	54,685	98.3	98.7	97.9
French	13,615	5,575	8,035	12.5	10.6	14.4
Non-official languages	39,085	18,225	20,855	36.0	34.6	37.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	39,025	18,210	20,815	36.0	34.6	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,075	1,525	1,555	2.8	2.9	2.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,875	1,430	1,445	2.6	2.7	2.6
Amharic	1,110	540	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Arabic	1,080	570	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hebrew	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	725	365	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	400	145	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	390	145	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,980	1,135	1,845	2.7	2.2	3.3
Bikol	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	370	115	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indonesian	90	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,770	1,030	1,740	2.6	2.0	3.1
Waray-Waray	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,445	760	690	1.3	1.4	1.2
Kannada	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	225	135	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	845	410	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Telugu	455	255	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tulu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,260	12,090	13,165	23.3	23.0	23.6
Albanian	485	250	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Armenian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,125	1,350	1,775	2.9	2.6	3.2
Baltic languages	90	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,035	1,325	1,705	2.8	2.5	3.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Polish	350	145	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	880	355	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	895	415	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bosnian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	325	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	650	295	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,145	955	1,190	2.0	1.8	2.1
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,590	715	880	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	1,560	700	860	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	170	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	2,630	1,270	1,365	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indo-Iranian languages	10,185	5,200	4,980	9.4	9.9	8.9
Indo-Aryan languages	9,070	4,670	4,400	8.4	8.9	7.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	4,230	2,140	2,080	3.9	4.1	3.7
Gujarati	650	285	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hindi	2,805	1,455	1,345	2.6	2.8	2.4
Kacchi	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Marathi	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nepali	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	865	520	345	0.8	1.0	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,615	1,390	1,225	2.4	2.6	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,230	580	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,075	500	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
Dari	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	545	230	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,680	3,510	4,165	7.1	6.7	7.5
Catalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,085	955	1,130	1.9	1.8	2.0
Portuguese	1,145	550	595	1.1	1.0	1.1
Romanian	510	275	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	4,405	1,970	2,435	4.1	3.7	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	595	255	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korean	555	220	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	805	400	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Akan (Twi)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,305	1,985	2,320	4.0	3.8	4.2
Chinese languages	4,215	1,945	2,270	3.9	3.7	4.1
Hakka	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	1,805	820	980	1.7	1.6	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,910	1,320	1,585	2.7	2.5	2.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	765	335	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Estonian	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	500	235	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,980	840	1,135	1.8	1.6	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,880	790	1,090	1.7	1.5	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,255	510	745	1.2	1.0	1.3
Métis	615	270	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,520	51,800	54,725	98.2	98.4	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	730	285	450	0.7	0.5	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,770	52,355	55,410	99.3	99.5	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,515	...	...	55.8	...	...
Renter	20,190	...	...	44.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,135	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not condominium	40,570	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,285	...	...	2.8	...	...
1 bedroom	11,295	...	...	24.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,935	...	...	26.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,550	...	...	31.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,635	...	...	14.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,550	...	...	42.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,160	...	...	13.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,810	...	...	12.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,460	...	...	11.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,725	...	...	19.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,695	...	...	95.6	...	...
More than one person per room	2,005	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,080	...	...	89.9	...	...
Not suitable	4,625	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	25,265	...	...	55.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,750	...	...	23.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,385	...	...	5.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,665	...	...	5.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,325	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	935	...	...	2.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	960	...	...	2.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,405	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,990	...	...	91.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,710	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,330	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,420	...	...	42.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,955	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	530	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,360	...	...	11.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,535	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,515	...	...	20.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,820	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,690	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,985	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,265	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,095	...	...	72.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,400	...	...	27.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,085	...	...	24.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,935	...	...	39.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,130	...	...	22.2	...	...
Not suitable only	3,015	...	...	6.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,075	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,080	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,115	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	445	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,765	...	...	60.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,075	...	...	18.3	...	...
Not in core need	36,100	...	...	81.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.2	...	...	61.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880	...	...	1,880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,168	...	...	2,168	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,187,000	...	...	1,187,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.7	...	...	38.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	32.5	...	...	32.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	490	195	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	490	190	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	405	140	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Métis single ancestry	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,200	955	1,250	2.0	1.8	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,155	935	1,220	2.0	1.8	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,645	705	940	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	505	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,805	51,485	54,315	97.5	97.8	97.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,500	52,645	55,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,060	46,795	50,260	89.5	88.9	90.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,775	10,555	10,220	19.1	20.0	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,285	36,240	40,040	70.3	68.8	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,440	5,840	5,600	10.5	11.1	10.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,500	52,645	55,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	71,210	34,760	36,450	65.6	66.0	65.3
Immigrants⁸¹	34,420	16,320	18,105	31.7	31.0	32.4
Before 1980	8,020	3,635	4,385	7.4	6.9	7.9
1980 to 1990	3,955	1,865	2,090	3.6	3.5	3.7
1991 to 2000	6,360	2,915	3,440	5.9	5.5	6.2
2001 to 2010	7,045	3,390	3,655	6.5	6.4	6.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,040	4,510	4,530	8.3	8.6	8.1
2011 to 2015	3,855	1,860	1,995	3.6	3.5	3.6
2016 to 2021	5,185	2,650	2,535	4.8	5.0	4.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,870	1,560	1,310	2.6	3.0	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	34,420	16,320	18,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,340	1,625	1,715	9.7	10.0	9.5
5 to 14 years	5,740	2,830	2,910	16.7	17.3	16.1
15 to 24 years	6,465	3,020	3,440	18.8	18.5	19.0
25 to 44 years	16,235	7,580	8,655	47.2	46.4	47.8
45 years and over	2,645	1,265	1,385	7.7	7.8	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	34,420	16,320	18,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,915	2,750	3,170	17.2	16.9	17.5
Brazil	240	115	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	150	75	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	125	60	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	505	205	300	1.5	1.3	1.7
Haiti	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	895	420	470	2.6	2.6	2.6
Mexico	255	120	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Peru	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	630	295	340	1.8	1.8	1.9
United States of America	1,500	740	760	4.4	4.5	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	1,470	665	800	4.3	4.1	4.4
Europe	9,510	4,535	4,980	27.6	27.8	27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	275	120	155	0.8	0.7	0.9
Croatia	225	110	110	0.7	0.7	0.6
France	280	145	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Germany	435	205	225	1.3	1.3	1.2
Greece	1,085	495	585	3.2	3.0	3.2
Hungary	245	125	120	0.7	0.8	0.7
Italy	785	350	435	2.3	2.1	2.4
Netherlands	160	70	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Poland	205	80	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portugal	280	120	155	0.8	0.7	0.9
Romania	390	200	185	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian Federation	295	85	210	0.9	0.5	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	190	100	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	155	60	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,725	1,435	1,290	7.9	8.8	7.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,795	830	970	5.2	5.1	5.4
Africa	3,310	1,660	1,655	9.6	10.2	9.1
Algeria	50	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	125	55	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eritrea	535	260	280	1.6	1.6	1.5
Ethiopia	760	370	385	2.2	2.3	2.1
Morocco	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	150	95	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
Somalia	95	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	280	170	115	0.8	1.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	1,175	580	590	3.4	3.6	3.3
Asia	15,455	7,245	8,210	44.9	44.4	45.4
Afghanistan	395	210	185	1.1	1.3	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	550	260	285	1.6	1.6	1.6
Iraq	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	95	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	235	115	115	0.7	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,725	770	955	5.0	4.7	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	610	260	355	1.8	1.6	2.0
Korea, South⁹²	360	125	230	1.0	0.8	1.3
Taiwan	155	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Philippines	2,710	1,050	1,655	7.9	6.4	9.1
Viet Nam	520	210	310	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bangladesh	2,755	1,400	1,360	8.0	8.6	7.5
India	2,025	1,075	955	5.9	6.6	5.3
Pakistan	1,400	730	665	4.1	4.5	3.7
Sri Lanka	415	185	235	1.2	1.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	1,405	675	730	4.1	4.1	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	220	130	90	0.6	0.8	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,185	2,650	2,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	685	340	350	13.2	12.8	13.8
Brazil	60	30	30	1.2	1.1	1.2
Colombia	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	25	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
Mexico	65	35	35	1.3	1.3	1.4
United States of America	255	125	130	4.9	4.7	5.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	200	100	100	3.9	3.8	4.0
Europe	755	385	370	14.6	14.5	14.6
France	55	40	15	1.1	1.5	0.6
Germany	45	25	20	0.9	0.9	0.8
Ireland⁹⁶	70	35	30	1.4	1.3	1.2
Italy	45	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.2
Russian Federation	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
Ukraine	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	195	115	80	3.8	4.3	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	295	135	160	5.7	5.1	6.3
Africa	780	445	335	15.0	16.8	13.2
Algeria	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Burundi	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Cameroon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	245	130	115	4.7	4.9	4.5
Ethiopia	190	110	75	3.7	4.2	3.0
Morocco	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Nigeria	60	30	25	1.2	1.1	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	35	30	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	55	55	2.1	2.1	2.2
Asia	2,940	1,470	1,465	56.7	55.5	57.9
Afghanistan	135	70	65	2.6	2.6	2.6
Bangladesh	635	320	315	12.2	12.1	12.5
China⁹⁰	90	35	55	1.7	1.3	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,000	550	450	19.3	20.8	17.8
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	10	0.7	0.8	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanon	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
Nepal	60	20	40	1.2	0.8	1.6
Pakistan	210	100	110	4.1	3.8	4.3
Philippines	375	170	205	7.2	6.4	8.1
Saudi Arabia	70	30	40	1.4	1.1	1.6
Sri Lanka	30	20	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.8
Turkey	75	30	40	1.4	1.1	1.6
United Arab Emirates	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	35	40	1.4	1.3	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4
Australia	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	38,700	18,530	20,165	35.7	35.2	36.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,595	14,225	15,370	27.3	27.0	27.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	40,210	19,885	20,325	37.1	37.8	36.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	26,395	12,680	13,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,105	6,560	6,540	49.6	51.7	47.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,115	3,355	2,755	23.2	26.5	20.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,990	3,205	3,785	26.5	25.3	27.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,080	3,440	4,635	30.6	27.1	33.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,750	2,460	2,290	18.0	19.4	16.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	465	220	250	1.8	1.7	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	26,395	12,680	13,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,540	1,315	1,225	9.6	10.4	8.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,335	1,630	1,705	12.6	12.9	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	545	255	290	2.1	2.0	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,775	650	1,125	6.7	5.1	8.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	60	110	0.6	0.5	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,030	8,770	9,260	68.3	69.2	67.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	39,220	18,830	20,390	36.1	35.8	36.5
South Asian	12,290	6,285	6,005	11.3	11.9	10.8
Chinese	5,635	2,670	2,965	5.2	5.1	5.3
Black	8,260	4,055	4,205	7.6	7.7	7.5
Filipino	3,565	1,470	2,095	3.3	2.8	3.8
Arab	720	380	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Latin American	2,225	1,060	1,165	2.1	2.0	2.1
Southeast Asian	715	280	435	0.7	0.5	0.8
West Asian	1,260	585	675	1.2	1.1	1.2
Korean	705	300	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Japanese	635	280	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	920	415	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	2,280	1,040	1,240	2.1	2.0	2.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	69,280	33,810	35,465	63.9	64.2	63.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,500	52,640	55,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,625	4,785	4,840	8.9	9.1	8.7
English	21,195	10,575	10,620	19.5	20.1	19.0
Irish	19,325	9,250	10,070	17.8	17.6	18.0
Scottish	18,290	8,800	9,490	16.9	16.7	17.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,975	3,315	3,660	6.4	6.3	6.6
German	7,790	3,795	3,995	7.2	7.2	7.2
Chinese	6,680	3,185	3,495	6.2	6.1	6.3
Italian	6,100	3,060	3,035	5.6	5.8	5.4
Indian (India)	4,735	2,305	2,430	4.4	4.4	4.4
Ukrainian	2,645	1,205	1,440	2.4	2.3	2.6
Dutch	2,870	1,405	1,465	2.6	2.7	2.6
Polish	3,430	1,645	1,790	3.2	3.1	3.2
Québécois	185	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,495	2,595	2,900	5.1	4.9	5.2
Filipino	3,515	1,440	2,080	3.2	2.7	3.7
French Canadian	1,230	525	705	1.1	1.0	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,175	1,070	1,100	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	800	315	480	0.7	0.6	0.9
Métis	640	305	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,840	915	925	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	1,845	715	1,130	1.7	1.4	2.0
Norwegian	730	335	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Welsh	2,020	930	1,090	1.9	1.8	2.0
Portuguese	1,580	755	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
American	1,435	705	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Spanish	1,590	720	865	1.5	1.4	1.5
Swedish	790	370	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hungarian	1,535	695	835	1.4	1.3	1.5
Acadian	395	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistani	1,780	950	835	1.6	1.8	1.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,730	825	905	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jewish	2,035	1,105	930	1.9	2.1	1.7
Punjabi	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	610	275	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	415	250	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Greek	3,875	1,915	1,950	3.6	3.6	3.5
Jamaican	1,730	860	865	1.6	1.6	1.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	695	305	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	810	370	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	870	460	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanese	365	185	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	615	270	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	650	335	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	755	335	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgian	390	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	535	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexican	455	230	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swiss	565	250	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Finnish	695	305	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	555	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatian	505	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	785	330	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,175	635	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	640	355	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Egyptian	300	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	670	365	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tamil	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Icelandic	210	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	185	55	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	655	295	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afghan	500	270	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	870	375	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Serbian	735	355	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ojibway	235	65	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Newfoundlander	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	400	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	685	345	345	0.6	0.7	0.6
Turkish	460	265	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	2,720	1,425	1,300	2.5	2.7	2.3
Algerian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	410	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	210	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	295	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	420	170	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Somali	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwanese	165	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	545	285	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	490	200	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquin	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lithuanian	355	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	120	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	740	365	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	90	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	525	275	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Maltese	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	855	405	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Slovenian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	490	220	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
African Canadian	250	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Israeli	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	395	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
African American	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	840	415	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Cameroonian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	260	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	110	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	310	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kurdish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	160	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nepali	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	125	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nicaraguan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayali	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	50	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Roma	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,500	52,640	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,200	555	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
Christian	47,005	21,500	25,500	43.3	40.8	45.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,610	3,225	3,380	6.1	6.1	6.1
Anabaptist	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,465	1,875	2,590	4.1	3.6	4.6
Baptist	655	300	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catholic	21,650	9,950	11,695	20.0	18.9	20.9
Christian Orthodox	5,725	2,720	3,005	5.3	5.2	5.4
Jehovah's Witness	295	115	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	635	280	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	865	350	520	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	965	450	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Reformed	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	2,935	1,285	1,650	2.7	2.4	3.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,885	815	1,070	1.7	1.5	1.9
Hindu	3,050	1,530	1,520	2.8	2.9	2.7
Jewish	1,820	935	885	1.7	1.8	1.6
Muslim	9,900	5,090	4,810	9.1	9.7	8.6
Sikh	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,180	505	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	44,070	22,410	21,660	40.6	42.6	38.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,395	52,065	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,015	46,520	49,490	89.4	89.3	89.4
Movers	11,380	5,540	5,840	10.6	10.6	10.6
Non-migrants	9,175	4,530	4,645	8.5	8.7	8.4
Migrants	2,205	1,015	1,190	2.1	1.9	2.2
Internal migrants	1,325	630	695	1.2	1.2	1.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,050	485	570	1.0	0.9	1.0
Interprovincial migrants	275	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	875	385	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,460	49,560	52,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,670	33,320	36,345	68.0	67.2	68.7
Movers	32,795	16,235	16,560	32.0	32.8	31.3
Non-migrants	21,175	10,430	10,750	20.7	21.0	20.3
Migrants	11,620	5,815	5,810	11.3	11.7	11.0
Internal migrants	5,320	2,565	2,755	5.2	5.2	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,035	1,920	2,115	3.9	3.9	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,285	635	645	1.3	1.3	1.2
External migrants	6,305	3,250	3,050	6.2	6.6	5.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,815	43,100	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,590	6,220	6,370	14.0	14.4	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,225	36,875	40,345	86.0	85.6	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,840	30,380	32,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,005	2,670	2,335	8.0	8.8	7.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,835	27,700	30,130	92.0	91.2	92.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,815	43,095	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,445	5,595	5,850	12.7	13.0	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,145	10,540	9,610	22.4	24.5	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,225	26,960	31,260	64.8	62.6	66.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,740	9,550	10,195	22.0	22.2	21.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,000	2,050	940	3.3	4.8	2.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,695	1,095	600	1.9	2.5	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,305	960	345	1.5	2.2	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,335	6,360	7,970	16.0	14.8	17.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,415	1,140	1,275	2.7	2.6	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,480	17,410	21,070	42.8	40.4	45.1
Bachelor's degree	24,180	10,825	13,355	26.9	25.1	28.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,365	1,000	1,365	2.6	2.3	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	535	240	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	9,940	4,525	5,415	11.1	10.5	11.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,460	825	630	1.6	1.9	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,835	30,375	32,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,290	2,320	1,975	6.8	7.6	6.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,185	6,255	4,930	17.8	20.6	15.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,370	21,800	25,565	75.4	71.8	78.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,915	7,255	7,660	23.7	23.9	23.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,080	1,410	670	3.3	4.6	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,175	735	435	1.9	2.4	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	905	675	230	1.4	2.2	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,090	5,045	6,050	17.6	16.6	18.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,745	805	940	2.8	2.7	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,450	14,550	17,900	51.6	47.9	55.1
Bachelor's degree	20,205	9,030	11,175	32.2	29.7	34.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,980	815	1,170	3.2	2.7	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	445	195	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	8,660	3,870	4,785	13.8	12.7	14.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,165	635	525	1.9	2.1	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,815	43,095	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,590	16,135	15,455	35.2	37.4	33.1
Education	3,135	765	2,370	3.5	1.8	5.1
13. Education	3,135	765	2,370	3.5	1.8	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,740	2,215	2,520	5.3	5.1	5.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	250	130	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	4,360	1,965	2,395	4.9	4.6	5.1
Humanities	4,950	1,880	3,070	5.5	4.4	6.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	455	100	355	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	1,625	545	1,080	1.8	1.3	2.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,155	370	780	1.3	0.9	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150	40	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	455	260	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	740	420	315	0.8	1.0	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	40	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,165	4,130	7,035	12.4	9.6	15.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	245	45	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,075	910	1,165	2.3	2.1	2.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,070	120	950	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,820	685	1,135	2.0	1.6	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	1,470	335	1,145	1.6	0.8	2.5
45. Social sciences	4,175	1,900	2,275	4.6	4.4	4.9
Business, management and public administration	12,765	5,965	6,790	14.2	13.8	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,205	305	900	1.3	0.7	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,535	5,645	5,885	12.8	13.1	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,720	1,280	1,440	3.0	3.0	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,285	520	765	1.4	1.2	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	230	390	0.7	0.5	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	700	490	210	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,050	2,030	1,020	3.4	4.7	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,310	1,670	640	2.6	3.9	1.4
25. Library science	135	20	120	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	475	270	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,210	5,980	1,230	8.0	13.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	940	610	330	1.0	1.4	0.7
14. Engineering	2,895	2,265	640	3.2	5.3	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,215	1,050	165	1.4	2.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,090	1,050	45	1.2	2.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	735	710	25	0.8	1.6	0.1
48. Precision production	335	300	30	0.4	0.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	400	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435	210	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	5,900	1,455	4,445	6.6	3.4	9.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	800	405	395	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,925	965	3,965	5.5	2.2	8.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,755	845	915	2.0	2.0	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,165	405	760	1.3	0.9	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	240	110	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	180	20	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,840	30,375	32,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,475	8,575	6,900	24.6	28.2	21.3
Education	2,280	535	1,750	3.6	1.8	5.4
13. Education	2,280	535	1,750	3.6	1.8	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,000	1,915	2,085	6.4	6.3	6.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	210	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	3,700	1,705	1,995	5.9	5.6	6.1
Humanities	3,870	1,450	2,425	6.2	4.8	7.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	360	80	280	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,255	410	845	2.0	1.3	2.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	925	295	635	1.5	1.0	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	390	225	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	585	330	255	0.9	1.1	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,310	3,405	5,905	14.8	11.2	18.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	40	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,745	800	945	2.8	2.6	2.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	100	750	1.4	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,615	585	1,030	2.6	1.9	3.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	115	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
42. Psychology	1,145	225	920	1.8	0.7	2.8
45. Social sciences	3,500	1,535	1,965	5.6	5.1	6.1
Business, management and public administration	10,825	5,085	5,740	17.2	16.7	17.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	955	250	710	1.5	0.8	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,850	4,825	5,025	15.7	15.9	15.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,135	975	1,170	3.4	3.2	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,045	415	630	1.7	1.4	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	485	180	305	0.8	0.6	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	530	350	175	0.8	1.2	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,585	1,745	845	4.1	5.7	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,025	1,485	545	3.2	4.9	1.7
25. Library science	95	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	350	175	175	0.6	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,655	4,570	1,080	9.0	15.0	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	745	455	290	1.2	1.5	0.9
14. Engineering	2,475	1,900	575	3.9	6.3	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	915	790	130	1.5	2.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	810	765	45	1.3	2.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	490	465	25	0.8	1.5	0.1
48. Precision production	215	195	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	650	285	365	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330	140	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	145	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	4,670	1,200	3,470	7.4	4.0	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	340	350	1.1	1.1	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,855	805	3,055	6.1	2.7	9.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,370	640	735	2.2	2.1	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	885	285	600	1.4	0.9	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	305	200	105	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	140	15	0.2	0.5	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,840	30,375	32,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,475	8,575	6,900	24.6	28.2	21.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,365	21,800	25,565	75.4	71.8	78.8
Location of study inside Canada	35,715	16,140	19,575	56.8	53.1	60.3
Same as province or territory of residence	31,830	14,245	17,585	50.7	46.9	54.2
Different than province or territory of residence	3,890	1,895	1,995	6.2	6.2	6.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,650	5,660	5,985	18.5	18.6	18.4
Americas	2,500	1,240	1,260	4.0	4.1	3.9
United States of America	1,695	865	830	2.7	2.8	2.6
Mexico	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	225	105	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	225	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Europe	3,160	1,640	1,515	5.0	5.4	4.7
Belgium	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	255	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	230	130	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,275	695	580	2.0	2.3	1.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	510	220	290	0.8	0.7	0.9
Africa	650	360	295	1.0	1.2	0.9
Nigeria	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	410	230	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
Asia	5,040	2,270	2,775	8.0	7.5	8.5
Iran⁸⁸	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
China⁹⁰	305	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	135	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	1,045	345	700	1.7	1.1	2.2
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	1,200	525	670	1.9	1.7	2.1
Sri Lanka	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,285	720	565	2.0	2.4	1.7
Pakistan	405	205	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	300	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	250	135	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,815	43,095	46,720	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,005	29,690	29,315	...	...	...
Employed	51,100	25,755	25,345	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,910	3,940	3,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,805	13,405	17,405	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.7	68.9	62.7	65.7	68.9	62.7
Employment rate	56.9	59.8	54.2	56.9	59.8	54.2
Unemployment rate	13.4	13.3	13.5	13.4	13.3	13.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,815	43,095	46,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,860	14,095	17,765	35.5	32.7	38.0
Worked	57,955	29,005	28,950	64.5	67.3	62.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,880	17,320	15,560	36.6	40.2	33.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,070	11,685	13,390	27.9	27.1	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.4	40.1	40.8	41.4	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,005	29,695	29,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,165	1,070	1,100	3.7	3.6	3.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,840	28,620	28,215	96.3	96.4	96.2
Employee	46,840	23,035	23,805	79.4	77.6	81.2
Permanent position	39,515	19,580	19,935	67.0	65.9	68.0
Temporary position	7,325	3,455	3,870	12.4	11.6	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,770	1,130	1,645	4.7	3.8	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,550	2,325	2,230	7.7	7.8	7.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,995	5,585	4,410	16.9	18.8	15.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,005	29,695	29,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,165	1,070	1,100	3.7	3.6	3.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,840	28,620	28,215	96.3	96.4	96.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,405	880	530	2.4	3.0	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,580	4,885	7,700	21.3	16.5	26.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,610	4,095	1,515	9.5	13.8	5.2
3 Health occupations	3,415	805	2,605	5.8	2.7	8.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,050	3,025	6,030	15.3	10.2	20.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,900	2,525	2,375	8.3	8.5	8.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,525	6,135	6,390	21.2	20.7	21.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,730	5,110	615	9.7	17.2	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	335	270	65	0.6	0.9	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,285	885	400	2.2	3.0	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,005	29,695	29,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,165	1,070	1,100	3.7	3.6	3.8
All industries¹⁹¹	56,840	28,620	28,215	96.3	96.4	96.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	345	250	90	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	2,565	2,320	245	4.3	7.8	0.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,355	1,615	740	4.0	5.4	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,400	900	495	2.4	3.0	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	4,940	2,475	2,465	8.4	8.3	8.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,140	1,660	480	3.6	5.6	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	3,505	2,055	1,450	5.9	6.9	4.9
52 Finance and insurance	4,735	2,440	2,295	8.0	8.2	7.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,375	665	710	2.3	2.2	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,500	4,670	3,835	14.4	15.7	13.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	440	185	250	0.7	0.6	0.9
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,675	1,500	1,175	4.5	5.1	4.0
61 Educational services	5,235	1,830	3,405	8.9	6.2	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,210	1,355	4,860	10.5	4.6	16.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,975	960	1,010	3.3	3.2	3.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,965	1,485	1,475	5.0	5.0	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,405	855	1,550	4.1	2.9	5.3
91 Public administration	2,860	1,275	1,590	4.8	4.3	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,010	31,045	30,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,140	29,295	28,850	93.8	94.4	93.2
French	215	55	160	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	255	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	1,605	650	955	2.6	2.1	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,645	815	830	2.7	2.6	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,010	31,045	30,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,525	30,790	30,740	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	60,935	30,475	30,460	98.3	98.2	98.4
English	60,540	30,385	30,160	97.6	97.9	97.4
French	395	95	300	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	590	310	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	590	310	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	250	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	485	260	230	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	210	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	265	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,010	31,045	30,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,030	29,715	29,320	95.2	95.7	94.7
English	430	165	260	0.7	0.5	0.8
French	1,250	510	740	2.0	1.6	2.4
Non-official language	1,025	490	530	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,025	490	530	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	150	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,095	25,755	25,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	23,410	10,875	12,540	45.8	42.2	49.5
Worked outside Canada	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,850	3,555	1,295	9.5	13.8	5.1
Usual place of work	22,705	11,255	11,455	44.4	43.7	45.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,705	11,255	11,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,405	9,640	10,760	89.9	85.7	94.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,235	1,550	680	9.8	13.8	5.9
Commute to a different province or territory	65	55	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,550	14,805	12,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,300	9,205	6,090	55.5	62.2	47.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,625	8,575	5,055	49.5	57.9	39.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,670	635	1,035	6.1	4.3	8.1
Public transit	8,025	3,520	4,505	29.1	23.8	35.3
Walked	2,350	975	1,375	8.5	6.6	10.8
Bicycle	870	595	275	3.2	4.0	2.2
Other method	1,015	515	500	3.7	3.5	3.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,550	14,805	12,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,565	2,325	2,240	16.6	15.7	17.6
15 to 29 minutes	7,855	4,045	3,810	28.5	27.3	29.9
30 to 44 minutes	8,295	4,720	3,575	30.1	31.9	28.1
45 to 59 minutes	3,740	1,940	1,800	13.6	13.1	14.1
60 minutes and over	3,095	1,765	1,325	11.2	11.9	10.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,550	14,805	12,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,245	985	265	4.5	6.7	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,975	2,525	1,455	14.4	17.1	11.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,110	3,060	3,050	22.2	20.7	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,820	3,295	3,520	24.8	22.3	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,945	2,460	2,485	17.9	16.6	19.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,455	2,485	1,975	16.2	16.8	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,430	11,450	10,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,560	1,300	1,265	11.4	11.4	11.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,865	10,155	9,710	88.6	88.7	88.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,900	8,150	7,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,860	935	925	11.7	11.5	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,080	525	555	6.8	6.4	7.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	415	370	4.9	5.1	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,040	7,215	6,825	88.3	88.5	88.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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