Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sydney--VictoriaMore information: Nova Scotia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	72,148	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.3	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	36,058	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,179	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16.9	...	...	16.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,282.09	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,365	34,760	37,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,920	5,070	4,850	13.7	14.6	12.9
0 to 4 years	2,850	1,485	1,365	3.9	4.3	3.6
5 to 9 years	3,435	1,735	1,700	4.7	5.0	4.5
10 to 14 years	3,635	1,855	1,780	5.0	5.3	4.7
15 to 64 years	44,010	21,330	22,685	60.8	61.4	60.3
15 to 19 years	3,695	1,915	1,780	5.1	5.5	4.7
20 to 24 years	4,095	2,165	1,925	5.7	6.2	5.1
25 to 29 years	4,365	2,255	2,105	6.0	6.5	5.6
30 to 34 years	3,855	1,885	1,970	5.3	5.4	5.2
35 to 39 years	3,590	1,680	1,910	5.0	4.8	5.1
40 to 44 years	3,665	1,655	2,010	5.1	4.8	5.3
45 to 49 years	4,045	1,885	2,160	5.6	5.4	5.7
50 to 54 years	4,585	2,195	2,385	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	5,820	2,685	3,130	8.0	7.7	8.3
60 to 64 years	6,300	3,000	3,305	8.7	8.6	8.8
65 years and over	18,430	8,360	10,070	25.5	24.1	26.8
65 to 69 years	5,915	2,875	3,040	8.2	8.3	8.1
70 to 74 years	4,885	2,360	2,520	6.8	6.8	6.7
75 to 79 years	3,240	1,430	1,810	4.5	4.1	4.8
80 to 84 years	2,255	955	1,305	3.1	2.7	3.5
85 years and over	2,140	740	1,400	3.0	2.1	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,320	510	810	1.8	1.5	2.2
90 to 94 years	600	170	430	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	190	55	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.6	12.9	13.7	14.6	12.9
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.4	60.3	60.8	61.4	60.3
65 years and over	25.5	24.1	26.8	25.5	24.1	26.8
85 years and over	3.0	2.1	3.7	3.0	2.1	3.7
Average age of the population	45.8	44.5	47.0	45.8	44.5	47.0
Median age of the population	48.8	46.8	50.4	48.8	46.8	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,435	...	...	72.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,680	...	...	5.2	...	...
Row house	600	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,490	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,800	...	...	11.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	895	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,885	...	...	33.8	...	...
2 persons	11,645	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	4,775	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	3,045	...	...	9.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,830	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	70,905	34,150	36,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	62,440	29,685	32,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,520	15,230	15,295	48.9	51.3	46.7
Married	24,745	12,355	12,395	39.6	41.6	37.8
Living common-law	5,775	2,870	2,905	9.2	9.7	8.9
Living common law - Never married	4,155	2,055	2,100	6.7	6.9	6.4
Living common law - Separated	285	145	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,160	605	555	1.9	2.0	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	31,915	14,455	17,460	51.1	48.7	53.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,240	10,630	9,615	32.4	35.8	29.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,270	955	1,315	3.6	3.2	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,120	1,615	2,505	6.6	5.4	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,285	1,260	4,030	8.5	4.2	12.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,125	...	...	59.4	...	...
3 persons	4,480	...	...	22.0	...	...
4 persons	2,575	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,220	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,860	...	...	72.8	...	...
Married couples	11,975	...	...	58.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,875	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	7,105	...	...	34.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,885	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,195	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	1,695	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,540	...	...	27.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,425	...	...	21.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,120	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	70,900	34,150	36,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	54,565	26,475	28,090	77.0	77.5	76.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,725	14,840	14,885	41.9	43.5	40.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,540	1,120	4,420	7.8	3.3	12.0
Children⁶	19,300	10,520	8,780	27.2	30.8	23.9
In a two-parent family	10,445	5,620	4,825	14.7	16.5	13.1
In a one-parent family	8,850	4,895	3,955	12.5	14.3	10.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,335	7,675	8,665	23.0	22.5	23.6
Living alone	10,885	4,795	6,090	15.4	14.0	16.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,100	895	1,210	3.0	2.6	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,350	1,985	1,370	4.7	5.8	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,860	...	...	55.5	...	...
Couple-family households	13,550	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,510	...	...	17.1	...	...
Without children	8,045	...	...	25.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,310	...	...	13.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	920	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	960	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,465	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	10,885	...	...	33.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	60,990	29,080	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,700	27,920	30,785	96.2	96.0	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,200	32,400	33,600	35,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,715	27,925	30,790	96.3	96.0	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	31,800	29,800	30,800	31,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,130	23,035	24,095	77.3	79.2	75.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,800	26,400	23,200	24,800	26,400	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,040	17,915	18,120	59.1	61.6	56.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	26,800	25,400	26,200	26,800	25,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,080	24,200	27,875	85.4	83.2	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,900	15,300	14,400	14,900	15,300	14,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,000	6,990	6,015	21.3	24.0	18.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	9,800	6,600	8,200	9,800	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,235	8,510	8,725	28.3	29.3	27.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	60,870	29,050	31,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,685	27,930	30,755	96.4	96.1	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	43,760	38,360	40,920	43,760	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,690	27,940	30,755	96.4	96.2	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,080	36,800	33,560	35,080	36,800	33,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,310	23,175	24,135	77.7	79.8	75.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,480	37,240	31,840	34,480	37,240	31,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,970	17,855	18,115	59.1	61.5	56.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,560	37,560	33,560	35,560	37,560	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,125	24,225	27,900	85.6	83.4	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,780	14,820	14,740	14,780	14,820	14,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,935	6,995	5,940	21.3	24.1	18.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,920	11,030	8,620	9,920	11,030	8,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,110	8,340	8,770	28.1	28.7	27.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,290	9,050	9,510	9,290	9,050	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	60,870	29,055	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,105	6,635	7,470	23.2	22.8	23.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	54,800	50,400	52,400	54,800	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,550	61,850	55,600	58,550	61,850	55,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,275	8,240	8,030	26.7	28.4	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	17,400	14,400	16,000	17,400	14,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,580	25,680	19,420	22,580	25,680	19,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.0	70.6	65.2	68.0	70.6	65.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.2	54.9	51.6	53.2	54.9	51.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	32.1	29.4	34.9	32.1	29.4	34.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.4	6.3	4.3	5.4	6.3	4.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.7	7.0	8.5	7.7	7.0	8.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.6	6.2	7.1	6.6	6.2	7.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	60,990	29,080	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,290	1,165	1,130	3.8	4.0	3.5
With total income	58,705	27,915	30,785	96.3	96.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,005	2,310	2,690	8.5	8.3	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,265	3,465	4,800	14.1	12.4	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,540	5,750	6,790	21.4	20.6	22.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,195	4,390	4,805	15.7	15.7	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,370	3,375	3,995	12.6	12.1	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,240	2,465	2,780	8.9	8.8	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,405	1,805	1,605	5.8	6.5	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,200	1,240	965	3.7	4.4	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,700	895	800	2.9	3.2	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,315	645	670	2.2	2.3	2.2
$100,000 and over	2,460	1,570	890	4.2	5.6	2.9
$100,000 to $149,999	1,845	1,095	745	3.1	3.9	2.4
$150,000 and over	620	480	145	1.1	1.7	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	60,990	29,080	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,280	1,155	1,125	3.7	4.0	3.5
With after-tax income	58,710	27,925	30,785	96.3	96.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,195	2,365	2,830	8.8	8.5	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,690	3,700	4,990	14.8	13.2	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,530	6,770	7,765	24.7	24.2	25.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,755	5,160	5,590	18.3	18.5	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,850	3,680	4,170	13.4	13.2	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,695	2,405	2,295	8.0	8.6	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,835	1,490	1,355	4.8	5.3	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,850	905	945	3.2	3.2	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	910	505	405	1.5	1.8	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	465	275	190	0.8	1.0	0.6
$100,000 and over	930	665	265	1.6	2.4	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	525	370	160	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	400	295	105	0.7	1.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	60,990	29,080	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,950	11,160	13,785	40.9	38.4	43.2
With employment income	36,045	17,920	18,120	59.1	61.6	56.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,505	2,685	2,815	15.3	15.0	15.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,485	1,625	1,855	9.7	9.1	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,235	3,115	3,120	17.3	17.4	17.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,570	2,210	2,355	12.7	12.3	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,530	1,700	1,825	9.8	9.5	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,295	1,465	1,830	9.1	8.2	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,370	1,200	1,175	6.6	6.7	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,895	1,045	855	5.3	5.8	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,300	725	570	3.6	4.0	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,180	545	635	3.3	3.0	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,015	475	540	2.8	2.7	3.0
$100,000 and over	1,670	1,125	550	4.6	6.3	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	925	565	365	2.6	3.2	2.0
$125,000 and over	745	560	185	2.1	3.1	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	60,990	29,080	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,365	27,160	30,205	94.1	93.4	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,400	28,800	31,400	34,400	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,395	27,165	30,230	94.1	93.4	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	31,000	26,800	28,800	31,000	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,980	22,860	24,115	77.0	78.6	75.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	29,000	24,000	26,200	29,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,895	18,240	18,655	60.5	62.7	58.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	29,600	25,800	27,400	29,600	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,035	21,985	26,050	78.8	75.6	81.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,200	11,600	10,900	11,200	11,600	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,640	6,870	5,770	20.7	23.6	18.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	10,600	7,750	9,200	10,600	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	60,870	29,050	31,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,500	27,320	30,185	94.5	94.0	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,960	42,720	35,520	38,960	42,720	35,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,510	27,320	30,190	94.5	94.0	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,280	35,800	31,000	33,280	35,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,075	22,980	24,100	77.3	79.1	75.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,640	39,480	32,000	35,640	39,480	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,870	18,240	18,630	60.6	62.8	58.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,680	33,240	36,400	39,680	33,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,095	22,100	25,990	79.0	76.1	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,690	11,790	11,600	11,690	11,790	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,530	6,875	5,655	20.6	23.7	17.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,130	10,830	9,280	10,130	10,830	9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	60,870	29,055	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,015	6,585	7,430	23.0	22.7	23.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	52,000	45,600	48,800	52,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,000	58,600	51,800	55,000	58,600	51,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,380	7,850	7,535	25.3	27.0	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	21,800	17,800	19,600	21,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040	32,440	23,440	28,040	32,440	23,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.0	77.6	71.8	75.0	77.6	71.8
Employment income (%)	59.9	62.0	57.7	59.9	62.0	57.7
Government transfers (%)	25.1	22.3	28.1	25.1	22.3	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.7	6.4	4.9	5.7	6.4	4.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	30,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,600	...	...	28,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,240	...	...	38,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	930	...	...	2.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	790	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,415	...	...	7.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,735	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,620	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,655	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,525	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,990	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,495	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,240	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,965	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,675	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,800	...	...	24.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,000	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,885	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,880	...	...	5.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,040	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	940	...	...	2.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	840	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,570	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,045	...	...	6.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,880	...	...	5.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,965	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,935	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,285	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,435	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,000	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,575	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,445	...	...	16.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,640	...	...	8.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,415	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,390	...	...	4.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,235	6,780	7,455	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,000	29,200	28,600	29,000	29,200	28,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,400	27,400	27,400	27,400	27,400	27,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...	72,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,500	...	...	126,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,700	...	...	65,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,500	...	...	59,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,120	6,695	7,425	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,840	36,000	35,680	35,840	36,000	35,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,320	31,240	31,400	31,320	31,240	31,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	70,905	34,155	36,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,145	6,225	5,920	17.1	18.2	16.1
0 to 5 years	3,540	1,850	1,690	5.0	5.4	4.6
18 to 64 years	41,430	19,960	21,475	58.4	58.4	58.4
65 years and over	17,335	7,970	9,365	24.4	23.3	25.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,675	6,175	7,505	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,105	1,635	1,470	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,055	575	480	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,705	3,065	3,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,860	1,470	2,390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.3	18.1	20.4	19.3	18.1	20.4
0 to 17 years (%)	25.6	26.3	24.9	25.6	26.3	24.9
0 to 5 years (%)	29.8	30.9	28.6	29.8	30.9	28.6
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	15.4	17.0	16.2	15.4	17.0
65 years and over (%)	22.3	18.4	25.5	22.3	18.4	25.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	65,590	31,575	34,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,225	5,225	4,995	15.6	16.5	14.7
0 to 5 years	2,960	1,530	1,430	4.5	4.8	4.2
18 to 64 years	38,405	18,540	19,865	58.6	58.7	58.4
65 years and over	16,960	7,810	9,150	25.9	24.7	26.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,630	1,890	1,745	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	485	250	235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,900	1,535	1,365	...	...	...
65 years and over	240	105	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	6.0	5.1	5.5	6.0	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.7	5.4	5.6	5.7	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	8.3	6.9	7.6	8.3	6.9
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	70,905	34,155	36,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,705	22,625	25,085	67.3	66.2	68.2
In bottom decile	12,215	5,710	6,505	17.2	16.7	17.7
In second decile	11,010	5,115	5,900	15.5	15.0	16.1
In third decile	9,370	4,490	4,880	13.2	13.1	13.3
In fourth decile	8,105	3,855	4,250	11.4	11.3	11.6
In fifth decile	7,010	3,460	3,555	9.9	10.1	9.7
In top half of the distribution	23,195	11,525	11,675	32.7	33.7	31.8
In sixth decile	6,555	3,180	3,375	9.2	9.3	9.2
In seventh decile	5,985	2,950	3,030	8.4	8.6	8.2
In eighth decile	4,745	2,395	2,350	6.7	7.0	6.4
In ninth decile	3,640	1,840	1,800	5.1	5.4	4.9
In top decile	2,275	1,160	1,110	3.2	3.4	3.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.505	...	...	0.505	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	71,185	34,230	36,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	68,055	32,925	35,130	95.6	96.2	95.1
French only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,000	1,255	1,750	4.2	3.7	4.7
Neither English nor French	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	71,185	34,230	36,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,465	33,905	36,555	99.0	99.1	98.9
French	540	240	295	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	71,185	34,230	36,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,030	33,665	36,370	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	65,305	31,220	34,085	91.7	91.2	92.2
English	64,715	30,950	33,765	90.9	90.4	91.4
French	590	265	325	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	4,725	2,445	2,285	6.6	7.1	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,380	1,145	1,235	3.3	3.3	3.3
Algonquian languages	2,380	1,145	1,235	3.3	3.3	3.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,375	1,140	1,235	3.3	3.3	3.3
Mi'kmaq	2,375	1,140	1,230	3.3	3.3	3.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,350	1,300	1,050	3.3	3.8	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	405	265	140	0.6	0.8	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	370	250	120	0.5	0.7	0.3
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,225	685	540	1.7	2.0	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	845	515	335	1.2	1.5	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	815	495	320	1.1	1.4	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	140	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	295	210	0.7	0.9	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	165	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	330	165	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	290	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,155	570	585	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	905	455	445	1.3	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	71,185	34,230	36,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,720	30,975	33,745	90.9	90.5	91.3
French	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,550	795	750	2.2	2.3	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	950	460	485	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-Indigenous	595	335	265	0.8	1.0	0.7
English and French	455	205	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,190	2,135	2,060	5.9	6.2	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	71,185	34,230	36,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,300	33,775	36,520	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	67,220	32,160	35,060	94.4	94.0	94.9
English	67,065	32,085	34,980	94.2	93.7	94.7
French	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,075	1,610	1,460	4.3	4.7	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,720	850	870	2.4	2.5	2.4
Algonquian languages	1,720	850	870	2.4	2.5	2.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,720	850	870	2.4	2.5	2.4
Mi'kmaq	1,720	850	870	2.4	2.5	2.4
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,355	765	590	1.9	2.2	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	165	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	240	160	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	650	365	290	0.9	1.1	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	540	320	215	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	515	310	205	0.7	0.9	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	355	215	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	135	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	240	135	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	225	125	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	890	455	430	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	805	415	390	1.1	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	71,185	34,230	36,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,130	32,210	34,925	94.3	94.1	94.5
English	1,360	715	640	1.9	2.1	1.7
French	380	165	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	1,990	950	1,040	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	1,220	565	650	1.7	1.7	1.8
Non-Indigenous	770	385	385	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	70,820	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	70,705	34,085	36,620	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	70,680	34,070	36,610	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	3,115	1,385	1,730	4.4	4.1	4.7
Non-official languages	7,325	3,645	3,680	10.3	10.7	10.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,875	1,830	2,040	5.5	5.4	5.6
Algonquian languages	3,875	1,830	2,040	5.5	5.4	5.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,865	1,830	2,035	5.5	5.4	5.5
Mi'kmaq	3,855	1,825	2,030	5.4	5.3	5.5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,480	1,830	1,650	4.9	5.4	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	190	125	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	185	120	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	165	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	130	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	535	320	210	0.8	0.9	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	455	290	170	0.6	0.8	0.5
Tamil	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,935	1,070	865	2.7	3.1	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	150	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	165	90	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,195	695	495	1.7	2.0	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,170	680	490	1.7	2.0	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	880	525	355	1.2	1.5	1.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	370	270	0.9	1.1	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	270	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	430	210	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	415	205	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	200	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,820	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,445	3,620	3,825	10.5	10.6	10.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,265	3,530	3,730	10.3	10.3	10.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,345	3,095	3,255	9.0	9.1	8.9
Métis	835	405	420	1.2	1.2	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	63,380	30,525	32,850	89.5	89.4	89.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,820	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,830	2,835	3,000	8.2	8.3	8.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	64,990	31,305	33,680	91.8	91.7	91.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,425	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	9,490	...	...	29.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,275	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	505	...	...	1.6	...	...
Not condominium	31,685	...	...	98.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,730	...	...	11.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,755	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,985	...	...	40.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,590	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,345	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,885	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	5,985	...	...	18.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,685	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,295	...	...	25.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,905	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	290	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	30,835	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,360	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,955	...	...	37.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,445	...	...	29.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,705	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,145	...	...	9.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,020	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	950	...	...	3.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,030	...	...	3.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	940	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,045	...	...	90.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,145	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,015	...	...	59.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,945	...	...	37.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,230	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	800	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,425	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,015	...	...	12.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,900	...	...	15.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,200	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,890	...	...	21.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,700	...	...	11.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,260	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,405	...	...	83.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,025	...	...	16.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,635	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,635	...	...	26.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,290	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,090	...	...	3.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,370	...	...	7.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	615	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,560	...	...	73.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,735	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not in core need	27,300	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,125	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.2	...	...	45.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	866	...	...	866	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	185,400	...	...	185,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.8	...	...	32.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	829	...	...	829	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	204	...	...	204	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	70,825	34,145	36,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,420	2,635	2,790	7.7	7.7	7.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,410	2,635	2,780	7.6	7.7	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,245	2,555	2,690	7.4	7.5	7.3
Métis single ancestry	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,830	1,380	1,445	4.0	4.0	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,795	1,365	1,430	3.9	4.0	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,135	1,035	1,095	3.0	3.0	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	595	310	290	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	62,570	30,130	32,445	88.3	88.2	88.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	70,825	34,145	36,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,170	32,670	35,495	96.3	95.7	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,000	6,170	5,830	16.9	18.1	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,170	26,500	29,675	79.3	77.6	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,655	1,475	1,180	3.7	4.3	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	70,825	34,145	36,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,960	32,070	34,885	94.5	93.9	95.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,935	985	950	2.7	2.9	2.6
Before 1980	680	335	335	1.0	1.0	0.9
1980 to 1990	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	335	160	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	625	355	270	0.9	1.0	0.7
2011 to 2015	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	380	240	140	0.5	0.7	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,930	1,090	840	2.7	3.2	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,930	980	955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	270	140	130	14.0	14.3	13.6
5 to 14 years	285	150	140	14.8	15.3	14.7
15 to 24 years	375	190	180	19.4	19.4	18.8
25 to 44 years	870	425	440	45.1	43.4	46.1
45 years and over	130	75	55	6.7	7.7	5.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,930	980	955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	270	270	28.0	27.6	28.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	20	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
United States of America	440	210	230	22.8	21.4	24.1
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	10	2.1	2.6	1.0
Europe	570	285	280	29.5	29.1	29.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Germany	90	30	60	4.7	3.1	6.3
Greece	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	10	1.3	2.0	1.0
Netherlands	50	45	0	2.6	4.6	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260	130	135	13.5	13.3	14.1
Other places of birth in Europe	75	30	40	3.9	3.1	4.2
Africa	180	105	80	9.3	10.7	8.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	1.6	2.0	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	10	1.3	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	40	15	20	2.1	1.5	2.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	1.6	2.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	35	15	2.6	3.6	1.6
Asia	620	300	315	32.1	30.6	33.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	1.3	1.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	60	70	7.0	6.1	7.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	190	95	100	9.8	9.7	10.5
Viet Nam	35	15	20	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	50	45	5.2	5.1	4.7
Pakistan	35	20	15	1.8	2.0	1.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	35	35	3.9	3.6	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	1.3	1.5	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	380	245	140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	40	0	11.8	16.3	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	2.6	4.1	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	3.9	4.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	60	40	15	15.8	16.3	10.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	10	10	6.6	4.1	7.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	2.6	4.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	3.9	4.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	25	15	15	6.6	6.1	10.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	5.3	4.1	7.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	245	140	100	64.5	57.1	71.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	30	25	14.5	12.2	17.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	40	15	14.5	16.3	10.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	60	35	23.7	24.5	25.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	2.6	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	2.6	4.1	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	2.6	4.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	70,820	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,270	2,250	2,020	6.0	6.6	5.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,535	1,720	1,810	5.0	5.0	4.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,020	30,175	32,845	89.0	88.4	89.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,255	640	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	760	415	345	60.6	64.8	56.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	390	250	140	31.1	39.1	23.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	370	165	205	29.5	25.8	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	420	190	230	33.5	29.7	37.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75	40	35	6.0	6.3	5.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,255	640	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	10	2.0	1.6	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	295	180	120	23.5	28.1	19.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	55	35	7.2	8.6	5.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	65	50	9.6	10.2	8.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	725	335	390	57.8	52.3	63.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	70,820	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,980	2,115	1,865	5.6	6.2	5.1
South Asian	1,670	965	710	2.4	2.8	1.9
Chinese	545	270	280	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	895	475	415	1.3	1.4	1.1
Filipino	330	150	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	175	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southeast Asian	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	66,840	32,030	34,815	94.4	93.8	94.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	70,825	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,505	5,055	5,445	14.8	14.8	14.8
English	13,895	6,535	7,355	19.6	19.1	20.1
Irish	15,480	7,270	8,210	21.9	21.3	22.4
Scottish	26,320	12,475	13,845	37.2	36.5	37.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,165	4,330	4,830	12.9	12.7	13.2
German	2,125	1,030	1,095	3.0	3.0	3.0
Chinese	510	240	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	2,295	1,095	1,200	3.2	3.2	3.3
Indian (India)	1,100	615	490	1.6	1.8	1.3
Ukrainian	930	435	495	1.3	1.3	1.3
Dutch	910	435	475	1.3	1.3	1.3
Polish	1,260	645	615	1.8	1.9	1.7
Québécois	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	885	460	425	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	280	125	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	265	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,250	1,520	1,730	4.6	4.5	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,645	825	825	2.3	2.4	2.2
Métis	775	385	390	1.1	1.1	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,985	965	1,020	2.8	2.8	2.8
Russian	210	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	295	105	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Welsh	1,105	520	585	1.6	1.5	1.6
Portuguese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	210	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Spanish	290	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	305	165	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Acadian	1,725	810	915	2.4	2.4	2.5
Pakistani	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	280	165	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	170	125	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
Vietnamese	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	255	150	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	145	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Lebanese	680	385	290	1.0	1.1	0.8
Iranian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	190	60	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	605	290	315	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sikh	135	100	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Austrian	170	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgian	315	145	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,935	2,390	2,545	7.0	7.0	6.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	885	425	455	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	1,340	675	665	1.9	2.0	1.8
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	2,570	1,250	1,325	3.6	3.7	3.6
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	70,820	34,145	36,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	52,575	24,400	28,170	74.2	71.5	76.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,150	1,060	1,095	3.0	3.1	3.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	4,030	1,905	2,125	5.7	5.6	5.8
Baptist	670	265	405	0.9	0.8	1.1
Catholic	35,765	16,630	19,135	50.5	48.7	52.2
Christian Orthodox	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	205	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	285	115	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	2,125	925	1,205	3.0	2.7	3.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,715	2,155	2,560	6.7	6.3	7.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,175	1,080	1,090	3.1	3.2	3.0
Hindu	630	375	255	0.9	1.1	0.7
Jewish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	365	210	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sikh	440	245	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	350	180	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	360	125	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	15,925	8,540	7,390	22.5	25.0	20.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,265	33,880	36,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,870	30,660	33,205	90.9	90.5	91.3
Movers	6,395	3,220	3,175	9.1	9.5	8.7
Non-migrants	4,415	2,210	2,200	6.3	6.5	6.0
Migrants	1,985	1,005	980	2.8	3.0	2.7
Internal migrants	1,650	820	830	2.3	2.4	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	635	295	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,015	525	490	1.4	1.5	1.3
External migrants	335	190	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	68,025	32,670	35,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,165	23,495	25,670	72.3	71.9	72.6
Movers	18,860	9,175	9,690	27.7	28.1	27.4
Non-migrants	11,640	5,380	6,260	17.1	16.5	17.7
Migrants	7,220	3,790	3,430	10.6	11.6	9.7
Internal migrants	5,070	2,585	2,485	7.5	7.9	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,385	1,190	1,195	3.5	3.6	3.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,685	1,395	1,290	3.9	4.3	3.6
External migrants	2,155	1,210	945	3.2	3.7	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,870	29,055	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,460	7,190	6,270	22.1	24.7	19.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,415	21,860	25,550	77.9	75.2	80.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,860	16,935	18,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,935	2,815	2,120	13.8	16.6	11.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,920	14,120	16,800	86.2	83.4	88.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,875	29,050	31,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,885	6,080	5,805	19.5	20.9	18.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,815	8,495	9,315	29.3	29.2	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,175	14,480	16,700	51.2	49.8	52.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,305	9,925	10,380	33.4	34.2	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,260	4,820	1,435	10.3	16.6	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,170	2,060	1,110	5.2	7.1	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,090	2,760	325	5.1	9.5	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,260	4,365	7,895	20.1	15.0	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,780	735	1,050	2.9	2.5	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,875	4,555	6,320	17.9	15.7	19.9
Bachelor's degree	7,350	3,030	4,320	12.1	10.4	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	530	585	1.8	1.8	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	165	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	1,845	690	1,155	3.0	2.4	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230	135	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,860	16,940	18,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,265	2,360	1,905	11.9	13.9	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,220	4,970	5,245	28.5	29.3	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,380	9,605	11,775	59.6	56.7	62.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,465	6,535	6,935	37.5	38.6	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,840	2,995	840	10.7	17.7	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,920	1,280	640	5.4	7.6	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,915	1,715	205	5.3	10.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,535	3,065	5,470	23.8	18.1	28.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,095	470	630	3.1	2.8	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,915	3,075	4,840	22.1	18.2	25.6
Bachelor's degree	5,355	2,070	3,285	14.9	12.2	17.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	800	385	415	2.2	2.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	100	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	1,380	445	930	3.8	2.6	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,875	29,050	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,700	14,580	15,120	48.8	50.2	47.5
Education	2,660	720	1,945	4.4	2.5	6.1
13. Education	2,660	720	1,945	4.4	2.5	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	465	235	230	0.8	0.8	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	395	180	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
Humanities	1,110	510	605	1.8	1.8	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	185	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	195	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	225	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,735	720	2,015	4.5	2.5	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	120	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	125	800	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	400	135	265	0.7	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	520	105	415	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	530	195	335	0.9	0.7	1.1
Business, management and public administration	6,085	1,845	4,240	10.0	6.4	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	135	410	0.9	0.5	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,520	1,705	3,815	9.1	5.9	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	830	390	445	1.4	1.3	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	125	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	155	110	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	800	480	320	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	445	265	1.2	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,280	6,835	445	12.0	23.5	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	40	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	870	735	135	1.4	2.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,295	150	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,335	2,290	45	3.8	7.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,570	1,510	60	2.6	5.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,015	975	45	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	225	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	130	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	6,065	910	5,155	10.0	3.1	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,810	750	5,055	9.5	2.6	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,675	1,610	1,065	4.4	5.5	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,405	435	975	2.3	1.5	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	295	45	0.6	1.0	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	895	850	45	1.5	2.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,860	16,940	18,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,480	7,330	7,150	40.4	43.3	37.8
Education	1,565	365	1,195	4.4	2.2	6.3
13. Education	1,565	365	1,195	4.4	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	200	155	1.0	1.2	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	320	165	155	0.9	1.0	0.8
Humanities	710	280	430	2.0	1.7	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	95	20	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	300	120	185	0.8	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,175	515	1,660	6.1	3.0	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	105	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	730	90	640	2.0	0.5	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	330	95	240	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	420	75	350	1.2	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	410	125	285	1.1	0.7	1.5
Business, management and public administration	4,140	1,220	2,920	11.5	7.2	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	75	315	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,740	1,150	2,585	10.4	6.8	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	550	265	285	1.5	1.6	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	95	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	100	85	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	410	265	1.9	2.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	625	400	225	1.7	2.4	1.2
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,720	4,375	340	13.2	25.8	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	640	535	110	1.8	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	865	745	120	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,545	1,510	35	4.3	8.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,000	960	45	2.8	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	635	610	30	1.8	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	325	150	175	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185	60	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	4,175	615	3,560	11.6	3.6	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,020	530	3,490	11.2	3.1	18.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,000	1,215	785	5.6	7.2	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	985	290	695	2.7	1.7	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	235	40	0.8	1.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	665	40	2.0	3.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,860	16,940	18,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,480	7,330	7,150	40.4	43.3	37.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,380	9,605	11,770	59.6	56.7	62.2
Location of study inside Canada	20,085	8,920	11,165	56.0	52.7	59.0
Same as province or territory of residence	17,250	7,480	9,775	48.1	44.2	51.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,835	1,445	1,390	7.9	8.5	7.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,295	685	615	3.6	4.0	3.3
Americas	255	115	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	230	105	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	155	95	60	0.4	0.6	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	800	420	380	2.2	2.5	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	160	65	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	445	270	180	1.2	1.6	1.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	60,875	29,050	31,825	...	...	...
In the labour force	31,470	15,750	15,725	...	...	...
Employed	25,005	12,085	12,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,465	3,665	2,800	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,405	13,305	16,100	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.7	54.2	49.4	51.7	54.2	49.4
Employment rate	41.1	41.6	40.6	41.1	41.6	40.6
Unemployment rate	20.5	23.3	17.8	20.5	23.3	17.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	60,875	29,050	31,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,075	13,435	15,645	47.8	46.2	49.2
Worked	31,800	15,620	16,185	52.2	53.8	50.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,555	6,865	7,690	23.9	23.6	24.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,245	8,755	8,495	28.3	30.1	26.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.5	36.5	38.5	37.5	36.5	38.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	31,470	15,745	15,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	775	535	4.2	4.9	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,160	14,970	15,185	95.8	95.1	96.6
Employee	27,815	13,470	14,345	88.4	85.6	91.3
Permanent position	19,735	9,150	10,585	62.7	58.1	67.3
Temporary position	8,075	4,320	3,760	25.7	27.4	23.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,285	575	705	4.1	3.7	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,795	3,745	3,050	21.6	23.8	19.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,345	1,500	845	7.5	9.5	5.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	31,470	15,745	15,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	775	535	4.2	4.9	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,160	14,970	15,185	95.8	95.1	96.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	175	100	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,070	1,085	2,985	12.9	6.9	19.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,055	855	200	3.4	5.4	1.3
3 Health occupations	3,675	665	3,015	11.7	4.2	19.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,995	1,305	2,690	12.7	8.3	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	590	210	385	1.9	1.3	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	9,250	4,140	5,110	29.4	26.3	32.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,095	4,765	325	16.2	30.3	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,425	1,185	245	4.5	7.5	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	825	670	150	2.6	4.3	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	31,470	15,745	15,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	775	535	4.2	4.9	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	30,160	14,970	15,185	95.8	95.1	96.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,235	955	280	3.9	6.1	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	350	305	45	1.1	1.9	0.3
22 Utilities	210	200	15	0.7	1.3	0.1
23 Construction	2,305	2,095	210	7.3	13.3	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,015	805	210	3.2	5.1	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	340	275	60	1.1	1.7	0.4
44-45 Retail trade	3,820	1,755	2,060	12.1	11.1	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,405	1,005	395	4.5	6.4	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	275	165	110	0.9	1.0	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	425	130	300	1.4	0.8	1.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	200	130	65	0.6	0.8	0.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,120	615	505	3.6	3.9	3.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,940	1,150	790	6.2	7.3	5.0
61 Educational services	2,380	705	1,670	7.6	4.5	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,745	1,125	4,620	18.3	7.1	29.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	700	345	360	2.2	2.2	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,680	1,285	1,395	8.5	8.2	8.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,265	675	590	4.0	4.3	3.8
91 Public administration	2,740	1,255	1,485	8.7	8.0	9.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	34,790	17,270	17,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,975	16,400	16,570	94.8	95.0	94.6
French	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	295	160	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	275	150	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Non-Indigenous	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	405	170	235	1.2	1.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,010	495	515	2.9	2.9	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	34,790	17,270	17,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,545	17,165	17,375	99.3	99.4	99.2
Official languages	33,940	16,850	17,090	97.6	97.6	97.5
English	33,765	16,780	16,985	97.1	97.2	96.9
French	180	70	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official languages	600	315	285	1.7	1.8	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	560	295	265	1.6	1.7	1.5
Algonquian languages	560	295	265	1.6	1.7	1.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	560	295	265	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mi'kmaq	560	295	265	1.6	1.7	1.5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	245	100	145	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	160	70	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	34,790	17,270	17,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,600	16,700	16,905	96.6	96.7	96.5
English	385	190	195	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	255	110	145	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	505	240	270	1.5	1.4	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	365	160	210	1.0	0.9	1.2
Non-Indigenous	140	80	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,005	12,085	12,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,065	1,185	1,880	12.3	9.8	14.6
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,655	2,600	1,055	14.6	21.5	8.2
Usual place of work	18,270	8,285	9,980	73.1	68.6	77.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	18,265	8,280	9,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,265	7,260	9,005	89.1	87.7	90.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	380	160	220	2.1	1.9	2.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	690	365	320	3.8	4.4	3.2
Commute to a different province or territory	930	495	435	5.1	6.0	4.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	21,920	10,885	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	19,840	9,755	10,080	90.5	89.6	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,855	8,965	8,895	81.5	82.4	80.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,980	795	1,190	9.0	7.3	10.8
Public transit	465	295	165	2.1	2.7	1.5
Walked	970	440	530	4.4	4.0	4.8
Bicycle	55	50	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other method	590	335	255	2.7	3.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	21,920	10,885	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,520	5,300	6,220	52.6	48.7	56.3
15 to 29 minutes	6,605	3,305	3,300	30.1	30.4	29.9
30 to 44 minutes	2,440	1,355	1,085	11.1	12.4	9.8
45 to 59 minutes	595	375	215	2.7	3.4	1.9
60 minutes and over	765	545	220	3.5	5.0	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	21,920	10,885	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,050	735	315	4.8	6.8	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,725	2,085	1,640	17.0	19.2	14.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,730	2,865	2,865	26.1	26.3	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,745	2,395	3,350	26.2	22.0	30.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,430	1,030	1,395	11.1	9.5	12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,240	1,770	1,475	14.8	16.3	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,400	6,365	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	700	330	370	5.6	5.2	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,700	6,035	5,665	94.4	94.8	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,285	4,745	4,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	260	300	6.1	5.5	6.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	175	215	4.1	3.7	4.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	175	90	90	1.9	1.9	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,725	4,485	4,240	94.0	94.5	93.4

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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