Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CardiganMore information: Prince Edward Island [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	39,866	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	36,615	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,420	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,977	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15.6	...	...	15.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,547.64	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	39,865	19,650	20,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,675	3,425	3,250	16.7	17.4	16.1
0 to 4 years	1,915	985	930	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	2,310	1,230	1,080	5.8	6.3	5.3
10 to 14 years	2,450	1,215	1,240	6.1	6.2	6.1
15 to 64 years	24,950	12,350	12,605	62.6	62.8	62.3
15 to 19 years	2,240	1,145	1,095	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	2,260	1,170	1,090	5.7	6.0	5.4
25 to 29 years	2,285	1,170	1,115	5.7	6.0	5.5
30 to 34 years	2,330	1,095	1,230	5.8	5.6	6.1
35 to 39 years	2,425	1,165	1,260	6.1	5.9	6.2
40 to 44 years	2,430	1,225	1,200	6.1	6.2	5.9
45 to 49 years	2,485	1,215	1,270	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,565	1,245	1,320	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 to 59 years	3,005	1,500	1,505	7.5	7.6	7.4
60 to 64 years	2,920	1,405	1,515	7.3	7.2	7.5
65 years and over	8,245	3,875	4,365	20.7	19.7	21.6
65 to 69 years	2,750	1,305	1,445	6.9	6.6	7.1
70 to 74 years	2,430	1,200	1,230	6.1	6.1	6.1
75 to 79 years	1,485	720	765	3.7	3.7	3.8
80 to 84 years	850	380	465	2.1	1.9	2.3
85 years and over	730	270	460	1.8	1.4	2.3
85 to 89 years	475	190	290	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	185	60	125	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.4	16.1	16.7	17.4	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.6	62.8	62.3	62.6	62.8	62.3
65 years and over	20.7	19.7	21.6	20.7	19.7	21.6
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
Average age of the population	42.5	41.7	43.3	42.5	41.7	43.3
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,670	...	...	79.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	635	...	...	4.0	...	...
Row house	350	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	120	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,400	...	...	8.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	755	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,240	...	...	26.5	...	...
2 persons	6,135	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	2,370	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	2,015	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,220	...	...	7.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	38,360	18,875	19,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,190	16,225	16,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,815	9,925	9,890	59.7	61.2	58.3
Married	16,555	8,295	8,265	49.9	51.1	48.7
Living common-law	3,255	1,630	1,625	9.8	10.0	9.6
Living common law - Never married	2,310	1,145	1,165	7.0	7.1	6.9
Living common law - Separated	190	90	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	675	360	315	2.0	2.2	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	85	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	13,380	6,295	7,080	40.3	38.8	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,830	4,800	4,025	26.6	29.6	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	880	365	510	2.7	2.2	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,690	715	980	5.1	4.4	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,980	415	1,560	6.0	2.6	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,240	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	2,300	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	1,870	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,015	...	...	8.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,715	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	8,085	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,860	...	...	33.8	...	...
Without children	4,225	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,630	...	...	14.3	...	...
With children⁶	675	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	955	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,710	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,295	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	410	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	38,360	18,875	19,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,330	16,040	16,290	84.3	85.0	83.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	19,430	9,710	9,720	50.7	51.4	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	1,705	415	1,295	4.4	2.2	6.6
Children⁶	11,190	5,920	5,270	29.2	31.4	27.0
In a two-parent family	8,585	4,515	4,070	22.4	23.9	20.9
In a one-parent family	2,605	1,405	1,200	6.8	7.4	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,035	2,835	3,195	15.7	15.0	16.4
Living alone	4,240	1,885	2,360	11.1	10.0	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	630	270	360	1.6	1.4	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,160	685	475	3.0	3.6	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,510	...	...	65.8	...	...
Couple-family households	9,120	...	...	57.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,260	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	4,860	...	...	30.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,390	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	290	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	360	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	520	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	4,240	...	...	26.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	31,720	15,470	16,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,705	14,950	15,760	96.8	96.6	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,400	37,200	39,600	42,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,755	14,975	15,780	97.0	96.8	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,800	33,200	34,800	36,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,835	13,740	14,095	87.8	88.8	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	34,000	27,400	30,800	34,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,005	11,725	11,290	72.5	75.8	69.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,200	29,200	31,200	33,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,895	11,510	13,395	78.5	74.4	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,300	13,800	12,900	13,300	13,800	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,420	4,075	3,345	23.4	26.3	20.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	10,200	7,700	9,000	10,200	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,515	3,640	3,875	23.7	23.5	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	7,500	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	31,685	15,425	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,725	14,880	15,845	97.0	96.5	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	52,400	43,160	47,640	52,400	43,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,770	14,905	15,860	97.1	96.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,720	42,920	36,680	39,720	42,920	36,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,905	13,625	14,275	88.1	88.3	87.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	46,240	35,320	40,640	46,240	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,960	11,720	11,240	72.5	76.0	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	43,200	35,720	39,560	43,200	35,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,790	11,380	13,410	78.2	73.8	82.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,320	13,160	13,440	13,320	13,160	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,375	3,880	3,495	23.3	25.2	21.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,160	11,020	9,210	10,160	11,020	9,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,235	3,460	3,775	22.8	22.4	23.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,930	8,260	8,100	7,930	8,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	31,685	15,420	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,335	5,360	4,970	32.6	34.8	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	56,400	52,000	54,400	56,400	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,500	65,900	56,800	61,500	65,900	56,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,190	5,100	5,090	32.2	33.1	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,400	15,200	17,400	19,400	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,720	26,720	20,740	23,720	26,720	20,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	80.8	73.6	77.4	80.8	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	65.0	58.7	62.0	65.0	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	19.2	26.4	22.6	19.2	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.1	5.5	4.7	5.1	5.5	4.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.7	4.9	4.1	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.5	4.6	4.0	3.5	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	31,715	15,465	16,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,010	520	490	3.2	3.4	3.0
With total income	30,710	14,945	15,760	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,155	995	1,160	7.0	6.7	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,475	1,500	1,975	11.3	10.0	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,045	2,205	2,835	16.4	14.8	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,795	2,215	2,585	15.6	14.8	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,295	2,070	2,225	14.0	13.9	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	1,655	1,630	10.7	11.1	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,240	1,235	1,005	7.3	8.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,605	880	725	5.2	5.9	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,125	560	565	3.7	3.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	785	375	415	2.6	2.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,905	1,255	645	6.2	8.4	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,320	830	490	4.3	5.6	3.1
$150,000 and over	580	425	160	1.9	2.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	31,715	15,465	16,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	960	490	465	3.0	3.2	2.9
With after-tax income	30,760	14,975	15,785	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,345	1,065	1,275	7.6	7.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,745	1,635	2,105	12.2	10.9	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,205	2,795	3,405	20.2	18.7	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,025	2,900	3,120	19.6	19.4	19.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,640	2,270	2,370	15.1	15.2	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,030	1,635	1,395	9.9	10.9	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,815	930	880	5.9	6.2	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,190	585	600	3.9	3.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	585	330	250	1.9	2.2	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	350	225	125	1.1	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	830	585	245	2.7	3.9	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	420	285	135	1.4	1.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	410	300	110	1.3	2.0	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	31,715	15,465	16,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,710	3,745	4,960	27.5	24.2	30.5
With employment income	23,010	11,720	11,285	72.6	75.8	69.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,020	1,460	1,560	13.1	12.5	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	2,085	920	1,160	9.1	7.8	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,535	1,775	1,755	15.4	15.1	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,555	1,305	1,255	11.1	11.1	11.1
$30,000 to $39,999	2,510	1,230	1,280	10.9	10.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,285	1,125	1,160	9.9	9.6	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840	995	840	8.0	8.5	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,395	775	615	6.1	6.6	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,050	550	505	4.6	4.7	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	820	375	440	3.6	3.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	600	310	290	2.6	2.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,310	890	415	5.7	7.6	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	655	415	235	2.8	3.5	2.1
$125,000 and over	655	480	175	2.8	4.1	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	31,720	15,470	16,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,275	14,725	15,545	95.4	95.2	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,800	38,000	41,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,295	14,730	15,570	95.5	95.2	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	31,200	33,600	36,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,715	13,685	14,030	87.4	88.5	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,200	31,400	35,200	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,340	11,830	11,510	73.6	76.5	70.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	34,400	29,200	31,600	34,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,725	10,315	12,415	71.6	66.7	76.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,300	10,000	10,500	11,300	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,300	4,045	3,260	23.0	26.1	20.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,900	8,300	9,200	9,900	8,300
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	31,685	15,425	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,255	14,640	15,615	95.5	94.9	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,640	50,720	40,840	45,640	50,720	40,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,285	14,640	15,640	95.6	94.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,120	34,680	37,800	41,120	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,730	13,585	14,140	87.5	88.1	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880	46,360	35,600	40,880	46,360	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,380	11,855	11,525	73.8	76.9	70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,240	35,200	39,800	44,240	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,635	10,145	12,485	71.4	65.8	76.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,920	11,080	10,790	10,920	11,080	10,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,050	3,830	3,220	22.3	24.8	19.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,110	10,640	9,480	10,110	10,640	9,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	31,685	15,420	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,255	5,295	4,950	32.4	34.3	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	54,000	48,400	51,200	54,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,850	62,200	53,200	57,850	62,200	53,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,745	4,915	4,825	30.8	31.9	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,800	18,400	20,800	23,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	33,800	24,620	29,240	33,800	24,620
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	84.8	78.8	82.0	84.8	78.8
Employment income (%)	67.4	70.6	63.6	67.4	70.6	63.6
Government transfers (%)	17.9	15.2	21.1	17.9	15.2	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.2	5.5	4.8	5.2	5.5	4.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,560	...	...	42,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	820	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	535	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	735	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	645	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	660	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,260	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,185	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,190	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,140	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	975	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,540	...	...	34.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,975	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,340	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,345	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	875	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	895	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	685	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	775	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	855	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	795	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	765	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,460	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,515	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,385	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,200	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,040	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,885	...	...	24.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,785	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	985	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,120	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,400	2,565	2,835	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,000	34,800	35,600	36,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	31,800	31,600	31,800	31,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,900	...	...	62,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,430	2,465	2,960	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,520	42,440	40,760	41,520	42,440	40,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,280	35,680	34,960	35,280	35,680	34,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	38,355	18,875	19,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,965	4,090	3,870	20.8	21.7	19.9
0 to 5 years	2,370	1,245	1,120	6.2	6.6	5.7
18 to 64 years	22,510	11,035	11,480	58.7	58.5	58.9
65 years and over	7,885	3,750	4,135	20.6	19.9	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,910	2,290	2,615	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,115	550	565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	325	170	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,310	1,120	1,195	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,485	620	860	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.1	13.4	12.8	12.1	13.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	13.5	14.6	14.0	13.5	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	13.9	13.6	13.8	13.9	13.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.1	10.4	10.3	10.1	10.4
65 years and over (%)	18.8	16.6	20.8	18.8	16.6	20.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	38,100	18,755	19,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,870	4,045	3,825	20.7	21.6	19.8
0 to 5 years	2,345	1,230	1,110	6.2	6.6	5.7
18 to 64 years	22,360	10,965	11,400	58.7	58.5	58.9
65 years and over	7,870	3,745	4,125	20.7	20.0	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,280	670	605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	310	160	150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	45	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	870	465	400	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	45	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.3	3.5	3.9	4.3	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	38,355	18,875	19,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	22,260	10,855	11,400	58.0	57.5	58.5
In bottom decile	4,135	1,980	2,150	10.8	10.5	11.0
In second decile	4,500	2,140	2,360	11.7	11.3	12.1
In third decile	4,540	2,220	2,315	11.8	11.8	11.9
In fourth decile	4,690	2,310	2,380	12.2	12.2	12.2
In fifth decile	4,400	2,200	2,195	11.5	11.7	11.3
In top half of the distribution	16,095	8,020	8,080	42.0	42.5	41.5
In sixth decile	4,295	2,120	2,175	11.2	11.2	11.2
In seventh decile	3,870	1,920	1,950	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	3,410	1,710	1,700	8.9	9.1	8.7
In ninth decile	2,535	1,270	1,265	6.6	6.7	6.5
In top decile	1,990	1,000	990	5.2	5.3	5.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	38,360	...	...	38,360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431	...	...	0.431	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	39,550	19,520	20,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	34,625	17,445	17,185	87.5	89.4	85.8
French only	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,095	1,730	2,365	10.4	8.9	11.8
Neither English nor French	800	335	470	2.0	1.7	2.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	39,550	19,520	20,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,135	18,900	19,235	96.4	96.8	96.1
French	545	260	290	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	785	320	465	2.0	1.6	2.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	39,550	19,520	20,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,115	19,310	19,810	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	35,930	17,615	18,310	90.8	90.2	91.4
English	35,375	17,360	18,015	89.4	88.9	90.0
French	550	250	300	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official languages	3,190	1,695	1,500	8.1	8.7	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,175	1,685	1,485	8.0	8.6	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,035	560	470	2.6	2.9	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	445	240	205	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	265	140	130	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	245	125	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	130	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	305	185	115	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	240	150	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	90	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,760	935	825	4.5	4.8	4.1
Chinese languages	1,750	935	820	4.4	4.8	4.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,615	850	765	4.1	4.4	3.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	430	215	220	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	180	85	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	205	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	39,550	19,520	20,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,790	17,585	18,205	90.5	90.1	90.9
French	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,850	1,020	830	4.7	5.2	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,850	1,020	830	4.7	5.2	4.1
English and French	470	205	265	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,140	575	565	2.9	2.9	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	39,550	19,520	20,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,220	19,340	19,880	99.2	99.1	99.3
Official languages	36,805	18,050	18,755	93.1	92.5	93.7
English	36,595	17,945	18,650	92.5	91.9	93.1
French	210	100	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,420	1,295	1,120	6.1	6.6	5.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,415	1,295	1,120	6.1	6.6	5.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	530	300	235	1.3	1.5	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	95	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	145	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	130	80	0.5	0.7	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	160	100	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,655	885	775	4.2	4.5	3.9
Chinese languages	1,655	880	775	4.2	4.5	3.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,565	845	725	4.0	4.3	3.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	180	150	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	235	135	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	39,545	19,520	20,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,065	18,830	19,235	96.3	96.5	96.1
English	480	235	245	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	360	155	205	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	475	220	250	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	455	210	240	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	38,335	18,840	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	38,125	18,710	19,420	99.5	99.3	99.6
English	38,115	18,695	19,420	99.4	99.2	99.6
French	3,990	1,740	2,250	10.4	9.2	11.5
Non-official languages	2,945	1,495	1,450	7.7	7.9	7.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,895	1,485	1,410	7.6	7.9	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	65	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,565	860	705	4.1	4.6	3.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	90	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	85	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	675	360	310	1.8	1.9	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	265	185	1.2	1.4	0.9
German	440	255	185	1.1	1.4	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	160	70	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	245	125	1.0	1.3	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	325	210	110	0.8	1.1	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	145	90	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	105	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Urdu	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	395	200	195	1.0	1.1	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	155	130	0.8	0.8	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	890	410	475	2.3	2.2	2.4
Chinese languages	890	410	475	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	840	395	450	2.2	2.1	2.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	38,340	18,835	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,060	505	560	2.8	2.7	2.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,030	495	530	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	680	330	350	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis	285	135	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	37,275	18,335	18,935	97.2	97.3	97.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	38,340	18,835	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	465	215	250	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,865	18,620	19,240	98.8	98.9	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,810	...	...	80.2	...	...
Renter	3,100	...	...	19.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	500	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not condominium	15,475	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,020	...	...	6.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,900	...	...	24.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,620	...	...	41.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,410	...	...	27.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,100	...	...	19.4	...	...
5 rooms	2,750	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,575	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,415	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,135	...	...	32.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,850	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	130	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,580	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	400	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,505	...	...	21.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,915	...	...	24.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,990	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,895	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,075	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,245	...	...	7.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,035	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,755	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,225	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,720	...	...	48.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,850	...	...	49.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	410	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	345	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,855	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,605	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,555	...	...	16.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,500	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,095	...	...	19.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,590	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	425	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,650	...	...	87.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,925	...	...	12.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,700	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,345	...	...	20.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,760	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not suitable only	355	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,035	...	...	6.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,630	...	...	79.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,050	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not in core need	14,295	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,550	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...	996	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,600	...	...	313,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,095	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.0	...	...	21.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	956	...	...	956	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	230	...	...	230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	300	...	...	300	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	38,335	18,840	19,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	515	250	260	1.3	1.3	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	515	250	260	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	450	215	230	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,220	585	635	3.2	3.1	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,210	580	625	3.2	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	945	445	500	2.5	2.4	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	130	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	36,605	18,010	18,595	95.5	95.6	95.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	38,335	18,840	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,450	17,885	18,560	95.1	94.9	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,560	3,905	3,650	19.7	20.7	18.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,895	13,985	14,910	75.4	74.2	76.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,885	950	930	4.9	5.0	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	38,335	18,840	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,225	17,320	17,910	91.9	91.9	91.9
Immigrants⁸¹	2,485	1,175	1,310	6.5	6.2	6.7
Before 1980	635	270	365	1.7	1.4	1.9
1980 to 1990	175	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	195	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
2001 to 2010	355	185	170	0.9	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130	565	565	2.9	3.0	2.9
2011 to 2015	230	130	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
2016 to 2021	900	440	465	2.3	2.3	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	620	340	275	1.6	1.8	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,490	1,175	1,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	310	165	140	12.4	14.0	10.7
5 to 14 years	515	255	265	20.7	21.7	20.2
15 to 24 years	340	160	175	13.7	13.6	13.4
25 to 44 years	1,005	425	580	40.4	36.2	44.3
45 years and over	320	165	150	12.9	14.0	11.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,490	1,175	1,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	530	210	315	21.3	17.9	24.0
Brazil	30	15	15	1.2	1.3	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
United States of America	380	155	225	15.3	13.2	17.2
Other places of birth in Americas	90	50	40	3.6	4.3	3.1
Europe	870	430	440	34.9	36.6	33.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.8
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	1.0	0.9	1.1
Germany	50	35	15	2.0	3.0	1.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
Netherlands	135	60	70	5.4	5.1	5.3
Poland	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
Portugal	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Romania	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	395	195	195	15.9	16.6	14.9
Other places of birth in Europe	170	85	85	6.8	7.2	6.5
Africa	170	90	80	6.8	7.7	6.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	15	1.4	1.3	1.1
Nigeria	55	30	25	2.2	2.6	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	1.4	2.1	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.8
Asia	905	435	470	36.3	37.0	35.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	15	1.8	2.6	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	1.4	1.3	1.5
Turkey	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	445	210	230	17.9	17.9	17.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	15	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Taiwan	30	10	20	1.2	0.9	1.5
Philippines	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.5
Viet Nam	40	20	25	1.6	1.7	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	145	80	65	5.8	6.8	5.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	30	30	2.4	2.6	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	905	440	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	30	55	9.4	6.8	11.8
Brazil	20	10	10	2.2	2.3	2.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	15	35	5.5	3.4	7.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.2
Europe	105	45	60	11.6	10.2	12.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	10	20	3.9	2.3	4.3
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	30	5.0	4.5	6.5
Africa	65	40	30	7.2	9.1	6.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	25	30	5.5	5.7	6.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	635	320	315	70.2	72.7	67.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	335	165	170	37.0	37.5	36.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
India	115	65	50	12.7	14.8	10.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.2
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	3.9	3.4	4.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	20	20	4.4	4.5	4.3
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	2.8	2.3	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	38,335	18,840	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,390	1,640	1,750	8.8	8.7	9.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,560	1,300	1,260	6.7	6.9	6.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	32,390	15,905	16,485	84.5	84.4	84.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,855	910	945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,390	715	675	74.9	78.6	71.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	540	285	255	29.1	31.3	27.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	855	430	420	46.1	47.3	44.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	360	145	210	19.4	15.9	22.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	80	45	40	4.3	4.9	4.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,855	910	945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	295	170	130	15.9	18.7	13.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	25	30	3.0	2.7	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	155	75	80	8.4	8.2	8.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,330	630	700	71.7	69.2	74.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	38,335	18,840	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,125	1,085	1,040	5.5	5.8	5.3
South Asian	445	265	175	1.2	1.4	0.9
Chinese	925	430	500	2.4	2.3	2.6
Black	230	135	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Filipino	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latin American	120	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,210	17,760	18,450	94.5	94.3	94.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	38,335	18,840	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,510	2,715	2,795	14.4	14.4	14.3
English	8,785	4,155	4,635	22.9	22.1	23.8
Irish	12,565	6,075	6,495	32.8	32.2	33.3
Scottish	16,145	7,815	8,330	42.1	41.5	42.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,960	2,330	2,625	12.9	12.4	13.5
German	2,170	1,025	1,140	5.7	5.4	5.8
Chinese	815	375	440	2.1	2.0	2.3
Italian	465	230	235	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	230	120	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukrainian	260	115	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
Dutch	1,670	830	845	4.4	4.4	4.3
Polish	275	115	165	0.7	0.6	0.8
Québécois	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	870	455	415	2.3	2.4	2.1
Filipino	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	215	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,455	685	770	3.8	3.6	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	535	275	260	1.4	1.5	1.3
Métis	280	150	125	0.7	0.8	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	530	255	275	1.4	1.4	1.4
Russian	140	50	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Norwegian	205	65	145	0.5	0.3	0.7
Welsh	740	360	380	1.9	1.9	1.9
Portuguese	140	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	310	120	190	0.8	0.6	1.0
Spanish	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swedish	125	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,280	610	670	3.3	3.2	3.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	60	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	95	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	225	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Sikh	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	155	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	255	150	105	0.7	0.8	0.5
Finnish	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Croatian	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japanese	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	480	215	265	1.3	1.1	1.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	130	55	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	865	425	435	2.3	2.3	2.2
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	38,340	18,835	19,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	280	105	175	0.7	0.6	0.9
Christian	26,705	12,760	13,950	69.7	67.7	71.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,295	1,125	1,165	6.0	6.0	6.0
Anabaptist	155	105	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Anglican	980	460	525	2.6	2.4	2.7
Baptist	1,250	555	690	3.3	2.9	3.5
Catholic	14,240	6,915	7,330	37.1	36.7	37.6
Christian Orthodox	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	210	75	135	0.5	0.4	0.7
Latter Day Saints	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	165	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	2,200	1,055	1,150	5.7	5.6	5.9
Reformed	115	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	2,930	1,315	1,615	7.6	7.0	8.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,720	810	910	4.5	4.3	4.7
Hindu	145	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	130	90	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	200	85	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	10,635	5,600	5,035	27.7	29.7	25.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	38,005	18,670	19,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,180	16,800	17,380	89.9	90.0	89.9
Movers	3,825	1,865	1,955	10.1	10.0	10.1
Non-migrants	1,600	770	840	4.2	4.1	4.3
Migrants	2,225	1,105	1,120	5.9	5.9	5.8
Internal migrants	2,030	1,025	1,010	5.3	5.5	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,120	545	575	2.9	2.9	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	915	470	440	2.4	2.5	2.3
External migrants	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	36,400	17,885	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,840	11,270	11,560	62.7	63.0	62.4
Movers	13,560	6,605	6,955	37.3	36.9	37.6
Non-migrants	2,815	1,395	1,415	7.7	7.8	7.6
Migrants	10,745	5,215	5,530	29.5	29.2	29.9
Internal migrants	9,415	4,545	4,870	25.9	25.4	26.3
Intraprovincial migrants	5,820	2,710	3,105	16.0	15.2	16.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,595	1,835	1,765	9.9	10.3	9.5
External migrants	1,335	670	665	3.7	3.7	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,685	15,420	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,470	3,390	2,080	17.3	22.0	12.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,210	12,030	14,180	82.7	78.0	87.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,805	9,580	10,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,990	1,360	630	10.0	14.2	6.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,820	8,215	9,600	90.0	85.8	93.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,685	15,425	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,025	3,055	1,970	15.9	19.8	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,570	4,380	4,195	27.0	28.4	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,090	7,990	10,100	57.1	51.8	62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,040	5,045	5,995	34.8	32.7	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,325	1,790	535	7.3	11.6	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	820	340	3.7	5.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,165	970	195	3.7	6.3	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,930	3,040	4,885	25.0	19.7	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	795	215	570	2.5	1.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,045	2,945	4,105	22.2	19.1	25.2
Bachelor's degree	4,665	1,920	2,740	14.7	12.4	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	440	195	240	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	90	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	1,575	630	935	5.0	4.1	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	95	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,805	9,575	10,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,765	1,175	590	8.9	12.3	5.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,835	2,700	2,140	24.4	28.2	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,205	5,705	7,500	66.7	59.6	73.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,785	3,580	4,205	39.3	37.4	41.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,490	1,195	290	7.5	12.5	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	720	540	175	3.6	5.6	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	775	660	120	3.9	6.9	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,860	2,230	3,625	29.6	23.3	35.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435	150	285	2.2	1.6	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,420	2,125	3,290	27.4	22.2	32.2
Bachelor's degree	3,580	1,390	2,190	18.1	14.5	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	145	160	1.5	1.5	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	65	100	0.8	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	1,255	455	805	6.3	4.8	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	70	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,685	15,425	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,595	7,435	6,165	42.9	48.2	37.9
Education	1,315	355	955	4.2	2.3	5.9
13. Education	1,315	355	955	4.2	2.3	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	440	210	230	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	390	175	215	1.2	1.1	1.3
Humanities	870	415	460	2.7	2.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	165	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	60	120	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	210	140	75	0.7	0.9	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,770	535	1,235	5.6	3.5	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	55	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	435	30	400	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	255	65	190	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	355	105	250	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	535	265	270	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	4,055	1,260	2,795	12.8	8.2	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	50	375	1.4	0.3	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,615	1,205	2,410	11.4	7.8	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	665	285	390	2.1	1.8	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	135	200	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	75	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	110	70	45	0.3	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	620	410	210	2.0	2.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	395	170	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,405	3,180	225	10.7	20.6	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	395	330	65	1.2	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	575	515	60	1.8	3.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,095	1,060	35	3.5	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	750	745	0	2.4	4.8	0.0
48. Precision production	535	500	40	1.7	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	680	375	305	2.1	2.4	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	505	270	230	1.6	1.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	105	70	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	3,210	395	2,815	10.1	2.6	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	100	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,980	285	2,690	9.4	1.8	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	575	480	3.3	3.7	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	545	125	425	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	165	135	35	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	310	25	1.0	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,805	9,580	10,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,600	3,875	2,730	33.3	40.4	26.7
Education	810	225	580	4.1	2.3	5.7
13. Education	810	225	580	4.1	2.3	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	165	190	1.8	1.7	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	310	130	175	1.6	1.4	1.7
Humanities	575	255	320	2.9	2.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	125	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	45	85	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	130	80	55	0.7	0.8	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,365	345	1,020	6.9	3.6	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	30	80	0.5	0.3	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345	20	320	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	235	60	180	1.2	0.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	265	70	195	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	385	170	220	1.9	1.8	2.2
Business, management and public administration	3,045	915	2,130	15.4	9.6	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	325	40	285	1.6	0.4	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,715	870	1,840	13.7	9.1	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	465	185	285	2.3	1.9	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	100	150	1.2	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	50	105	0.8	0.5	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	55	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	525	350	180	2.7	3.7	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	490	335	150	2.5	3.5	1.5
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,445	2,255	190	12.3	23.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	320	260	60	1.6	2.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	410	355	55	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	790	760	30	4.0	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	500	500	0	2.5	5.2	0.0
48. Precision production	390	360	30	2.0	3.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	260	245	2.5	2.7	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	180	185	1.8	1.9	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	85	60	0.7	0.9	0.6
Health and related fields	2,330	325	2,010	11.8	3.4	19.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	85	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,145	230	1,915	10.8	2.4	18.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	775	430	350	3.9	4.5	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	405	100	305	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	105	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	220	15	1.2	2.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,805	9,580	10,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,600	3,875	2,730	33.3	40.4	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,205	5,705	7,500	66.7	59.6	73.3
Location of study inside Canada	11,920	5,095	6,830	60.2	53.2	66.8
Same as province or territory of residence	7,605	3,260	4,340	38.4	34.0	42.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,320	1,835	2,485	21.8	19.2	24.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,285	610	670	6.5	6.4	6.6
Americas	315	150	165	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	245	120	130	1.2	1.3	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	245	155	95	1.2	1.6	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	90	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	660	280	375	3.3	2.9	3.7
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	285	125	165	1.4	1.3	1.6
Taiwan	70	15	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	145	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	31,685	15,425	16,260	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,980	10,790	10,190	...	...	...
Employed	18,845	9,665	9,180	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,135	1,125	1,010	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,705	4,635	6,075	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.2	70.0	62.7	66.2	70.0	62.7
Employment rate	59.5	62.7	56.5	59.5	62.7	56.5
Unemployment rate	10.2	10.4	9.9	10.2	10.4	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	31,685	15,425	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,440	4,540	5,900	32.9	29.4	36.3
Worked	21,240	10,880	10,360	67.0	70.5	63.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,560	5,485	5,075	33.3	35.6	31.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,680	5,395	5,280	33.7	35.0	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	39.0	39.7	39.3	39.0	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,980	10,790	10,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	390	210	175	1.9	1.9	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,590	10,575	10,010	98.1	98.0	98.2
Employee	17,425	8,400	9,025	83.1	77.8	88.6
Permanent position	12,000	5,610	6,395	57.2	52.0	62.8
Temporary position	5,425	2,790	2,635	25.9	25.9	25.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	915	395	520	4.4	3.7	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,510	2,395	2,115	21.5	22.2	20.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,160	2,180	985	15.1	20.2	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,980	10,790	10,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	390	210	175	1.9	1.9	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,590	10,575	10,010	98.1	98.0	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	240	150	90	1.1	1.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,985	860	2,125	14.2	8.0	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,185	865	320	5.6	8.0	3.1
3 Health occupations	1,880	255	1,625	9.0	2.4	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,625	720	1,900	12.5	6.7	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	480	215	265	2.3	2.0	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	4,240	1,670	2,575	20.2	15.5	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,835	3,480	350	18.3	32.3	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,245	1,780	460	10.7	16.5	4.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	880	575	295	4.2	5.3	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,980	10,790	10,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	390	210	175	1.9	1.9	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	20,590	10,575	10,010	98.1	98.0	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,660	2,030	635	12.7	18.8	6.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	55	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	85	60	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	1,830	1,645	180	8.7	15.2	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,350	900	450	6.4	8.3	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	295	205	90	1.4	1.9	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	2,025	940	1,085	9.7	8.7	10.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	785	565	220	3.7	5.2	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	180	90	90	0.9	0.8	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	405	155	250	1.9	1.4	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	180	80	95	0.9	0.7	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,085	585	495	5.2	5.4	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	575	340	230	2.7	3.2	2.3
61 Educational services	1,470	415	1,050	7.0	3.8	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,900	400	2,495	13.8	3.7	24.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	445	245	200	2.1	2.3	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	985	345	640	4.7	3.2	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	970	490	480	4.6	4.5	4.7
91 Public administration	2,300	1,015	1,280	11.0	9.4	12.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,590	11,590	11,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,690	11,180	10,505	96.0	96.5	95.5
French	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	420	145	275	1.9	1.3	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	320	185	135	1.4	1.6	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,590	11,590	11,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,440	11,495	10,945	99.3	99.2	99.5
Official languages	22,265	11,425	10,840	98.6	98.6	98.5
English	22,135	11,380	10,755	98.0	98.2	97.7
French	130	45	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official languages	175	70	105	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	70	105	0.8	0.6	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
German	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	35	90	0.6	0.3	0.8
Chinese languages	120	30	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	25	75	0.5	0.2	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	155	95	60	0.7	0.8	0.5
English and French	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	130	80	45	0.6	0.7	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,590	11,590	11,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,995	11,340	10,655	97.4	97.8	96.8
English	145	50	95	0.6	0.4	0.9
French	335	125	210	1.5	1.1	1.9
Non-official language	105	70	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	70	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,845	9,665	9,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,875	1,415	1,460	15.3	14.6	15.9
Worked outside Canada	60	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	3,285	2,525	765	17.4	26.1	8.3
Usual place of work	12,625	5,690	6,935	67.0	58.9	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,625	5,690	6,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,085	1,385	1,695	24.4	24.3	24.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,100	3,090	4,010	56.2	54.3	57.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,020	1,010	1,015	16.0	17.8	14.6
Commute to a different province or territory	410	205	210	3.2	3.6	3.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,910	8,210	7,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,200	7,875	7,325	95.5	95.9	95.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,060	7,375	6,685	88.4	89.8	86.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,135	500	640	7.1	6.1	8.3
Public transit	95	50	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Walked	350	130	220	2.2	1.6	2.9
Bicycle	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other method	240	135	105	1.5	1.6	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,910	8,210	7,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,810	2,850	2,960	36.5	34.7	38.4
15 to 29 minutes	5,755	2,890	2,865	36.2	35.2	37.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,605	1,420	1,180	16.4	17.3	15.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,130	620	505	7.1	7.6	6.6
60 minutes and over	615	435	185	3.9	5.3	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,910	8,210	7,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	915	585	330	5.8	7.1	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,810	1,665	1,150	17.7	20.3	14.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,480	2,820	2,660	34.4	34.3	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,105	1,225	1,885	19.5	14.9	24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,145	430	710	7.2	5.2	9.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,450	1,485	960	15.4	18.1	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,110	4,165	3,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	315	320	7.8	7.6	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,475	3,845	3,625	92.2	92.3	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,035	3,095	2,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	500	245	255	8.3	7.9	8.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	315	155	155	5.2	5.0	5.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	90	95	3.1	2.9	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,530	2,850	2,685	91.6	92.1	91.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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