Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Petawawa, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,160	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,187	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,174	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,762	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	110.3	...	...	110.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	164.70	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,160	9,780	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,955	2,040	1,920	21.8	20.9	22.9
0 to 4 years	1,400	705	695	7.7	7.2	8.3
5 to 9 years	1,460	770	690	8.0	7.9	8.2
10 to 14 years	1,090	560	530	6.0	5.7	6.3
15 to 64 years	12,485	6,920	5,570	68.8	70.8	66.4
15 to 19 years	915	530	380	5.0	5.4	4.5
20 to 24 years	1,365	885	480	7.5	9.0	5.7
25 to 29 years	2,020	1,180	835	11.1	12.1	10.0
30 to 34 years	2,050	1,130	920	11.3	11.6	11.0
35 to 39 years	1,595	875	720	8.8	8.9	8.6
40 to 44 years	1,125	595	530	6.2	6.1	6.3
45 to 49 years	920	470	450	5.1	4.8	5.4
50 to 54 years	865	420	445	4.8	4.3	5.3
55 to 59 years	925	490	430	5.1	5.0	5.1
60 to 64 years	720	350	365	4.0	3.6	4.4
65 years and over	1,715	820	900	9.4	8.4	10.7
65 to 69 years	565	270	295	3.1	2.8	3.5
70 to 74 years	500	245	260	2.8	2.5	3.1
75 to 79 years	280	130	150	1.5	1.3	1.8
80 to 84 years	210	95	115	1.2	1.0	1.4
85 years and over	165	75	90	0.9	0.8	1.1
85 to 89 years	115	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.8	20.9	22.9	21.8	20.9	22.9
15 to 64 years	68.8	70.8	66.4	68.8	70.8	66.4
65 years and over	9.4	8.4	10.7	9.4	8.4	10.7
85 years and over	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.1
Average age of the population	34.1	33.3	34.9	34.1	33.3	34.9
Median age of the population	32.0	31.2	33.2	32.0	31.2	33.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,760	...	...	70.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	455	...	...	6.7	...	...
Row house	845	...	...	12.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	635	...	...	9.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,555	...	...	23.0	...	...
2 persons	2,355	...	...	34.8	...	...
3 persons	1,150	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	1,140	...	...	16.9	...	...
5 or more persons	555	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	14,205	7,745	6,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,795	4,415	4,385	61.9	57.0	67.8
Married	6,670	3,355	3,315	47.0	43.3	51.3
Living common-law	2,125	1,060	1,070	15.0	13.7	16.6
Living common law - Never married	1,645	820	825	11.6	10.6	12.8
Living common law - Separated	115	65	55	0.8	0.8	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	345	165	180	2.4	2.1	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	5,410	3,325	2,085	38.1	42.9	32.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,890	2,670	1,215	27.4	34.5	18.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	475	255	220	3.3	3.3	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	645	285	355	4.5	3.7	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	400	110	285	2.8	1.4	4.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,300	...	...	46.7	...	...
3 persons	1,065	...	...	21.6	...	...
4 persons	1,080	...	...	22.0	...	...
5 or more persons	475	...	...	9.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,320	...	...	87.9	...	...
Married couples	3,255	...	...	66.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,845	...	...	37.5	...	...
Without children	1,410	...	...	28.7	...	...
Common-law couples	1,065	...	...	21.7	...	...
With children⁶	515	...	...	10.5	...	...
Without children	545	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	595	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	415	...	...	8.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,630	7,360	7,270	84.6	81.3	88.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,645	4,315	4,325	50.0	47.7	52.5
Parents in one-parent families	600	180	415	3.5	2.0	5.0
Children⁶	5,390	2,865	2,530	31.2	31.7	30.7
In a two-parent family	4,470	2,365	2,105	25.8	26.1	25.5
In a one-parent family	920	500	425	5.3	5.5	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,660	1,690	975	15.4	18.7	11.8
Living alone	1,555	960	595	9.0	10.6	7.2
Living with other relatives⁷	205	85	120	1.2	0.9	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	905	650	255	5.2	7.2	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,525	...	...	66.9	...	...
Couple-family households	4,045	...	...	59.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,235	...	...	33.0	...	...
Without children	1,805	...	...	26.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	480	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	190	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	365	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	1,555	...	...	23.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,370	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,940	6,800	6,140	96.8	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600	69,000	39,600	57,600	69,000	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,945	6,805	6,140	96.8	96.8	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	59,200	36,000	50,000	59,200	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,975	6,550	5,425	89.6	93.2	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	68,000	33,600	56,800	68,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,430	5,850	4,575	78.0	83.2	72.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600	68,000	37,200	57,600	68,000	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,255	5,675	5,575	84.2	80.7	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,800	910	8,900	3,800	910	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,020	270	755	7.6	3.8	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,840	6,040	6,000	5,840	6,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,155	650	1,505	16.1	9.2	23.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,550	8,000	8,000	6,550	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,370	7,030	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,930	6,805	6,125	96.7	96.8	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,550	70,000	45,880	58,550	70,000	45,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,930	6,805	6,125	96.7	96.8	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720	58,600	39,880	49,720	58,600	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,870	6,490	5,385	88.8	92.3	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	68,600	40,680	55,950	68,600	40,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,430	5,840	4,590	78.0	83.1	72.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,250	66,900	42,640	56,250	66,900	42,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,305	5,735	5,565	84.6	81.6	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,230	5,445	11,100	8,230	5,445	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,095	250	840	8.2	3.6	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,480	6,360	9,120	8,480	6,360	9,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,350	705	1,650	17.6	10.0	26.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,650	8,240	8,830	8,650	8,240	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,375	7,030	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,155	4,025	2,125	46.0	57.3	33.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	73,500	61,200	70,500	73,500	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,100	78,500	62,900	73,100	78,500	62,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,135	1,215	1,920	23.4	17.3	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	35,200	17,600	22,000	35,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,480	42,600	26,080	32,480	42,600	26,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.8	93.4	78.0	87.8	93.4	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.4	82.2	69.6	77.4	82.2	69.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.3	6.6	22.0	12.3	6.6	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.3	2.7	1.2	0.3	2.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.3	1.5	6.3	3.3	1.5	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	1.2	5.2	2.7	1.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,375	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	430	230	205	3.2	3.3	3.2
With total income	12,945	6,805	6,140	96.8	96.8	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	815	250	565	6.3	3.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,170	320	850	9.0	4.7	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	340	885	9.5	5.0	14.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,160	360	795	9.0	5.3	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,145	445	705	8.8	6.5	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275	705	570	9.8	10.4	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,635	1,160	475	12.6	17.0	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,540	1,115	420	11.9	16.4	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,060	755	305	8.2	11.1	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	615	440	175	4.8	6.5	2.9
$100,000 and over	1,305	920	385	10.1	13.5	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	1,075	755	320	8.3	11.1	5.2
$150,000 and over	230	165	70	1.8	2.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,375	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	430	225	200	3.2	3.2	3.2
With after-tax income	12,945	6,800	6,140	96.8	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	865	255	610	6.7	3.8	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,200	335	865	9.3	4.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,435	405	1,030	11.1	6.0	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,390	485	910	10.7	7.1	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	1,550	735	815	12.0	10.8	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,970	1,345	630	15.2	19.8	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	1,385	525	14.8	20.4	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,150	815	335	8.9	12.0	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	630	410	220	4.9	6.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	360	270	90	2.8	4.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	485	365	125	3.7	5.4	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	305	235	75	2.4	3.5	1.2
$125,000 and over	180	125	50	1.4	1.8	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,375	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,945	1,180	1,770	22.0	16.8	27.9
With employment income	10,425	5,855	4,575	77.9	83.3	72.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	890	310	580	8.5	5.3	12.7
$5,000 to $9,999	530	170	360	5.1	2.9	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	835	250	580	8.0	4.3	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	655	205	450	6.3	3.5	9.8
$30,000 to $39,999	725	285	440	7.0	4.9	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	805	370	430	7.7	6.3	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,015	615	395	9.7	10.5	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,385	990	390	13.3	16.9	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,295	980	315	12.4	16.7	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	825	615	205	7.9	10.5	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	500	365	130	4.8	6.2	2.8
$100,000 and over	980	695	280	9.4	11.9	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	630	430	200	6.0	7.3	4.4
$125,000 and over	350	260	85	3.4	4.4	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,370	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,805	6,725	6,080	95.8	95.7	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	68,000	35,200	54,800	68,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,820	6,725	6,095	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,000	32,400	48,000	58,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,915	6,510	5,410	89.1	92.6	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	67,500	32,800	54,000	67,500	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,480	5,875	4,605	78.4	83.6	72.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,600	67,000	35,200	55,600	67,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,845	5,460	5,390	81.1	77.7	85.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,390	544	5,200	1,390	544	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,120	395	725	8.4	5.6	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,800	5,840	5,840	5,800	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,370	7,030	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,790	6,730	6,060	95.7	95.7	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,000	69,500	43,080	57,000	69,500	43,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,810	6,730	6,075	95.8	95.7	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	57,800	37,280	48,040	57,800	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,845	6,475	5,375	88.6	92.1	84.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,150	68,600	41,160	56,150	68,600	41,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,530	5,895	4,640	78.8	83.9	73.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,650	64,700	41,880	54,650	64,700	41,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,830	5,430	5,405	81.0	77.2	85.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,915	4,408	7,440	5,915	4,408	7,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,140	390	750	8.5	5.5	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,920	6,860	6,880	6,920	6,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,375	7,030	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,145	4,020	2,125	45.9	57.2	33.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	72,000	56,800	69,000	72,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	74,600	58,550	69,100	74,600	58,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,030	1,200	1,830	22.7	17.1	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	36,000	22,200	27,200	36,000	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,040	45,300	29,960	36,040	45,300	29,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2	94.8	84.6	91.2	94.8	84.6
Employment income (%)	79.0	81.6	74.4	79.0	81.6	74.4
Government transfers (%)	8.8	5.1	15.4	8.8	5.1	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	2.0	1.1	0.6	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,100	...	...	68,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,150	...	...	56,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	80	...	...	1.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	115	...	...	1.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	105	...	...	1.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	130	...	...	1.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	360	...	...	5.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	495	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	610	...	...	9.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	555	...	...	8.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	520	...	...	7.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,490	...	...	51.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,155	...	...	17.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	875	...	...	12.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	980	...	...	14.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	480	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	110	...	...	1.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	105	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	125	...	...	1.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	145	...	...	2.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	215	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	585	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	685	...	...	10.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	650	...	...	9.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	595	...	...	8.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	605	...	...	8.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,725	...	...	40.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180	...	...	17.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	800	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	745	...	...	11.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,455	1,605	850	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,600	66,000	47,600	61,600	66,000	47,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,800	56,000	42,000	52,800	56,000	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...	120,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,460	1,635	825	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,000	69,000	51,000	63,000	69,000	51,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,750	56,850	44,500	52,750	56,850	44,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,295	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,460	2,325	2,135	25.8	25.7	25.9
0 to 5 years	1,695	850	840	9.8	9.4	10.2
18 to 64 years	11,120	5,915	5,210	64.3	65.4	63.2
65 years and over	1,710	815	895	9.9	9.0	10.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	640	265	370	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	165	85	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	25	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	330	130	200	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	55	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.7	3.0	4.5	3.7	3.0	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.6	4.0	3.8	3.6	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.0	3.8	3.4	3.0	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.2	3.8	2.9	2.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	8.4	7.0	9.8	8.4	7.0	9.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,460	2,320	2,140	25.8	25.6	26.0
0 to 5 years	1,690	850	845	9.8	9.4	10.3
18 to 64 years	11,120	5,915	5,205	64.3	65.4	63.2
65 years and over	1,710	815	900	9.9	9.0	10.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	180	80	100	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	35	15	20	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	125	60	70	...	...	...
65 years and over	20	5	10	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
0 to 17 years (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.8
18 to 64 years (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,975	3,485	3,495	40.3	38.5	42.4
In bottom decile	575	235	340	3.3	2.6	4.1
In second decile	810	355	455	4.7	3.9	5.5
In third decile	1,475	730	750	8.5	8.1	9.1
In fourth decile	1,910	965	950	11.0	10.7	11.5
In fifth decile	2,205	1,205	1,005	12.7	13.3	12.2
In top half of the distribution	10,315	5,565	4,745	59.6	61.5	57.6
In sixth decile	2,250	1,250	995	13.0	13.8	12.1
In seventh decile	2,675	1,500	1,180	15.5	16.6	14.3
In eighth decile	2,295	1,220	1,075	13.3	13.5	13.0
In ninth decile	1,935	1,000	935	11.2	11.0	11.3
In top decile	1,165	595	565	6.7	6.6	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,295	...	...	17,295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.237	...	...	0.237	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.305	...	...	0.305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.212	...	...	0.212	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	18,160	9,775	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	14,205	7,720	6,485	78.2	79.0	77.3
French only	150	65	85	0.8	0.7	1.0
English and French	3,785	1,985	1,800	20.8	20.3	21.5
Neither English nor French	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	18,160	9,775	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,305	8,795	7,500	89.8	90.0	89.4
French	1,745	920	825	9.6	9.4	9.8
English and French	100	50	45	0.6	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	18,160	9,775	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,700	9,545	8,150	97.5	97.6	97.2
Official languages	16,965	9,195	7,770	93.4	94.1	92.7
English	15,165	8,225	6,940	83.5	84.1	82.8
French	1,795	970	830	9.9	9.9	9.9
Non-official languages	735	355	380	4.0	3.6	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	355	380	4.0	3.6	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	490	235	255	2.7	2.4	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	55	85	0.8	0.6	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.7
German	95	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	130	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	50	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Romanian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	460	230	235	2.5	2.4	2.8
English and French	325	165	165	1.8	1.7	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	18,160	9,775	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,680	8,535	7,140	86.3	87.3	85.2
French	800	430	370	4.4	4.4	4.4
Non-official language	105	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	985	475	515	5.4	4.9	6.1
English and non-official language(s)	510	255	260	2.8	2.6	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	18,160	9,775	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,850	9,630	8,225	98.3	98.5	98.1
Official languages	17,615	9,510	8,105	97.0	97.3	96.7
English	16,555	8,950	7,600	91.2	91.6	90.6
French	1,060	560	505	5.8	5.7	6.0
Non-official languages	235	115	120	1.3	1.2	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	115	120	1.3	1.2	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	75	75	0.9	0.8	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	310	150	160	1.7	1.5	1.9
English and French	205	105	100	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	18,160	9,775	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,855	9,145	7,705	92.8	93.6	91.9
English	355	180	170	2.0	1.8	2.0
French	555	255	305	3.1	2.6	3.6
Non-official language	315	155	155	1.7	1.6	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	315	155	155	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,295	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,255	9,035	8,225	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	17,100	8,980	8,125	98.9	99.2	98.5
French	3,780	1,940	1,840	21.9	21.4	22.3
Non-official languages	1,330	625	710	7.7	6.9	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,320	625	695	7.6	6.9	8.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	940	445	485	5.4	4.9	5.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	110	90	1.2	1.2	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	110	90	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
Russian	60	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	220	90	130	1.3	1.0	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	70	110	1.0	0.8	1.3
German	175	70	110	1.0	0.8	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	120	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	220	120	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	135	65	70	0.8	0.7	0.8
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	310	135	175	1.8	1.5	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	240	105	145	1.4	1.2	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	30	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,245	690	555	7.2	7.6	6.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,185	660	525	6.9	7.3	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	740	430	310	4.3	4.8	3.8
Métis	435	220	210	2.5	2.4	2.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	16,045	8,355	7,690	92.8	92.3	93.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	350	215	135	2.0	2.4	1.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,945	8,835	8,110	98.0	97.6	98.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,340	...	...	64.2	...	...
Renter	2,420	...	...	35.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
Not condominium	6,665	...	...	98.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	285	...	...	4.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100	...	...	16.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,965	...	...	43.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,410	...	...	35.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	900	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 rooms	1,035	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	1,140	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,030	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,655	...	...	39.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,725	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,630	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	135	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,130	...	...	16.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,005	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	795	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	910	...	...	13.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	315	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	555	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	560	...	...	8.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	490	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,365	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	400	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,340	...	...	49.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,260	...	...	48.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	160	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	295	...	...	4.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,935	...	...	28.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,525	...	...	22.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	980	...	...	14.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	985	...	...	14.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	650	...	...	9.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	295	...	...	4.4	...	...
85 years and over	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,170	...	...	91.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	575	...	...	8.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	550	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,020	...	...	15.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	520	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not suitable only	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	320	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,745	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	140	...	...	2.1	...	...
Not in core need	6,580	...	...	98.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.5	...	...	68.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430	...	...	1,430	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,342	...	...	1,342	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,000	...	...	384,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,420	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.6	...	...	17.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,049	...	...	1,049	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	390	220	175	2.3	2.4	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	380	215	165	2.2	2.4	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	300	175	125	1.7	1.9	1.5
Métis single ancestry	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,385	740	645	8.0	8.2	7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,340	720	615	7.7	8.0	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,010	580	425	5.8	6.4	5.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	140	155	1.7	1.5	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	15,520	8,090	7,425	89.7	89.4	90.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,980	8,935	8,045	98.2	98.7	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,440	2,300	2,140	25.7	25.4	26.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	12,545	6,635	5,910	72.5	73.3	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	310	115	195	1.8	1.3	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,295	9,050	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,125	8,540	7,590	93.2	94.4	92.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,065	455	610	6.2	5.0	7.4
Before 1980	210	110	95	1.2	1.2	1.2
1980 to 1990	110	30	80	0.6	0.3	1.0
1991 to 2000	175	85	95	1.0	0.9	1.2
2001 to 2010	285	120	160	1.6	1.3	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	285	105	180	1.6	1.2	2.2
2011 to 2015	155	55	95	0.9	0.6	1.2
2016 to 2021	130	50	80	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,065	455	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	120	55	65	11.3	12.1	10.7
5 to 14 years	250	125	125	23.5	27.5	20.5
15 to 24 years	235	100	135	22.1	22.0	22.1
25 to 44 years	410	165	245	38.5	36.3	40.2
45 years and over	50	15	35	4.7	3.3	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,065	455	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	75	90	15.0	16.5	14.8
Brazil	25	0	20	2.3	0.0	3.3
Colombia	30	15	15	2.8	3.3	2.5
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.6
Jamaica	15	15	0	1.4	3.3	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	20	35	5.6	4.4	5.7
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0.9	2.2	0.0
Europe	500	215	285	46.9	47.3	46.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.9	2.2	0.0
Germany	100	20	75	9.4	4.4	12.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	30	10	20	2.8	2.2	3.3
Poland	35	15	20	3.3	3.3	3.3
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	15	0	1.4	3.3	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200	95	100	18.8	20.9	16.4
Other places of birth in Europe	70	45	30	6.6	9.9	4.9
Africa	65	30	35	6.1	6.6	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	15	25	3.8	3.3	4.1
Asia	330	135	195	31.0	29.7	32.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.6
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	2.3	3.3	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	1.9	2.2	2.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	20	25	4.7	4.4	4.1
Viet Nam	15	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.5
Bangladesh	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.6
India	95	40	55	8.9	8.8	9.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	15	50	6.6	3.3	8.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	130	50	80	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	25	10	20	19.2	20.0	25.0
Brazil	10	0	0	7.7	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	7.7	0.0	12.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	20	10	15	15.4	20.0	18.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	10	7.7	20.0	12.5
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	7.7	0.0	12.5
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	70	30	45	53.8	60.0	56.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	20	26.9	40.0	25.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10	19.2	20.0	12.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,290	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,415	620	795	8.2	6.9	9.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,100	1,120	980	12.1	12.4	11.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,775	7,310	6,465	79.7	80.8	78.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	855	340	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	485	225	260	56.7	66.2	50.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	180	110	75	21.1	32.4	14.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	305	115	185	35.7	33.8	35.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	290	75	215	33.9	22.1	41.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	35	30	7.6	10.3	5.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	855	340	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10	2.9	4.4	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	85	25	65	9.9	7.4	12.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	20	70	11.1	5.9	13.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	40	35	8.2	11.8	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	575	245	325	67.3	72.1	63.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,290	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,075	550	530	6.2	6.1	6.4
South Asian	300	160	140	1.7	1.8	1.7
Chinese	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	270	155	110	1.6	1.7	1.3
Filipino	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,215	8,505	7,715	93.8	94.0	93.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,295	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,500	1,885	1,615	20.2	20.8	19.6
English	3,830	1,990	1,835	22.1	22.0	22.3
Irish	4,750	2,455	2,295	27.5	27.1	27.8
Scottish	3,745	1,950	1,795	21.7	21.5	21.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,430	1,655	1,780	19.8	18.3	21.6
German	2,785	1,270	1,510	16.1	14.0	18.3
Chinese	95	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Italian	530	295	235	3.1	3.3	2.9
Indian (India)	205	95	110	1.2	1.0	1.3
Ukrainian	420	225	190	2.4	2.5	2.3
Dutch	765	350	415	4.4	3.9	5.0
Polish	880	465	410	5.1	5.1	5.0
Québécois	150	70	85	0.9	0.8	1.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	715	395	325	4.1	4.4	3.9
Filipino	90	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
French Canadian	510	285	225	2.9	3.1	2.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	515	265	255	3.0	2.9	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	475	300	175	2.7	3.3	2.1
Métis	420	195	225	2.4	2.2	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	295	175	120	1.7	1.9	1.5
Russian	165	110	55	1.0	1.2	0.7
Norwegian	195	95	100	1.1	1.0	1.2
Welsh	310	150	160	1.8	1.7	1.9
Portuguese	150	65	75	0.9	0.7	0.9
American	130	50	80	0.8	0.6	1.0
Spanish	65	40	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swedish	125	70	55	0.7	0.8	0.7
Hungarian	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Acadian	175	100	70	1.0	1.1	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Jewish	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	55	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	70	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	40	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Lebanese	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	65	85	0.9	0.7	1.0
Danish	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	200	90	110	1.2	1.0	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Belgian	145	75	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hindu	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Finnish	135	70	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Japanese	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	90	60	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Syrian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	85	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.5
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	360	190	170	2.1	2.1	2.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	110	75	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Franco Ontarian	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,290	9,050	8,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
Christian	9,470	4,730	4,740	54.8	52.3	57.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	895	465	430	5.2	5.1	5.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	865	455	410	5.0	5.0	5.0
Baptist	245	140	105	1.4	1.5	1.3
Catholic	5,315	2,650	2,675	30.7	29.3	32.4
Christian Orthodox	110	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	620	295	325	3.6	3.3	3.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	225	100	125	1.3	1.1	1.5
Presbyterian	130	50	75	0.8	0.6	0.9
Reformed	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	585	300	290	3.4	3.3	3.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	330	155	175	1.9	1.7	2.1
Hindu	140	85	55	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jewish	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	200	105	95	1.2	1.2	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	7,315	4,055	3,260	42.3	44.8	39.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,015	8,910	8,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	14,395	7,535	6,860	84.6	84.6	84.6
Movers	2,625	1,370	1,250	15.4	15.4	15.4
Non-migrants	1,060	570	495	6.2	6.4	6.1
Migrants	1,560	805	750	9.2	9.0	9.3
Internal migrants	1,520	795	730	8.9	8.9	9.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,010	530	480	5.9	5.9	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	510	260	250	3.0	2.9	3.1
External migrants	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	15,905	8,330	7,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	7,260	3,730	3,535	45.6	44.8	46.7
Movers	8,635	4,600	4,040	54.3	55.2	53.4
Non-migrants	2,520	1,330	1,185	15.8	16.0	15.7
Migrants	6,120	3,265	2,850	38.5	39.2	37.6
Internal migrants	5,945	3,195	2,750	37.4	38.4	36.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,860	2,000	1,860	24.3	24.0	24.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,085	1,195	890	13.1	14.3	11.8
External migrants	170	70	100	1.1	0.8	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,370	7,030	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,810	1,010	800	13.5	14.4	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,565	6,020	5,540	86.5	85.6	87.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,780	5,175	4,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	720	430	290	7.4	8.3	6.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,060	4,745	4,320	92.6	91.7	93.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,370	7,030	6,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,600	870	735	12.0	12.4	11.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,800	2,990	1,815	35.9	42.5	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,970	3,175	3,795	52.1	45.2	59.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,690	2,270	2,415	35.1	32.3	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	920	710	210	6.9	10.1	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	430	290	145	3.2	4.1	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	490	420	70	3.7	6.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,610	1,500	2,115	27.0	21.3	33.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	65	90	1.2	0.9	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,280	905	1,380	17.1	12.9	21.7
Bachelor's degree	1,590	560	1,035	11.9	8.0	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	40	90	1.0	0.6	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	430	225	205	3.2	3.2	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	60	20	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,780	5,170	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	615	360	250	6.3	7.0	5.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,425	2,240	1,185	35.0	43.3	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,745	2,570	3,175	58.7	49.7	68.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,765	1,810	1,955	38.5	35.0	42.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	715	530	180	7.3	10.3	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	355	240	120	3.6	4.6	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	355	295	55	3.6	5.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,950	1,230	1,720	30.2	23.8	37.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	40	60	1.1	0.8	1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,980	760	1,225	20.2	14.7	26.6
Bachelor's degree	1,370	475	895	14.0	9.2	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	20	85	1.1	0.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	385	185	195	3.9	3.6	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	55	25	0.8	1.1	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,370	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,405	3,855	2,545	47.9	54.8	40.1
Education	370	45	325	2.8	0.6	5.1
13. Education	370	45	325	2.8	0.6	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	150	55	95	1.1	0.8	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	125	35	90	0.9	0.5	1.4
Humanities	280	110	170	2.1	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	50	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	40	30	0.5	0.6	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	80	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	735	215	520	5.5	3.1	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	220	20	195	1.6	0.3	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	70	20	50	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	125	35	85	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	265	125	140	2.0	1.8	2.2
Business, management and public administration	1,210	315	895	9.1	4.5	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	40	135	1.3	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,040	280	765	7.8	4.0	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	185	135	2.4	2.6	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	40	80	0.9	0.6	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	115	90	25	0.9	1.3	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	90	40	1.0	1.3	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	85	25	0.8	1.2	0.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,585	1,410	175	11.9	20.1	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
14. Engineering	280	215	65	2.1	3.1	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	420	370	50	3.1	5.3	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	320	300	10	2.4	4.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	415	405	0	3.1	5.8	0.0
48. Precision production	125	115	10	0.9	1.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	70	60	1.0	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	45	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	1,270	180	1,090	9.5	2.6	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	25	70	0.7	0.4	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,155	155	1,005	8.6	2.2	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	795	495	300	5.9	7.0	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	260	55	205	1.9	0.8	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	50	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	85	85	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	230	85	2.4	3.3	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	75	10	0.6	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,780	5,175	4,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,035	2,605	1,430	41.3	50.3	31.1
Education	285	20	260	2.9	0.4	5.6
13. Education	285	20	260	2.9	0.4	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	40	90	1.3	0.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	110	25	85	1.1	0.5	1.8
Humanities	240	95	150	2.5	1.8	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	75	25	45	0.8	0.5	1.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	625	180	450	6.4	3.5	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	10	165	1.8	0.2	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	55	15	45	0.6	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	100	20	75	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	245	115	130	2.5	2.2	2.8
Business, management and public administration	1,015	250	760	10.4	4.8	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	25	135	1.6	0.5	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	850	220	625	8.7	4.3	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	280	155	120	2.9	3.0	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	25	70	0.9	0.5	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	80	25	1.1	1.5	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	80	35	1.2	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	80	25	1.0	1.5	0.5
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,280	1,115	160	13.1	21.5	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
14. Engineering	230	170	60	2.4	3.3	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	345	300	50	3.5	5.8	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	240	235	10	2.5	4.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	315	10	3.3	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	115	100	10	1.2	1.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	110	50	60	1.1	1.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	20	50	0.7	0.4	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	30	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	1,005	155	845	10.3	3.0	18.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	10	55	0.8	0.2	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	915	135	775	9.4	2.6	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	670	425	245	6.9	8.2	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	50	175	2.3	1.0	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	65	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	210	65	2.8	4.1	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	65	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,780	5,175	4,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,035	2,605	1,430	41.3	50.3	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,745	2,565	3,180	58.7	49.6	69.1
Location of study inside Canada	5,365	2,415	2,950	54.9	46.7	64.1
Same as province or territory of residence	4,170	1,915	2,250	42.6	37.0	48.9
Different than province or territory of residence	1,195	505	695	12.2	9.8	15.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	380	150	230	3.9	2.9	5.0
Americas	95	45	55	1.0	0.9	1.2
United States of America	75	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	135	60	65	1.4	1.2	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	40	40	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Africa	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	125	40	90	1.3	0.8	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Oceania	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,370	7,030	6,345	...	...	...
In the labour force	9,475	5,320	4,160	...	...	...
Employed	8,875	5,125	3,745	...	...	...
Unemployed	600	195	410	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,895	1,715	2,185	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.9	75.7	65.6	70.9	75.7	65.6
Employment rate	66.4	72.9	59.0	66.4	72.9	59.0
Unemployment rate	6.3	3.7	9.9	6.3	3.7	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,370	7,030	6,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,850	1,650	2,200	28.8	23.5	34.7
Worked	9,525	5,385	4,140	71.2	76.6	65.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,215	4,070	2,145	46.5	57.9	33.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,310	1,315	1,995	24.8	18.7	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.9	46.1	41.2	43.9	46.1	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,475	5,320	4,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	45	90	1.5	0.8	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,335	5,270	4,065	98.5	99.1	97.7
Employee	8,690	5,030	3,655	91.7	94.5	87.9
Permanent position	7,195	4,175	3,020	75.9	78.5	72.6
Temporary position	1,495	855	640	15.8	16.1	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	950	650	295	10.0	12.2	7.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	545	205	345	5.8	3.9	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	650	240	405	6.9	4.5	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,475	5,320	4,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	45	90	1.5	0.8	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,335	5,270	4,065	98.5	99.1	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	70	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,090	285	805	11.5	5.4	19.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	600	475	125	6.3	8.9	3.0
3 Health occupations	735	110	625	7.8	2.1	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,795	2,610	1,180	40.1	49.1	28.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	130	30	100	1.4	0.6	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	1,715	655	1,060	18.1	12.3	25.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,020	910	110	10.8	17.1	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	70	50	20	0.7	0.9	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	115	110	0	1.2	2.1	0.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,475	5,320	4,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	45	90	1.5	0.8	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	9,335	5,270	4,065	98.5	99.1	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	65	55	10	0.7	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	315	285	30	3.3	5.4	0.7
31-33 Manufacturing	135	90	40	1.4	1.7	1.0
41 Wholesale trade	40	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	710	285	430	7.5	5.4	10.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	160	100	60	1.7	1.9	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	55	10	40	0.6	0.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	90	15	70	0.9	0.3	1.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	70	10	60	0.7	0.2	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	720	440	280	7.6	8.3	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	320	150	165	3.4	2.8	4.0
61 Educational services	520	80	445	5.5	1.5	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	930	75	860	9.8	1.4	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	100	30	75	1.1	0.6	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	555	240	310	5.9	4.5	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	205	60	145	2.2	1.1	3.5
91 Public administration	4,305	3,300	1,005	45.4	62.0	24.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,070	5,600	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,025	5,055	3,970	89.6	90.3	88.9
French	150	30	120	1.5	0.5	2.7
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	855	500	360	8.5	8.9	8.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,070	5,600	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,960	5,535	4,425	98.9	98.8	99.1
Official languages	9,960	5,535	4,425	98.9	98.8	99.1
English	9,755	5,495	4,265	96.9	98.1	95.5
French	205	45	165	2.0	0.8	3.7
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	65	40	1.0	1.2	0.9
English and French	90	55	35	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,070	5,600	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	9,285	5,150	4,135	92.2	92.0	92.6
English	55	15	45	0.5	0.3	1.0
French	715	430	280	7.1	7.7	6.3
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,875	5,125	3,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,405	620	785	15.8	12.1	20.9
Worked outside Canada	200	180	20	2.3	3.5	0.5
No fixed workplace address	1,090	795	295	12.3	15.5	7.9
Usual place of work	6,170	3,525	2,645	69.5	68.8	70.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,175	3,525	2,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,140	2,635	1,510	67.0	74.8	57.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,765	735	1,025	28.6	20.9	38.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	235	130	100	3.8	3.7	3.8
Commute to a different province or territory	35	25	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,265	4,325	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,860	4,120	2,735	94.4	95.3	92.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,565	3,965	2,605	90.4	91.7	88.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	295	155	135	4.1	3.6	4.6
Public transit	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Walked	230	105	125	3.2	2.4	4.2
Bicycle	35	35	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Other method	130	55	75	1.8	1.3	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,265	4,325	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,040	2,565	1,470	55.6	59.3	49.9
15 to 29 minutes	2,475	1,380	1,100	34.1	31.9	37.4
30 to 44 minutes	545	265	280	7.5	6.1	9.5
45 to 59 minutes	75	35	35	1.0	0.8	1.2
60 minutes and over	125	80	50	1.7	1.8	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,265	4,325	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	420	285	140	5.8	6.6	4.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,585	1,000	585	21.8	23.1	19.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,425	1,575	850	33.4	36.4	28.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,505	835	675	20.7	19.3	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	670	325	350	9.2	7.5	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	655	305	355	9.0	7.1	12.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,520	2,360	2,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,290	660	630	28.5	28.0	29.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,230	1,700	1,530	71.5	72.0	70.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,025	1,605	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	435	400	27.6	27.1	28.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	540	255	285	17.9	15.9	20.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	175	120	9.9	10.9	8.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,190	1,170	1,020	72.4	72.9	71.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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